高中英语语法专题精讲精练-动名词

动名词

定义：动名词是动词的一种非限定形式，兼有动词和名词的特征，它可以带宾语，也能被状语修饰。动名词接宾语或状语构成动名词短语。动名词有时态和语态的变化。

基本形式：由动词原形家词尾-ing构成，与现在分词形式相同。动名词已经名词化了，而现在分词常表示动作或状态。如：a sleeping chair 躺/睡椅（动名词，表用途） a sleeping child 正在睡觉的孩子（现在分词，表状态）

一、动名词的句法功能

动名词具有名词的性质，因此在句中可以作主语、表语、宾语、定语等。

1、作主语

1）直接位于句首做主语。

Reading is an art. 读书是一种艺术。

Climbing mountains is really fun. 爬山真是有趣。

Working in these conditions is not a pleasure but a suffering. 在这种工作条件下工作不是一件愉快的事而是一件痛苦的事。

注意：动名词做主语时，谓语动词为单数

2）用it 作形式主语，把动名词(真实主语)置于句尾作后置主语。

It is no use/no good crying over spilt milk. 覆水难收

It is a waste of time persuading such a person to join us. 劝说这样的人加入真是浪费时间。

It was hard getting on the crowded street car. 上这种拥挤的车真难。

It is fun playing with children. 和孩子们一起玩真好。

这种用法在习惯句型中常用，常用句型：

It is + no use/no good/useless/senseless/fun/enjoyable/tiring/interesting/foolish/nice/a waste of time/a plessure… + v.ing

注意：important，essential，necessary 等形容词后面不用动名词（常用不定式）。

3）用于“There be”结构中。

There is no saying when he'll come.很难说他何时回来。

There is no joking about such matters. 对这种事情不是开玩笑。

There is no holding back the wheel of history. 历史的车轮不可阻挡。

常用句型：There is no + v.ing = It is impossible to do …

注意：在“There be”句型中，只能用动名词，而不能用不定式作主语。

4）用于布告形式的省略结构中。

No smoking ( =No smoking is allowed (here) ). 禁止吸烟。

No parking. 禁止停车。

5）动名词的复合结构作主语

当动名词有自己的逻辑主语时，常可以在前面加上一个物主代词或名词所有格，构成动名词的复合结构。动名词的复合结构也可以在句中作主语。例如：

Their coming to help was a great encouragement to us. 他们前来帮忙对我们来说是极大的鼓舞。Lao Li?s going there won?t be of much help. 老李去不会有多大帮助。

2、作宾语

（1）作动词的宾语

*某些动词后出现非限定性动词时只能用动名词作宾语，不能用不定式。常见的此类动词有：advise, suggest, allow, permit, avoid, consider, enjoy, finish, cannot help, imagine, include, keep, keep on, mind, miss, delay, practise, resist, postpone(推迟)，deny(否认), appreciate (欣赏，感激),

escape, excuse, pardon, can?t stand, put off, give up等。如：

Would you mind opening the window?吧窗户打开好吗？

She suggested going to the Great Wall for the spring outing. 她建议去长城春游。

Seeing the picture, he couldn?t help laughing. 看了这幅画，他禁不住大笑起来。

Mark often attempts to escape being fined whenever he breaks traffic regulations.

每当马克违反交通规则时，他常常企图逃避罚款的处分。

*在下面这种结构中也可以用动名词（短语）做宾语：find/think/consider… + it（形式宾语）+ no use/no good/useless… + v.ing（真正宾语）.

I found it pleasant walking along the seashore. 在海滩上走真是乐事。

Do you consider it any good trying again? 你认为再试一次有好处吗？

*形容词worth后也可接动名词，作为复合谓语的宾语。

The music is well worth listening to more than once. 这种曲子很值得多听几遍。

（2）作介词的宾语

*能接动名词的短语有：think of/about, dream of/about, hear of, prevent/keep/stop…from…, depend on, set about, succeed (in), worry about, burst out, insist on, be/get used to, devote…to…, lo ok forward to, pay attention to, get down to, be good at, do well in, be fond of, be interested in, be tired of, be afraid of, spend…(in), feel like, prefer…to…, instead of, in case of等等。

