金融专业英语及翻译

Opposite指“位置、方向、地位、性质、意义等对立的、相反的”, 如:

如: “True” and “ false ” have opposite meanings.

“真”与“假”有着相反的意思。

Contrary指“两物朝相反的方向发展”, 含有“互相冲突, 不一致”的意思, 如: Your plan is contrary to mine.

你的计划与我的相反。

Inverse 颠倒的；倒数的

Evil is the inverse of good.

Reverse 反过来，翻转

He reversed the car.

他倒车.

教育类

素质教育 education for all-round development

应试教育 the examination-oriented education

义务教育 compulsory education

片面追求升学率 place undue emphasis on the proportion of students' entering school of a higher level

高分低能 good scores but low qualities

扩招 expand enrollment

教书育人 impart knowledge and educate people

因材施教 teach students according to their aptitude

提高身心素质 improve the health and psychological quality

大学生创业 the university students' innovative undertaking

社会实践 social practice

文凭 diplomas and certificates

复合型人才 interdisciplinary talents

文化底蕴 the rich cultural deposits

适应社会的改变 adjust to the social changes

满足社会的急需 meet the urgent needs the society

工作类

人才流动和双向选择 talent flow and a dual-way selection

试用期 probationary period

跳槽 job-hopping

自由职业 freelance work

拜金主义 money worship

获得名利 achieve fame and wealth

充分发挥个人的潜力 develop fully one's potential and creativity

工作出色 excel in one's work

社会和个人的尊重 social and personal esteem

生计问题 a bread and butter issue

人才交流 talents exchange

培养人才 cultivate talents

人才外流 brain drain

失业问题 unemployment problems

下岗职工 the laid-off workers

自谋生路 be self-employed

劳动力短缺 shortage of manpower

医药卫生类

卫生环境 sanitary environment

营养不良 malnutrition

杀虫剂 pesticide

传染病 infectious disease

呼吸疾病 respiratory disease

商业类

假冒伪劣 forged and fake commodities

物美价廉 goods with high qualities low price

售后服务 after-sale service

家用电器 household electrical appliances

旺季 during peak selling seasons

促销 promote sales

提高购买力 raise the purchasing power

刺激购物欲 stimulate the desire to buy

超前消费 premature consumption

国有企业 state-owned enterprise

私人企业 private enterprise

偷税漏税 tax evasion

保持时常良好的秩序 keep market in good order

垄断市场 monopolize the market

社会道德类

遵守公德 comply with public morality

物质和精神文明建设 material and ideological progress

守法 observe/obey the law

遵守交规 observe traffic regulations

改进社会风气 improve public morals

违法 offend against the law

侵犯个人隐私 invasion of privacy

违反公共规章 break/violate public regulations

扰乱治安 disturb the social order

要求索赔 claim compensation

应该受法律严惩 deserve to be punished heavily by the law

环保类

生态系统 ecosystem

环保意识 environmental awareness

生态失衡 disruption of ecological balance

全球变暖 global warming

温室效应 greenhouse effect

沙尘暴 sand/dust storms

淡水资源短缺 shortage of fresh water

downsizing

减员

**

streamline

精简

**

on the job/in-service

在职

**

disposable

一次性

**

think tank

智囊团

**

round the clock service

全天候服务

**

(free) convertibility

（自由）兑换

**

find a sugar daddy

傍大款

**

Nordic

北欧

**

non-renewable

不可再生

**

out and out

彻头彻尾

**

deadlock

僵局

**

tertiary industry

第三产业

**

fair (market) value

市值

**

refund

退款

**

axis-of-evil

邪恶轴心

**

(nuclear) nonproliferation

核不扩散

**

holistic

