自考综合英语一下册课文及翻译

综合英语（一）下

Lesson One

The Story of an Hour 一小时的故事

Kate Chopin

Learning Guide

一位已婚女士闻其丈夫惨死于火车事故，不顾自己衰弱的心脏能否经受得住，当即入放声痛哭，随后又不顾亲友的劝告将自己锁在屋内。她推开窗子，迎来外面雨后的一片春意盎然。那充满生机的景象突然唤醒了长期隐藏在她心底深处的愿望，她感到了身心从未有过的自由。正当她憧憬着未来的自由时……

1They knew that Louise Mallard had a weak heart. So they broke the bad news gently. Her husband, Brently, was dead.

他们知道路易丝·马拉德的心脏不太好，所以把坏消息透露给她时非常委婉。她的丈夫布伦特里死了。

2“There was a train accident, Louise,” said her sister Josephine, quietly.

3Her husband's friend, Richards, brought the news, but Josephine told the story. She spoke in broken sentences.

4“Richards… was at the newspaper office. News of the accident came. Louise… Louise, Brently's name was on the list. Brently…was killed, Louise.”

“出了一次火车事故，路易丝。”姐姐约瑟芬轻声说道。

带来消息的是她丈夫的朋友理查兹，但告诉她的是约瑟芬。约瑟芬在讲述时语不成句。

“理查兹当时正在报社，消息传了过来。路易丝……路易丝，死者的名单上有布伦特里的名字。布伦特里……遇难了，路易丝。”

路易丝听到这个噩耗，没有像有些妇女所可能表现的那样平静。她不可能做到无动于衷。泪水像突如其来的暴雨，夺眶而出。她立时呼号起来，在姐姐的怀里放声大哭。随后她的泪水就像它们突然来时的那样又突然止住了。她独自走进自己的房间，不让任何人跟着进去。

6In front of the window stood a large, comfortable armchair. Into this she sank and looked out of the window. She was physically exhausted after her tears. Her body felt cold; her mind and heart were empty.

7Outside her window she could see the trees. The air smelled like spring rain. She could hear

someone singing far away. Birds sang near the house. Blue sky showed between the clouds. She

rested.

窗前放着一把又大又舒适的扶手椅。她疲惫地坐到椅子上，向窗外望去。哭过之后，她筋疲力尽。她浑身冰凉，脑子里和心里一片空白。

窗外，她能看到一片树木，空气闻起来就像春雨过后。她还能听到远处有人在唱歌，房子附近也有鸟儿在歌唱，白云间露出一片片蓝天。她平静了下来。

8She sat quietly, but a few weak tears still fell. She was young, with a fair, calm face that showed a certain strength. But now there was a dull stare in her eyes. She looked out of the window at the blue sky. She was not thinking, or seeing. She was waiting.

她静静地坐着，又有几滴泪水掉落下来。她很年轻，白皙安详的脸上显露出一种毅力。但此时此刻，她的眼神中没有一丝生气。她望着窗外的蓝天。她不是在想，也不是在看，而是在等待。

9There was something coming to her and she was waiting for it with fear. What was it? She did not know. It was too subtle to name. But she felt it creeping out of the sky. It was reaching her through the sound, the smell, the color that filled the air.

什么东西正向她靠近，她恐惧地等待着。是什么呢？她不知道。那东西太微妙，说不清楚。但是她感到它正从天边而来，透过空气中的声音、气息和颜色正在逼近她。

10Slowly she became excited. Her breath came fast; her heart beat faster. She was beginning to recognize the thing that was approaching to take her. She tried to beat it back with her will, but failed. Her mind was as weak as her two small white hands. When she stopped fighting against it, a little word broke from her lips.

慢慢地，她变得兴奋起来，呼吸急促，心跳加快。她开始意识到正向她逼近要控制她的是什么东西。她试图用自己的意志力把这种朦胧的意识打回去，但毫无用处。她的意志就像她那纤细白皙的双手，脆弱无力，不能将其推开。当她干脆任其自由发展时，从她的双唇间蹦出一个词。

11“Free,” she whispered. “Free, free, free!” The dull stare and look of fea r went from her eyes. They stayed keen and bright. Her heart beat fast, and the blood warmed and relaxed every inch of her body. A sudden feeling of joy held her.

