阅读理解主旨大意题

阅读理解

——主旨大意

一．考情分析

考察主旨大意的题量在这十年中相对稳定，一般来说每套试题有1到2个小题，但近两年从考察形式上由原来的简单的主旨归纳变得综合性越来越强，所以对学生的要求也越来越高。

二、设问方式

1. main idea / mainly about

2. best title

3. What can we learn from the first / second paragragh ?

三、呈现方式

1. 开门见山式——主题句出现在文首

eg: 2007. (50) 2008.(50)

2. 藏头露尾式——主题句出现在文尾

eg： 2010. （49）

3. 首尾呼应式——开头提出主题句，结尾再进一步明确主题。

eg : 2014 .(55) 2006 .(55)

4. 藏龙卧虎式——没有明确的主题句，需弄清各个段落在逻辑上的联系，寻找共同点。

eg : 2009. (55) 2011.(55) 2015. (55)

四、小结

五、作业

例1（2008陕西）You are going to high school, aren't you? Maybe you don't know what to do. Well, here's a list of the top six things to do when you are in high school. These things will give you ideas of what your high school life could be like. Here you go!

① Find your passion (激情) and what kind of person you are: Whether it's dance, basketball, or drawing, the important thing is that you have found something you are interested in.

② Talk to people you wouldn't usually talk to: meet new people, find new friends and even talk to people you don't like. It will show what a great person you are. You never know what will happen after high school.

③ Take part in at least one contest (竞赛): This will give you tears of laughter, happiness and memories.

④ Get a job: This will help you see what it's like to have responsibility (责任). It can also help you make a little money to spend on yourself.

⑤ Take a trip with your friends: It doesn't matter where you go or what you do, the memories will happen on the way and go on till the final place.

⑥ Do your best at school: Don't ever get lazy; working hard now will help you in the future.

50. What's the main idea of the passage?

A. Have a happy school life.

B. How to get along with your schoolmates.

C. Ideas of successful high school life.

D. Make sure your school life easy.

例2 （2010陕西）Are you going to high school to go on with your study? What

will you do if you can't? Don't worry. Vocational (职业的) schools are open for you because our country is in need of people with special skills.

Compared with common high schools, vocational schools have more advantages. Firstly, in order to promote (促进) the development of vocational education, our country spends a lot of money on it. So you need to pay only a small part of the school fee (学费). Secondly, in here you have already started learning practical skills that you can use all your life. But some other students may still worry about how to spend the long three years at high schools. Why? Because they didn't choose the school that suits (适合) them. And finally, when they are still wondering where to go, you are already able to live on your own hands proudly. And perhaps it won't be long before you are on the road to success.

People take different roads because they have different potentials (潜力). So different students should choose different schools. Go to high school if you think that you can go farther on that road. Choose a key high school if you are lucky enough to have the chance. Enter a vocational school if you are interested in the lessons there and you are better at making things with your hands.

In a word, think carefully and see what kind of person you are. Remember, always choose things that suit you.

49. What can we learn from the passage?

A. People should take the same road.

B. Key high school students must be good at making things.

C. Clever students are better at using their hands.

D. We should choose things that suit us.

例3（2014陕西）Are you going to high school to go on with your study? What will

you do if you can't? Don't worry. Vocational (职业的) schools are open for you because our country is in need of people with special skills.

Compared with common high schools, vocational schools have more advantages. Firstly, in order to promote (促进) the development of vocational education, our

country spends a lot of money on it. So you need to pay only a small part of the school fee (学费). Secondly, in here you have already started learning practical skills that you can use all your life. But some other students may still worry about how to spend the long three years at high schools. Why? Because they didn't choose the school that suits (适合) them. And finally, when they are still wondering where to go, you are already able to live on your own hands proudly. And perhaps it won't be long before you are on the road to success.

People take different roads because they have different potentials (潜力). So different students should choose different schools. Go to high school if you think that you can go farther on that road. Choose a key high school if you are lucky enough to have the chance. Enter a vocational school if you are interested in the lessons there and you are better at making things with your hands.

In a word, think carefully and see what kind of person you are. Remember, always choose things that suit you.

49. What can we learn from the passage?

A. People should take the same road.

B. Key high school students must be good at making things.

C. Clever students are better at using their hands.

D. We should choose things that suit us.

例4（2015陕西）The eagle has the longest life of its group. It can reach up to 70 years. But to reach this age, the eagle must make a hard and

painful decision.

When an eagle reaches near 40, its short sharp beak becomes

bent（弯曲的）. Its long and once flexible（灵活的） talons

can no longer catch animals or birds for food. And its old and

heavy wings with thick feathers on its body make it difficult to fly.

Then, the eagle has only tow choices: to die or to go through a

painful time of change which needs five months.