整体的

**

one-off

一次性（解决）的；一揽子的

**

turnkey

总承包的；现成可使用的

**

in-house

自有的；（in-house finance company) **

round-up

汇总？

**

overseas returnee

海归

**

framework accord

框架协议

**

WTO accession

加入WTO

**

non-exclusive license

非专用特许

**

royalty free

无版权费的

**

sublicense

转授权；转发许可证

**

creature comforts

衣食

**

recapitalization

资产重组

**

RPI

（Retail Price Index）零售物价指数**

overriding concern

高于一切的考虑

**

Lanyard

系索

**

copyright

著作权

**

royalty

版权

**

compliance

合规性

**

extension

展期

**

co-lead underwriter

副主承销商

**

Advisory Board

咨询委员会

**

Board of Councillors

理事会

**

entrepreneur

创业者

**

upmarket

高端的

**

attorney general

首席检察官

**

upscale

高端的

**

clientele

客户群

**

self starter

白手起家人

**

down round

筹资首轮

**

mass market vs. submarket

总的市场/次级市场（比如根据某个标准分的客户群）

**

letter/power of attorney

委任书

**

market clout

市场影响（？）

**

rehaul (a business)

重组；

**

sell-back (

与buy-out相对）

**

monograph

专题（论述）

**

verbatim

逐字逐句的说法（比如销售“定式”用语）

**

Liquidity Trap

流动性陷阱（宁愿把资金存放于银行拿取零利息的回报，也不愿再投资赔了）

**

many a little makes a mickle

集腋成裘

**

reservist

后备兵

**

at eleventh hours

关键时刻

**

misnomer

用词不当

**

payoff

收益

**

outperform

超过

**

bailout

解决；救援（for instance, the bailout from IMF for South Korea and other SE Asian countries after financial crisis)

**

honor of N/R (notes receivable)/dishonor

到期兑现

**

political cronies

政府人员办的关联企业

**

value-based pricing

价值导向定价法（区别于cost-based pricing，指能为客户带来多少价值来确定价格，而不是消耗了多少成本，比如飞机票)

**

clearinghouse like exchange

（交换场所）

**

value of synergy

企业兼并之后带来的利益

**

post-investment values

（注意post的用法）

**

techie

做技术的人（与salesman相对）

**

on-target

专注于最终目标的

**

optimum

最适宜的

**

overhead

还有一个意思是“投影”，类似powerpoint

**

in line

与预期相符的

**

YTD (year-to-date)

从Jan 1到目前的时间

**

scorched earth

焦土政策

**

economies of scope

范围经济（与economies of scale相比）

**

toehold

小支点，起点

**

industry observer

行业观察家

**

networking

商业构建私人关系网

**

conference backdrop

会议背景幕

**

trade-up

升级

**

ease of maintenance/repair

维修的容易度

**

cap

（金额）最高限度；upper limit

**

lifetime

（债券等的）存期

**

double dip recession

二次萧条（特指本次美国经济泡沫破灭后，还将面临的进一步衰退）**

fringe benefits

附加福利（除国家规定外的）

**

annual leave

年假

**

call to order

宣布开会；要求遵守秩序

**

second the motion

附议

**

motion carried

动议通过

**

window dressing

粉饰

**

end-state

最终状态

**

scrap

废品（与rework相对）

**

disagrregate

分解

**

solidity

可*性

**

MIS (management information system)

管理信息系统

**

in due course

稍后

**

7-11

便利店

**

numerator/denominator

分子/分母

**

winding-up

结算；停业

**

subsidiary/member companies

下属公司

**

coach

大客车

**

OEM/aftermarket parts

汽车业的前/后配件

**

assembly plant

汽车整车厂

**

elevated rail

轻轨

**

honorary

名誉

**

deputy magistrate

副区长（虹口）

**

size up

估计

**

offer .. Advancement over

比。。。更高的优势

**

litmus test

试金石

**

money order

汇票

**

Actuary

精算师

**

vignette /vi'njet/

装饰图；花边文字

**

China Resources

香港华润集团

**

stagflation

通胀

**

downplay

不予重视

**

supranational (institution)

