高中英语语法精炼 第四章 情态动词

第四章情态动词

情态动词表示说话人对动作或状态的各种观点和态度，如需要、猜测、意愿或怀疑等。情态动词有词义，但不完全，是所谓的“辅助性”动词，在句中不能单独充当谓语。

一、情态动词的特征和形式

A.情态动词的各种形式见下表：

情态动词

may

might

can

could

must

have to

ought to

will

would

shall

should

need

dare

used to

否定式

may not

might not

cannotcan not

could not

must not

do not have to

ought not to

will not

would not

shall not

should not

need not

dare not

used not to

did not use to

简略否定式

mayn't（老式英语，现在不常见） mightn't

can't

couldn't

mustn't

don't have to

oughtn't to（否定句中to可省略） won't

wouldn't

shan't（只用于英国英语）

shouldn't

needn't

daren't

usedn't to

didn't use to

B．情态动词除ought to, used to等外，后面只接不带to的不定式。

1．情态动词+do

You shouldn't be so careless.你不该这样粗心大意。

Jessica told him yesterday she might not go on the trip.

杰西卡昨天告诉他，她可能不去旅行了。

Difficulties can and must be overcome.

困难能够而且必须克服。

2．情态动词+be doing

She must be listening to pop music.

她肯定在听流行音乐。

You should be reviewing your lessons.

你应该在复习功课。

My mother maymight be cooking now.

我妈妈可能正在做饭。

3．情态动词+have done

They might have visited the Great Wall.

他们可能参观过长城了。

He must have got up very early to catch the train.

他一定起得很早去赶火车了。

You ought to have come earlier.

你本该早一点儿来。

4．情态动词+be done

This word can also be used as a verb.

这个词也可以用作动词。

Something must be done to stop pollution.

必须采取措施来制止污染。

The work ought to have been finished long ago.

这工作早就该完成了。

C.情态动词第三人称单数一般现在时没有词形变化。

You ought to wear a raincoat.

你应该穿件雨衣。

She ought to wear a raincoat.

她应该穿件雨衣。

Plants must have oxygen in order to live.

为了存活植物必须有氧气。

A plant must have oxygen in order to live.

为了存活植物必须有氧气。

D.情态动词的时态并不是区分时间的主要标志。在一些场合中，情态动词的现在式和过去式都可以表示现在时间、过去时间或将来时间。

I'm afraid it might rain tonight.

我看今晚可能要下雨。

Could I borrow your thermos

我可以借用你的暖水瓶吗？

It's a nice day today. We could go for a walk.

今天天气不错，我们可以出去散散步。

E.情态动词是互相排斥的，一般不允许两个意义相近的情态动词连用。

【误】Soldiers must have to obey orders.

【正】Soldiers have to obey orders.

军人必须服从命令。

【正】Soldiers must obey orders.

军人必须服从命令。

【误】Can I be able to borrow two books at a time

【正】Can I borrow two books at a time

我能一次借两本书吗？

【正】Will I be able to borrow two books at a time

我能一次借两本书吗？

一、情态动词的意义和用法

A. may和might

1．表示请求、许可，常译为“可以”。

在口语中可用can, could代替may，但在正式场合用may。表示允许时，也可用might代替，might不表示过去时，而是表示口气比较婉转。

You may take this seat if you like.

如果你喜欢可以坐这个位置。

MayCan Could Might I have a talk with you

我可以和你谈谈吗？

--- MayMight I come into the room to see my mother

我可以进房间看我母亲吗？

--- No, you mustn't. She needs to have a good rest.

不，你不能进。她需要好好休息。

提示：

May I ...问句常见的肯定回答和否定回答。

肯定回答

Yes, please.

Certainly.

Yes, of course.

Sure.

Go ahead, please.

否定回答

No, you can't.（最常见）

No, you mustn't.（具有强烈禁止的意思）

Please don't. You'd better not.

I don't think you can.

I'm sorry it's not allowed.

2．表示推测，可译为“可能，也许”。

Your math teacher maymight be in his office. 你们的数学老师可能在办公室里。（一般情况下，might表示的可能性很小）

The light isn't on. It maymight be broken.

那盏灯没有亮，它可能坏了。

There may might be some ink left in the bottle.

瓶子里也许还剩点儿墨水。

注意：

用may表示推测一般不用于疑问句，在疑问句中通常用can来代替。

Can he be at home

他可能在家吗？

--- Can it be true

这可能是真的吗？

--- It may be, or may not be.

