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祈使句和感叹句用

祈使句和感叹句用
祈使句和感叹句用

祈使句、感叹句

祈使句

1.定义:用于表达命令(最常用)、请求、劝告、警告、禁止等的句子叫做祈使句

Eg:Go and wash your hands. (去洗你的手。——命令)

Be quiet, please.(Please be quiet.)(请安静。——请求)

Be kind to our sister. (对姊妹要和善。——劝告)

Watch your steps. (走路小心。——警告)

Look out!Danger!(小心!危险!——强烈警告,已如感叹句)

Keep off the grass. (勿践草坪。——禁止)

No parking. (禁止停车。——禁止)

注意:祈使句的动词一般用动词原形(变否定,don't放在句首),句末则使用句号来表示结束.

Eg:Don't play with fire.

2.主语为第二人称,通常可省

,please.

不可省主语情况:

Eg:You go over there and sit next to Tom.

(2)当说话人强调主语或上级对下级,长者对年青人或小孩讲话时

Eg:You take care when you cross the road.

(3)当祈使句以Don't开头又要加重语气时

Eg:Don’t you be late again next time.你下次不要再来晚了。

(4)当祈使句的主语是someone,somebody,everyone,everybody等泛指第三人称时Eg:Someone open that window.

Everybody be here at7:30.

(5)当祈使句谓语部分有副词up,down,in,out,off,away等,且这些副词置于句首时Eg:Out you come.

3.表现形式

(1)肯定结构:

①Do型(即:动词原形(+宾语)+其它成分)

Eg:Please have a seat here.

注意:<1>有的祈使句在意思明确(如口号、告示)的情况下,动词可省略,只保留:名词短语;介词短语;

名词+代词/副词/形容词;形容词+名词/代词;副词+with

Eg:This way Go this way, please.

please(若用在句尾,please前加“,”)

Now for it!

Patience!

<2>加强语气,动词前加do

Eg:Do sit down.

②Be型(即:Be + 表语(名词或形容词)+其它成分)

Eg:Be a good boy!

③Let型(即:Let + 宾语 + 动词原形 + 其它成分)

Eg:Let me help you. 让我来帮你。

(2)否定结构:

①Do型和Be型的否定式都是在句首加don't构成

Eg:Don't forget me!!

Don't be late for school!

②Let型的否定式有两种:

<1>Don't + let + 宾语(第三人称) + 动词原形 + 其它成分

Eg:Don't let him go.

<2>Let + 宾语(第一人称) + not + 动词原形 + 其它成分”

Eg:Let's not say anything about it.

③no开头,表示禁止性的祈使句

Eg:No smoking!

No fishing!

4.let带头的祈使句用法

(1)表示“建议”(let后头紧跟着一个第一人称的代词宾语)

Eg:Let me try.

Let's do it.

Let me go and look for it.

注意:与直接的祈使句想比,语气更加委婉

disturb him.

Let's not disturb him.

(2)表示“间接命令”或“愿望”(动词宾语是第三人称名词或代词)

Eg:Let Robert take charge of the marketing department.

Let her join our choir.

5.祈使句的应答句

(1)肯定:I will.

(2)否定:I won't.

表示接受建议:All right/OK/Yes,let's.../A good idea等(3)Let's:

表示允许同意:You may/You can等

6.祈使句连接词(and/or/otherwise)+ 简单句

注意:连接词后引导的简单句,通常用将来时或用情态动词表示将来Eg:Try it again(=If you try it again),and you'll succeed. and/then/and then,意为:就;那么 (就);(刚)才

连接词的选择:

Or/or else/otherwise。意为否则;要不;不然的话口诀:选择连接词,只看陈述句,and叫人心欢畅,or的后果不好尝

Eg:Come early,and you’ll catch the first bus.

按祈使句去做的话,所产生的顺应结果,即令人愉快的后果

Use your head,or else you won’t find a way.

不按祈使句去做所得到的逆反结果,即产生令人不快甚至危险的后果

7.祈使句句型转换

(1)祈使句与陈述句的改写

①Do型Be型肯定祈使句 = You must …(陈述句)

Eg:Come here.=You must come here.

Be a good boy.=You must be a good boy.

否定祈使句 = You shouldn't...

Eg: that again.= You shouldn't do that again。

②Please +祈使句=Will you (please) ~?(陈述句)

Eg:Please help me.=Will you (please) help me?

Come here on time ,please.=Will you (please) come here on time ?

8.祈使句反义疑问句(详见反义疑问句)

9.祈使句变间接引语(详见间接引语)

10.区分祈使句与非谓语动词

(1)非谓语动词提前作状语,常用都好与后面分开,说明后面情况发生的时间、原因、条件、目的等

(2)注意标点符号的功能(如破折号:对前一句话的解释说明,破折号后面的句子与前面的是同样的句式结构)

Eg:①Mary,come here—everybody else,stay where you are.

