初中英语语法：情态动词讲解与练习(有答案)

情态动词一.情态动词的定义情态动词是一种本身有一定的词义，表示说话人的情绪、态度或语气的动词，但不能单独作谓语，只能和其他动词原形构成谓语。They can be there on time tomorrow. 他们明天能按时去那儿。May I have your name 我能知道你的名字吗？Shall we begin now 我们现在就开始吗？You must obey the school rules. 你必须遵守校规。情态动词数量不多，主要有： can (could), may (might), must, need, ought to, dare (dared), shall (should), will (would) .

二.情态动词的位置情态动词在句中放在谓语动词之前，谓语动词前若有助动词，则在助动词之前，疑问句中，情态动词放在主语之前。I can see you. Come here. 我能看见你，过来吧。He must have been away. 他一定走了。What can I do for you 你要什么？How dare you t reat us like that! 你怎么敢那样对待我们! 三.情态动词的特点情态动词无人称和数的变化，情态动词后面跟的动词需用原形，否定式构成是在情态动词后面加“not”。个别情态动词有现在式和过去式两种形式，过去式可以用来表达更加客气、委婉的语气，时态性不强，可用于过去，现在或将来。我们称之为“功能用法”。He could be here soon. 他很快就来。We can't carry the heavy box. 我们搬不动那箱子。I'm sorry I can't help you. 对不起，我帮不上你。四. 情态动词的语法特征：1）情态动词不能表示正在发生或已经发生的事情，只表示期待或估计某事的发生。2）情态动词除ought 和have 外，后面只能接不带to 的不定式。3）情态动词没有人称，数的变化，即情态动词第三人称单数不加-s。4）情态动词没有非谓语形式，即没有不定式，分词等形式。五.情态动词的用法

1. can (could) 表示说话人能, 可以, 同意, 准许, 以及客观条件许可, could 为 can 的过去式。Can you pass me the books 你能给我递一下书吗？

Could you help me, please 请问, 你能帮助我吗？What can y ou do 你能干点什么呢？Can you be sure 你有把握吗？can 和could 只能用于现在式和过去式两种时态，将来时态用be able to 来表示。

He could help us at all. 他完全可以帮助我们。With the teacher’s help, I will be able to speak English correctly. 有老师的帮助, 我将能准确地讲英语。 2. may (might) “可以”，表示说话人同意，许可或请求对方许可。May I come in 我可以进来吗？May I use your diction ary 我可以用你的词典吗？You may put on more clothes. 你可以多穿点衣服。He said he might lend us some money. 他说他可以借给我们一些钱。may 否定式为 may not, 缩写形式是mayn’t。might 是may 的过去式，

有两种用法，一种表示过去式，一种表示虚拟语气，使语气更加委婉、客气或对可能性的怀疑。He told me he might be here on time. 他说他能按时间来。

Might I borrow some money now 我可以借点钱吗？He might be alive. 他可能还活着。 3. must “必须；应该；一定；准是”，表示说话人认为有必要做某事，命令、要求别人做某事以及对事物的推测。must 用来指一般现在时和一般将来时，过去式可用 have to 的过去式代替。I must finish my work today. 我今天必须完成我的工作。You mustn't work all the time. 你不能老是工作。Must I return the book tomorrow 我必须明天还书吗？

After such a long walk, you must be tired. 走了这么长的路, 你一定累了。He must be the man I am looking for. 他一定是我要找的人。

He had to go because of somebody’s calling him that day. 那天他要走，因为有人叫他。值得注意的是：（1）must + have + 过去分词，表示现在对过去事物的推测。He must have told my parents about it.

