电子行业英名词解释

一、目的

1.使厂内常用名词统一、了解名词用法及意义。

2.用于新人训练的参考教材，可加速其对产品、流程的认识。

二、内容

以下内容分为两大类：（1）SOP常用名词中英对照；（2）名词缩写与解释。

2-1.SOP常用名词中英对照

2-1-1.产品种类（依字母顺序排列）

2-1-2.产品流程（依流程顺序排列）

2-1-3.使用设备与工具(依字母顺序排列)

2-1-4.零组件（依字母顺序排列）

2-1-5.常用名词（依字母顺序排列）

2-2.名词缩写与解释（依字母顺序排列）

（附录一）所有名词中英对照与解释--依字母排列顺序1. SOP常用名词中英对照

ATE t est：Automatic Test Equipment，自动测试

B/I：Burn In，烧机

Barcode：条形码

Bottom side of PCB：基板背面

Bracket：铁片

Capacitor：电容

Capillary：导线管

Carton：外箱

Ceramic Substrate：陶瓷基板

Coil：电磁圈

Cold Solder：冷焊

Component Damage：损件

Conductive Sponge：导电泡棉

Conductor Paste：导电油墨

Connector：连接器

Constant Temperature Soldering Iron：恒温烙铁Conveyor：输送带

Crystal：XTAL，震荡器

DC/DC Charger：充电器

Dielectric Paste：介质绝缘油墨

Diode：二极管

Empty Solder：空焊

Epoxy：数脂接着剂

EPROM：Erasable and Programmable

Read Only Memory，可重复读写

只读存储器（多次烧写）

ESD Wrist strap：静电环

Fixture：治具

Float：浮件

FQA：Final Quality Assurance最终质量检验

Furnace：烧结炉

Fuse：保险丝Gauge：电压显示器

Golden Finger：金手指

Header：连接头

Heat Sink：散热片

High Speed Machine：高速机

Hi-pot Test：高压测试

Hybrid：混合IC

IC (Integrated Circuit)：集成电路

ICT：In Circuit Tester，静态电路自动测试Inductor：电感

Inspection：总检

Insulator：绝缘片

Inverter：背光板

Jack：插口

LAN：网络卡

Laser Scribe：雷射切割机

Microscope：显微镜

Modem：调制解调器

Mylar：绝缘片

Oven：烤箱

Overglass Paste：玻璃绝缘油墨Oxidation：氧化

P/N：Part Number，产品编号

Pack：包装

Partition：隔板

Paste Roller：油墨滚动机

Polarity：极性

Printer：厚膜印刷机/锡膏印刷机

Probe Card：测试探针板

Probe：测试探针

Programming Check：读码Programming：烧码

PROM：Programmable Read Only

Memory，可程序化只读存储

器（单次烧写）

R/W：Rework重工

Reflow：回焊炉

Repair：T/S；Trouble Shooting，修护Resistor Array：排阻

Resistor Paste：电阻油墨

Resistor：电阻

Scanner：扫描仪

Screen Cleaner：网版清洗机

Shift：偏移

Short：短路

Silicone：热熔胶

SIMM Socket：扩充内存插槽

SMT：Surface Mount Technology，表面黏着技术

Snap：裂片

Socket：IC插槽

Solder Ball：锡球

Solder Icicle：锡尖

Solder Paste：锡膏

Solder Residue：锡渣

Substrate：基板

Switch：开关器

T/U：Touch up，后焊

Temperature Profile：温度曲线记录器Tension Gauge：张力计

Thermal：散热胶

Thick Measurement：测厚机

Top side of PCB：基板正面Transformer：变压器

Transistor：晶体管

Tray：静电盘

Universal Machine：泛用机

Viscosity Meter：黏度计

Visual Inspection：目检

2.名词缩写与解释

AQL：Acceptable Quality Level，允收质量水平，允收之检验批所含之最大不良率BOM：Bill Of Material，零件用量表

Cassette：盛放机板的治具

Cold Solder：冷焊，待焊物与锡之间，受轻微外力造成裂缝

CQCN：Customer Quality Complain Notice，客户抱怨通知书

CRP：Capacity Requirement Plan，产能需求计划

D/W：Die mount / Wire bonding，着晶/着线站

ECN/ECR：Engineering Change Request/ Notice工程变更通知书/工程变更需求Empty Solder：空（漏）焊，零件（含接脚）未完全吃锡

