高中英语语法倒装句

倒装句

英语句子的主语通常位于谓语动词之前，这种语序被称为正常语序。但有时出于强调或某种特殊的语法结构的需要，需要将谓语动词放在主语之前，这种语序则叫倒装语序。按倒装的形式，倒装可分为两类，一是完全倒装，二是部分倒装。完全倒装是指全部谓语放在主语之前，部分倒装是指只把助动词、情态动词或be动词放在主语之前，谓语的主体部分仍在主语之后。

一、完全倒装

1. 用于 there be 句型。

例：There are many students in the classroom.

原句自然顺序是：Many students are there in the classroom.

★2. 表示地点的here和there位于句首时，其后用完全倒装形式。这类倒装句的谓语通常是动词be和come, go等表示移动或动态的不及物动词，以及stand, lie, live等表示状态的动词(表示存在)。

例：Here comes the bus. 公共汽车来了。

There goes the last train. 最后一班火车开走了。

There stood a desk against the wall. 靠墙放着一张书桌。

注意：若主语为人称代词，则不倒装。如：

Here you are. 这就是你要的东西。（给你。）

Here it comes. 它来了。

★3. 表示方向的副词away, down, in, off, out, over, round, up 等位于句首时，其后用完全倒装语序。这类倒装句的谓语通常表示动态的不及物动词。

Out rushed the puppy. 小狗冲了出去。

Away went the girl. 那个女孩走远了。

Down came the rain and up went the umbrellas. 下雨了，伞都撑起来了。

注：若主语为人称代词，则不能用倒装。如：

In he comes. 他走了进来。

Down it came. 它掉了下来。

★4. 表示时间或顺序的副词now, then 等位于句首时，其后用完全倒装语序。这类倒装句的谓语通常表示动态的不及物动词。如：

Now comes your turn. 现在轮到你了。

Then came a new difficulty. 这时又产生了一个新的困难。

★5. 当句首状语是表示地点的介词词组时，也常引起全部倒装。

South of the city lies the factory. 工厂位于城市南部。

From the valley came a frightening sound. 一个令人害怕的声音从村子里传了出来。

Under the tree stands a little boy. 一个小男孩站在树下。

★6. 表语置于句首时，倒装结构采用“表语＋连系动词＋主语”的结构

1)形容词＋连系动词＋主语

Present at the meeting were Professor White, Professor Smith and many other guests. 出席本次会议的有怀特教授、史密斯教授和其他各位嘉宾。

2) 分词＋连系动词＋主语

Gone are the days when they could do what they liked. 他们想做什么就做什么的日子过去了。

Attending the meeting was Mr. Black. 布莱克先生出席了本次会议。

3) 介词＋连系动词＋主语

Among the goods are Christmas trees, flowers, candles and toys. 商品中有圣诞树、花、蜡烛和玩具。

Among them was my friend Jim. 他们当中就有我的朋友吉姆。

注：在表语置于句首的倒装结构中，要注意其中的谓语应与其后的主语保持一致，而不是与位于句首的表语保持一致。

In the box was a cat. 箱子里是一只猫。

In the box were two cats. 箱子里是两只猫。

7. 使用完全倒装以保持句子结构平衡，或为了强调表语或状语，或为了使上下文结构紧凑。

They arrived at a farmhouse, in front of which sat a small boy. 强调状语Inside the pyramids are the burial rooms for the kings and queens and long passages to these rooms. 保持句子结构平衡

8. 在直接引语全部或部分置于句首时，引用动词和它的主语（名词）往往要倒装。主语是代词时一般不倒装。

“You’ve made great progress this term.”sa id the teacher.

“Tom”,said his father, “ You shouldn’t make friends with such boys!”

“Let’s go,” said the man / he said.

二、部分倒装

1. 用于疑问句。

例：Do you speak English

★2. 当虚拟条件句的谓语动词含有 were, should, had 时，可省略 if ，并将 were, should, had置于句首。

例：Had you reviewed your lessons, you might have passed the examination.