Mary被逗号隔开,是呼语,所以后面是祈使句,用动原开头

破折号是对前一句话的解释说明,所以前是句子,而不是非谓语动词短语作状语

②There are eight tips in Dr.R's lecture on sleep,and one of them is : don't go to bed early

unless you think it is necessary.

unless 引导条件状从,don't go to bed early为主句

I.祈使句

[高考试题传真]

1._____it with me and I’ll see what I can do.

A.When left

B.Leaving

C.If you leave

D.Leave

2._______him and then try to copy what he does. (1999)

A.Mind

B.Glance

C.Stare at

D.Watch

3.----Alice,you feed the bird today,______?

----Yes.But I fed it yesterday. (1999)

A.do you

B.will you

C.didn’t you

D.don’t you

4._______some of this juice-----perhaps Gen’ll like it.

A.Trying

B.Try

C.To try

D.Have tried

5.______your coat at once.We must hurry.(1989)

A.Wear

B.Wearing

C.Put on

D.Putting on

6.______blood if you can and many lives will be saved

A.Giving

B.Give

C.Given

D.To give

祈使句式句子中类中一个重要的分支,用来表示请求、命令、劝告、号召和警告等口气。(一)考点归纳与讲解

1.考查祈使句的一般用法

1)______at the door before entering, please.

A.Knocked

B.To knock

C.Knocking

D.Knock

2)_____some of this juice---perhaps you’ll take it.

A.Trying

B.Try

C.To try

D.Have tried

3)_______! There is a train coming.

A.Look out

B.Look around

C.Look forward

D.Look at

2.考查祈使句的反疑问句的用法

4)Don’t smoke in the meeting room, _______?

A.do you

B.will you

C.can you

D.could you

5)----Alice,you feed the bird today,______?

----Yes.But I fed it yesterday.

A.do you

B.will you

C.didn’t you

D.don’t you

祈使句的反意疑问句形式常用will you或won’t you,但有时祈使句中再现主语you,用以强调对方语气更重,其否定结构don’t一般置于句首,即主语之前,但不论肯定形式,还是否定形式,反意问句形式通常用will you。

教你巧学巧记:

祈使句何时带主语?

普通的祈使句的主语往往不表现出来,但上述第5小题却是个带主语的祈使句。那么祈使句何时带主语呢?

一、当说话人必须指明不同的事要求不同的人去做时。如:

You clean the windows,and you(another man)mop the floor.

You go over there and sit next to Tom,while he and I stay here.

二、当说话人强调主语或上级对下级,长者对年青人或小孩讲话时,如:

You take care when you cross the road.你过马路时要小心。

You speak first.你先讲。

You listen to me.你听我说。

You be careful.你要仔细点。

三、当祈使句以Don't开头又要加重语气时。如:

Don’t you dare to cause any more trouble.你敢再捣乱。

Don’t you be late again next time.你下次不要再来晚了。

四、当祈使句的主语是someone,somebody,everyone,everybody等泛指第三人称时。如: Someone open that window.来个人把那扇窗户打开。

Everybody be here at7:30. 大家7:30到这里。

五、当说话人有急躁或厌烦等情绪时。如:

You do it right away.你立刻做这件事

You mind your own business,and leave this to me.

你别管闭事,把此事留给我好了。

六、当祈使句谓语部分有副词up,down,in,out,off,away等,且这些副词置于句首时。如:

In you jump! 你跳进去吧!

Out you come。请你出来。

由此可见,第5小题当属于第二种情况。

3.考查祈使句的简略答语形式

5)---Write to me when you get home.

---__________.

A.I must

B.I should

C.I will

D.I can

讲解:答案5.C。在回答祈使句时,肯定或否定形式常用will或won’t。

4.考查利用短语表达祈使概念

6)Don’t all speak at once! ________,please.

A.Each at once

B.Only by one time

C.One for each time

D.One at a time

讲解:答案为D。一般来讲,祈使句都要有动词,但是有些用于口号、告示等的祈使句可省略动词,只保留:①名词短语;②介词短语;③名词+代词/副词/形容词;④形容词+名词/代词;⑤副词+with等。例如:

Patience! 耐心点!

Your turn. 轮到您了。

After you! 您先请!

Now for it! 干起来吧!

On with your cap. 带上帽子。

5.考查“祈使句+and/or+陈述句”结构的用法

7)One more week, ______we’ll accomplish the task.(1999年上海)

A.or

B.so that

C.and

D.if

讲解:答案为C。“祈使句+and/or+陈述句”是一个固定句型。有时为了表达得简洁,祈使句部分常用名词短语来表达。在这个句型中,前边的祈使句相当于if引导的条件句。例如:Try it again(=If you try it again), and you’ll succeed.

One more word,and I'll get angry with you.

