Animal
动物实验 animal experiments
被绳之以法 be brought to justice
动物权益保护主义 animal rights activists
医学研究 medical research
残忍的 cruel /merciless / inhuman / callous / brutal
活体揭破 vivisection
麻醉 anaesthetic (BrE,n)
减轻动物的痛苦 alleviate / ease an imals’ pain
宠物是主人的伙伴 pets are conpanions of their masters
给主人心理安慰 afford their masters consolation and comfort(n) 偷猎 poach (vi,vt) / poaching(n)
某一种事物是没有替代物的 there are no replacements / substitutes / alternatives(单数去s) for sth
认为动物和人类相同的感官的观点(n) anthropomorphism
濒危动物 endangered species
Crime
触犯法律 break / violate / flout / disobey the law
犯罪 commit a crime
罪行 offences (BrE)/ crimes / criminal acts
罪犯 criminal / offender /
从犯 accomplice / accessory(n) / convicts(n)后者指帮助犯罪但为直接参与的人
受害者 victim(n)
心理创伤 trauma(n)
憎恨社会 resent society / hold a grudge against society
囚犯 inmate / convicts(n)
牢房 cell
监禁(v) imprison / incarcerate someone
教育罪犯 educate / edify(vts) criminals
宽容的 lenient(adj)
改造罪犯 reform / rehabilitate criminals
执法部门 law enforcement agencies
重罪 heinous crimes / flagitious crime / felony(n)
轻罪 petty crime / misdemeanour(BrE)
初犯的人 first-time offender
惯犯 hardened criminals / repeat criminals
遏制猖獗的犯罪 curb / halt / check(vts) the rampant(adj) crimes 再次犯罪(v) revert(vi) to crime
再次犯罪(n) recidivism
守法的公民 law-abiding citizens
遵守法律 abide by / comply with the law
无视…(v) disregard
给某人造成心理创伤 traumatise(vt) someone
抓捕 track dowm / hunt down / capture(vt)
有预谋的犯罪 premeditated crime
犯罪倾向(n) criminal tendency
Environment
1 生态系统 ecosystem / ecological system
某一地区所有植物的总称 the flora(n)
某一地区所有动物的总称 the fauna(n)
某一地区所有生物的总称 the wildlife in a region/the biota(flora+fauna) of a region
生物多样性 biodiversity(n)
生态平衡 ecological balance/ecological equilibrium(n)
2 可持续发展 sustainable development
环保主义者 environmentalist / conservationists
对环境无害的 environmentally-frendly(adj)
节约使用 conserve(vt)
保护 preserve
再利用 reuse / recycle
3 肥沃的土壤 fertile soil
贫瘠的土壤 infertile soil
耕地(n) arable land / farmland
增加农产品产量 boost crop yield
开采自然资源 exploit natural resources
4 短缺(n) shortage / scarcity / dearth / lack
5 消耗(某种资源) consume / deplete(vts)
用尽(某种资源) use up / exhaust(vts)
给资源造成很大压力 put a strain on the already stretched resources 破坏自然资源 wreak(vt) havoc(n) on natural resources
臭氧层 ozone layer
砍伐森林 deforestation(n)
污染 pollute / contaminate(vts)
有毒的 poisonous / toxic(adjs)
污水 effluent / sewage
排放 discharge
温室效应 greenhouse effect / global warming
严重的 severe / grave / grievous(adjs)
白色污染产生的垃圾 non-biodegradable garbage / wastes that cannot decompose or breakdown/inorganic trash
恶化 deteriorate / aggravate前者为自身恶化,后者为被恶化
6 可再生资源 renewable resources
不可再生资源 non-renewable resources(包括金属metals,矿产minerals,石油petroleum,
天然气natural gas,煤coal,等后三种可总称为fossil fuels)
7 各国必须携手解决环境问题 countries on this planet must join forces/
makes a concerted effort / unite(vi) to combat / tackle / resolve / address(vts) environmental problems
谴责而不是纵容 condermn rather than condone(vts) sth
严厉的措施 harsh action / measures
增强公众关于。。。的意识 raise / elevate the public awareness of sth Tourism
1 旅游景点 tourist attractions / tourist spots / places of interest
开阔眼界 push back / expand one’s vision / horizons
游客与当地人的互动 tourists can interact with the locals
促进文化交流 promote cultural communication
吸引 draw / attract / appeal to (vts)/be a magnet for somebody
亲身体验(n) first-hand experience
多种感官体验的(如听觉,触觉等) multi-sensory(adj)
相互了解 mutual understanding
2 把游客和当地人隔离 seclude/isolate(vts) the tourist from the locals
商业化 commercialise / commodity(vts)
欺骗游客的手段 tourist traps
冲突 conflict (n,vi+with) 争端(n) discord / dissension 间接体验(如通过电视或互联网n) srcond-hand experience / vicarience experience 文化遗产 cultural heritage
互联网不会让旅游业过时 the Internet will not render tourism obsolete Women & Families