Had it rained yesterday, the crops would have been saved.

Were it to rain tomorrow, the crops would be saved.

Should it rain tomorrow, the crops would be saved.

注：若条件从句为否定句，否定词not应置于主语之后，而不能与were, should, had 等缩略成Weren’t, Shouldn’t, Hadn’t而置于句首。如：

Were it not for your help, I wouldn't be doing so well. 若不是你帮忙，我现在不会干得这样好。

★3. 用于“形容词(或名词、动词、副词)＋as (though)” 引导的让步状语从句。

例：Pretty as she is, she is not clever. 尽管她很漂亮，但她不聪明。

Try as he would, he might fail again. 无论他尝试了多少次，总会失败。

Child as he is, he knows a lot. 尽管他是一个孩子，他却知道很多知识。（要特别注意位于句首的名词前习惯上不用冠词，即使其前有形容词修饰也不用冠词）Much as I have travelled, I have never seen such a beautiful place. 我旅游那么多次，却从未见过如此美丽的地方。

Successful as he is, he is not proud. 他虽然成功，但不骄傲。

Much as I li ke you, I couldn’t live with you.我尽管很喜欢你, 却不能和你在一起生活。

Fast as you read, you can’t finish the book in two days.尽管你读得很快，你总不能在两天之内就读完这本书。

★4. 用于N o sooner …than… /H ardly… when… /S carcely…when…和 Not until 的句型中。

No sooner had she gone out than the class began. 她刚走出去课就开始了。

No sooner had I got into the house than the phone rang. 我刚进屋，电话铃就响了。

Hardly had they reached Edinburgh when they were ordered to return to London. 他们刚到达爱丁堡就被命令返回伦敦。

Not until the teacher came did he finish his homework. 直到老师回来他才完成了作业。

Not until the child fell asleep did the mother leave the room. 直到孩子睡着了母亲才离开房间。

★★5. 当 never, hardly, seldom, scarcely, little, at no time, in no case, by no means, on no condition, on no accounts, under no circumstances, not only, barely, rarely, little, not a bit等含有否定意义的副词若位于句首，则其后要用部分倒装。

例：Never shall I do this again. 我再也不会这么做了。

At no time can you say “no” to the order. 你绝不可以对任何命令说“不”。

Seldom does he read in his free hours. 他空余时间很少看书。

By no means should he be left alone. 绝不能把他单独留下。

Hardly could the old man stand on his feet in the strong wind. 老人在这阵狂风中几乎站不住了。

Never will you achieve anything if you spend your time that way. 你若总是这样消磨时间，就永远不会有所成就。

Not only did he speak more correctly, but he spoke more easily. 不仅他讲得更正确，也讲得更不费劲了。

In no case should you give up. 你绝不能放弃。

On no accounts can my name be mentioned to anyone. 我的名字是绝不能向任何人提起的。

Little did they know they were to be reunited ten years later. 他们简直想不到10年后竟又能团聚。

Nowhere is drug abuse more of a problem than in the US. 没有什么地方吸毒问题比美国更严重。

★注：in no time (立即，马上)位于句首时，其后无需用倒装语序，因为该短语并不表示否定意义。须十分注意in no time和at no time的区别。

如：In no time he worked out the problem. 他马上就算出了那道题。

★6. 当状语受副词only的修饰且置于句首时，其后通常要用部分倒装的形式。

例：Only in this way can we live a happy life. 只有这样，我们才能快乐地生活。

Only when he returned home did he realize what had happened. 当他回到家里时，才知道出了什么事。

Only then did I realize the importance of study. 到那时我才意识到学习的重要。

Only by working hard can you achieve success. 只有努力工作才能成功。

Only when the class began did he realize he had left the book at home. 上课的时候他才意识到他把书丢在家里了。

