建筑专业外文翻译

2010世博会博览馆，上海，中国

THE POLISH EXPO 2010 EXPOSITION PA VILION ,SHANGHAI,CHINA

建筑设计：WWA建筑师事务所

ARCHITECTS:WWA Architects

展览馆的外部结构和内部功能设置集中体现在参观者所选择的参观路线。这条路线符合建筑的逻辑。入口是建筑室内外建筑体量的间隔，从各展览间规划的广场很容易到达。部分屋顶是由建筑叠合而成，可以设置一个露天餐厅，并为排队等候的参观者提供遮阳构件。入口通往的大厅容纳了信息中心、餐厅和商店。参观者随后达到的是通高的主要展厅。在此空间中布满了透过立面镂空花纹照进馆内的阳关，形成了“明暗对比”的效果，而展馆内部的墙体也可以作为屏幕，播放波兰城市生活等方面的影片。因此，建筑的室内将为预定的表演和演示设置背景，比如直接描绘波兰典型的市井生活。表演大厅位于入口屋顶之上，也是从这里进入。辅助功能被设置在建筑的最底层，借助坡道可以直通屋顶。

沿着流线继续前行，参观者进入的是波兰馆一处和特别的区域——城市未来主题展览区。那里的底层木制地板缓缓上升，呈阶梯状，形成了可以观看表演的观众席。阶梯还将观众引导至展览坡道。坡道坡道悬浮在展馆空中，通向建筑的夹层。夹层空间设置了波兰设计展和一个酒吧。坡道最后通往屋顶的观景点。参观者从屋顶这里开始向下行进，沿着有绿植或建筑小品构成的路线，到达了他们的起点——展馆的入口。相反方向的参观路线也经过精心的设计。倾斜的屋面为安排露天电影、戏剧表演或音乐会提供了可能。

外文：The outside structure of the pavilion and its reflection in the proposed arrangement of its inside functions impose on the visitors taking and following a route which is consistent withthe logic of the building. The entranceway ——an interlude betweenan inside and outside body of the construction, is accesible from the square marked out between the pavilions . The partial roof created by the fold in the building ,allows for arranging an open-air restaurant as well as for providing the queues of visitors a shelter from the elements . The entrance opens onto the hall containing the information centre , a restaurant , and a shop . Next the visitos proceed to the main ,full-height exhibition area of the pavilion . It is the space painted with the light filtering through the cut-out patterns of the elevation creating a〝chiarocuro〞effect, but also the place where thr inner ,solid walls

of the pavilion can function as screenson which the screens of polish city life are projected . consequently ,the inner of the building will creat a background for scheduled performances and presentations,e.g.directly connected with depicting the life of a typical Polish marked place . The concert hall which is located above the entranceway roof can be accessed from this area . auxiliary

functions have been designed in the lowest part of the building, under the ramp leading onto the rooftop.

Continuing the route the visitors enter the area of the exhibition proper ,devoted to the future of the citise . The wooden, ground-level floor is gradually rising , acquiring the form of terraced stairs and becoming an auditorium for performance taking place below. The stairs take the visiters onto the exhibition ramp, suspended in the pavilion space and leading to the mezzanine where the exhibition of Polish design and an additional bar are to be located. The last strech of the ramp leads onto the roof level——the viewing spot . From here ,the visitors can begin their descent on the rooftop, following the line of greenery elements or small architectural forms until they reach their starting point ——the entrance to the pavilion. The opposite direction of sightseeing may be considered as well. The sloping rooftop creats the possibility of arranging an open-air film shows ,theatical performances or concerts.

出自《世界建筑》11/2009 机遇之地：波兰P80-P83 出版社：世界建筑杂志社

波士顿会议和展览中心

Boston Convention and Exhibition Center

建筑设计师：拉斐尔?维诺里

坐落在南波士顿中心的滨水地区，新的波士顿会议和会展中心代表了该城市进入会议设施市场的高端市场。该项目是由管理着波士顿的马萨诸塞会议中心署来设计的，它发起的第一阶段的建筑设计，包括一个50000平方米的可以再分的展览厅、两个分别为4000和1500平米的舞厅以及总建筑面积超过15000平方米的72个会议室。第一阶段的建筑完成了四年之后，第二阶段即将进行，将增加大约30%的总建筑面积来扩大展览厅和会议室。

波士顿会议和会展中心的巨大体量坐落在两个单独的都市环境中。尽管场地北部地区主要是大型的多用途建筑，这里也是南波士顿滨水区再开发中的一部分，而南部区域则以小规模的住宅建筑为主。建筑设计通过沿着一个长长的斜屋顶进行高度上的变化而有效地调和了这种转变。