他一定把这件事情告诉我父母亲了。It's six o'clock already, we m ust have been late again. 已经六点钟了，我们一定又迟到了。（2）must 和 have to 的区别: must 表示说话人的主观思想, have to “不得不,必须”，表示客观需要、客观条件只能如此。You must do it now. 你必需现在就干。(说话人认为必须现在干) I have to go now. 我得走了。(客观条件必须现在走) You must be here on time next time. 你下次一定要按时来。

I have to cook for my child. 我得给孩子做饭。 4. need “需要”，多用在否定式或疑问句中. Need I attend the meeting tomorrow 我需要明天参加会议吗？You need not hand in the paper this week. 这一周你不必交论文。need 是一个情态动词，他的用法完全和其他情态动词一样，但 ne ed 还可当作实义动词使用，这时 need 就象其他动词一样，有第三人称，单复数，后面加带 to 的动词等特性。I need a bike to go to school. 我上学需要一辆自行车。Do you need a dictionary 你需要词典吗？She n eeds a necklace. 她需要一条项链。注意：“needn‘t + h ave + 过去分词”表示过去做了没必要做的事情。You needn't have taken it seriously. 这件事情你不必太认真。 5. dare “敢”，多用在否定或疑问句中。

The little girl dare not speak in public. 小女孩不敢在公众面前说话。

Dare you catch the little snake 你敢抓小蛇吗？dare 除用作情态动词外，更多的是当实义动词使用，用法同实义动词一样，要考虑人称，单复数，时态等。Do you dare to walk in the dark 你敢黑夜走路吗？H e doesn't dare to tell the teacher what happened that day. 他不敢告诉老师

那天发生的事。 6. ought “应当；应该”，后面跟带有 to 的动词不定式。

You ought to read these books if you want to know how to repair th e motorcar. 如果你想知道如何修理汽车,你应该读这些书。You ought to bring the child here. 你应该把孩子带来。ought + to have done 句型。指过去动作,表示一件事情该做而未做。You ought to have been here yes terday. 你昨天就应该来。ought not to have done 句型。表示一件不该做的事情却做了。You ought not to have taken the book out of the read ing-room. 你不应该把书带出阅览室。7. will (would) 表决心、愿望。 would 为 will 的过去式, 可用于各人称。1）will表示经常性、习惯性、倾向性，would表示过去的习惯行为。. a. He will sit there hour a fter hour looking at the traffic go by. would come to see me when he was in Beijing. 2）表示意志，决心或愿望。. a. Surely we will support all the people in the world in their struggle for peace.

b. He would not let me try it . 3）表示对对方的请求，用于第二人称作主语的疑问句中，would的语气比will委碗,疑问句中一般用some, 而不是any。

. a. would/will you kindly tell me the way to the station？

b. Would you like some cake？4）would like = want to 想要Would like to do = want to do想要 e. g. a Would you like to go w ith me？8. shall, should 表示命令, 警告, 允诺, 征求, 劝告, 建议,惊奇等。shall的用法用于第一,第三人称征求对方的意愿

. a. What shall I wear on the journey？ b. When shall he be abl e to leave the hospital？should 的用法1)用于第一人称疑问句中询问对方的意愿，但语气较委婉温和. a. What should we do now 我们现在该怎么办？2)表示应该、必须，常与must 换用。. a. We s hould (must) master a foreign language at least. 3).should 表示劝告，建议，命令，此时也可用ought to. 在疑问句中，通常用should代替 ought to.

4) should have done 表示过去应该做而实际没有做should not have d one 表示过去不该做而实际做了．9. have to＆must 1) 两词都是'必须'的意思，have to 表示客观的需要， must 表示说话人主观上的看法，既主观上的必要。. a. My brother was very ill, so I had to call the doctor in the middle of the night. (客观上需要做这件事) b. He said that th ey must work hard. （主观上要做）2) have to有人称、数、时态的变化，而must只有一种形式。但must 可用于间接引语中表示过去的必要或义务。.

a. He had to look after his sister yesterday. 3）在否定结构中： d

on’t have to表示“不必” mustn’t表示“禁止”. a. You don‘t have to tell him about it. b. You mustn‘t tell him about it.