When the eagle feels weak and is about to die, it goes to a

place far away on the top of a mountain and sits on a nest. For a new life, the eagle knocks its beak against a rock until it pulls its beak out. After pulling it out, the eagle waits for a new beak to grow. And then it pulls out its talons and old feathers. It takes the eagle five months to complete its change and get a new life. We can call it its rebirth. So it can live for 30 more years.

Like the eagle, we human beings sometimes need to make some change to get out of our difficulty. In miserable condition, we have to change our ways of life. The changing may be very painful. But sometimes we have to throw off our old habits, memories and traditions. We can't go on with all our past burdens（重负）.

55.The best title for the passage can be" ".

A.The death of the eagle

B. The living period of the eagle

C. A good and easy decision

D. Rebirth of the eagle

Exercises：

A

Being safe in your everyday life needs knowledge (知识). If you remember the following information, your life will be much safer.

●Always notice the environment around you. You shouldn't walk alone outside. Make sure where the public phones are. If anything dangerous happens, you can find them easily.

● Your bag should be carried towards the front of your body instead of putting it on your back. When a bus is full of people, it is easy enough for a thief to take away the things in the bag on your back.

● If you are followed by someone you don't know, cross the street and go to the other way, let the person understand that you know he or she is after you. Next, don't go home at once. You are safer in the street than you are alone in your home or in a lift (电梯).

● If you have to take a bus to a place far away, try to get to the stop a few minutes earlier before the bus leaves. This stops other people from studying you. On the bus,

don't sit alone. Sit behind the driver or with other people. Don't sleep.

50. What can you learn from the text?

A. How to notice the environment around you.

B. How to be safe in your everyday life.

C. How to cross the street.

D. How to use the public phones.

B

Round eyes, round head, round ears, round body! What is this lovely little animal?

He looks like a bear. But he is not a bear. He' s a KOALA.

People in Australia love koalas and take care of them. They have set up places for them to live safely. No one can kill them for their pretty fur(毛皮)? When a koala is born, he has no fur. And he is not as big as your little toe(脚趾)! The mother koala has a pocket in the front of her body. The baby goes into this warm pocket. There he stays for six months.

The koala could not live without a special kind of tree. The tree gives him both his home and his food. For most of the day the koala sleeps in the tree.

At night the koala looks for food. He may go miles to find it He likes only the bark (树皮) and the leaves of the tree. He eats nothing else. And he eats more than two pounds each night!

How lovely the koalas really are!

55. What is the text mainly about?

A. How people in Australia protect koalas.

B. Lovely koalas in Australia.

C. Koalas cannot live without a special kind of tree.

D. The way mother koalas take car

C

We moved to a new area when our son was in Grade Five. Before we moved, we took him to spend half a day at his new school. There he saw his new classmates and teachers. He enjoyed the visit. During the almost 150-kilometer drive home, he told us that he had told some of the students the date when we would move there. And he had also invited them to visit us.

The moving day, a Saturday, was a busy day. But we arrived at our new house at noon. About an hour later, kids began to come and soon one of them invited our son to his house to play for the afternoon.

By the time he returned, he knew where most of the kids lived and all of their family histories.

On Monday morning, the door bell rang just before the time he would leave for school. Then it rang again and again.

By the time he was ready, we had eight young boys waiting to walk to school with him on his first day. They all lived near us.

I asked them if their parents had sent them. The answers surprised and pleased me, "No, we just came so that he would have people to walk with."and "It is the right thing to do."

The startings of lasting (持续的) friendships were formed(形成) that day. We have lived here nearly six years and the same group of kids still plays together, goes to parties on weekends together, and surfs together.

I still get thinking how welcoming and kind those kids were. And how lucky my son is to have them as friends!

55. The passage shows us that_______.

A. it's easy to move to a new place

B. it's kind of people to help a new comer

C. it's difficult to make new friends

D. it's better to live in the same place

D

How do you pay for things？Do you usually use cash(现金), or do you like to

pay by credit card(信用卡)? If you are like a lot of people, you probably have at least one credit card. Also, you might use it more often than you probably should.

Credit card first became popular in the 1920s. At that time, businesses, such as hotels and companies, gave credit cards to their best customers(顾客). Unlike today's credit cards, customers could only use these cards at the store or business that gave out the card. Customers had to pay for the things in full. They couldn't pay for something a little at a time.

In 1950s, a businessman named McNamara started a credit card company —Diners Club. Unlike earlier credit cards, this card is could be used by customers at many restaurants, Customers liked the card because they didn't have to carry a lot of cash with them. Restaurant owners liked the card, too. Why they found out that customers usually spent more money when they could pay by credit card.