为了进一步将建筑融合进它周围的环境中，并减少它对南波士顿近邻地区的视觉影响，展览馆的大体量已经被小规模的会议室和社交场所包围了。进入和离开会议室中心的各种交通工具对于当地居民而言也是一个敏感的问题。为了从南波士顿街道上将这些交通隔离开来，一条抬高了环形公路环绕着该建筑，并沿着700米的长度为通向会议室和划分开的展览大厅提供了单独的车辆通道。停车场和装载港坐落在汽车高速公路的下方，超过了视野范围。在波士顿会议和展览中心里面，沿着展览厅的两侧的V形柱子支持着较高层的会议室和社交场所。屋顶的拱门以及暴露在外的构架从本质上说是一个非常高雅的工棚，是得它能够承担超过50米的自由跨度，并且标志着该场所是高度结构化的且非常适合大型设施。两

座桥漂浮在这个不受妨碍的垂直空间的上方，一次来连接建筑物的两侧，并提供更加有效的循环

外文：Situated at the heart of the South Boston waterfront,the new Boston Convention and Exhibition Center represents the city’s entry into the top-tier of the convention facilities market. The program developed by the massachusetts Convetion Center Authority ,which administers the BCEC , calls for a first phase construction consisting of a 50,000-square-meter sub-divisible exhibition hall,two ballrooms measuring 4,000and 15,00 meters.four years after completion of the first phase ,the second phase will be undertaken ,adding approximately 30 percent to the total in an expation of the exhibition hall and meeting rooms.

The enormous volume of the BCEC is situated within two disparate urban conditions . Althogh the area to the north of the site feathures large-scale mixed-use buildings that are part of the South Boston Waterfront Redevelopment , smaal-scale residential buildings characterize the area to the south . The design of the building effectively negotiates this transition by following the chang in elevation with a long, gently sloped roof.

To further integrate the complex into its surroudings and lessen its visual impact on the South Boston neighborhood, the vast volume of the exhibition hall has been surrouded by smaller scale meeting rooms and social spaces . Vehicular traffic in and out of the convention center was also a sensitive issue with local residents. In order to segregate this traffic from South Boston streets , an elevated ring road encircles the building and provides independent vehicular access to meeting rooms and the lobbies of the subdivided exhibit halls along the facility’s700-meter length .Parking garages and loading docks are located out of sight beneath this motoway . inside the BCEC,V-shaped columns along both sides of the exhibition hall suport the meeting rooms and social spaces on the upper floors .the arch of the roof and its exposed trusses is essentially a very elegant industrial shed that allows it to carry a free-span of over 50 meters and makes the space extremly configurable and suitable for large installation .Two bridges float above this virtually unencumbered space to connect the two sides of the building and provide moer efficient circulatio 出自《美国顶级建筑》P184-P193 出版社：大连理工大学出版社

美国馆

展馆主题：拥抱挑战

展馆亮点：灰色钢建筑

国家馆日：7月2日

展馆位置：C片区

展馆特色

美国馆是一幢巨大的灰色钢制建筑，形状像一只雄鹰正展开翅膀对游客表示欢迎。馆内会用一个富有活力又让人动情的故事来传递“可持续发展”、“团队协作”、“健康生活”以及“追求成功的精神”这四个核心主题。馆内的展览通过多维度、高科技的展示手段表现了美国人民坚韧不拔、创新改革以及热心创建社区的精神，体现了在美国是一个充满机遇及多样化并存的国家，人们来到这里共同努力将社会改变得更好。

展馆外观

美国馆总的主题为“拥抱挑战”。为了紧跟本届世博会的主题“城市，让生活更美好”，这里所描述的挑战具体为：创造环境可持续发展的社区，保持健康的生活方式以及用科技改善人们的生活。馆内展示了美国的商业、科技、文化和价值观，希望由此加深美中两国人民的友谊。

展馆亮点

亮点一：没有对白的视觉寓言

美国馆展示了一部名为《花园》的短片，讲的是一个10岁的小女孩想要把一片废弃的空地变成一片城市绿洲，在她和邻居们的共同努力下将这个愿望变成现实的故事。这部影片是一则没有对白的视觉寓言，制作过程中使用了大量的计算机图像和四维技术处理效果，比如震动的座椅，迷雾还有闪电等。小女孩的热情和决心激励了邻居们，他们在乐观、创新与合作的精神指引下一起将破败和灰暗的城市改造成了一个美好的地方。