&dare 这两词既可做实义动词用，又可做情态动词用。作为情态动词，两者都只能用于疑问句，否定句和条件句。 need 作实义动词时后面的不定式必须带to，而dare作实义动词用时, 后面的to 时常可以被省略。1)实义动词:need+ n. / to do sth 2)情态动词： need，只用原形need后加do，否定形式为nee d not。. a. ----Need you go yet？----Yes, I must.\No, I needn't. 3) need 的被动含义：need, want, require, worth（形容词）后面接doing也可以表示被动：need doing = need to be done 和o ught to 都为“应该”的意思，可用于各种人称。---Ought he to go？

---Yes. I think he ought to. 表示要求，命令时，语气由 should （应该）、had better最好）、must（必须）渐强。 better表示"最好"

had better 相当于一个助动词，它只有一种形式，它后面要跟动词原形。ha d better do sth .had better not do It is pretty cold. You'd better put on my coat. She'd better not play with the dog. had better have done sth表示与事实相反的结果，意为"本来最好"。You had better have come earlier. 六.情态动词的回答方式问句肯定回答否定回答Need you…Yes, I must.No,I needn‘t Must you…Yes, I must. No, I needn’t./don’t have to.May I … Yes, of course. No, you mustn’t.Cou ld you… Yes, you can. No, you can’t.回答时千万不能用 Yes,you could. No,you couldn’t.

七.情态动词表猜测must 用于肯定句can 用于否定句或疑问句May 用于肯定句或否定句should 用于肯定句

八.表示推测的用法can, could, may, might, must 皆可表示推测，其用法如下：1）情态动词+动词原形。表示对现在或将来的情况的推测，此时动词通常为系动词。I don't know where she is, she may be in Wuhan.

2）情态动词+动词现在进行时。表示对现在或将来正在进行的情况进行推测。At this moment, our teacher must be correcting our exam papers.

这时，我们老师想必在批改试卷3）情态动词+动词完成时。

表示对过去情况的推测。We would have finished this work by the en d of next December.明年十二月底前我们很可能已完成这项工作了。The road is w et. It must have rained last night.地是湿的，昨天晚上一定下雨了。4）情态动词+动词的现在完成进行时。表示对过去正在发生事情的推测。

Your mother must have been looking for you.你妈妈一定一直在找你。

二．提高深化（有答案）

1( ) 1 John___ come to see us tonight, but he isn't very sure yet.

A. may

B. can

C. has to

D. must

( ) 2 They ___ do well in the exam.

A. can be able to

B. be able to

C. can able to

D. are able to

( ) 3 -May I take this book out？

-No, you___.

A. can't

B. may not

C. needn't

D. aren't

( ) 4 You___ go and see a doctor at once because you're got a fever.

A. can

B. must

C. dare

D. would

( ) 5 -Can you speak Japanese？

-No, I____.

A. mustn't

B. can't

C. needn't

D. may not

2( ) 1 -He___ be in the classroom, I think.

-No, he ___ be in the classroom. I saw him go home a minute ago.

A. can; may not

B. must; may not

C. may; can't

D. may; mustn't

( ) 2 -Shall I get one more cake for you, Dad？

-Thanks, but you___, I've had enough.

A. may not

B. must not

C. can't

D. needn't

( ) 3 Even the top students in our class can't work out this problem, so it be very difficult.

A. may

B. must

C. can

D. need

( ) 4 He isn't at school. I think he ___ be ill.

o A. can B. shall C. must D. has to

( ) 5 ___ I take this one？

A. May

B. Will

C. Are

D. Do

3( ) 1 The children___ play football on the road.

A. can't

B. can

C. mustn't

D. must

( ) 2 You ___ be late for school again next time.

A. mustn't

B. needn't

C. don't have to

D. don't need to

( ) 3 -Must I do my homework at once？

-No, you___.

A. needn't

B. mustn't

C. can't

D. may not

4( ) 1 His arm is all right. He___ go and see the doctor.

A. has not to

B. don't have to

C. haven't to

D. doesn't have to

( ) 2 He had to give up the plan, ___ he？

A. did

B. didn't

C. does

D. doesn't

( ) 3 They had to walk here, ___ they？

A. mustn't

B. did

C. didn't

D. hadn't

5( ) 1 He had better stay here, ___ he？

A. didn't

B. don't

C. hadn't

D. isn't

( ) 2 You'd better___late next time.

A. not to be

B. not be

C. won't be

D. don't be

( ) 3 You'd better ___ your hair ___ once a month.