1 两性平等 gender equality
性别歧视 sexism / gender discrimination
一个开明的社会 a progressive / enlightened society
2 被家务事拖累 be tied down by household chores
生育孩子 child bearing(n)
抚养孩子 child rearing(n)
母性的本能 maternal instinct
家务 housework / household chores
抚养子女的方式 parenting
代沟 generation gap / disparity
性格冲突 personality clashes
3 老年人 elderly people / senior citizens
青少年 adolescents / youngsters
家庭成员间的情感纽带 family bonds / family ties
归属感 a sense of belonging
对。。。依恋(n) an attachment to sth / an affinity for sth 贫穷的家庭 deprived family
富裕的家庭 affluent families
家庭的培养 upbringing
4 虐待 mistreat / abuse(vts)
家庭暴力 domestic violence
毒品上瘾(n) addiction to drugs / be addicted(adjs) to drugs
单亲家庭 single-parent households
濒于破裂或已经破裂的家庭 broken families / dysfunctional households
挽救 salvage(vt)
Globalistaion
(国家或者地区的)文化特性 (national or regional) cultural identity
全球文化同一化过程(n,即地区文化特征消失) global cultural homogenization(n)
文化同一性(或叫文化均质性) cultural homogeneity / cultural uniformity 全球化是一把双刃剑 Globalisation is a two-edged sword
地球村 the global village
席卷一切的潮流 sweeping trends
有机结合东西方文化 synthesize the Asian and Western culture
侵蚀 erode(v) 普遍的 universal(adj)
Development
1 生活节奏加速 the tempo / pace of life has accelerated
疲劳 fatigue(n)
抑郁症 depression
失眠 sleeplessness / sleep-deprivation / insomnia(n)
导致人与人之间疏远 create(vt)alienation(n) between people
过于功利的 materialistic / mercenary / money-worshipping(adjs)
追求最大限度利润 pursue(vt) maximum profit
交通堵塞 traffic jams / traffic congestions / gridlock最后一个是不可数名词
阻碍(v) impede / hinder / hamper / obstruct / inhibit(vts)
让人担心的 worrying / worrisome / disturbing / disquieting / disconcerting(adjs)
危害,破坏(v) undermine / spoil / do a disservice to sth / ruin / imperil
/
endanger / jeopardise(BrE) 都是vts
危害,破坏(n)harm / damage / destruction / devastation
恶化(v) worsen(vi,vt) / deteriorate(vi)
导致某种问题更加恶化 amplify(vt) / magnify(vt) / ecacerbate(vt) / aggravate(vt) a problem
缓解 ease / alleviate / mitigate(vts)
2 有特殊审美价值的老房子 old building of special aesthetic value (审美
观是aesthetic values复数)
有特殊历史意义的老房子 building of historic significance
居民 vernacular dwellings
让城市更美观 beautify(vt) the cities / better(vt) the cityscape
破旧的(房子) decrepit / rundown / rickety / dilapidated(adjs)
拆除 tear down a building / demolish a building / raze a building / knock down a building
高楼 high-rise buildings
摩天楼 skyscrapers
城市化 unbanisation(n)
城乡差距 the disparity(n) between the city and the countryside
城市的 urban
乡村的 rural
搬迁 relocate(vi,vt)
3 在家上班(v) telecommute(vi)
休闲 leisure / recreation 娱乐 entertainment / diversion
精神上的享受(n) amusement and enjoyment(n) 宽松的管理
(n) laissez-faire management(n)
运营成本(n) operating costs / overhead cost
雇用(v) recruit(vt)
会导致效率降低的(adj) counterproductive 劳动力资源 labour(BrE)
pool
4 人口爆炸 population explosion(n) / population boom
控制人口 birth control / family planning
贫穷的 needy / poverty-stricken / impoverished / deprived / destitude / indigent
富裕的 affluent / wealthy / well-off
爱慕虚荣的 pretentious / ostentatious(adjs)
缺少运动的生活方式 sedentary(adj) lifestyle
营养过剩 over-nourishment (n)
扶贫 poverty alleviation(n)
Language & Culture
1 一种可以通用的语言 a lingua franca / a universal language / a global language
英语被广泛使用 the proliferation(n) of English
英语的统治地位 the dominant role / the ascendancy / the hegemony of English
方言 dialect(n)/vernacular / the indigenous language
小语种将会消亡 lesser-known language will become extinct / obsolete 小语种的消亡(n) the extinct / demise of lesser-known languages
2 文化遗产包括有形和无形两种有形的如历史遗址,无形的如风俗习惯、仪式、
道德观念等
cultural hertiage can be divided into two groups: tangible cultural heritage such as historic sites and intangible cultural heritage such as customs, rites, rituals and mores, etc.