亮点二：三幕展示

这个环节的第一部分叫做“美国精神”，呼吁协作精神，欢庆自由、多样化、创新以及机遇共同繁荣。第二部分的主要内容是《花园》，最后一部分为“机遇和创新”，主要体现通过科技和创新技术的应用建设更多可持续发展社区这个主题。

亮点三：现场表演与多媒体

美国馆除了每天会有“舞动美国”户外表演，还会组织不同类型的演出，其中包括爵士乐、流行乐、斯卡及古典音乐、大学仪仗乐队、戏剧、舞蹈，并向美国的城市和伙伴“致敬”。

外文：USA Pavilion

Preview

Theme: Rise to the Challenge

Highlights: Gray Steel Structure

National Pavilion Day: July 2

Location: Within Zone C of the Expo Site

Pavilion Features

The USA Pavilion is a mammoth gray steel structure meant to resemble an eagle stretching its wings in welcome. The pavilion presents a dynamic and emotional story that conveys four core concepts: sustainability, teamwork, health and the spirit of striving for success. The exhibition tells

the story of the American spirit of perseverance, innovation, and community-building in a multi-dimensional, hi-tech presentation. It presents the US as a place of opportunity and diversity where people come together to change their communities for the better.

Pavilion Display

The overall theme of the pavilion is "Rise to the Challenge." In keeping with the Expo's theme of "Better City, Better Life," the challenges depicted will be creating environmentally sustainable communities, engaging in a healthy lifestyle and using technology to improve people's lives. The pavilion showcases American business and technology, as well as culture and values, to foster stronger friendship between the American and Chinese peoples.

Pavilion Highlights

Highlight 1: Visual Parable without Dialogue

The USA Pavilion features a show entitled "The Garden" - the story of a 10-year-old girl who envisages turning a vacant city lot into an urban oasis, working with her neighbors to make that happen. The movie - a visual parable without dialogue - includes plenty of computer-generated imagery and 4-D effects, like vibrating seats,

mist and lightning. The girl's passion and resolution has inspired her neighbors to work together to turn a dilapidated city into a fascinating place with the spirits of optimism, innovation and cooperation.

Highlight 2: Three Acts

The program begins with the "Spirit of America," a call to collaboration, and a celebration of freedom, diversity, innovation, and opportunity. "The Garden" is the centerpiece of the second part, while the last section is "Opportunities and Innovation," a themed area that highlights the use of technology and innovation to achieve more sustainable communities.

Highlight 3: Live Shows and Multimedia

In addition to a daily "Dance-America!" outdoor show, the USA Pavilion will stage a wide range of performances including jazz, pop, ska and classical music, university marching bands, theater and dance, and "Salutes" the American city and state partners.

中国馆

展馆主题：城市发展中的中华智慧

展馆亮点：传统斗拱建筑结构

国家馆日：10月1日

展馆位置：A片区

展馆特色

中国馆的主体结构名为“东方之冠”，该结构以迄今2000多年历史的中国传统斗拱建筑为造型。斗拱造型“榫卯穿插，层层出挑”，是中国传统建筑最为重要的元素之一。斗拱建筑广泛应用于历史上的春秋战国时期（公元前770年至公元前467年）。

展馆外观

中国馆建筑外观以“东方之冠，鼎盛中华，天下粮仓，富庶百姓”的构思主题，表达中国文化的精神与气质。展馆的顶层为核心展区，二层和一层分别为体验区和功能区。中国馆的展览将以中国从古至今在城市发展中所取得的成就为主题。

展馆亮点

亮点一：探寻“东方足迹”

通过几个风格迥异的展项，重点展示中国城市发展理念中的智慧。其中的多媒体综合展项播放的一部影片，讲述改革开放三十多年来中国自强不息的城市化经验、中国人的建设热情和对于未来的期望。国宝级名画《清明上河图》被艺术地再现于展厅中，传达中国古典城市的智慧。

亮点二：展开“寻觅之旅”。采用轨道游览车，以古今对话的方式让参观者在最短的时间内领略中国城市营建规划的智慧，完成一次充满动感、惊喜和发现的参观体验。

亮点三：聚焦“低碳行动”。关注以低碳为核心元素的中国未来城市发展，展示中国人如何通过以低碳技术为核心的可持续发展之道来应对未来的城市化挑战。

外文：China Pavilion

Preview

Theme: Chinese Wisdom in Urban Development

Highlights: Traditional Dougong Style

National Pavilion Day: October 1

Location: Within Zone A of the Expo Site

Pavilion Features

The main structure of the China Pavilion, "The Crown of the East," has a distinctive roof, made of traditional dougong （斗拱）or brackets, which date back more than 2,000 years. The dougong style features wooden brackets fixed layer upon layer between the top of a column and a crossbeam. This unique structural component of interlocking wooden brackets is one of the most important elements in traditional Chinese architecture. Dougong was widely used in the Spring and Autumn Period (770 BC-467 BC).