ENG P roduction：量产（工程试产）

ESD：Electric Static Discharge，静电放电破坏

Golden Sample：标准品

Hold Notice：停止出货通知书

Identification：鉴别，不同制品于生产或出货期间的标示，使其不被混淆

Lead Frame：与机板PAD以锡接和导架

Lo ader/ Unlo ader：上/下料

Marking：标示印刷

MO：Manufacture Order，工单

MRB：Material Review Board，制造异常报告书，属于制造过程中的任何质量异常；物料评议委员会，用来申请裁决

MRP：Material Requirement Plan，物料需求计划

MSC：Method Standard Change，制程方法变更

OJT：On Job Training，在职训练

P/R：Pilot Run，少量试产

Pawl：搬运机板的工具

PCB：Printed Circuit Board，印刷线路版

Pin Pinch：接脚与接脚间的间距

PM：Preventive And Maintenance，保养维护计划

R/W：Rework重工，只需加工使功能或特性恢复者

Repair：修护，需更换零件使功能或特性恢复者

SDCN：Sample Design Change Notice，客户设计变更通知书，在产品设计、生产过程中客户或产品经理工程变更之需求

SIP：Single In-Line Package，由机板的单边方向引出处接线的接脚方式

SIP：Standard Inspection Procedure，标准检验流程

Snap：裂片，将大片基板分离成小片之过程

Solder Ball：锡球，球状的锡附着于基片或零件表面，但未构成焊接状态，且

可以外力刮除

Solder Icicle：锡尖，锡因过热或不纯，而在待焊物上形成突起

Solder Residue：锡渣，非球状的锡附着于基片或零件表面，但未构成焊接状态，且可以外力刮除

SOP：Standard Operation Procedure，标准作业程序

SPC：Statistics Process Control，统计制程管制

Tray：置放产品的导电或抗静电盘具

Week code：周别码，用以识别产品的制造（或出货）日期

WIP：Work In Process，在制品

一般数据：品保手册、作业程序、作业规范、操作手册及职责规范

代用料：除了BOM之外拟新增的材料或供货商

技术数据：产品制程/检验/技术、实验、改善报告、仪器设备使用/维护手册、原料之数据手册

巡检：品管人员不定期或定期稽核生产活动

金球（第一点）：金线在芯片上之端点

金球（第二点）：金线在基板上之端点

金线：连接芯片与基板线路之导线

客户规范：客户所提供之图面，作业规范、线路图等

香蕉水：一种擦拭因印刷不良或油墨沾污清洁使用之有机溶剂

修护品：产品外观或电性不良而需更换零件或修护者

原始文件：定义产品需重工之文件，例如ECN、MRB、会议结论等

接触角：锡与PAD熔接所造成之角度

焊锡性：标面沾锡是否良好

产品规范：直接用于生产线引以为据之作业规范，包括样品规范（Sa mple Run）、试产规范（Pilot Run）、制造规范（Manufacture Specification）、测