A. had; cut

B. had; cutted

C. have; cut

D. have; cutted

( ) 4 You___ ask that man over there. Maybe he knows the way.

A. had better not to

B. had not better

C. had better

D. had better not 6( ) 1 -Shall we go and visit the History Museum next Sunday？

A. Here you are

B. Sorry, I can't

C. Yes, please

D. Let me try ( ) 2 -Why don't you ask Mike to go with us？

-Thanks, ___.

A. I will

B. I won't

C. lean

D. I may

( ) 3 -___ I take the newspaper away？

-No, you mustn't. You____read it only here.

A. Must; can

B. May; can

C. Need; must

D. Must; must

参考答案：

1. 1-5 A D A B B

2. 1-5 C D B C A

3. 1-3 C A A

4. 1-3 D B C

5. 1-4 C B C C

6. 1-3 B A B

初中英语语法大全知识点总结

英语语法大全 初中英语语法 学习提纲 一、词类、句子成分和构词法： 1、词类：英语词类分十种： 名词、形容词、代词、数词、冠词、动词、副词、介词、连词、感叹词。 1、名词(n.)：表示人、事物、地点或抽象概念的名称。如：boy, morning, bag, ball, class, orange. 2、代词(pron.)：主要用来代替名词。如：who, she, you, it . 3、形容词(adj..)：表示人或事物的性质或特征。如：good, right, white, orange . 4、数词(num.)：表示数目或事物的顺序。如：one, two, three, first, second, third, fourth. 5、动词(v.)：表示动作或状态。如：am, is,are,have,see . 6、副词(adv.)：修饰动词、形容词或其他副词,说明时间、地点、程度等。如：now, very, here, often, quietly, slowly. 7、冠词(art..)：用在名词前,帮助说明名词。如：a, an, the. 8、介词(prep.)：表示它后面的名词或代词与其他句子成分的关系。如in, on, from, above, behind. 9、连词(conj.)：用来连接词、短语或句子。如and, but, before . 10、感叹词(interj..)表示喜、怒、哀、乐等感情。如：oh, well, hi, hello. 2、句子成分：英语句子成分分为七种：主语、谓语、宾语、定语、状语、表语、宾语补足语。 1、主语是句子所要说的人或事物,回答是“谁”或者“什么”。通常用名词或代词担任。如：I’m Miss Green.(我是格林小姐) 2、谓语动词说明主语的动作或状态,回答“做(什么)”。主要由动词担任。如：Jack cleans the room every day. (杰克每天打扫房间) 3、表语在系动词之后,说明主语的身份或特征,回答是“什么”或者“怎么样”。通常由名词、代词 或形容词担任。如：My name is Ping ping .(我的名字叫萍萍) 4、宾语表示及物动词的对象或结果,回答做的是“什么”。通常由名词或代词担任。如：He can spell the word.(他能拼这个词) 有些及物动词带有两个宾语,一个指物,一个指人。指物的叫直接宾语,指人的叫间接宾语。间 接宾语一般放在直接宾语的前面。如：He wrote me a letter . (他给我写了一封信) 有时可把介词to或for加在间接宾语前构成短语,放在直接宾语后面,来强调间接宾语。如： He wrote a letter to me . (他给我写了一封信) 5、定语修饰名词或代词,通常由形容词、代词、数词等担任。如：

初中英语语法测试题_(完整版)

英语语法专练 第一部分冠词 there ____“s”in the end of the word D. / 2.Mr. Wang is ____honest man. D. / is ____university student. D. / 4. ____ book is very useful. I bought it from____unknown little town. , a , a , the , an in ___Grade three is ____tallest in our school. , the, the , a, a , ×, the , ×, a moves around____earth,and they both are smaller than ____sun. , an, a , the, the C.×, ×, × , the, the 7. She was playing ____piano then. B./ should care for ____old. , a , the , a , the city lies on ____Yangtzi River. C./ doesn’t have ____lunch at home.