跨国组织，如World Bank

**

private banking

私人银行（为其理财，通常针对大额储户）

**

captive finance company

为大公司自有的金融公司

**

forward contract

远期合约（与期货的不同在于：1。标准化；2.在OTC上交易，而不是交易所；3.保证金；4.期

货需每日结算，以控制头寸；

**

spot price

（期货中）现价

**

treasury secretary

财长

**

rundown

纲要

**

passbook

银行存折

**

property & Casualty company

对应于life company（人寿保险公司而言）

**

floor

最低值，保底值

**

investment grade

；noninvestment grade (junk bond) 中等到高等credit rating的stock或bond（BBB以上）

**

crowding out effect

指政府增加expenditure之后造成利率上升、private investment反而减少的情况。

**

bank run

挤兑

**

velocity (of money)

货币周转率（=GDP/money supply）

**

quantity theory of money

货币数量理论（指Velocity和output保持不变，因此money supply与price成反比）

**

escalator clauses

自动调整条款（根据物价水平对wages等进行调整）

**

ceilings/floors

上限/下限

**

tax incidence

租税归宿（指由consumer还是supplier承担，有actural和statutory之分）

**

deadweight loss

无谓损失

**

elastic

伸缩度，（指demand和supply对price的敏感程度，越elastic，说明price的微小变动就能引起suppply/demand的巨大变动 The general formula for elasticity is: E = percent change in x / percent change in y

**

marginal utility

边际效用

**

economic profit

超额利润（accounting profit超出opportunity cost的那部分，在pure competitive market中，长期

超额利润为零，即zero economic profit)

**

cold call

陌生电访（向推销员，找工作的人的撞大运式地乱打电话）

**

brown field investm

ent

即外资购买或租赁现有厂房进行生产

**

shelf registration

总括申报; 暫擱註冊制度

**

fourth market

指投资者直接交换股票

**

third market

在OTC交易交易所上市股票

**

basis point

（bips）基本点，相对于0.01%

**

style box

（基金）中指某类基金，如成长型大市值基金

**

indenture/deed of trust

债券契约

**

fast moving consumer goods

快速消费品

**

Heavy Vehicle Technologies and Systems Group (HVTSG) Dana

的一个新部门

**

Roadranger Dana

和Eaton的供应商（技术？）

**

powertrain

动力传动系列（驱动轴、离合器、变速箱、差速器）

**

victor reinz division Dana

的一个部门

**

actuator

作动器

**

torque converter

变矩器

**

aftermarket

（汽车用）零配件零售市场；在证券市场中相当于secondary market **

named/unnamed sources

有/无来源的消息

**

China National Investment & Guaranty Corp. (I&G)

中国经济技术投资担保公司（简称中投保）

**

草袋

**

wiring harness

固化在（汽车）上的电线

**

muffler

消音器

**

sub assembly

次组合件（注：assembly在配件中的含义为组合件的意思）**

gear case

齿轮箱

**

exhaust tube

排气管

**

sprocket

链齿轮

**

lifter

升降机

**

brake lever

手闸；刹车杆

**

ATV

（all terrain vehicle) 全地形车

**

idler pulley

空转轮；惰轮

**

worm gear

涡轮

**

rear drive

后轮驱动

**

Dinli

杭州鼎力机械有限公司

**

FF

式 Front engine front drive（前置引擎，前轮驱动）

**

FR

式 Front engine rear drive （前置引擎，后轮驱动）

**

mesh

啮合

**

universal joint

万向接头

**

four-wheel drive

四轮驱动

**

radiator

**

wheel rim

钢圈

**

halogen

卤素

**

wheel base

轮距

**

memorandum of association

公司组织大纲

**

certificate of good standing

公司状况良好证明书；资信状；信任状

**

rent seeking

寻租

**

unencumbered assets

无负担资产

**

fixture

固定装置

**

trade name

商号；厂商名称

**

promissory note

本票；期票

**

line of credit; credit line; bank line

信用额度

**

franchise

特许

**

replication

大批量生产

**

credit division

信贷部

**

OEM financial arm OEM

的金融机构

**

model

车型（用于汽车业）

**

OEM Original Equipment Manufacturer

（在商业中指与分销机构相对的厂商；从别处获得零件进行组合生产最终产品的厂商）**

trade up

（怂恿）买更贵的东西

**

holdback rebate

（回扣）

**

indemnification

补偿

**

non-exclusive

非独家的；一般的（exclusive为独家）

**

standing

常务

**

letter of engagement

工作关系证明

**

earn out

收益外購法 (一種取決于公司既得收益的資產購置法，它允許個人目前只支付所購股票一半的成本，其余部分5年內付清。)