★7. so / neither / nor 表示前面所说的情况也适合于后者时（意思为“也”），用“so / neither / nor+助动词+主语”这样的倒装句式 (so用于前后为肯定的情况，neither / nor用于前后为否定的情况)。如：

He can sing English songs and so can I. 他会唱英语歌，我也会。

He didn’t see the film, and neither did I.他没有看这部电影，我也没有看。

She is every beautiful and so was her mother when she was young. 她很美，她

妈妈年轻时也很美。

★注：注意该结构与表示强调或同意的“so+主语+特殊动词”结构的区别。如：

“It was cold yesterday.” “So it was.” “昨天很冷。”“的确很冷。”

“Father, you promised.” “Well, so I did.” “爸爸，你答应过的。”“嗯，是答应过。”

“He studies very hard.” “Yes, so he did and so did you.”“他学习很刻苦。”“是的，他的确学习很刻苦，你学习也很刻苦。”

★8. 在 so / such that 的结构中，若so / such置于句首，则句子部分倒装。

例：So difficult a problem is it that I can’t work it out.这个问题太难了，我解决不了。

Such a noble person is he that people all respect him. 他是一个非常高尚的人，人们都尊敬他。

★9. 当however, no matter how引导让步状语从句时，常把however / no matter how + 形容词 / 副词放在句首，此时主谓不倒装。

例：However difficult the work is, I will finish it. 无论工作有多难，我都会完成。

However much the book costs, I will buy it. 无论这本书多贵，我都会买。

10. 用于某些祝愿的句子。

例：May you succeed. 祝你成功。

高中英语语法倒装句讲解及练习(附答案)

高中英语倒装句 倒装句分为全部倒装和部分倒装 1全部倒装全部倒装是只将句子中的谓语动词全部置于主语之前。此结构通常只用于一般现在时和一般过去时。常见的结构有：1）here, there, now, then, thus等副词置于句首, 谓语动词常用be, come, go, lie, run等表示来去或状态的动词。例如：Then came the chairman. 那时总裁来了。Here is your letter. 你的信。 2). up，down，out，away，in , off, ahead放于句首Up jumped the cat and caught the mouse. Ahead sat an old woman. 3）表示地点，时间，方向等的介词短语放在句首时例如：After the head walked a group of workers. 4.“作表语的现在分词/过去分词/形容词+系动词+主语”形式的完全倒装 Seated in the front were the guests. 注意：上述全部倒装的句型结构的主语必须是名词，如果主语是人称代词则不能完全倒装。例如： Here he comes. 他来了。Away they went. 他们走开了。 2部分倒装 部分倒装是指将谓语的一部分如助动词或情态倒装至主语之前。如果句子的谓语没有助动词或情态动词，则需添加助动词do, does或did，并将其置于主语之前。 1. 句首为否定或半否定的词语，如no, not, never, seldom, little, hardly, rarely, scarely, in no way, under no circumstance, at no time决不, not until…等。例如： Never have I seen such a performance. 从未见过如此糟糕的表演。 Nowhere will you find the answer to this question. 无论如何你不会找到这个问题的答案的。 Not until the child fell asleep did the mother leave the room. 母亲一直到孩子入睡后离开房间。 当Not until引出主从复合句，主句倒装，从句不倒装。注意：如否定词不在句首不倒装。例如： The mother didn\'t leave the room until the child fell asleep. 典型例题 1）---Why can\'t I smoke here? ----At no time___ in the meeting-room A. is smoking permitted B.smoking is permitted C. smoking is it permitted D.does smoking permit 2）Not until the early years of the 19th century ___ what heat is. A. man did know B. man know C. didn\'t man know D. did man know 2.Not only…but also前面倒装，后面不倒装 Not only did he refuse the gift, he also severely criticized the sender. 他没有收下礼物，还狠狠批评了送礼的人。 3．Hardly/Scarcely…when, No sooner…than等，要倒装。 Hardly had she gone out when a student came to visit her. No sooner had she gone out than a student came to visit her. 典型例题No sooner___ than it began to rain heavily. A. the game began B.has the game begun C. did the game begin D.had the game begun 4so, neither, nor作部分倒装 so/neither/nor+be/can(should/will/could…..)/do(did/does)+sb表示\"也\"、\"也不\" 的句子要部分倒装。例如： 典型例题---Do you know Jim quarrelled with his brother? ---I don\'t know, _____. A. nor don\'t I care B. nor do I care C. I don\'t care neither D. I don\'t care also 注意：当so引出的句子用以对上文内容加以证实或肯定时，不可用倒装结构。意为\"的确如此\"。例如： Tom asked me to go to play football and so I did. ---It\'s raining hard.---So it is. 5 only在句首后接状语用总分倒装。例如： Only in this way can you learn English well. 只有这样，你才能学好英语。 如果句子为主从复合句，则主句倒装，从句不倒装。例如： Only when he is seriously ill does he ever stay in bed. 病得狠重时，他才卧床休息。 注意：如果only后的词组不是状语，不需倒装。