可能是，也可能不是。

3．用在目的状语从句中，构成谓语。

He wants to take a taxi so that he may get there in time.

他想坐出租车，这样他就能及时到达那里。

I arrived at the airport earlier in order that I might meet him.

我早早地就到了机场为了能接到他。

4．有时可以用于祈使句表示祝愿。

May you succeed.

祝你成功

May you be happy.

祝你快乐。

May that day come soon.

希望这一天早日到来。

B. can和could

1．表示能力，可译为“能，会”。

I can swim.我会游泳。

Emily can dance well and her mother could dance well when she was young.

艾米丽舞跳得很好，她妈妈年轻时舞跳得也很好。

The cinema can seat 1,000 people.

这电影院能容纳1，000人。

I could not read such an easy book when I was 7 years old.

我七岁时连如此简单的书我也看不懂。

2．表示允许、许可，常用在口语中。could比can语气上要客气。

--- Could I use your dictionary

我可以用一下你的字典吗？

---Yes, go ahead.

可以，用吧。（或Yes, you can.但不能说Yes, you could.）

Could Can you tell me how to get to the zoo

劳驾，你能告诉我怎么去动物园吗？

He asked me whether he could take the book out of the reading room.

他问我可不可以把书带出阅览室。

3．表示推测，可用于肯定句（can罕见）、否定句和疑问句，但更常见于疑问句或否定句。在此种用法中can和could没有时态的区别，只是表示可能性的大小，can表示推测的可能性比could大。

Can he be ill at home

他会是生病在家吗？

Can the story be true

这个故事会是真的吗？

He cannot be at home.

他不可能在家。

You mustn't smoke while you are walking around in the woods. You could start a fire.

在林子里走时一定不要吸烟，那样可能会引起火灾。

4．表示惊异、怀疑、不相信等态度，主要用于否定句和疑问句中。

How can you be so careless

你怎么这么粗心？

Where can could they have gone

他们会去了哪里？

He can'tcouldn't be over sixty.

他不可能超过60岁。

5．Could可以用在虚拟条件句中。

If I could fly, I should be very happy.

如果我能飞，我会很高兴。

If you had followed my advice, you could have finished it.

如果你当时听我的，你早就做完了。

If you had tried harder, you could have passed your exam.

如果你再努力些，你就能通过考试了。

６．can与be able to的区别

①can表示“能力”时，和be able to相当，许多场合都可以互相替换。但当叙述过去经过一番努力才能完成的事情或前面有特殊说明，表示你有能力时，只能用be able to。

【正】Can you speak any foreign languages

你会说外语吗？

【正】Are you able to speak any foreign languages

你会说外语吗？

【误】The fire spread the building quickly but everybody could escape. 【正】The fire spread the building quickly but everybody was able to escape.

大火迅速蔓延到整幢大楼，但大家都逃了出来。

【正】The fire spread the building quickly but everybody managed to escape. 大火迅速蔓延到整幢大楼，但大家都想法逃了出来。

②be able to比can有更多形式。

No one could answer the question.

没人能回答这个问题。（这里could可用was able to代替）

When he grows up, he will be able to support his family.

他长大后就能养家了。

Frank is ill. He hasn't been able to go to school for one week.

弗兰克病了，已经一周没去上学了。

I'm sorry for not being able to help you in time.

对不起，不能及时帮你的忙。

③could经常和动词see, hear, smell, taste, feel, remember, understand 等连用。

When we went into the house, we could smell something burning.

当我们走进屋子时，我们闻到什么东西烧焦了。（不用was able to）

She spoke in a very low voice, but I could understand what she said. 虽然她讲话的声音很低，但我还是明白了她说的话。

④在谈论说话时发生的动作，用can，不用be able to。

【误】Look! I'm able to swim.

【正】Look! I can swim.

看，我会游泳了！

C．must和have to

1．must表示有做某一动作的必要或义务，强调主观看法，可译为“必须，应该”。 Everyone must obey the rule.

人人都必须遵守制度。

We must do everything step by step.

我们必须逐步做每件事。

Teachers must be patient enough with their students.

老师必须对学生有足够的耐心。

2．have to表示因客观需要促使主语不得不做某事。

You can't turn right here. You have to turn left.