试规范（Test Specification）、工程图面、零件/材料承认书、变更申

请/通知书及制造异常报告书MRB

异常：产品的质量或作业状况偏离正常水平或有劣化趋势者

过热焊点：焊点受热过多过久，导致锡表面起皱无光泽

裸线：导线未有保护绝缘，露出导体

胶头：以硅胶作成各种形式专用于标示印刷

锌版：Stencil标示的印膜

锡未溶：锡点受热不足，导致锡未形成有光泽且均匀之合金

（附录一）所有名词中英对照与解释--依中文笔划顺序1.SOP常用名词中英对照

IC插槽：Socket

二极管：Diode

介质绝缘油墨：Dielectric Paste

充电器：DC/DC Charger

包装：Pack

可重复读写只读存储器：EPROM；

Erasable and Programmable Read

Only Memory，（多次烧写）

可程序化只读存储器：PROM；

Programmable Read Only

Memory，（单次烧写）

外箱：Carton

目检：Visual Inspection

自动测试：ATE t est；Automatic Test Equipment 冷焊：Cold Solder

油墨滚动机：Paste Roller

治具：Fixture

泛用机：Universal Machine

空焊：Empty Solder

表面黏着技术：SMT Surface Mount

Technology，

金手指：Golden Finger

保险丝：Fuse

厚膜印刷机/锡膏印刷机：Printer

后焊：T/U；Touch up

恒温烙铁：Constant Temperature Soldering Iron

玻璃绝缘油墨：Overglass Paste

背光板：Inverter

重工：R/W；Rework

修护：Repair；T/S（Trouble Shooting）氧化：Oxidation

浮件：Float

烤箱：Oven 回焊炉：Reflow

高速机：High Speed Machine

高压测试：Hi-pot Test

偏移：Shift

基板：Substrate

基板正面：Top side of PCB

基板背面：Bottom side of PCB

张力计：Tension Gauge

扫描仪：Scanner

排阻：Resistor Array

条形码：Barcode

混合IC ：Hybrid

产品编号：P/N；Part Number

连接器：Connector

连接头：Header

陶瓷基板：Ceramic Substrate

最终质量检验：FQA；Final Quality

Assurance

插口：Jack

散热片：Heat Sink

散热胶：Thermal

测厚机：Thick Measurement

测试探针：Probe

测试探针板：Probe Card

短路：Short

绝缘片：Insulator

绝缘片：Mylar

裂片：Snap

开关器：Switch

损件：Component Damage

极性：Polarity

温度曲线记录器：Temperature Profile

隔板：Partition

雷射切割机：Laser Scribe

电阻：Resistor

电阻油墨：Resistor Paste

电容：Capacitor

晶体管：Transistor

电感：Inductor

电磁圈：Coil

电压显示器：Gauge

网版清洗机：Screen Cleaner

网络卡：LAN

数脂接着剂：Epoxy

调制解调器：Modem

热熔胶：Silicone

震荡器：Crystal；XTAL，

导电油墨：Conductor Paste

导电泡棉：Conductive Sponge

导线管：Capillary

烧结炉：Furnace

烧码：Programming

烧机：B/I；Burn In

集成电路：IC；Integrated Circuit

输送带：Conveyor

锡尖：Solder Icicle

锡球：Solder Ball

锡渣：Solder Residue

锡膏：Solder Paste

静电盘：Tray

静电环：ESD Wrist strap

静态电路自动测试：ICT；In Circuit Tester 总检：Inspection

黏度计：Viscosity Meter

扩充内存插槽：SIMM Socket

铁片：Bracket

读码：Programming Check

变压器：Transformer

显微镜：Microscope

2.名词缩写与解释

一般数据：品保手册、作业程序、作业规范、操作手册及职责规范

上/下料：Lo ader/ Unlo ad er

工单：MO，Manufacture Order

工程变更通知书/工程变更需求：ECN/ECR；Engineering Change Request/ Notice 允收质量水平：AQL；Acceptable Quality Level，允收之检验批所含之最大不良率少量试产：P/R；Pilot Run

代用料：除了BOM之外拟新增的材料或供货商

印刷标示：Marking

印刷线路版：PCB；Printed Circuit Board

在制品：WIP，Work In Process

在职训练：OJT；On Job Training

冷焊：Cold Solder，待焊物与锡之间，受轻微外力造成裂缝

技术数据：产品制程/检验/技术、实验、改善报告、仪器设备使用/维护手册、原料之数据手册

巡检：品管人员不定期或定期稽核生产活动

物料需求计划：MRP；Material Require ment Plan

空（漏）焊：Empty Solder，零件（含接脚）未完全吃锡

金球（第一点）：金线在芯片上之端点

金球（第二点）：金线在基板上之端点

金线：连接芯片与基板线路之导线

保养维护计划：PM；Preventive And Maintenance

客户抱怨通知书：CQCN；Customer Quality Complain Notice

客户规范：客户所提供之图面，作业规范、线路图等

客户设计变更通知书：SDCN；Sample Design Change Notice，在产品设计、生

产过程中客户或产品经理工程变更之需求重工：R/W；Rework，只需加工使功能或特性恢复者

香蕉水：一种擦拭因印刷不良或油墨沾污清洁使用之有机溶剂

修护：Repair，需更换零件使功能或特性恢复者

修护品：产品外观或电性不良而需更换零件或修护者

原始文件：定义产品需重工之文件，例如ECN、MRB、会议结论等

停止出货通知书：Hold Notice

接触角：锡与PAD熔接所造成之角度

焊锡性：标面沾锡是否良好

产品规范：直接用于生产线引以为据之作业规范，包括样品规范（Sa mple Run）、试产规范（Pilot Run）、制造规范（Manufacture Specificati on）、测

试规范（Test Specification）、工程图面、零件/材料承认书、变更申

请/通知书及制造异常报告书MRB

产能需求计划：CRP；Capacity Requirement Plan

异常：产品的质量或作业状况偏离正常水平或有劣化趋势者

盛放机板的治具：Cassette

统计制程管制：SPC；Statistics Process Control

着晶/着线站：D/W；Die mount / Wire bonding

裂片：Snap，将大片基板分离成小片之过程

周别码：Week code，用以识别产品的制造（或出货）日期

量产（工程试产）：ENG P roduction

过热焊点：焊点受热过多过久，导致锡表面起皱无光泽

零件用量表：BOM；Bill Of Material

裸线：导线未有保护绝缘，露出导体

制造异常报告书/物料评议委员会：MRB；Material Review Board属于制造过程中的任何质量异常；物料评议委员会，用来申请裁决

制程方法变更：MSC；Method Standard Change

标准作业程序：SOP；Standard Operation Procedure

标准品：Golden Sample

标准检验流程：SIP；Standard Inspection Procedure

胶头：以硅胶作成各种形式专用于标示印刷

锌版：Stencil标示的印膜

锡未溶：锡点受热不足，导致锡未形成有光泽且均匀之合金

锡尖：Solder Icicle，锡因过热或不纯，而在待焊物上形成突起

锡球：Solder Ball，球状的锡附着于基片或零件表面，但未构成焊接状态，且可以外力刮除

锡渣：Solder Residue，非球状的锡附着于基片或零件表面，但未构成焊接状态，且可以外力刮除

静电放电破坏：ESD；Electric Static Discharge

鉴别：Identification，不同制品于生产或出货期间的标示，使其不被混淆

初中英语语法知识点总结

英语语法大全 初中英语语法学习提纲 一、词类、句子成分和构词法： 1、词类：英语词类分十种： 名词、形容词、代词、数词、冠词、动词、副词、介词、连词、感叹词。 1、名词(n.)：表示人、事物、地点或抽象概念的名称。如：boy, morning, bag, ball, class, orange. 2、代词(pron.)：主要用来代替名词。如：who, she, you, it . 3、形容词(adj..)：表示人或事物的性质或特征。如：good, right, white, orange . 4、数词(num.)：表示数目或事物的顺序。如：one, two, three, first, second, third, fourth. 5、动词(v.)：表示动作或状态。如：am, is,are,have,see . 6、副词(adv.)：修饰动词、形容词或其他副词,说明时间、地点、程度等如：now, very, here, often, quietly, slowly. 7、冠词(art..)：用在名词前,帮助说明名词。如：a, an, the. 8、介词(prep.)：表示它后面的名词或代词与其他句子成分的关系。如in, on, from, above, behind. 9、连词(conj.)：用来连接词、短语或句子。如and, but, before .