C./ 第二部分名词 there ____on that plate There are ____under that tree. chicken chicken chickens chickens need two ____to repair the table. of woods of wood of wood of woods know ____doesn’t runl so fast as light（光）. sound sound are sixty ____in our school. teacher teachers teachers teacher Smith is a friend of_____. ’s mother’s ’s mother ’s of Mary mother’s 第三部分数词 always wanted to have ___of books and he has recently bought four ____. ,hundred ,hundred ,hundreds ,hundreds People’s Republic of China was founded ____,1949. October 1 October 1st October 1st 1 3friday is the ____day of the week.

初中英语语法知识—情态动词的图文答案(3)

一、选择题 1．—Jenny, we buy Mom presents. We can clean the house from top to bottom. —Good idea! It’s a special present for Mother’s Day. A．can’t B．mustn’t C．shouldn’t D．needn’t 2．-Listen! A wolf is crying! -It _______ be a wolf, because a wolf never comes out at this time. A．mustn’t B．needn’t C．can’t D．don’t 3．―I didn’t pass the driving test again. ―Don't worry. Just like the weather, life be beautiful all the time. A．can't B．needn't C．shouldn't D．mustn't 4．—________your house be cleaned right now？ —No,it needn't.It may be cleaned this afternoon．（） A．Must B．May C．Can 5．—Is that cap Bob’s? —No, it ________ be his. His is blue. A．can’t B．mustn’t C．needn’t D．may not 6．（江苏省无锡市锡北片2017届九年级下学期期中考试）—Where are you going for your summer holiday? —We go to Yun Nan, but we haven’t decided yet. A．should B．will C．may D．must 7．—How nice the building is! What is it for? —It ________ a hotel. But I’m not sure. A．must be B．have to be C．may be D．can be 8．—______ you please tell me something about the life in Canada or America? —Sorry, I______. I don’t know either. I’m from Australia. A．Could; couldn’t B．Can; couldn’t C．Could; can’t D．Can; mustn’t 9．— I would like________ to see a movie. —It’s too late. You’d better ________alone. A．to go, go B．go, not go C．to go, not go D．going, go 10．— I wonder if these are Jim's glasses. —They _____his. He doesn't wear glasses. A．might be B．could be C．can't be 11．I see the blackboard. I need to have my glasses. A．can B．can’t C．must D．mustn’t 12．I’m sorry, childre n over 1.4 meters________pay the full price for the show. A．may B．must C．can D．ought to 13．—Jack must be in his office, I think. —No, he be in the office. He flew to Canada this morning.

(完整word版)初中英语语法讲解大全,推荐文档

初中英语语法讲解 在中考单项选择试题中，除了时态，名词的考查频率也较高。一般考查以下几点： 一、可数名词与不可数名词 在可数名词与不可数名词上一般出现这样几类，（1）分辨是哪一类名词，并根据结论做选择。（2）可数名词复数的不规则变化。（3）不可数名词的量化表达。所以，考生首先要能够明确哪些是可数名词，哪些是不可数名词。其次，还要知道可数名词的复数的变化规则。可数名词的变化规则一般是在单词后面加-s 或-es，如： 1desk---desks bed---beds piano---pianos hat---hats bag---bags photo---phot os 2bus---buses box---boxes watch---watches brush---brushes 3tomato---tomatoes potato---potatoes hero---heroes Negro---Negroes 4 leaf---leaves knife---knives 5baby---babies family---families 另外，还要记住一些特殊的名词的变化形式，如： Chinese---Chinese Japanese---Japanese Englishman---Englishmen Frenchman---Frenchmen Russian---Russians American---Americans

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3)表延续的动词: remain, keep, hold, stay, rest等。 5、定语：对名词或代词起修饰、限定作用的词、短语或句子。 The black bike is mine.（形容词） The boy in blue is Jim.（介词短语） I have nothing to do today.（动词不定式） 注意：1) 当定语修饰不定代词如：nothing , anything , everything , something等时，定语要放在其后作后置定语。例如： I tell him something interesting. 2) 不定式、短语或从句作定语时，也放在被修饰的名词之后。 例如：The boys who are in the room are playing games. 6、状语：用以修饰adj. /v. /adv.及全句，位置灵活。 1、修饰形容词或副词时，通常位于被修饰的词之前； I am very sorry. 2、表示时间、地点、目的的状语一般位于句子两头，强调时放在句首。In order to cheer him up, I told him the truth. They are writing English in the classroom. 3、一些表示不确定时间（如：often）或程度（如：almost）的副词状语通常位于be动词、助动词、情态动词之后，动词之前。 We often help him.