你不能在这里右拐，你必须左拐。

My eyesight is very poor. I have to wear glasses for reading.

我的视力很差，看书时不得不戴眼镜。

You have to pass a test before you can get a driving licence.

你在取得驾照之前必须先通过考试。

提示：

在口语中，我们可以使用have got to来代替have to.

I've got to work on Sunday.

我不得不星期天工作。

When has Ann got to go

安必须什么时候走？

3．must与have to的比较。

must与have to在表示“必须”这个意思时意义相近，但在用法上有所区别。

①must含有说话者的强烈决意（表示主观的看法），have to则表示外力环境或习惯使然（即表示客观的必要，作“不得不”解）。

I must study hard.

我必须努力学习。（发自内心的决定）

I have to study hard.

我不得不努力学习。（外界因素逼迫）

You must stay for supper.

你必须留下来吃晚饭。（because I want you to）

You have to stay for supper.

你得留下来吃晚饭。（because there is nowhere else to go）

②must只有一种形式，而have to可有多种时态。

They had to put off the sports meet due to the bad weather.

由于坏天气，他们不得不推迟运动会。

These last two days he has had to take a rest at home.

这两天他必须一直在家休息。

③must的否定式和have to的否定式的意思完全不同。

You must keep it a secret. You mustn't tell anyone.

你必须保密，你不可以告诉任何人。（mustn't表示“禁止”）

You don't have to tell me the secret.你不必告诉我这个秘密。

（don't have to意思是“没有必要”= don't need to）

4．must用于表示推测，它的肯定程度比may, might, could大得多，一般只用于肯定句。

①must do (这里的do通常是状态动词或系动词)，表示对现在状态的推测。

He must be very lazy for his desk is very untidy.

他肯定很懒，因为他的课桌很不整洁。

Carol must get very bored with her job. She does the same thing every day. 卡罗尔肯定对她的工作厌烦了，她每天都做同样的事。

②must b e doing表示对现在动作或状态的推测。

Put on more clothes. You must be feeling cold with only a shirt on.

多穿点儿衣服，你只穿一件衬衣，肯定觉得冷。

③must have done表示对过去的动作或状态的推测。

The ground is wet. It must have rained last night.

地面是湿的，昨晚肯定下雨了。

I didn't hear the phone. I must have been asleep.

我没听见电话铃响，我一定是睡着了。

提示：

must表示推测只用于肯定句，否定句和疑问句要用can, could来代替must。

He's just had his lunch. He can't be hungry already.

他刚吃过午饭，不会饿的。

They have just arrived here. They can't know many people.

他们刚到这里，不可能认识很多人。

Leslie walked past me without speaking. He can'tcouldn't have seen me. 莱斯利从我身边走过而没打招呼，他肯定没看见我。

5．must可用来表示根据逻辑推理必然要发生的事，可译为“必然会，总是会”。 We all must die.

我们都会死。

Truth must be out.

真相必然会大白的。

Winter must be followed by spring.

冬天到了，春天还会远吗？

6．must有时可用来表示“偏偏”的意思。

Why must it rain today

为什么偏偏在今天下雨？

When I was taking a nap, a student must knock at the door.

正当我午睡时，偏偏一个学生在这个时候来敲门。

D．will和would

1.will和would可用于第二人称疑问句，表示请求和建议等。would比will委婉客气。

Will you have some tea

你喝点茶，好吗？

Will you share your happiness with us

你可以把你的欢乐与我们共享吗？

Would you pass this book to the student in the last row

请你把这本书传给最后一排的学生好吗？

必背：

WillWould you ...表示请求和建议的答复。

肯定回答

Yes, please.是的，请。

Certainly.当然可以。

Sure.当然了。

All right.好啊！

否定回答

I'm sorry. I can't.对不起，不行。

No, thank you.不，不行。

No, I won't.不，不行。

2．will和would可表示意志、愿望和决心，用于各种人称陈述句。

I will do anything for you.

我愿为你做任何事。

I will never tell you the secret.

我永远不会告诉你这个秘密。

None is so blind as those who won't see.

不愿看的人眼睛最瞎。

They would not let him in because he was poorly dressed.

他们不让他进去因为他衣着破旧。

3．will和would可表示某种倾向或习惯性动作。will表示现在的习惯动作，would 表示过去的习惯动作。

He will surf the Internet every night.