**

Elopak

一家挪威的食品公司，与Wayne Smith有来往

**

deal sweetener

改善交易的措施

**

downstream product

下游产品

**

psi Pounds per square inch

（每平方英寸磅）

**

delivery firm (courier service)

快递公司

**

print (of a product, e.g., rider)

图纸

**

SKU stock keeping unit (

库存单位）；即指单一货品，比如超市中摆在货架上的某个特定产品

**

drivetrain

动力传动系列（驱动轴、离合器、变速箱、差速器）

**

nomenclature

命名法

parking brake

停车闸

**

downshift; upshift

调高/低档

**

shift lever

变速杆

**

tridem

六轮的（与tandem对比）

**

assembly

总成？？

**

undisclosed sum

未披露的金额

**

Eurobond

欧元债券

**

turnaround

回转

**

rocker arm

摇臂

**

clearance

间距

**

cross country vehicle (CCV)

越野车

**

fuel efficiency/economy

燃油效率（每加仑汽油英里数）gas mile standard

**

hybrid car

汽油、电动混合型车

**

fuel cell

电池型车

**

extraordinary items

非常项目

**

unusual expense (income)

非常规费用（收入）

**

minority interest

少数股权

**

equity in affiliates

附属公司权益

**

discontinued operations

停止经营部分补偿费用(与continuing operations比较）

**

diluted EPS

调整后/摊薄每股收益（指净利润除以年末普通股数，而（加权）每股收益则是指净利润除以年内的加权股数）；摊薄一般比加权收益低，但在回购情况下反而高。

**

amortization

摊销

**

Mkt Cap

总市值

**

52-wk range 52

周价格波动范围

**

capital lease obligations

资本性租赁下长期债务

**

debt vs liabilities

债务/负债

**

intermodal

联运的（各种交通方式混合的）

**

Pacific rim

太平洋周边地区

**

non-core assets

非核心资产

**

BOT build-operate-transfer (

项目融资；国内成为特许权融资方式）

**

Concession Agreement

特许权协议

**

freight forwarder

货运公司

**

legal proceedings

法律事项

**

wire fence

丝网栏杆

**

Stern Stewart

思腾思特公司

**

MVA

市场增加值(比较EVA）

**

TQM

全面质量管理total quality management

**

contra account

抵消科目

**

uncollectible account (bad debt, bad loan)

坏帐

**

allowance for doubtful accounts, provision for bad debts

坏帐准备

**

salvage (residual) value

残值

**

accumulated depreciation

累计折旧

**

accrued expenses

应付费用(注意与accounts payable的不同）

**

retained earnings (also called earned surplus or accumulated earnings or unappropriated profit) 保留盈余（又称未分配盈余、盈余公积、累计盈余或保留净利）Earnings not paid out as dividends but instead reinvested in the core business or used to pay off debt.

**

deferred tax

递延税项（指因为采取不同会计原则而造成实际应税所得和会计利润不等的情况，最常见的情况就是根据税法采取加速折旧法，而为了报表好看又采用直线折旧法，这样造成的税差就作为负债出现。也可以出现在净利润增加、所有制权益项目下。

**

Accrual Basis

权责发生制

**

General Ledger

总分类帐

**

Subsidiary Ledger

明细分类帐

**

full disclosure

全面披露

**

Allowance method

备抵法

**

write-off/-up/-down

对资产的记账方法，off是指将assets value记为expense，up和down是指增加或减少资产价值**

Consignment

寄销

**

Inventory overages

存货盈余（与shortage对比）

**

Premium on bonds

债券溢价（discount折价）

**

Construction-in-process

在建工程

**

Units-of-production me

thod (UOP)

工作量法（计算折旧的一种方法）

**

Contingency

或有事项

**

loss/profit contingency

或有损失（或有利得）

**

additional paid-in capital

；Capital surplus;Paid-in Capital in Excess of Par; Premium on Common stock 资本公积（是相对于capital stock，即按面值计算的股价与实际发行额之间的差值）