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一、选择题 1．—_________ is it from Wuxi to Shanghai? —It’s about ________ drive. A．How long; a two hours’B．How far; a two-hours C．How far; two hours’D．How long; a two-hour 2．Alan usually goes to Harbin in .He likes playing with snow. A．May B．July C．September D．November 3．With the ________ of society, our environment is becoming worse and worse. So we should do what we can ________ our environment. A．development; to protect B．developing; to protect C．development; protect D．develop; protect 4．—I hear your family have made up their ________ to India next month. Have a pleasant journey. —Thank you. A．mind travelling B．minds travelling C．mind to travel D．minds to travel 5．—Why do you get up so early? —Because my home is far from the science museum. It’s ________bus ride. A．fifty-minutes B．fifty minute’s C．fifty-minute’s D．fifty minutes’6．Some ________went to Japan to help when they knew that many ________ lost their homes in the earthquake. A．Germen; Japanese B．Frenchmen; Japaneses C．Germans; Japanese 7．—What does your mother have for dinner？ — A．Chickens and tomato B．Chicken and tomatoes．C．Chicken and tomato．8．Look, this is________ bedroom. A．my father and mother’s B．my father’s and mother’s C．my father’s and mother D．my father and mother 9．Good food and_______help her_______better. A．exercise; study B．exercise; studies C．exercises; studying D．exercises; to study 10．_____________ mother usually cooks for ___________ at the weekend. A．Lily’s and Nick’s; them B．Lily and Nick’s; the m C．Lily and Nick’s; their D．Lily and Nick; their 11．My sister and I like eating two _______ and some _______ for dinner. They are really delicious. A．salad; eggs B．salads; eggs C．salad; eggs D．salads; egg 12．-Can I help you?

初中英语语法知识—情态动词的分类汇编

一、选择题 1．—Look! Mrs. Smith is standing in front of the teaching building. —It______ her. She has gone to Egypt for her holiday. A．must be B．mustn’t be C．can be D．can’t be 2．—I’d like ________ Guo Jingming’s Tiny Times. —You had better________ his books. The stories he tells are far from real life. A．buying, don’t read B．to buy, not read C．buying, not read D．to buy, not to read 3．You have finished most of the work, so you ____ start working so early tomorrow. You may come at 9 :00. A．can't B．mustn't C．needn't D．couldn't 4．Since you are very tired, you ______ finish the work today. A．needn’t B．may not C．mustn’t D．can’t 5．All passengers_____ go through safety check before they take a plane. A．may B．can C．must D．need 6．A: Is Jim coming by train? B: I’m not sure. He _______ drive his car. A．must B．may C．need D．should 7．From March 23rd, 2013, anyone under the age of 14 ________ go into Disneyland alone. A．couldn’t B．mustn’t C．needn’t D．mightn’t 8．—Can I take some milk and biscuits to the reading room? —No, our school has a rule that students _______ eat or drink there. A．can’t B．mustn’t C．needn’t D．may not 9．— Mom, I got a big box from express(快递). What is it? —I’m not sure. It ________be a present from your grandmother. A．should B．might C．must D．will 10．—Have you heard about the temperature of the earth will rise to 59℃ in 2020?—Don’t worry! The news _______ be true. A．must not B．may not C．needn’t D．will not 11．He like coffee. I see him drink a cup at times. A．must B．may C．can’t D．mustn’t 12．Even the top student can't work out this problem, so it________ be too difficult. A．must B．may C．can D．need 13．—Jack must be in his office, I think. —No, he be in the office. He flew to Canada this morning. A．needn't B．shouldn't C．can't D．mustn't 14．It’s raining all day, so I ________ stay at home. A．can’t B．has to C．have to