10、感叹词(interj..)表示喜、怒、哀、乐等感情。如：oh, well, hi, hello. 2、句子成分：英语句子成分分为七种：主语、谓语、宾语、定语、状语、表语、宾语补足语。 1、主语是句子所要说的人或事物,回答是“谁”或者“什么”。通常用名词或代词担任。如：I’m Miss Green.(我是格林小姐) 2、谓语动词说明主语的动作或状态,回答“做(什么)”。主要由动词担任。如：Jack cleans the room every day. (杰克每天打扫房间) 3、表语在系动词之后,说明主语的身份或特征,回答是“什么”或者“怎么样”。通常由名词、代词或形容词担任。如：My name is Ping ping .(我的名字叫萍萍) 4、宾语表示及物动词的对象或结果,回答做的是“什么”。通常由名词或代词担任。 如：He can spell the word.(他能拼这个词) 有些及物动词带有两个宾语,一个指物,一个指人。指物的叫直接宾语,指人的叫间接宾语。间接宾语一般放在直接宾语的前面。如：He wrote me a letter . (他给我写了一封信) 有时可把介词to或for加在间接宾语前构成短语,放在直接宾语后面,来强调间接宾语。如：He wrote a letter to me . (他给我写了一封信) 5、定语修饰名词或代词,通常由形容词、代词、数词等担任。如： Shanghai is a big city .(上海是个大城市)

(完整版)英语语法专业术语

英语语法专业术语 语法grammar 句法syntax 词法morphology 结构structure 层次rank 句子sentence 从句clause 词组phrase 词类part of speech 单词word 实词notional word 虚词structural word 名词noun 专有名词proper noun 普通名词common noun 可数名词countable noun 不可数名词uncountable no 抽象名词abstract noun 具体名词concrete noun 物质名词material noun 集体名词collective noun 个体名词individual noun 介词preposition 连词conjunction 动词verb 主动词main verb 及物动词transitive verb 不及物动词intransitive verb 系动词link verb 助动词auxiliary verb 情态动词modal verb 规则动词regular verb 不规则动词irregular verb 短语动词phrasal verb 限定动词finite verb 非限定动词infinite verb 使役动词causative verb 感官动词verb of senses

动态动词event verb 静态动词state verb 感叹词exclamation 形容词adjective 副词adverb 方式副词adverb of manner 程度副词adverb of degree 时间副词adverb of time 地点副词adverb of place 修饰性副词adjunct 连接性副词conjunct 疑问副词interrogative adverb 关系副词relative adverb 代词pronoun 人称代词personal pronoun 物主代词possessive pronoun 反身代词reflexive pronoun 相互代词reciprocal pronoun 指示代词demonstrative pronoun 疑问代词interrogative pronoun 关系代词relative pronoun 不定代词indefinite 物主代词possessive pronoun 名词性物主代词nominal possessive 形容词性物主代词adjectival possessive pronoun 冠词article 定冠词definite article 不定冠词indefinite article 数词numeral 基数词cardinal numeral 序数词ordinal numeral 分数词fractional numeral 形式form 单数形式singular form 复数形式plural form 限定动词finite verb form 非限定动词non-finite verb form

英语国家概况名词解释新

英语国家概况名词解释 1、The Constitution:Britain has no written foundations of the British state are laid out in statute law,which are laws passed by Parliament; the common laws, which are laws established through commom practice in courts;and conventions. 2、The house of Common: It’s the real center of British political life because it is the place where about 650 elected representatives(Members of Parliament) make and debate policy,These MPs are elected in the General Elections and should represent the interests of the people who vote for them. 3、The electoral campaign:Before a general election,the political parties would start their electoral campaigns in order to make their ideologies and policies known to the campaign involves advertisements in newspapers, door-to-door campaigning,postal deliveries of leaflets and ‘party electoral broadcasts” on the parties also try to attack and critisise the opponents’,these campaigns sometimes can be quite aggressive and critical. 4、Class system in British society:The class system does exist in British of British population would claim themselves to be either of middle-class or working-class,though some people would actually belong to the upper middle-class or lower divisions are not simply economic,they are cultural as of different classes may defferent may differ in the kind of newspaper they read,in the way they speak and in the kind of education they of the distinctive features about the British class system is that aristocratic titles can still be inherited. 5、Relative decline of the UK economy:The UK has experienced an economic decline since this is a relative decline rather than an absolute is wealthier and more productive than it was in 1945,but since other countries developed more rapidly,it has slid from being the second largest economy to being the six. 6、Comprehensive schools:are the most popular secondary schools in Britain schools admit children without reference to their academic abilities and provide a general can study everything from academic subjects like literature to more practical subjects like cooking 7、Grammar school s:it’s a type of secondary schools in schools select children at the age 11,through an examination called “the 11-plus”.Those children with the highest marks go to grammar schools lay emphasis on advanced academic subjects rather than the more general curriculum of the comprehensive schools and expect many of their pupils to go on to universities. 8、Independent schools:are commonly called public schools which are actually private schools that receive their funding through the private sector and tuition rates,with some government schools are not part of national education system,but the quality of instruction and standards are maintained through visits from Her Majesty’s Inspectors of schools are restricted to the students whose parents are comparatively rich. 9、the first English settle in North America:The first English permanent settlement was organized in 1607 by the London Company with a charter from the English colonists settled in Virginia and survived by imposing strict discipline on themselves and by transplanting tobacco into the colony of 1619,the settlers elected their delegates and set up the House of Burgesses,and the same time they bought and enslaved