“自由了，”她低语道，“自由了，自由了，自由了！”茫然的目光和恐惧的神色一扫而光。她的目光又敏锐、闪亮起来。她的心跳加快，血液沸腾，全身轻松了下来。她感到一种突如其来的欢悦。

12She did not ask if her joy was wrong. She saw her freedom clearly and could not stop to think of smaller things.

13She knew that she would weep again when she saw her husband's body. The kind hands, now dead and still. The loving face, now fixed and gray. But she looked into the future and saw many long years to come that would belong to her alone. And now she opened and spread her arms out to those years in welcome.

她想都没想这种欢悦的心情是否正当。今后的自由清清楚楚地展现在她的面前，别的都是小事，无暇顾及。

她知道她看到丈夫的遗体时还会哭。那亲切的双手再也不能挥动，那可爱的脸庞变得呆滞而又苍白。但她看到了未来，看到了将来长远的岁月，那只属于她的岁月。她张开双臂，欢迎那美好的岁月。

14There would be no one else to live for during those years. She would live for herself alone. There would be no powerful will bending hers. Men and women always believe they can tell others what to do and how to think. Suddenly Louise understood that this was wrong and that she could break away and

be free of it.

在那些岁月里，她将不再为其他任何人而活着，只为她自己。那时再也没有人使自己屈从于他的意志。人们总是认为他们可以叫其他人做什么，叫其他人如何思考。路易丝突然明白这是错误的，她完全可以从中摆脱出来。

15And yet, she had loved him — sometimes. Often she had not.What did love mean now? Now she understood that freedom is stronger than love.

16“Free! Body and soul free!” she kept whisperin g.

然而她曾经爱过他——有的时候。更多的时候她又不爱他。此时爱情还有什么意义呢？现在她知道自由比爱情更加强烈，更加重要。“自由了！彻底自由了！”她不停地低声说道。

17Her sister Josephine was waiting outside the door.

18“Please open the door,” Josephine cried. “You will make yourself sick. What are you doing in there, Louise? Pleas e, please, let me in !”

19“Go away. I am not making myself sick.” No, she was drinking in life through that open window.

姐姐约瑟芬在门外等着。

“请开门，”约瑟芬大声喊道。“你会把自己弄病的。你到底在里面干什么，路易丝？请，请让我进去！”

“走开。我不会把自己弄病的。”是的，她不会。透过敞开的窗户，她正在陶醉于窗外生命的气息，体验着生命的美好。

20She thought joyfully of all those days before her. Spring days, summer days. All kinds of days that

她高兴地想着以后的日子。春天，夏天，所有属于她自己的日子。她开始渴望长寿，而就在昨天她还嫌生命漫长，看不到尽头！

21After a while she got up and opened the door. Her eyes were bright; her cheeks were red. She didn't know how strong and well she looked — so full of joy. They went downstairs, where Richards was waiting.

过了一会，她起身把门打开。她的眼睛炯炯有神，她的脸颊很红润。她不知道她的身体看起来是多么地健康——充满了喜悦。她们下了楼，理查兹在楼下等着。

22Someone was opening the door. It was Brently Mallard, who entered, looking dirty and tired, carrying a suitcase and an umbrella.He was not killed in the accident. He didn't even know there had been one. He stood surprised at Josephine's sudden cry. He didn't understand why Richards moved suddenly between them, to hide Louise from her husband.

有人在开门。进来的是布伦特里·马拉德，他满面风尘，手提着一只旅行箱并拿着把雨伞。他没有在事故中遇难，他甚至不知道发生了车祸。他愣在那里，对约瑟芬的惊叫感到诧异。他不理解理查兹为什么突然站到他们中间，把路易丝挡起来。

23But Richards was too late.

24When the doctors came, they said she had died of heart disease — of joy that kills.

但是理查兹太晚了。当医生赶到时，他们说她死于心脏病——死于心脏承受不了的喜悦。

Lesson Two In the Laboratory 在实验室里 Samuel H. Scudder Learning Guide

美国著名昆虫学家塞缪尔·斯卡德记叙了多年前他初进哈佛读书，在阿加西斯教授的实验室学习的一段难忘的经历：一条作标本的鱼，竟让他用肉眼整整观察了 三天。然而他所学到的东西使他终身受益。对学生有问必答、有求必应、事无巨细一概包揽的就是个好老师吗?能把老师的知识全部学到的就是好学生吗?俗话说严 师出高徒。师应严在何处?徒又高在哪里?仔细品味本文，你一定会有所收获。

1 I entered Professor Agassiz's laboratory, and told him I had enrol led my name in the Scientific School as a student of natural history.