**

Unrealized holding gains or losses

未实现的资产持有损益（即手中的股票的购买价与市价的差额）

**

consolidated financial statements

合并财务报表

**

deferred income tax liabilities

递延所得税负债（指某些所得税需要在日后支付）

**

contingent liabilities

或有负债(like potential legal claims, debt guarantees)

**

refund

退款

**

operating income

营业收入（相当于EBIT: earnings before interest payments and income tax; also called operating profit)

**

sales revenue

主营收入

**

advance

预付款

**

write down

（资产账面价值）降低

**

net of tax

扣除税的

**

hedging

套期保值

**

common size statement

共同比分析（以百分比来显示报表）

**

treasury share

是涉及到diluted common stock的一种算法

**

credit line

信用额度

**

working capital

营运资金（等于现有资产减去现有负债）; working capital cycle管理，等于是对working capital 的各个方面，即存货、A/R，A/P等加以管理。Working capital ratio = (Inventory+A/P-A/R)/sales. **

upfront

预付的，先期的

**

tax deductibility

避税

**

factoring

应收账款管理服务（有点类似L/C，保证销售方收到货款）factor即代理人。

**

credit insurance

信用保险（与factoring对比）

**

"securitization

证券化（有financing securitization和assets两种，前者即指直接发行债券等；后者相当于利用资产作抵押，置换成证券）对于assets securitization来说，If the asset only plays as a pledge and the payment source is still the whole business, then the cr

**

private label

借助于其他（商铺）现成的服务/部件，打出自己的品牌；也可以采用co-branding的形式，即

放弃自己的品牌，与合作方共用一个品牌；比如软件业中借助某个公用的东西，再自己定制一下，贴个牌就成了自己的产品，类似于OEM

**

off-balance sheet

表外处理

**

revolver (revolving credit facilities)

滚动借贷

**

term loan; term credit facility

见上

**

floor plan financing

为某种特定产品而融资

**

in-house counsel internal counsel,

公司自有律师

**

reorganization

重组（POR，重组计划）

**

fluid seal

流体密封

**

steering shafts

转向轴

**

mixer

混凝土搅拌车（heavy-duty vehicle的一种）

**

pinion

小齿轮

**

housing

外壳；壳体

**

leading time

订货到交货的时间；加工准备时间

**

inbound/outbound

向内/外出的

**

module

比chassis低一级的总成，比product高一级

**

speed to market

推想市场速度

**

suspension

悬架

**

LIBOR London InterBank Offered Rate(

伦敦同业拆放利率)，作为基本的利率，通常再加上一定百分比

**

ESOP (Employee Stock Ownership Plan)

员工持股计划（类似于MBO，不同之处在于是员工收购）

**

equity carve-out

切股 Sometimes known as a partial spinoff, a carve out occurs when a parent company sells a minority (usually 20% or less) stake in a subsidiary for an IPO or rights offering.

**

asset-backed securities (ABS)

资产抵押证券

**

loan originator

（sponsor?)

**

recourse

追索权

**

floating rate

浮动利率

**

marketability

流动性（变现性？）

**

zero-coupon bond

零息债券

**

junk bond; high-yield bond

夹层债券（在LBO中的含义）；高收益/垃圾债券

**

reserve ratios

（银行的）准备金率

**

underwriting income

保险收入

**

bridge financing

短期融资（temporary funds loaned until permanent debt financing is completed

**

Money Market

货币市场（系指包括金融拆放市场以及一年期以下短期有价证券进行交易的公开市场）。

**

Commercial Paper

短期及無抵押借據，一般由具信譽企業所發行

**

Red Chip

在香港註冊和上市，但是控股權屬中國的公司。

**

Support/resistance Level

支持價位/阻力价位。買家的數目總多於賣家的數目，使價格不能繼續下降時的價格。

**

SEHK

香港聯合交易所有限公司

**

Trust Deed

信託契約（信託成立的法律文件，清楚訂出信託的條款，信託人及受益人姓名。）

**

bulge bracket

最大的投资银行集团

**

red herring preliminary prospectus

（非正式招股说明书）

**

preemptive rights offering

优先配股（股票以比市价更低的价格出售给现有持股人）**

Shenzhen Development Bank

深发展

**

carrier

运输商

**

forwarder

运输商

**

overseas foray

海外拓展

**

axle gear

桥齿轮

**

vehicular manufacturer

车辆制造商

**

ground clearance

最小离地间距

**

transfer case

分动箱（后备的，用来转移多余的Torque?)