专业术语英语整理

The term “enzyme” was coined by Wilhelm Kuhne.创造 crystallized 结晶centrifugal supernatant 离心上清液 were used to imitate enzymes mesoporous介孔材料，多孔 DMF-2甲基甲酰胺 Polymer with enzyme-like activity 聚合物 noble-metal nanoclusters 贵金属纳米团簇 In the presence of dopamine在多巴胺的存在下 Molecularly imprinted polymers were invented by 分子印迹聚合物 Nano ceria as superoxide dismutase mimic. 纳米二氧化铈作为超氧化物歧化酶模拟。 peroxidase mimic. 过氧化物模拟酶catalase,过氧化氢酶 Nano ceria as catalase and oxidase mimic纳米二氧化铈过氧化氢酶和氧化酶模拟

metal sulfide 硫化物 cobalt porphyri n钴 manganese锰facile温和的 chemicals and reagent s化学药品和试剂syring注射器 thioacetamide 硫代乙酰胺 stretching vibration 伸缩振动峰 carbonyl group羰基 aromatic acid 芳香酸 calibration curve 校准线 have been extensively explored to mimic the structures and functions of natural enzymes through various approaches.and several monographs andnumerous excellent reviews have been published have been found to exhibit unexpected enzyme-like Although the progress and achievements of classic artificial enzymes have been thoroughly reviewed in the literature, no comprehensive review has been devoted to nanozymes we discuss the current challenges facing nanozyme technologies and future directions to realize their great potential. 新方法 Hybrid materials（杂化材料） formed by incorporating inorganicmaterials into a polymeric matrix have even more promisingadvantages, such as novel

初二英语语法总结大全

初二期末英语必考的十二大语法点 一. 形容词/副词的比较级和最高级 1. 形容词/副词的比较级和最高级的构成规则 （1）单音节词和少数以-er，-ow结尾的双音节单词，比较级在后面加-er，最高级在后面加-est。 ①单音节单词 small→smaller→smallest short→shorter→shortest tall→taller→tallest great→greater→greatest ②少数以-er，-ow结尾的双音节单词 clever→cleverer→cleverest

narrow→narrower→narrowest （2）以不发音e结尾的单音节单词，比较级在原形后加-r，最高级在 原级后加-st。 large→larger→largest nice→nicer→nicest able→abler→ablest （3）以一个辅音字母结尾的闭音节（即：辅音＋元音＋辅音）单词中，先双写末尾的辅音字母，比较级加-er，最高级加-est。 big→bigger→biggest hot→hotter→hottest fat→fatter→fattest （4）以“辅音字母＋y”结尾的双音节词，把y改为i，比较级加-er，最高级加-est。 easy→easier→easiest heavy→heavier→heaviest

busy→busier→busiest happy→happier→happiest （5）其他双音节词和多音节词，比较级在前面加more，最高级在前面加most。 beautiful→more beautiful→most beautiful different→more different→most different easily→more easily→most easily （6）有少数形容词、副词的比较级和最高级是不规则的，必须熟记。 good→better→best well→better→best bad→worse→worst ill→worse→worst old→older/elder→oldest/eldest many/much→more→most little→less→least far →further/farther→ furthest/farthest