他每天晚上都在上网。

The boy will sit there hour after hour looking at the traffic go by. 那男孩常常坐在那儿好几个钟头，看着车辆行人通过。

He would be nervous when he met strangers.

遇见陌生人时他总是很紧张。

In class he would ask some silly questions, and his classmates would laugh at him.

课上，他总是问一些蠢问题，他的同学们总是嘲笑他。

4．will可表示固执坚持，这时will不可使用'll的简略形式。用于非人称主语时，表示物体的固有性质和倾向。

I will take the job, and no one can stop me.

我就要这个工作，没有人可阻止我。

He won't do what he's told.

他就是不愿按所吩咐的去做。

The window won't open.

窗子打不开。

This glass will not crack under heavy pressure.

这种玻璃在重压下也不会破碎。

5．will表示将来时间时，不可用于条件状语从句，但will表示意愿或决心时，可用于条件状语从句。

If you will read the book, I'll lend it to you.

如果你愿意读这本书，我会把它借给你。

If you will give up smoking, your health will improve.

如果你愿意把烟戒掉的话，你的健康状况就会好转。

6．will和would可表示推论或猜测。

The patient took the sleeping pills an hour ago. He will be asleep now. 病人一小时前吃的安眠药，现在应该睡着了。

It would be about ten when he left home.

他大约在十点钟离开的家。

I thought he would have told you about it.

我认为他已告知你此事。

It would be raining when she went home.

她回家时可能正在下雨。

比较：

Would you like ...表示邀请

Do you like ...表示习惯

——Do you like going go the cinema

你喜欢看电影吗？

——Yes,I go to the cinema a lot.

是的，我经常去看电影。

——Would you like to go to the cinema tonight

今天晚上去看电影好吗？

——Yes,I'd love to.

非常乐意。

E．shall和should

1．shall

①表示征询意见或请求指示，用于一、三人称疑问句。

Shall I carry it for you

我来帮你搬它，好吗？

Shall we sing a song

我们唱一支歌，好吗？

Shall they wait outside

让他们在外面等吗？

Shall the waiter bring meals to your room

要服务员把饭送到你房间去吗？

提示：

Shall I open the window

我打开窗子好吗？

Will you open the window

你打开窗子好吗？

Shall he open the window

他打开窗子好吗？

②表示说话人的意愿，有“命令、允诺、警告、决心”等意思，用于第二、三人称陈述句中。

You shall do as I say.

按我说的做。（命令）

He shall be sorry for it one day, I tell you.

我告诉你，总有一天他会后悔的。（警告）

You shall fall behind in your exam if you keep playing.

如果你一直玩，你就会在考试中落后。

Nothing shall stop us from carrying out the plan.

什么也阻止不了我们执行这项计划。（决心）

He shall have the book when I finish reading.

我看完这本书就给他看。（允诺）

I shall do my homework after reading this story book.

读完这本故事书后我就做作业。

2．should

①表示义务，意为“应该”（某件事宜于做），用于各种人称。

Children should obey their parents.

儿童应该服从他们的父母。

One shouldn't be selfish.

人千万别自私。

Customers who get bad service should complain, shouldn't they 没有得到满意服务的顾客应该抱怨，不是吗？

②常与what, how, why等词连用，表示意外、惊讶等情绪。

How should I know

我怎么会知道呢

Why should I fear

我为什么会害怕？

What should she do but cry for help

除了呼救外，她还能干什么？

I don't know why you should think I did it.

我真不知道你凭什么认为这件事是我干的。

③表示对过去、现在或将来情况的某种推测，可译为“可能、照说应该”。 It should be fine tomorrow.

明天可能天是晴天。

He should be taking a bath now.

他可能在洗澡。

It's nearly seven o'clock. Jack should be here at any moment.

已经快七点了，杰克随时都可能到这儿。

The film should be very good as it is starring first-class actors. 这部新电影是一流演员主演的，估计拍得很好。

④表示对现在或以前的动作的责怪、批评（应做的事却没做）。

The boys shouldn't be playing football. They should be at school. 这些男孩子不应该在踢足球，他们应该在上课。

You shouldn't have entered the teachers' office without permission. 没有允许你们不应该进老师办公室。

F．ought to

1．表示义务，意为“应该”（因责任、义务而该做），口气比should稍重。 We ought to defend our country.

我们应当保卫我们的国家。（每一个公民应尽的义务）

You ought to respect your parents.