Another week,and the railway station will be completed.

教你巧学巧记:

巧妙确定“祈使句+陈述句”的连接词

在“祈使句+陈述句”这种句型中,祈使句和陈述句之间要用连接词。其连接词共分两类: 第一类:and,then,and then。意思是“就”、“那么(就)”、“(刚)才”。

第二类:or,or else,otherwise。意思是“否则”、“要不”、“不然的话”。

什么时候用第一类连接词,什么时候用第二类连接词呢?有一种方法可以帮助我们作出迅速而准确的决定。

请先比较下面三组例句:

(l)Come early,and you’ll catch the first bus.

Come early,or you’ll miss the first bus.

(2)Use your head,then you’ll find a way.

Use your head,or else you won’t find a way.

(3)Work hard,and then you won’t fail.

Work hard,otherwise,you’ll fail.

努力干,要不,你会失败的。

上述三组第一句中的陈述句,都表示按祈使句去做的话,所产生的顺应结果,即令人愉快的后果。而三组第二句中的陈述句,都表示不按祈使句去做所得到的逆反结果,即产生令人不快甚至危险的后果。

由此可见:凡陈述句表示的是人们所希望的后果时,就有and,then或者and then;凡陈述句表示的是人们所不希望的后果时,就用or,or else或者otherwise。

也可以用一句顺口溜来帮助记忆:

选择连接词,只看陈述句。

and叫人心欢畅,or的后果不好尝。

6.考查由let’s引导的祈使句的反意问句的用法

8)It’s a fine day. Let’s go fishing, ________?(MET1990)

A.won’t we

B.will we

C.don’t we

D.shall we

讲解:let’s引导的祈使句,包括听话者本人在内,表示建议,反意问句用shall we。但let us 引导的祈使句不包括听话者本人在内,表示请求,反意问句要用will you。例如:

Let us know whether you have difficulty,will you?

告诉我们你们是否有困难,好吗?

教你巧学巧记:

以let’s开头的祈使句,在确定其简略问句的时候,你可以这样记忆:

有“’ ”则we,无“’ ”则you。

7.考查“why not+动词原形”结构表示祈使概念的用法

9)---I usually go there by train.

---Why not______by boat for a change?(MET1992)

A.to try going

B.trying to go

C.to try and go

D.try going

讲解:“why not+动词原形”为“Why don’t you do sth.?”的另外一种表达方式,表示用以委婉提出建议,与其相类似表达祈使句概念的句型还有:You’d better/best+do sth. 例如:You’d better go to school early tomorrow.

明天你最好早点去上学。

(二)祈使句相关知识提示

1.在肯定的祈使句中,有时为了加强语气,可在动词之前加do。例如:

Do give my regards to your parents.

请务必代我向你的父母问好。

2.祈使句也可用第三人称作主语。例如:

Don’t anyone open the window.

任何人都不要开窗户。

3.祈使句可以用被动形式

Don’t be cheated by what he said.

不要被他说的话所欺骗。

4.用“No+名词或动名词”结构表示禁止的祈使,一般用于指示、标牌、布告等。例如:No smoking! 禁止吸烟!

5.用“have done…”结构表示祈使,意为“禁止”、“结束”。例如:

Have done scolding him. 不要再责备他了。

6.用“be+现在分词”结构表示祈使。例如:

Don’t be looking out of the window! 勿将头伸出窗外!

II.感叹句

[高考试题传真]

1.________we have today!

A.A fine weather

B.What a fine weather

C.How a fine weather

D.What fine weather

2.Oh,John._________you gave us!

A.How a pleasant surprise

B.How pleasant surprise

C.What a pleasant surprise

D.What pleasant surprise

3._________food you’ve cooked!

A.How a nice

B.What a nice

C.How nice

D.What nice

4._______terrible weather we’ve been having these days!

A.How a

B.What a

C.How

D.What

5.________from Beijing to London!

A.How long way it is

B.What a long way is it

C.How long way is it

D.What a long way it is

感叹句是表示喜、怒、哀、乐等强烈感情色彩的句子。感叹句由感叹词how和what引导,句末用感叹号。

1)带有how的感叹句。用来感叹形容词、副词或动词。例如:

(1)How+形容词+主语+谓语!

How happy he is! 他是多么的幸福啊!

How exciting he became when he heard the news!

当他听到这个消息时,他是多么的激动!

How beautiful the West Lake is! 西湖是多么的美丽啊!

(2)How+副词+主语+谓语!

How hard he is working now!

他现在工作得多么的努力呀!

How slowly he runs! 他跑得多么慢呀!

(3)How+主语+动词!

How her mother worried! 她母亲是多么地担心啊!

How he enjoys collecting stamps! 他是多么的喜欢集邮啊!