常用英语语法-日常

一、引出开头 1：It is well-known to us that……（我们都知道……）==As far as my knowledge is concerned, …（就我所知…） 2：Recently the problem of…… has been brought into focus. ==Nowadays there is a growing concern over ……（最近……问题引起了关注） 3：Nowadays（overpopulation）has become a problem we have to face.（现今，人口过剩已成为我们不得不面对的问题） 4：Internet has been playing an increasingly important role in our day-to-day life. It has brought a lot of benefits but has created some serious problems as well.（互联网已在我们的生活扮演着越来越重要的角色，它给我们带来了许多好处但也产生了一些严重的问题）5：With the rapid development of science and technology，more and more people believe that……（随着科技的迅速发展，越来越多的人认为……） 6：It is a common belief that……==It is commonly believed that……（人们一般认为……）7：A lot of people seem to think that……（很多人似乎认为……） 8:It is universally acknowledged that + 句子（全世界都知道...） 二、表达不同观点 1：People's views on……vary from person to person. Some hold that……However, others believe that……（人们对……的观点因人而异，有些人认为……然而其他人却认为……）2：People may have different opinions on……（人们对……可能会持有不同见解） 3：Attitudes towards （drugs）vary from person to person.==Different people hold different attitudes towards（failure）（人们对待吸毒的态度因人而异） 4:There are different opinions among people as to……（对于……人们的观点大不相同） 三、表示结尾 1：In short, it can be said that……（总之，他的意思是……） 2：From what has been mentioned above, w e can come to the conclusion that……（从上面提到的，我们可以得出结论……） 3：Taking all these factors into consideration, we naturally/reasonably come to the conclusion that……（把所有的这些因素加以考虑，我们自然可以得出结论……） 4：Hence/Therefore, we'd better come to the conclusion that……（因此，我们最好的出这样的结论……） 5:There is no doubt that (job-hopping)has its drawbacks as well as merits.（毫无疑问，跳槽有优点也有缺点） 6：All in all, we cannot live without……,but at the same time we must try to find out new ways to cope with the problems that would arise.（总之，我们没有……无法生活，但同时我们必须寻求新的解决办法来面对可能出现的新问题） 四、提出建议 1：It is high time that we put an end to the (trend).（该是我们停止这一趋势的时候了）2：There is no doubt that enough concern must be paid to the problem of……（毫无疑问，对……问题应予以足够重视） 3：Obviously ,if we want to do something … it is essential that……（显然，如果我们想要做么事，很重要的是……） 4：Only in this way can we ……（只有这样，我们才能……） 5：Spare no effort to+V（不遗余力的） 五、预示后果

生理学基本概念的中英文名词解释

绝对不应期absolute refractory period The time interval during which a cell is incapable of initiating a second action potential. 动作电位action potential An action potential is a rapid change in the membrane potential. Each action potential begins with a sudden change from the normal resting negative potential to a positive membrane potential (depolarization) and then ends with an almost equally rapid change back to the negative potential (repolarization). 主动转运active transport The movement of substances across the membrane occurs against the electrochemical gradient with the necessity of consumption of metabolic energy 后负荷afterload Afterload is the load that is given to the muscle after the beginning of the contraction. 自身调节autoregulation In certain cases, a tissue or organ can respond directly to the environmental changes, depending neither on nervous nor on humoral control. This form of regulation is called auto-regulation. 完全强直收缩complete tetanus When the frequency of stimulation reaches a critical level, the successive contractions are so rapid that they literally fused together, and the contraction appears to be completely smooth and continuous. This is called completely tetanus. 去极化depolarization The change in membrane potential away from the resting potential and toward the sodium equilibrium. 入胞endocytosis Very large particles enter the cell by a specialized function of the cell membrane called endocytosis. The principle forms of endocytosis are pinocytosis and phagocytosis. 平衡电位equilibrium potential Electrochemical equilibrium is a steady state, as in the resting membrane potential of a cell ,in which an electrical potential and chemical potential gradient are in balance and no net movement of charged particles occurs. 兴奋性excitability Excitability is the ability of certain kinds of cells (excitable cell) to generate active changes in their membrane potential. Excitability is a fundamental property common to all tissues and cells. 兴奋excitation Excitation signifies and increases in activity, such as contraction of a muscle, acceleration of the heart beat. 出胞exocytosis A stimulus to secrete causes the intracellular vesicles to fuse with the plasma membrane and to release the vesicles contents is called exocytosis. 易化扩散facilitated diffusion

英语-名词解释

名词 英语语法分为词法和句法，分别是研究词类和句子的。英语共有十大词类，他们分别是名词、动词、冠词、代词、数词、形容词、副词、介词、连词、感叹词。我们会在以后的课程中一一学习。对名词的考查，通常会与主谓一致、名词的修饰词（有的只可以修饰可数名词，有的只可以修饰不可数名词）等结合起来进行考查。名词的辨析、可数与不可数、同一名词的可数与不可数的不同意义，名词的一些习惯表达法都是考查的要点。本讲重点对名词几个常见考点进行剖析。 1.名词的意义：从英语语法角度讲，表示人物、时间、地点、事物或抽象概念的词我们通常都称其为名词。例如chairman Shanghai milk physics 等。 2.名词的种类：总体上我们将英语中的名词分为 两大类专有名词 普通名词

专有名词 个体名词可数名词 名词集体名词 普通名词物质名词 抽象名词不可数名词 (A)专有名词：表示人或物所特有的名字，通常是人名、地名、书 报刊名、团体组织、机关名称等。例如Tom ,Beijing University , the United Nations. 专有名词的第一个字母要大写。 (B)普通名词：表示一类人、事物、物质或是表示一个抽象概念的 名词。例如 worker ,TV pen 等,普通名词可以分为以下四类： (1)个体名词：表示单个的人或单个的事物的名词。Chair car (2) 集体名词：表示一群人或一些事物的总称的名词。Class army police 由于本身就是复数意义，通常不再通过加-s变成复数，但是在主谓一致关系中要看是否表示整体，如果强调的是组成 该集体的个体概念时谓语动词用复数，如果表示整体要用单数，具 体情况见主谓一致部分的讲解。