保护 preserve (vt)
祖先 forefathers / ancestors 后代 descendants /
posterity后面一个是不可数名词
3 少数民族 ethnic minorities
民族团结 the harmony(n) between ethnic groups / races
文化融合 cultural integration and synthesis(n)
互相影响 interaction
文化多元性 cultural diversity
丰富(v) enrich(vt)
狭隘的观念 insular / provincial / parochial(adjs) /
parochial(adjs) mentality
贬低(v) deprecate / denigrate / minimize the importance of / disparage / trivialize / discredit
。。。不是一成不变的 sth. is not set / carved in stone
Government
1 当局 authorities(n) 老百姓 citizens / the citizenry
规范,管理 regulate / administer / overse(vts) 规章制
度 rules and regulations
实施 implement(vt) 立法 legislate(vi) / make laws 严禁
(v) strictly prohibit / ban altogether
民主开放的政府 a democratic and progressive government 严格的法
律 stringent laws / legislation
2 为。。。拨款 allocate money to sth. / subsidise(vt) / be a patron
of / investin / finance(vt) / fund(vt) / dedicate money to sth.
预算 budget 税收 tax revenue(n)
政府在某方面的开支(n) government spending / expenditure on sth.
削减(v) curtail(vt) 增加 augment(vt)
当务之急(n) priority 把。。。当成当务之急 give priority to sth. 责任(n) responsibility / obligation
人道主义救援 humanitarian (adj) aid (n)
管理 administer / regulate
3 军备竞赛 arms race(n)
自卫 self-defence(BrE,n)
国土安全 expansion / aggression(n)
谋求霸权 seek / pursue(vts) hegemony(n)
恶性循环 a vicious circle(n)
地区不稳定因素 destablising factors
太空竞赛 space race(n)
武器 weapons / arms / armaments(n)
下岗工人 laid-off workers / downsized workers
失业(n) unemployment / joblessness
4 基础设施 infrastructure 比如
公共交通系统 public transport system(BrE)
电网 power grid
石油和天然气管道 pinelines
给排水系统 water supply and drainage system
Media
1 侵犯隐私 violate / intrude on / infringe on someone’s privacy
破坏某人的名誉 tarnish / sully / smear / besm irch(vts) one’s reputation
狗仔队 paparazzi(复数名词不再加s) 无处不在 prevalent / ubiquitous / pervasive(adj)
新闻界 the press
印刷媒体(如报纸杂志) the print media
报道新闻的机构 news outlets
电子媒体 the electronic media
名人 a celebrity / celebrities(plu)
时事 current affairs
丑闻 scandals
2 审查 censor(vt)
删除 delete / eliminate / excise(vts)
过多的暴力与色情内容 excessive / gratuitous violent and pornographic(adjs) contents
报道非常详尽的细节 report sth. In graphic detail
媒体炒作(n) media hype
有误导性的 misleading / misrepresented /distorted(adjs) 诈骗性的 fraudulent (adj.)
虚假的 false / bogus
夸大事实 exaggerate(vt) things / sensationalise (vt) things / blow things out of all proportions(较口语)
充斥着 be awash with / be inundated with / be saturated with sth.
掩盖(丑闻或罪行等) cover up / gloss over / whitewash
不客观的,不公正的 biased / skewed / unobjective(adjs)
3 如实的报道 factual accounts(n)
可信的 reliable / trustworthy / dependable
客观公正的 objective and balanced(adjs)
及时的 up-to-the-minute(adj) / up-to-date(adj) 前者比后者更加及时
信息量大的 informative
娱乐性强的 entertaining(adj)
有新闻价值的 newsworthy(adj)
监督 scrutiny(n) / scrutinize(vt) / monitor(vt)
揭露 expose / reveal(vts)
道德准则(n) code of ethics / code of conduct