Pavilion Display

The contour design of the pavilion is based on the concept of "Oriental Crown, Splendid China, Ample Barn, and Rich People," to express the spirit and disposition of Chinese culture. The pavilion will have a core exhibition area on the top floor, an experience area on the second and a

functional area on the first. China's achievements in urban development from ancient to modern times will be the core theme of the pavilion.

Pavilion Highlights

Highlight 1:Exploring "Oriental Footprint"

The wisdom that the ancient Chinese used to develop cities will be showcased with programs of different styles in Section One. A video played in the multimedia exhibition will tell stories about China's vast migration from rural to urban areas over the past 30 years of reform and opening-up, people's enthusiasm for building a better city and expectations for the future. The famous picture of “Riverside Scene at Qingming Festival” will also make its appearance in the China Pavilion to illustrate the charms of ancient Chinese cities.

Highlight 3 :Focus on low-carbon future

Chinese people will tackle future challenges brought by urbanization in a sustainable way which takes low-carbon technologies as its core

Highlight 2:The Experience Trip

Excursion trains will give visitors an appreciation of the great wisdom and achievements in China's urban development from ancient to modern times.

澳大利亚馆

展馆主题：“畅想之洲”

展馆亮点：弧顶雕塑墙与红赭石色外观

国家馆日：6月8日

展馆位置：B片区

展馆特色

澳大利亚馆以弧顶雕塑墙与红赭石色外观为特色，设计灵感源自举世闻名的艾尔斯岩。展馆的红色外墙釆用特殊的耐风化钢覆层材料，这种材料在澳大利亚的城市中应用非常广泛。随着上海温度和湿度的改变，外壁的颜色会相应发生变化。

展馆外观

对所有年龄段的人来说，澳大利亚馆都是一个娱乐和放松的好去处。展馆分为三个独立而又紧密相连的展区，分别是“旅行”、“发现”和“畅享”。澳大利亚馆几乎整合了澳大利亚生活的方方面面，例如雄伟壮阔的景色、势头强劲而又充满活力的经济、丰富的文化资源、先进的技术和创新、成就显著的研究和教育、以及澳大利亚对可持续发展做出的承诺。

展馆亮点

亮点一：有趣的“旅行”

置身澳大利亚场馆，游客仿佛进行了一次体味澳大利亚社会生活的精彩旅行。第一展区

名为“旅行”，游客在这里可以将外面的拥挤抛之脑后，完全沉浸在澳大利亚历史的故事叙述中，同时观赏具有互动性、且复杂精巧的展品和图画。第二展区名为“发现”，是一个可容纳1000人的环形剧场。第三展区名为“畅享”，游客在这里将体味到澳大利亚的风光，从红色的沙漠，到青葱的北部热带雨林应有尽有。

亮点二：迷你纪录片《姐妹》

澳大利亚馆的主要展示内容之一就是系列片《姐妹》，这是一部充满深刻见解、富于感情的个人生活系列片，展示了21位来自澳大利亚和中国的女性富于启发意义的成功故事。创作的目的是展示女性的成就，凸显澳中两国女性的共同点和相似的经历。展片表现了她们致力于为社会的发展而努力，同时也表达了个人的努力可以有益于社会的理念。

亮点三：文化演出

游客可以品尝澳大利亚的美酒佳肴，观赏具有澳大利亚文化精髓特色的演出。演出还将融入多种艺术表现形式，包罗视觉艺术、剧场演出、多媒体、音乐、文学、以及电影。

外文：Australia Pavilion

Preview

Theme: ImagiNation

Highlights: Sculptured Curving Walls and a Red Ochre Exterior

National Pavilion Day: June 8

Location: Within Zone B of the Expo Site

Pavilion Features

Featuring sculptured curving walls and a red ochre exterior, the Australia Pavilion's appearance is inspired by the world-famous Ayer's Rock. The color of the pavilion's red facade is made from the use of a special kind of steel, which is commonly used in Australia cities. It will change colors responding to the temperature and humidity of Shanghai.