2)带有what的感叹句。用来感叹名词,被感叹的名词既可以是可数名词(单数形式或复数形式),也可以是不可数名词。例如:

(1)What a/an+(形容词)+单数名词+谓语!

What a fine day it is! 天气多么好啊!

What an interesting story it is!

它是多么有趣的一个故事啊!

What an honest boy he is!

他是一个多么诚实的孩子呀!

What a beautiful day it was and how happy I was!

天是多么的好, 我是多么的高兴啊!

(2)What+(形容词)+复数名词+谓语!

What funny stories they are!

他们是多么可笑的故事啊!

What beautiful colours they are!

它们的颜色是多么的漂亮啊!

What terrible earthquakes they are!

多么可怕的地震啊!

(3)What+(形容词)+不可数名词+谓语!

What great progress he has made!

他取得了多么大的进步呀!

What terrible weather we met!

我们那时遇到了多么可怕的天气啊!

教你巧学巧记:

我们在实际的运用中,只记住“what之后接名词,how之后接形容词或副词”这句话是不够的,认真比较这些句型,发现运用“逆推法”可快速准确地辨别感叹句的引导词。

“逆推法”:即从一个句子的结尾往该句的开头看。下面以举介绍具体步骤如下:

_________ bright girls they are!

A. What

B. What a

C. How

D. How a

l.找谓语动词谓语动词通常是连系动词、行为动词及其他的助动词等所有动词。如:________bright they are!中的谓语动词是连系动词are。

2.找主语,划竖线找谓语动词的目的是找主语,谓语动词之前的名词或代词即是该句的主语,并在主语之前划两条竖线。如: _______bright girls//they are!中谓语动词are之前的代词they是主语。在主语they之前划“//”线。

3.判别竖线之前单词的词性这一步是关键,判别该词的词性是名词还是形容词、副词。如:______bright girls//they are!之前的词是名词girls。

4.确定引导词如果竖线之前的词是形容词、副词则用how引导;如果该词是名词,则不论名词前是否有形容词都直接用What引导(只有单数可数名词用Whata/an引导)。如:______bright girls//they are!中竖线前的girls是名词(且不是单数),尽管前面有形容词bright也不能用how。

此外,如果运用“逆推法”找不到该句谓语动词,说明该句主语和谓语都被省略,这时只要判断该句最后单词的词性即可按上述方法进行判定。如例4中的主语和谓语都被省略,最后一个词weather是不可数名词,直接用what引导。

巩固性练习:

1._______this book and tell me what you think of it.

A.Look through

B.Look on

C.Look into

D.Look up

2.---Alice,you feed the bird today, _________?

---But I fed it yesterday.

A.do you

B.will you

C.didn’t you

D.don’t you

3.---Please don’t make a noise.

---_________.(MET1992)

A.I don’t

B.I won’t

C.No,I won’t

D.Yes,I will

4.______down the radio——the baby’s asleep in the next room.

A.Turning

B.To turn

C.Turned

D.Turn

5.______he has sent us!

A.What nice gift

B.How nice gift

C.What a nice gift

D.How a nice gift

6.______good information it is!

A.How

B.What

C.How a

D.What a

7._______exciting the film is!

A.What

B.How

C.So

D.How much

8._______the farmers worked last summer!But the crops were still poor because of the floods.

A.How

B.How diligent

C.What

D.How careful

9.________pity!I hope you will return one day.

A.How

B.What

C.How a

D.What a

10.When we went there,the girls were singing._______it was!

A.What lovely song

B.How lovely song

C.What lovely a song

D.How lovely a song

11._______she is!

A.What a pretty girl

B.How pretty a girl

C.How pretty girl

D.both A and B

12.________lovely boys they are!

A.What a

B.What

C.How

D.both B and C

祈使句感叹句练习题

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教案--祈使句和感叹句

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(二)由How引导的感叹句。 注意,how引导的感叹句,主体部分是形容词、副词或动词。 1、How+形容词(副词)+主谓+! 例句:How hard the workers are working! 工人工作是多么努力啊! How clever the girl is! 那女孩是多么聪明啊! How quickly the boy is writing! 那男孩写得多快啊! How fast he runs! 他跑得多么快啊! 2、How+主谓+! 例句:How time flies! 时光飞逝! (三)注意: 1、当how修饰副词时,动词不跟着感叹词提到主语之前,保持感叹词+感叹部分+主谓这个结构。 如: How fast the runner runs! 2、what引导的感叹句与how引导的感叹句可以相互转换,转换后意义不变。这种转换在初中英语句型转换题型中经常出现。 如: What an interesting story it is! = How interesting the story is! = How interesting this story is= How interesting that story is What interesting stories they are! = How interesting the stories are! = How interesting these stories are! = How interesting those stories are! What a beautiful building it is! = How beautiful the building is! = How beautiful this building is! = How beautiful that building is!

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英语祈使句和感叹句专项练习题

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