考博英语阅读理解一

考博英语阅读理解一

考博英语阅读理解一

Passage 3

In science, a theory is a reasonable explanation of observed events that are related. A the-ory often involves an imaginary model that helps scientists picture the way an observed event could be produced. A good example of this is found in the kinetic molecular theory, in which gases are pictured as being made up of many small particles that are in constant motion.

A useful theory, in addition to explaining past observations, helps to predict events that have not as yet been observed. After a theory has been publicized, scientists design experi-merits to test the theory. If observations confirm the scientists' predictions, the theory is sup-ported. If observations do not confirm the predictions, the scientists must search further. There may be a fault in the experiment, or the theory may have to be revised or rejected.

Science involves imagination and creative thinking as well as collecting information and performing experiments. Facts by themselves are not science. As the mathematician Jules Henri Poincare said: "Science is built with facts

just as a house is built with bricks, but a collection of facts cannot be called science any more than a pile of bricks can be called a house."

Most scientists start an investigation by finding out what other scientists have learned about a particular problem. After known facts have been gathered, the

scientist comes to the part of the investigation that requires considerable imagination. Possible solutions to the problem are

formulated. These possible solutions are called hypotheses.

In a way, any hypothesis is a leap into the unknown. It extends the scientist's thinking beyond the known facts. The scientist plans experiments, performs calculations, and makes ob-servations to test hypotheses. For without hypotheses, further investigation lacks purpose and direction. When hypotheses are confirmed, they are

incorporated into theories.

11. The word "this" in the 3rd sentence in paragraph 1 refers to ______.

A) a good example

B) an imaginary model

C) the kinetic molecular theory

D) an observed event

12. Bricks are mentioned in the 3rd paragraph to indicate how ____.

A) mathematicians approach science

B) building a house is like performing experiments

C) science is more than a collection of facts

D) scientific experiments have led to improved technology

13. In the last paragraph, the author refers to a hypothesis as "a leap into the unknown" in or- der to show that hypotheses ______.

A) are sometimes ill-conceived

B) can lead to dangerous results

C) go beyond available facts

D) require effort to formulate

14. What is a major function of hypotheses as implied in the last paragraph7

A) Sifting through known facts.

B) Communicating a scientist's thoughts to others.

C) Providing direction for scientific research.

D) Linking together different theories.

15. Which of the following statements is supported by the passage?

A) Theories are simply imaginary models of past events.

B) It is better to revise a hypothesis than to reject it.

C) A scientist's most difficult task is testing hypotheses.

D) A good scientist needs to be creative.

16. The passage is organized by ___

A) listing and discussing several educational problems

B) contrasting the meanings of two related concepts

C) narrating a story about excellent teachers

D) giving examples of different kinds of schools

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【每日一篇】华慧考博英语:考博英语作文优秀范文100篇（5） 如此快速提升考博英语的写作能力？华慧考博老师告诉你——多背考博英语作文范文，多掌握一些考博英语作文范文中的优秀长句。这对于一名作文小白来说是最快速地提升考博英语作文写作能力的途径。自今天起，华慧考博小编将为广大考博考生们每天提供一篇考博英语作文的范文来给考生做为参考和背诵。（范文如有瑕疵，请考生们谅解！） 华慧考博英语作文范文第五篇： 【题干】 Some people prefer to live in a small town. Others prefer to live in a big city. Which place would you prefer to live in? Use specific reasons and details to support your answer. 【正文】 People seldom agree with each other even in such trivial issues as preference between a big city and a small town. It's a little bit haste to say that it is better to live in a big city than to live in a small town, or vice versus. Living in a big city has several benefits. First, there're more job opportunities readily available in big cities than in a small town. Furthermore, not merely there are more job positions in big cities, the qualities of the position are much higher as well. In addition, the pay is more decent. Second, children are supposed to be able to receive an education with a higher quality compared with their counterparts who live in a small town. For families, children's education is always put in the first place. Finally, living in a big city has a superior overall living standard to that in a small town. There are more commodities and services in city markets; there are more public utilities available in big cities; there are even much more television channels in big cities. However, living in a small town also has some advantages. People who live in a small town often have a much comfortable life style. Most of them are immune from suffering of high working stress. Although the average pay is much less than that of big cities, the price of daily necessities, such as vegetables or meat, is usually more inexpensive. Instead of suffering loneliness which is prevalent in big cities, children might grow up more healthily because of harmonious relationship among residents in small town. People in a small town do not have to get up so early in the morning because there has been no traffic jam, and no body drive so fast in a small town as to cause accidents. They might have fewer channels in television, but they have more friends readily available to chat or entertain with. According to my current situation, although I am longing for the cozy atmosphere and relationship among neighbors and friends which almost only exist in big cities, I have chosen to live in one of the biggest cities in my country --- Beijing, since I have found a pretty good job here, and a decent pay. I think I would prefer living a small town when I get retired one day.