We are thinking of making a new plan for the next term. 我们正考虑为下学期制定新的计划。Shall we have a rest or get down to doing our work? 我们休息呢还是开始干活？

Ann has been looking forward to coming to China for a long time. 安好久以来就盼望着来中国。*在下面的结构中，介词in常可省略：

（1）S + have + trouble/difficulty/problems/fun/a struggle/ a good time/a hard time + (in) +v.ing （2）S + speng time/money + (in) +V.ing

（3）S + be busy + (in) +V.ing

（4）S + lose no time + (in) +V.ing （立即……）

We are busy (in) preparing for the coming sports meet. 我们正为马上到来的运动会忙着做准备。Do you have any difficulty (in) understanding spoken English? 要听懂英语口语你有困难吗？

3、作表语

动名词作表语时句子主语常是表示无生命的事物的名词或what引导的名词性从句。表语动名词与主语通常是对等的关系，表示主语的内容，主语、表语可互换位置。

Your task is cleaning the windows. 你的任务就是擦窗户。(Cleaning the windows is your task.) What I hate most is being laughed at. 我最痛恨的就是被别人嘲笑。(Being laughed at is what I hate most.)

4、作定语

动名词作定语往往表示被修饰词的某种用途。如：

a walking stick ＝a stick for walking=a stick which is used for walking

a washing machine=a machine for washing=a machine which is used for washing

a reading room=a room for reading=a room which is used for reading

sleeping pills=pills for sleeping=pills which is used for sleeping

二、动名词的复合结构

带有逻辑主语的动名词称为动名词的复合结构。当动名词的逻辑主语与句子的主语不一致时，要在动名词之前加上物主代词或名词所有格，这便构成了动名词的复合结构。其中物主代词（名词所有格）是逻辑上的主语，动名词是逻辑上的谓语。动名词复合结构在句中可作主语、宾语、表语等，分别相当于一个主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句。如：

Her coming to help encouraged all of us. 他来帮忙鼓舞了我们所有人。(=That she came to help encouraged all of us.)

Jane?s being careless caused so much trouble. 简的粗心惹来了不少麻烦。(=That Jane was careless caused so much trouble.)

What?s troubling them is their not having enough food. 烦扰他们的是食物不足。(=What?s troubling them is that they have not enough food.)

在口语中，如果动名词复合结构作宾语，其中的物主代词常用人称代词宾格，名词所有格常用名词普通格来代替，但在句首作主语时不能这样来代替。如：

Would you mind my/me using your computer? 用下你的电脑介意吗？

The father insisted on his son?s/his son going to college. 爸爸坚决要求儿子上大学。

Ma ry?s (不可用Mary) being ill made her mother upset. 玛丽病了，使她妈妈很着急。

His (不可用Him)smoking made his family angry. 他抽烟使他一家人非常生气。

例：I would appreciate_______ back this afternoon.