Pavilion Display

The pavilion is a fun and relaxed place for people of all ages. Divided into three distinct but inter-related sections labelled "Journey," "Discover" and "Enjoy," the pavilion incorporates almost every aspect of Australian life. These include spectacular landscape, a strong and vibrant economy, rich culture, technological expertise and innovation, outstanding research and education, and Australia's commitment to sustainable development.

Pavilion Highlights

Highlight 1: A Fun Journey

Australia Pavilion takes visitors on a journey of almost every aspect of Australian life. The first part called "Journey" allows visitors to leave behind the bustle of the Expo site as they are drawn into a story depicting Australia's history with interactive and sophisticated exhibits and

pictures. The second part features a 1,000-seat theatre, while with the theme of "Enjoy," the final section in the pavilion will provide visitors with a taste of some of Australia's landscape from red deserts to the lush rainforests of the tropical north.

Highlight 2: Mini-documentaries "Sisters"

"Sisters," a series of strong, emotive and personal mini- documentaries, is the heart of Australia's display. It reveals the success stories of 21 inspirational women from Australia and China. It has been designed to display the achievements of individual women, and bring to life the connections, similarities and shared stories between the two countries. These strong, emotive and personal stories demonstrate the ways Australian and Chinese women try to make the world a better place and how individual efforts can make a difference.

Highlight 3: Cultural Performances

Visitors are able to enjoy Australian food and drinks and attend cultural performances featuring the best of Australian art. A range of art forms will be incorporated, including visual arts, performance theatre, multimedia, music, literature and film.

建筑类外文文献及中文翻译

forced concrete structure reinforced with an overviewRein Since the reform and opening up, with the national economy's rapid and sustained development of a reinforced concrete structure built, reinforced with the development of technology has been great. Therefore, to promote the use of advanced technology reinforced connecting to improve project quality and speed up the pace of construction, improve labor productivity, reduce costs, and is of great significance. Reinforced steel bars connecting technologies can be divided into two broad categories linking welding machinery and steel. There are six types of welding steel welding methods, and some apply to the prefabricated plant, and some apply to the construction site, some of both apply. There are three types of machinery commonly used reinforcement linking method primarily applicable to the construction site. Ways has its own characteristics and different application, and in the continuous development and improvement. In actual production, should be based on specific conditions of work, working environment and technical requirements, the choice of suitable methods to achieve the best overall efficiency. 1、steel mechanical link 1.1 radial squeeze link Will be a steel sleeve in two sets to the highly-reinforced Department with superhigh pressure hydraulic equipment (squeeze tongs) along steel sleeve radial squeeze steel casing, in squeezing out tongs squeeze pressure role of a steel sleeve plasticity deformation closely integrated with reinforced through reinforced steel sleeve and Wang Liang's Position will be two solid steel bars linked Characteristic: Connect intensity to be high, performance reliable, can bear high stress draw and pigeonhole the load and tired load repeatedly.

独特的品牌战略【外文翻译】

外文翻译 原文 Strategies for distinctive brands Material Source: Journal of Brand Management Author:Judith Lynne Zaichkowsky ABSTRACT Brand identity complements brand equity and it forms an important part of the strategic management of brands. Identity elements include a well-known brand name, logo, font type, symbols, colour, shape, as well as unique product and benefit descriptions. These different elements can contribute to distinct consumer perceptions of various brands in the marketplace and help to differentiate brands from competitors. Brand managers need to start with a vision of what they want their brand to represent and then use the appropriate identity elements to build the brand. Some brand identity components may be influential to choice at the subconscious level of consumers, and therefore the understanding of individual psychological processes of perception and social meaning is required by brand managers. Keywords: brand equity ; brand identity ; logos ; brand names ; packaging INTRODUCTION Much literature in the area of branding has focused on brand equity and its importance to strong brands. Although everyone agrees that understanding and creating brand equity is essential for marketing, very little academic attention is paid to understanding the importance of brand identity and its relation to brand equity and brand management. Brand identity is the visual picture and meaning derived from the visual impact of the brand. For the consumer to identify brands with their respective manufacturers, the brands must be sold with distinctive features supplied by that particular manufacturer. Strong and unique links to one source is what complements and protects brands from being interchangeable in the marketplace. Brand differentiation, or identity, may be achieved through a well-known brand name, logo, typeface, symbol, colour, shape, distinctive design of the package or product, as well as product benefit descriptions known as unique selling points

毕业设计外文翻译资料

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