你应当尊敬你的父母。

Oughtn't we to do everything possible to stop pollution

难道我们不应当尽可能地制止污染吗？

2．表示推测，暗含很大的可能，可译为“应该是，会是”。

Prices ought to come down soon.

价格可能会很快下跌。

Han Mei ought to know his telephone number.

韩梅该知道他的电话号码。

There's a fine sunset; it ought to be a fine day tomorrow.

今天有晚霞，明天应该是个好天。

3．ought to和should一样，表示对现在或以前应做的事却没做的责怪、批评。 You ought to be washing your clothes. Why are you playing Ping-Pong

你应该在洗衣服（可是你没洗）。为什么你在打乒乓球？

You ought to have handed in the exercise last week.

你上周就应当交练习。（可你没交，含责备的意思。）

He ought to have asked me before he took my bike.

他在用我自行车之前应该和我讲一声。

4．ought to与should的比较。

ought to和should的含义较近，但不完全相同。ought to表示“应该”，是从“义务”或“按理推断”的角度来讲的。should则是从说话人的个人看法这一角度来讲的。

You are her mother. You ought to look after her.

你是她的母亲，你应当照管她。（是道义上的责任，不能和should互换。）

We should encourage him for we are his classmates.

我们应该鼓励他，我们是他的同班同学啊！

提示：

表示“义务”时，我们在口语中可以用had better或be supposed to来代替should和ought to。

If you are not well, you had better ask Alice to go instead.

如果你不舒服，你最好叫艾丽丝代替你去。

高中英语语法大全

（1）表语从句 1．定义：用作表语的从句叫做表语从句。 2．构成：关联词+简单句 3．引导表语从句的关联词的种类： (1) 从属连词that。如： The trouble is that I have lost his address. 麻烦是我把他的地址丢了。 (2) 从属连词whether, as, as if。如： He looked just as he had looked ten years before. 他看起来还与十年前一样。 The question is whether they will be able to help us. 问题是他们是否能帮我们。 注：从属连词if一般不用来引导表语从句，但as if却可引导表语从句，如： All this was over twenty years ago, but it's as if it was only yesterday. gh能跟表语从句的谓语动词一般为系动词be, seem, look等。如： It looked as if it was going to rain. 看起来天要下雨了。 连接副词 where, when, how, why。 如：The problem is who we can get to replace her. 问题是我们能找到谁去替换她呢。 The question is how he did it. 问题是他是如何做此事的。 That was what she did this morning on reaching the attic. 那就是她今晨上了阁楼干的。 解释： 1．连词because可引导表语从句。如： I think it is because you are doing too much. 我想这是因为你做得太多。 2．在一些表示“建议、劝说、命令”的名词后面的表语从句中，谓语动词用虚拟语气。should+动词原形表示，should可省略。如： My suggestion is that we (should) start early tomorrow. 我的建议是我们明天一早就出发。（2）主语从句 1．定义：用作主语的从句叫做主语从句。 2．构成：关联词+简单句 3．引导主语从句的关联词有三类： (1) 从属连词that。如：That they were in truth sisters was clear from the facial resemblance between them. 很明显，她们确是亲姐妹，她们的脸型很相似。 (2) 从属连词whether。如： Whether he’ll come here isn’t clear. 他是否会来这里还不清楚。 (3) 连接代词who, whom, whose, what, which, whoever, whatever, whichever 连接副词 where, when, how, why。如： What she did is not yet known. 她干了什么尚不清楚。 How this happened is not clear to anyone. 这事怎样发生的，谁也不清楚。 Whoever comes is welcome. 不论谁来都欢迎。 Wherever you are is my home ---- my only home. 你所在的任何地方就是我的家----我唯一的家。 解释： 1．主语从句能用it作形式上的主语。常以it作形式主语的句型有： A. It+be+形容词(obvious, true, natural, surprising, good, wonderful, funny, possible, likely, certain, probable, etc.)+that从句。如： It is certain that she will do well in her exam. 毫无疑问她考试成绩会很好。 It is probable that he told her everything. 很可能他把一切都告诉她了。 B. It+be+名词词组(no wonder, an honour, a good thing, a pity, no surprise, etc.)+that