**

Differential(Auto)

差速器

**

propeller shaft

传动轴

**

4WD (four wheel drive)

四轮驱动

**

Gasket

衬板；衬垫

**

ABS (Anti-Lock Brake System)

防鎖死煞車系統

**

Mechatronic Systems

机电系统

**

fluid power

流体

**

continuous variable transmission

无级变速器

**

planetary gear

行星齿轮

**

coil spring

螺旋弹簧

**

rear/side tipper

后/侧翻斗车

金融专业英语阅读(答案)

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金融专业英语单词内部编号：（YUUT-TBBY-MMUT-URRUY-UOOY-DBUYI-0128）

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中华人民共和国海事局 2007年第2期海船船员适任证书全国统考试题(总第43期) 科目：轮机英语试卷代号：805 适用对象：无限、近洋航区3000KW及以上船舶二/三管轮 （本试卷卷面总分100分，及格分为70分，考试时间为100分钟） 答题说明：请选择一个最合适的答案，并将该答案按答题卡要求，在其相应位置上用2B铅笔涂黑。第1题至74题，每题1分，第75题至78题，每题1.5分,第79题至80题, 每题10分。 一、单项选择题 1.______ the engines, the diesel engine is ______ used engine on board. A. Between/more commonly B. Among/the most commonly C. Between/not more commonly D. Among/ not the most commonly 2.The average pressure exerted on a piston during each power stroke is termed ______. A. indicated horsepower B. mean effective pressure C. exhaust back pressure D. compression pressure 3.The cetane number rates fuels for diesel engines according to its ______. A. antiknock characteristics B. ignition qualities C. rates of vaporization D. viscosity 4.The time between injection and ignition of the fuel is known as ______. A. turbulence lag B. after burning ratio C. pre-ignition lag D. ignition delay 5.______ controls the fuel oil temperature in order to provide oil at the correct viscosity for combustion. A. The viscosity regulator B. The temperature controller C. The flow meter D. The pressure switch 6.Constant cooling the various components of diesel engine has a number of functions except for ______. A. good lubrication B. low thermal stress C. good mechanical properties D. acid corrosion 7. A device which functions to bring a diesel engine to a full stop to protect it from damage is known as a/an ______. A. torque limiter B. over-speed trip C. over-speed governor D. load limit governor 8.Engine speeds at which resonance can occur are termed ______. A. maximum speeds B. full speeds C. sea speeds D. critical speeds 9.Prolonged operation of a diesel engine with a closed cooling water system at lower than normal designed operating temperatures can ______. A. increase power output B. decrease lube oil viscosity C. eliminate fuel knock D. cause sulfuric acid formation 10.______ on a ship transmits power from the engine to the propeller. A. The automatic control system B. The speed regularly system C. The transmission system D. The compression air system 11.In a _____ boiler the hot gases from the furnace pass through the tubes while the water is on the outside. A. water-tube B. fire-tube C. exhaust gas D. composite 12.The fuel supply system to an automatic auxiliary boiler, will be automatically shutdown if the boiler ______. A.salinity is abnormally B.high steam demand is too high C.feed-water flow is low D.water level is abnormally low 13.The water in a steaming auxiliary boiler should be tested daily for ______. A. dissolved oxygen B. chlorides C. sludge D. dissolved nitrogen 14.Ignition failure in an automatically controlled auxiliary boiler could be caused by ______. A. carbon deposits on the flame scanner B. high fuel oil temperature C. low fuel oil viscosity D. high steam pressure 15.The concentration of total dissolved solids in the water of an auxiliary boiler can increase as a result of ______. A. seawater contamination B. frequent surface blows C. dissolved oxygen de-aeration D. frequent bottom blows