高中英语语法——并列句和状语从句

第12讲并列句和状语从句两个或两个以上的简单句用并列连词连在一起构成的句子叫做并列句，其基本结构是“简单句+并列连词+简单句”。并列连词有:and, but, or, so等。状语从句是在句子中起副词作用的句子。根据状语从句在句中不同的作用可分为：时间、地点、原因、目的、结果、条件、方式、让步和比较状语从句。并列连词和从属连词是高考的重要考点之一，在语法填空中通常以无提示词的方式进行考查，在短文改错中主要考查并列连词和从属连词的误用。并列句和状语从句的考点如下： 核心考点01考查并列连词 并列连词是用来连接两个或多个并列的词、短语或句子的词,主要表示并列、选择、转折、因果等关系。并列连词在句子中位置比较固定,必须位于所连接的并列单位之间;两个并列连词不能并用。 1.表示并列关系的连词 表示并列关系的连词有and,both...and...,not only...but also...,neither...nor...等。 2.表示选择关系的连词 表示选择关系的连词有or,either...or...等。 3.表示转折关系的连词 表示转折关系的连词有but,yet,while等。 4.表示因果关系的连词 表示因果关系的连词有for，so。 We listened eagerly, for he brought news of our families. 5.when作并列连词的用法

when除了作从属连词,引导时间状语从句外,还可作并列连词,其意义为“这时,那时”,相当于and at this/that time。常用于下列句式: ①sb.was doing sth.when... ②sb.was about to/going to do sth.when... ③sb.was on the point of doing sth.when... ④sb.had just done sth.when...。如: We were having a meeting when someone broke in. 我们正在开会,这时有人闯了进来。 6.while作并列连词的用法 while除了作从属连词,引导时间状语从句外,也可作并列连词,意为“而,却”,表示对比。如: He likes pop music, while I am fond of folk music. 他喜欢流行音乐,而我喜欢民间音乐。 I like playing the piano while my sister likes playing the violin. 我喜欢弹钢琴，而我妹妹喜欢拉小提琴。 典例分析1 (2017北京卷)—Peter, please send us postcards_________ we’ll know where you have visited. —No problem. 【解析】句意:——彼得, 请给我们邮寄明信片, 这样我们就能知道你参观过哪些地方。——没问题。根据句意可知，第一句中前后两个分句为因果关系, 所以填so。 【答案】so 典例分析2 He is a shy man, _________he is not afraid of anything or anyone. 【解析】句意:他是一个腼腆的人,但是他不惧怕任何人和任何事。根据前后句意可知,这里需要一个表示转折关系的连词。 【答案】but 典例分析3 You have to move out of the way_________ the truck cannot get past you. 【解析】句意:你得让让路,不然卡车过不去。根据句子结构和句意可知,空格处应该用or,表示一个否定的条件,意为“不然的话”。 【答案】or

高中英语语法最重要知识汇总

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高中英语语法权威解析九--- 祈使句

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