A．you to call B．you call C．you calling D．you?re calling

（Key：C；换成your calling也对）

在下列情况下动名词的逻辑主语必须用名词的普通格或人称代词宾语：

a.无命名词

The baby was made awake by the door suddenly shutting. 这个婴儿被猛烈的关门声吵醒。

b. 有生命名词但表示泛指意义

Have you ever heard of women practising boxing? 你听说过妇女练拳击吗？

c. 两个以上的有生命名词并列

Do you remember your parents and me telling about this? 你记得你父母和我都告诉过你这事吗？

三、动名词的时态和语态

动名词的时态和语态如下：

主动语态、被动语态、

一般式doing being done

完成式having done having been done

（一）时态

1、动名词一般式：表示的动作通常是一般性动作，即不是明确地发生在过去、现在或将来的动作，或是与谓语动词所表示的动作同时或之后发生的动作。

I hate talking with such people. 我讨厌与这样的人说话。

Being careless is not a good habit. 粗心不是一个好习惯。

2、动名词的完成式：表示的动作发生在谓语动词动作之前。

I don?t remember having met him before. 我记不得以前见过他。

Thank you for having taking so much trouble to help. 谢谢你费力帮忙。

He denied having taken any money from the cash register. 他否认从现金出纳机里拿了钱。（二）语态

动名词的逻辑主语同时也是动名词动作的承受者，动名词用被动语态。

（1）它的一般式表示的动作与谓语动词动作同时发生，或在其后发生。如：

I don?t like being laughed at in public. 在公共场合下，我不喜欢被别人嘲笑。

He came in without being asked. 没有谁请他进来他自己进来了。

（2）它的完成式表示的动作发生在谓语动词之前。如：

I am very pleased at your having been honoured with a medal. 我很高兴你能获得这样的奖牌。

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Getting up early is a good habit. To get up early this morning made me sleepy. ②动名词作主语，有时用it作形式主语，把动名词置于句末。 It is no use/ good doing...(做。。。没有用); It is fun doing... (做。。。很有趣); It is a waste of time doing... (做。。。是浪费时间) 等句型中。 例如：It’s no use crying over spilt milk.(覆水难收） It is fun playing with children. 和孩子们一起玩真好。 It is a waste of time persuading such a person to join us. 说服这样一个人加入我们当中来是浪费时间。 2. 作宾语 ①作某些及物动词的宾语 常见的动词有：advise，avoid，delay，escape，excuse，enjoy，consider，finish，deny，fancy，keep，mind（在乎）postpone，pardon，practise，suggest，imagine等。 need，want，require后接动名词，表示被动意义。 如：Would you mind opening the door？请你把门打开好吗？ Fancy meeting you here. 真想不到在这里遇见你。 ②作介词的宾语 He left without saying good-bye to us. 他没有和我们道别就离开了。 On arriving at the airport，I saw my mother standing in the

高中英语语法精讲精练

高中英语语法精讲精练

高中英语语法精讲精练 (一) 倒装句与强调结构 (2) (二) 定语从句 (8) (三) 分词与动名词 (13) (四) 动词不定式 (19) (五) 情态动词 (25) (六) 虚拟语气 (31) (八) 名词性从句和状语从句 (37) (九)冠词、名词 (43) (十)代词、形容词和副词 (49) 答案 (55) 17

(一) 倒装句与强调结构 1._______ smoking, he would not have got cancer in the lung. A. Was he given up B. Had he given up C. Did he give up D. If he gave up 2. Only when he had done it _______ that he had made a mistake. A. he then realized B. did he realize C. before D. he realized 3. Not until he got off the bus ______ that he had got his wallet stolen. A. he found B. did he find C. he had found D. had he found 4. Hardly ______ when it started raining. 17

A. the game had begun B. the game began C. did the game begin D. had the game begun 5. Nowhere else in the world _____ more friendly people than in China. A. you will find B. can you be able to find C. you may have found D. can you find 6. ______ did the students realize they were mistaken. A. It was until B. It was not until then C. Not until then D. Not until 7. Not only ______ a promise, but he also kept it. 17

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He suggested taking my daughter to the zoo the next Sunday. 他建议下个星期天带我女儿去动物园。 B. 动词-ing形式的完成式 动词的-ing形式的完成式表示一个已完成的动作，这个动作发生或完成在谓语动词表示的动作之前。 Having lived in this city for three years, she knows it very well. 在这个城市生活了3年，她对这里已很熟悉。 I really regretted having missed such an exciting lecture. 错过了这么振奋人心的演讲，我真的很遗憾。 注意： 在现代英语中，作宾语的-ing形式的完成式可用一般式来代替。 I really regretted missing such an exciting lecture. 错过了这么振奋人心的演讲，我真的很遗憾。(=I really regretted having missed such an exciting lecture.) We remembered seeing the film. 我们记得看过这部电影。(=We remembered having seen the film. ) C. 动词-ing形式的被动形式 动词的-ing形式的被动形式表示它的逻辑主语是-ing形式表示的动作的承受者。 1．一般式的被动形式 The question being discussed is very important. 正在讨论的问

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一、一 般现在时：动词原形或第三人称单数 1．构成：使用动词原形，第三人称单数须有变化。 （1）直接加“s”：work→works，take→takes （2）以辅音加“y”结尾，变“y”为“i”，再加“es”：car ry→carries （3）以“o, s, x, ch, sh”结尾的动词加“es”：go→goes，dress→dresses，watch→watches， finish→finishes

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