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Opposite指“位置、方向、地位、性质、意义等对立的、相反的”, 如: 如: “True” and “ false ” have opposite meanings. “真”与“假”有着相反的意思。 Contrary指“两物朝相反的方向发展”, 含有“互相冲突, 不一致”的意思, 如: Your plan is contrary to mine. 你的计划与我的相反。 Inverse 颠倒的；倒数的 Evil is the inverse of good. Reverse 反过来，翻转 He reversed the car. 他倒车. 教育类 素质教育 education for all-round development 应试教育 the examination-oriented education 义务教育 compulsory education 片面追求升学率 place undue emphasis on the proportion of students' entering school of a higher level 高分低能 good scores but low qualities 扩招 expand enrollment 教书育人 impart knowledge and educate people 因材施教 teach students according to their aptitude 提高身心素质 improve the health and psychological quality 大学生创业 the university students' innovative undertaking 社会实践 social practice 文凭 diplomas and certificates 复合型人才 interdisciplinary talents 文化底蕴 the rich cultural deposits 适应社会的改变 adjust to the social changes 满足社会的急需 meet the urgent needs the society 工作类 人才流动和双向选择 talent flow and a dual-way selection 试用期 probationary period 跳槽 job-hopping 自由职业 freelance work 拜金主义 money worship 获得名利 achieve fame and wealth 充分发挥个人的潜力 develop fully one's potential and creativity 工作出色 excel in one's work 社会和个人的尊重 social and personal esteem 生计问题 a bread and butter issue 人才交流 talents exchange 培养人才 cultivate talents 人才外流 brain drain 失业问题 unemployment problems 下岗职工 the laid-off workers 自谋生路 be self-employed 劳动力短缺 shortage of manpower 医药卫生类 卫生环境 sanitary environment 营养不良 malnutrition

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5.2 MARPOL73/78 公约 5.2.1 MARPOL73/78 公约中有关含油污水的排放规则 3192. If it becomes necessary to pump bilges while a vessel is in port, which of the following procedures should be followed? A. Pump only if the discharge is led to a shore tank or barge. B. Pump only during the hours of darkness. C. Pump only on the outgoing tide. D. Pump only as much as is necessary. 3193. The scuppers should be plugged _____. A. only if fixed containment is not used B. only if portable containment is not used C. only if fixed containment drains are open D. whenever the vessel is being bunkered 3194. When discharging bilge water, which criteria must be observed? A. The requirement for the oil content of bilge water discharged is 15 ppm. B. No discharge in sensitive waters. C. Any discharge in sensitive waters. D. International, national or local requirements have to be observed. 3195. When bilge water is heated in a holding tank, which one of the following statements is not accurate? A. The relative high temperature facilitates primary gravity separation. B. Most of the oil and organic solvents are raised to the top layer. C. The relative high the temperature is, the top oil will be collected. D. The normal high temperature has little use on the separation of emulsified oil. 3196. If an oil spill occurs on deck, you should _____. A. cover the area with foam B. cover the area with absorbent material C. wash down immediately with a fire hose D. wash down immediately with an oil dispersing solvent 3197. Which of the following methods might favor oil emulsion in bilge water? A. Raising temperature. B. Less use of surfactant C. More use of solvent.

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3.drawee 付款人（或称受票人，指汇票） to drawn on (or ：upon) 以（某人）为付款人 to value on 以（某人）为付款人 to issued on 以（某人）为付款人 4.drawer 出票人 5.advising bank 通知行 advising bank 通知行 the notifying bank 通知行 advised th rough…bank 通过……银行通知 advised by airmail/cable through…bank 通过……银行航空信/电通知 6.opening bank 开证行 opening bank 开证行 issuing bank 开证行 establishing bank 开证行 7.negotiation bank 议付行 negotiating bank 议付行 negotiation bank 议付行 8.paying bank 付款行 9.reimbursing bank 偿付行

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