In its first year of business, Diners Club issued 200 cards. The customers who got the cards from the Diners Club could use them at 27 different restaurants. Today, Diners Club has about 8 million customers, and they can use their cards in over 7.6 million businesses in more than 200 countries.

55. This passage is mainly about .

A. part of the development of credit cards

B. how to use cash

C. the number of people who use credit cards in the world

D. how credit cards help businessmen

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Don’t give up your whole garden just for an attractive rose. 一、主旨大意题型特点： 主旨大意题要求在理解全文后________________，____________或者是_________，考查考生的归纳总结能力。这类题需要______________，抓住文章的______和_____，同时兼顾________以及文章出现的________。此类试题通常以概括中心、揭示主题、选择标题等形式出现。 查找主旨、标题时，我们要学习识别文章中__________________的信息，这种信息应能归纳和概括文中其它信息所具有的______。做主旨大意题时，应采用_______的方式，跳过生僻词，抓住________和_______，快而准地把握文章主旨。 【例1】Choose the most general word. A. Chemist B. Physicist C. Scientist D. Biologist 【例2】Choose the most general sentence. A. The hotel offers complimentary coffee from 7 to 10 . daily. B. There are many reasons why guests feel at home at the Glorietta Bay Inn. C. The coin-operated laundry room has an ironing board. D. There are a number of extra services at the Glorietta Bay Inn including baby-sitting. 【例3】Choose the title that best expresses the idea of the paragraph. There is a simple economic principle used to determine prices. It is called the law of supply and demand. Supply means the amount of, or access to, certain goods. Demand represents the number of people who want those goods. If there are more goods than wanted, the price of them falls. On the other hand, if the demand for those goods is much greater than the supply, then price rises. Of course manufacturers prefer to sell more goods at increased prices. A. Economic Principle B. Law of Supply and Demand C. More Goods, Lower Prices D. Fewer Goods, Higher Prices 二、主旨大意题题干形式： 1. ________________________ (main idea): (1) The main idea of the passage is… (2) The passage is mainly about… (3) The passage is mainly discussed… (4) Which of the following statements best expresses the main idea of the passage? (5) What is the passage mainly about? 2. _________________________ (title): (6) The best title for the passage might be… (7) Which of the following can be the best title for the passage? 三、主题句的特点： 1. 主题句与文体体裁之间的关系：议论文和说明文一般有主题句，且一般位于______； 而记叙文一般没有主题句； 2. 段落主题句一般位于_____________； 3. 主题句所表达的意思具有_______和________；句子________单, 一般不会采用长句 或结构复杂的句子；

(完整word版)高考英语阅读理解专题三—主旨大意题

2016年高考英语阅读理解指导三——主旨大意题 Don’t give up your whole garden just for an attractive rose. 一、主旨大意题型特点： 主旨大意题要求在理解全文后________________，____________或者是_________，考查考生的归纳总结能力。这类题需要______________，抓住文章的______和_____，同时兼顾________以及文章出现的________。此类试题通常以概括中心、揭示主题、选择标题等形式出现。 查找主旨、标题时，我们要学习识别文章中__________________的信息，这种信息应能归纳和概括文中其它信息所具有的______。做主旨大意题时，应采用_______的方式，跳过生僻词，抓住________和_______，快而准地把握文章主旨。 【例1】Choose the most general word. A. Chemist B. Physicist C. Scientist D. Biologist 【例2】Choose the most general sentence. A. The hotel offers complimentary coffee from 7 to 10 a.m. daily. B. There are many reasons why guests feel at home at the Glorietta Bay Inn. C. The coin-operated laundry room has an ironing board. D. There are a number of extra services at the Glorietta Bay Inn including baby-sitting. 【例3】Choose the title that best expresses the idea of the paragraph. There is a simple economic principle used to determine prices. It is called the law of supply and demand. Supply means the amount of, or access to, certain goods. Demand represents the number of people who want those goods. If there are more goods than wanted, the price of them falls. On the other hand, if the demand for those goods is much greater than the supply, then price rises. Of course manufacturers prefer to sell more goods at increased prices. A. Economic Principle B. Law of Supply and Demand C. More Goods, Lower Prices D. Fewer Goods, Higher Prices 二、主旨大意题题干形式： 1. ________________________ (main idea): (1) The main idea of the passage is… (2) The passage is mainly about… (3) The passage is mainly discussed… (4) Which of the following statements best expresses the main idea of the passage? (5) What is the passage mainly about? 2. _________________________ (title): (6) The best title for the passage might be… (7) Which of the following can be the best title for the passage? 三、主题句的特点： 1. 主题句与文体体裁之间的关系：议论文和说明文一般有主题句，且一般位于______； 而记叙文一般没有主题句； 2. 段落主题句一般位于_____________； 3. 主题句所表达的意思具有_______和________；句子________单, 一般不会采用长句 或结构复杂的句子； 4. 文章或段落的其他句子都是对主题句的进一步________________________。