英语语法术语

常见的语法术语摘要 1.名词noun 动词verb 形容词adjective 数词numeral 代词 pronoun 2.介词preposition 副词adverb 连词conjunction 冠词article 感叹词 interjection 3.结构：structure 简单句simple sentences 并列句compound sentences 4.复合句complex sentences 倒装句inverted sentences 省略句elliptical sentences 5.陈述句declarative sentences 疑问句interrogative sentences 6.祈使句imperative sentences 感叹句exclamatory sentences 7.否定句negative sentences 被动句passive sentences 8.虚拟语气句subjunctive sentences 同义句synonymous sentences 9.歧义句ambiguous sentences 委婉句euphemisms 强调句emphasis 10.疑难句difficult sentences 叙述句narrative sentences 说明句expository sentences 11.议论句argumentative sentences 人物描写句descriptive sentences of people 12.动作描写句：descriptive sentences of actions 13.环境描写句descriptive sentences of environment 14.名人语句quotations 格言句maxims 谚语句proverbs 15.状语adverbial 补语complement 宾语object 宾语补助语objective complement 16.表语predicative 主语subject 谓语predicate 谓语动词finite verb 17.非谓语动词non-finite verb 情态动词modal verb 18.并列coordination 选择alternative 转折transition 对比contrast 19.原因cause 结果effect 20.动词时态verb tenses 21.一般现在时simple present (tense) 22.一般过去时simple past (tense) 一般将来时simple future (tense) 23.过去将来时future (tense) in the past 现在完成时present perfect (tense) 24.过去完成时past perfect (tense) 将来完成时future perfect (tense) 25.现在进行时present continuous (tense) 过去进行时past continuous (tense) 26.将来进行时future continuous (tense) 27.现在完成进行时present perfect continuous (tense) 28.主句main clause 从句subordinate clause 29.限定性定语从句restrictive attributive clause 30.非限定性定语从句non-restrictive attributive clause 31.宾语从句object clause 壮语从句adverbial clause 主语从句subject clause 32.表语从句predicative clause 同位语从句appositive clause 33.双重复合句double complex sentences 34.多重复合句multiple complex sentences 35.插入语parenthesis 36.IT引导的句子IT sentences

环境科学专业英语名词解释

【环境】相对于某中心事物而言的周围境况。与某一中心事物有关的周围事物，就是这个事物的环境。 【生态环境】生态环境指生物体周围的其他生物和无机自然界，以及与作为主体的生物之间存在着种种客观的生存、营养关系和因果关系。 【环境科学】环境科学是研究人类与环境之间相互关系的科学，涉及自然科学、社会科学和技术科学，综合性很强。 【人类生态系统】人类生态系统，是指居民与其生存环境相互作用的网络结构，也是人类对自然环境适应、加工、改造而建造起来的人工生态系统。 【恒星】由炽热气体组成的、能自己发光的天体,维持恒星辐射的能源主要是热核反应。 因短期内很难发现它们位置的相对变化,故名恒星。 【脉冲星】脉冲星，就是一种变化的恒星。因为这种星体不断地发射短暂而极有规律的电磁脉冲信号 【新星】光度突然增加的爆发性恒星。 【行星】行星指的是围绕太阳运转、自身引力足以克服其刚体力而使天体呈圆球状、并且能够清除其轨道附近其他物体。 【卫星】围绕行星运行的天体。卫星本身不发光，大小、质量相差极大，运动特性很不一致。【星云】星云银河系内太阳系以外一切非恒星状的气体尘埃云。 【地球】地球是太阳的从里往外数第三颗行星，距太阳大约有150000000公里。地球每365.256 天绕太阳运行一圈，每23.9345小时自转一圈。它的直径为12756公里，只比金星大了一百多公里。 【高原】海拔高程在600m以上，表面较为平坦或略有起伏，四周常有崖壁与较低的地形单元分界。 【丘陵】地表起伏不大、山峦林立的低矮地形 【平原】地势宽广平坦，或略有起伏。海拔高程在200m以下的称为低平原。 【盆地】四周是高原或山地，中央低平的地区，外形似盆而得名。 【地球自转】地球绕其本身轴线的旋转运动。与太阳系的大多数行星一样，自转的方向是自西向东,从从北极上空向下看，为逆时针旋转 【太阳日】以太阳作参照，地球上的任意一点连续两次经过地心与太阳圆面中心连线的时间间隔，其长度是24小时。 【太阴日】月球作为参照，地球上任意一点连续两次经过地心与月球圆面中心连线的时间间隔，其长度是24小时50分。 【自转线速度】线速度是指地球上某点在单位时间内绕地轴所转过的线距离 【自转角速度】除南北两极外，地球各处的角速度都相同，平均角速度大约为每日360°，或每小时15°。 【赤道】地球绕轴自转，称自转轴，亦称地轴。地轴与地球表面的交点，称地球两极。过地轴中点且垂直于地轴的平面与地球表面的交线，称为赤道。 【地球公转】地球沿一定轨道围绕太阳的运动，称为公转。从地球北极高空看来，地球的公转方向也是自西向东，呈逆时针方向。 【近日点、远日点】每年大约1月3日，地球最接近太阳，此时的位置称为近日点；大致7月4日，地球最远离太阳，此时的位置称为远日点。 【春分点秋分点】赤道面与天球相交的大圆，叫天赤道，黄道面与天球相交的大圆，称为黄道。天赤道与黄道有两交点，分别为春分点和秋分点；春分点与秋分点之间的两个中点分别称为夏至点和冬至点 【黄赤交角】地球的公转轨道面．叫黄道面，是通过地心的一个平面，和地轴成66°34′