情态动词表推测-精讲精练

情态动词用于推测的情况，指对某事情的发生与否进行推测，后面接不同的内容表示对不同的时态所发生的事情与否进行推测。 1.情态动词+动词原形对应于一般现在时，表示对经常发生的，有规律的事情的推测 2.情态动词+be+v-ing 对应于现在进行时，表示对正在发生的事情的推测 3.情态动词+have+v-ed 对应于现在完成时及一般过去时，表示对过去的或已经完成的事情的推测 对某事情的发生与否进行推测常用的情态动词： 1.对事情的肯定的，完全有把握的推测用must，意思为“一定” 2.对事情的肯定的，不是完全有把握的推测，依照对其发生概率的肯定程度的强弱大小，依次用could, may, might,其肯定程度逐渐减弱，意思为“可能”。 3.对事情的否定的，完全有把握的推 测用can't，表示“一定不，不可能” 4.而疑问句中表示推测时，用can, could, 表示“可能” 所以两个部分结合起来 1. must be 一定是 could/may/might be 可能是 can’t be 一定不是，不可能是

must do sth 一定... could/may/might do sth 可能... can’t do sth 一定不/不可能... You must be hungry, you haven’t had anything since yesterday. They must be twins. They look quite the same. That can’t be Mary. She is in hospital. You can’t be hungry, you have just had lunch. There is someone outside. Who can it be? Can he still be alive after these years? He is not at home, he could/may/might be at school. Anna could/may/might know her address. He said he could/may/might be a little late. I guess he could/may/might come tomorrow. 2.must be doing sth 一定在做某事 could/may/might be doing sth 可能在做某事 can’t be doing sth一定不在做某事 There is a lot of noise from next door. They must be having a party. The police are stopping all the cars. They must be looking for the bad man. What can she be doing now? She can’t be telling the truth.

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C. did the game begin D. had the game begun 5. Nowhere else in the world _____ more friendly people than in China. A. you will find B. can you be able to find C. you may have found D. can you find 6. ______ did the students realize they were mistaken. A. It was until B. It was not until then C. Not until then D. Not until 7. Not only ______ a promise, but he also kept it. A. did he make B. he made C. had he made D. he had made 8. --- What happened to his new car? --- No sooner _______ it than someone ran into it.

高中英语语法大全归纳总结-高中语法归纳总结

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高中英语语法精讲精练

高中英语语法精讲精练

高中英语语法精讲精练 (一) 倒装句与强调结构 (2) (二) 定语从句 (8) (三) 分词与动名词 (13) (四) 动词不定式 (19) (五) 情态动词 (25) (六) 虚拟语气 (31) (八) 名词性从句和状语从句 (37) (九)冠词、名词 (43) (十)代词、形容词和副词 (49) 答案 (55) 17

(一) 倒装句与强调结构 1._______ smoking, he would not have got cancer in the lung. A. Was he given up B. Had he given up C. Did he give up D. If he gave up 2. Only when he had done it _______ that he had made a mistake. A. he then realized B. did he realize C. before D. he realized 3. Not until he got off the bus ______ that he had got his wallet stolen. A. he found B. did he find C. he had found D. had he found 4. Hardly ______ when it started raining. 17

A. the game had begun B. the game began C. did the game begin D. had the game begun 5. Nowhere else in the world _____ more friendly people than in China. A. you will find B. can you be able to find C. you may have found D. can you find 6. ______ did the students realize they were mistaken. A. It was until B. It was not until then C. Not until then D. Not until 7. Not only ______ a promise, but he also kept it. 17

《高中英语语法汇总》

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高中英语语法专题精讲精练-动名词解析

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最高考高考英语语法精讲精练专题七情态动词和虚拟语气常考点

最高考届高考英语语法精讲精练-专题七-情态动词和虚拟语气常考点

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专题七情态动词和虚拟语气常考点 近两年考查情态动词和虚拟语气的频率呈上升趋势。从整体上把握情态动词的语法特征和语义特征，能够准确理解不同情态动词的细微差异，认真区别具有相同功能、意思相近的情态动词的用法，在真实的交际情景中印证和领悟情态动词的用法和特征。 1情态动词所表示的多种含义 1. can和could的用法 ①表示能力。如： I can run fast. ②表示客观可能性。如： An experienced driver can have an accident at times. ③表示请求和允许。用could 语气更委婉。如： —Can/Could I go now? —Yes，you can. ④表示猜测、惊异、怀疑、不相信的态度(主要用于否定句、疑问句或惊叹句中)。如： Can this be true?

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