阅读理解中主旨大意-文章大意题考查解读

二轮复习阅读理解中主旨大意文章大意题考查解读 【题型解读】 说明文、记叙文、议论文三种文体涉及的多种话题如社会文化类、人物故事类、科普说明类，都会考查文章大意类题。设问形式常有：(1)What is the main theme/topic/idea of this/the passage/the text? (2)What does the text/passage mainly focus on? (3)The passage is mainly about . (4)The general/main idea of the passage is . (5)The passage mainly focuses on . 解题技巧——“主题句定位”寻主旨 文章是由段落组成的。段落的主题就是段落的中心思想，具体段落的中心思想又是为文章整体中心思想服务的。理解整篇文章的中心思想的方法是建立在理解具体段落中心的基础上的。找出每小段的主题句，各段的主题句常在该段的首句或尾句，各段主题句的整体归纳便是文章的中心思想。有的文章无明显主题句，主题句隐含在段意之中，这就需要进一步加工概括。观察全文的结构安排，理解文章的“重心”和支撑性细节。 主题句的位置一般有以下几种： (1)主题句出现在文首。开门见山，提出主题，用细节来解释或拓展主题句所表达的主题思想，是最常见的演绎法写作方式。新闻报道、说明文或议论文通常采用这种写法。 (2)主题句出现在文末。在表述细节后，归纳要点以概括主题，是最常见的归纳法写作方式。

(3)主题句首尾呼应。为突出主题，作者先提出主题，结束时再次点出主题。 (4)主题句出现在中间。写作方式为：细节描述——归纳主题——进一步解释。 以下是找主题句的四个小窍门： 1．段落中出现表示转折的词语(如however，but，in fact，actually 等)时，该句很可能是主题句。 2．首段出现疑问句时，对该问题的回答很可能就是文章主旨。 3．作者有意识地重复的观点，通常是主旨；反复出现的词语，一般为体现文章主旨的关键词。 4．表示总结或结论的句子常包含therefore，thus，in short，conclude，conclusion等词。 例如：【真题感悟】中第39题，通读全文可知，作者在讲述自己跑马拉松的经历，再根据最后一段“Dete rmined to be myself，move forward，free of shame and worldly labels(世俗标签)，I can now call myself a ‘marathon winner’．”可知，作者成功跑完马拉松源于自己的强大意志力。故选B。

高考复习——阅读理解之主旨大意题

高考复习——阅读理解之主旨大意题 （一） With the development of science and technology, new inventions, especially new electronic products, have made people's lives easy and convenient. But as the saying puts: A coin has two sides. One day, I was walking in the park with a friend and his cell phone rang, interrupting our conversation. There we were, walking and talking on a beautiful sunny day and…I became invisible, absent from the conversation. The telephone used to connect you to the absent. Now it makes people sitting next to you feel absent. Why is it that the more connected we get, the more disconnected I feel? Every advance in communications technology is a tragedy to the closeness of human interaction. With email and instant messaging over the Internet, we can now communicate without seeing or talking to one another. With voice mail, you can conduct entire conversations without ever reaching anyone. If my mom has a question, I just leave the answer on her machine. As almost every contact we can imagine between human beings gets automated, the alienation(疏远) index goes up. You can't even call a person to get the phone number of another person any more. Directory assistance is almost always fully automated. Pumping petrol at the station? Why say good morning to the attendant when you can swipe(刷)your credit card at the pump and save yourself the bother of human contact? Making a deposit at the bank? Why talk to a teller who might live in the neighborhood when you can just insert your card into ATM? Pretty soon you won't have the burden of making eye contact at the grocery shop. Some supermarket chains are using a self-scanner so you can check yourself out, avoiding those check-out people who look at you and ask how you are doing. I am not against modern technology. I own a cell phone, an ATM card, a voice mail system, and an email account. Giving them up isn't wise…they're a great help to us. It's some of their possible consequences that make me feel uneasy. More and more, I find myself hiding behind e-mail to do a job meant for conversation. Or being relieved that voice mail picked up a call because I didn't really have time to talk. The communications industry devoted to helping me keep in touch is making me lonelier. So I've put myself on technology restriction: no instant messaging, with people who live near me，no cell phoning in the presence of friends, no letting the voice mail pick up when I'm at home. （1）Which of the following would be the best title of the passage? A. The Advance of Communications Technology B. The Consequences of Modern Technology C. The Process of Communications Revolution D. The Automation of Modern Communications （2）Paragraphs 5 to 7 are listed as examples, which show that the use of modern communications is________. A. encouraging B. disappointing C. satisfying D. embarrassing （3）The passage implies that ____________. A. modern technology is bridging the people B. modern technology is separating the people