初中英语语法大全(总结篇)

资料收集于网络，如有侵权请联系网站删除 1 (see 、hear 、notice 、find 、feel 、listen to 、look at (感官动词)+do eg:I like watching monkeys jump 2 （比较级and 比较级）表示越来越怎么样 3 a piece of cake =easy 小菜一碟（容易） 4 agree with sb 赞成某人 5 all kinds of 各种各样a kind of 一样 6 all over the world = the whole world 整个世界 7 along with同……一道，伴随…… eg : I will go along with you我将和你一起去 the students planted trees along with their teachers 学生同老师们一起种树 8 As soon as 一怎么样就怎么样 9 as you can see 你是知道的 10 ask for ……求助向…要…（直接接想要的东西）eg : ask you for my book 11 ask sb for sth 向某人什么 12 ask sb to do sth 询问某人某事ask sb not to do 叫某人不要做某事 13 at the age of 在……岁时eg：I am sixteen I am at the age of sixteen 14 at the beginning of …… ……的起初；……的开始 15 at the end of +地点/+时间最后；尽头；末尾eg : At the end of the day 16 at this time of year 在每年的这个时候 17 be /feel confident of sth /that clause +从句感觉/对什么有信心，自信 eg : I am / feel confident of my spoken English I feel that I can pass the test 18 be + doing 表：1 现在进行时2 将来时 19 be able to (+ v 原) = can (+ v 原）能够…… eg : She is able to sing She can sing 20 be able to do sth 能够干什么eg :she is able to sing 21 be afraid to do (of sth 恐惧，害怕…… eg : I'm afraed to go out at night I'm afraid of dog 22 be allowed to do 被允许做什么 eg: I'm allowed to watch TV 我被允许看电视I should be allowed to watch TV 我应该被允许看电视 23 be angry with sb 生某人的气eg : Don't be angry with me 24 be angry with(at) sb for doing sth 为什么而生某人的气 25 be as…原级…as 和什么一样eg : She is as tall as me 她和我一样高 26 be ashamed to 27 be away from 远离 28 be away from 从……离开 29 be bad for 对什么有害eg : Reading books in the sun is bad for your eyes 在太阳下看书对你的眼睛不好 30 be born 出生于 31 be busy doing sth 忙于做什么事be busy with sth 忙于…… 32 be careful 当心；小心 33 be different from…… 和什么不一样 34 be famous for 以……著名

英语语法1术语汇总

BE-subjunctive be-型虚拟式object complement 宾语补语 noun phrase of amount or quantity 表示数量概念的名词词组 infinitive 不定式full sentence完全句headword中心词dynamic verb 动态动词cleft sentence 分裂句main clause主句nominative absolute construction 独立主格结构direct object 直接宾语present perfective progressive现在完成进行体subject complement主语补语predicate verb 谓语动词determiner限定词ordinal numeral序数词verbless clause 无动词分句finite verb phrase限定动词词组 possessive pronoun 物主代词gender性main verb 主动词 antecedent先行项subjunctive mood 虚拟式 irregular verb 不规则动词root 词根demonstrative pronoun指示代词semi-auxiliary 半助动词compound complex sentence 并列复杂句passive voice 被动态coordinate construction 并列结构comparative clause 比较分句indefinite pronoun 不定代词 intransitive verb不及物动词vocabulary词汇bound morpheme粘附词素uncountable noun不可数名词morpheme词素central determiner中位限定词indicative mood 陈述式affix 词缀proper noun专有名词 abstract noun 抽象名词phrasal verb 词组动词 notional concord 意义一致原则auxiliary助动词active voice主动态 open class 开放词类linking verb 连系动词 historical present 历史性现在时conjunction 连词 unit noun 单位名词reflexive pronoun 反身代词 second person 第二人称unemphatic use非强调性用法 definite article 定冠词basic clause type分句基本类型 fractional numeral分数词closed class封闭词类 generic reference 类指derivative noun 派生名词 old English古英语complex sentence复杂句 relative clause 关系分句adverb phrase 副词词组 function word 功能词compound word复合词 countable noun 可数名词genitive noun 名词属格 article 冠词notional subject实义主语interjection 感叹词regular plural 规则复数transitive verb 及物动词 past perfective progressive 过去完成进行体mood 语气 implied conditional 含蓄条件句suffix后缀feminine gender阴性collective noun集体名词post-determiner后位限定词 indirect object 间接宾语principle of proximity就近原则 primary auxiliary 基本助动词sentence 句子 concord一致voice 语态common gender通性 question 疑问句base form原形SVOC主—动—宾—补结构imperative mood 祈使式predeterminer前位限定词 inflectional affix 屈折词缀number数voice态 personal pronoun 人称代词double genitive 双重属格 tense 时mood式ditransitive verb双宾语及物动词