4 This seemed to please him, and with an energetic "Very well!" he reached from a shelf a huge jar of specimens in yellow alcohol."Take this fish," he said, "and look at it; by and by I will ask what you have seen." With that he left me. I was disappointed, for gazing at a fish did not seem to be challenging

enough to an eager student, and the alcohol had a very unpleasant smell. But I said nothing and began to work immediately.

这好象让他很高兴，他精神饱满地说了句“好极了”，就伸手从架子上取下一只大瓶子，里面的黄色酒精中浸泡着标本。“把这条鱼拿去，”他说，“仔细观察观 察，过一会我再问问你看到了些什么。”说完他就离开了。我很失望，因为对于一个求知欲很强的学生来说，老盯着一条鱼看并不富有挑战性，而且酒精也发出一股 难闻的气味。但我什么话也没说，立即开始了工作。

5 In ten minutes I had seen all that could be seen in the fish, and started to look for the Professor — who had, however, left. Half an hour passed — an hour — another hour; the fish began to look

disgusting. I turned it over and around; looked it in the face — ghastly ; from behind, beneath, above, sideways — just as ghastly. I must not use a magnifying glass , nor instruments of any kind. Just my two hands, my two eyes, and the fish: it seemed a most limited field of study. With a feeling of desperation again I looked at that fish. I pushed my finger down its throat to feel how sharp the teeth were. I began to count the scales in the different rows , until I was convinced that was nonsense. At last a happy thought struck me — I would draw the fish; and now with surprise I began to discover new features in the creature. Just then the Professor returned.

我用十分钟就把鱼身上能看到的东西全看了，然后开始找教授，然而他已经离开了。半个小时，一个小时，再一个小时过去了， 那条鱼显得叫人厌恶。我把它翻过来，转过去，再正面看看，毫无气色，死一

样的苍白；从后看，从下看，从上看，从侧面看都一样。我不准用放大镜，不准用任何仪器。只有我的两只手，两只眼睛，还有鱼，这个研究范围似乎太狭窄了。带着无可奈何的心情我再次去看那条鱼。我把手伸进鱼的嘴巴，看看它的牙齿有多锋利。我开始一排排地数鱼鳞片，直到我确信这样做毫无意义。最后我忽然想起了一个好主意——我把鱼画出来。令我惊奇的是，我开始在这家伙身上发现了新的特征。就在这时，教授回来了。

6"That is right," said he, "a pencil is one of the best of eyes." With these encouraging words, he added, "Well, what is it like?"

7He listened attentively to my brief description. When I finished, he waited as if expecting more, and then, with an air of disappointment.

8"You have not looked very carefully; why," he continued more earnestly, "you haven't even seen one of the most visible features of the animal, which is as plainly before your eyes as the fish itself; look again, look again!" and he left me to my misery.

“做得对，”他说，“使用铅笔是最好的观察方法之一。”说完这鼓舞人心的话，他又接着说，“嗯，它象什么？”

他认真地听着我简单的描述。我讲完之后，他等了等，好象在期待着我继续说下去，然后脸上显露出失望的表情说：

“你没有仔细观察，”他接着认真地说，“你甚至连鱼身上最明显的特征都没看到，它就象那条鱼本身一样清清楚楚地摆在你的面前。再看！再看！”交代完之后，他就不管我了，让我陷入苦恼之中。

9I was hurt. Still more of that wretched fish ! But now I set myself to my task with a will, and discovered one new thing after another,until I saw how just the Professor's criticism had been. The afternoon passed quickly; and when, towards its close, the Professor inquired,"Do you see it yet?"

10"No,"I replied, " I do not, but I see how little I saw before."

11"That is next best," said he earnestly, "But I won't hear you now; put away your fish and go home; perhaps you will be ready with a better answer in the morning. I will examine you before you look at the fish."

我的自尊心受到了伤害。还得继续去面对那条讨厌的鱼！但现在我决心好好地完成我的任务，于是便有了一个一个的新发现，直到最后我终于明白教授的批评是多么地有道理。下午很快就过去了。快到黄昏时，

教授问我：“看出来了吗？”“没有，”我回答道，“没有看出来，但我已认识到原来看出来实在是太少了。”

“那也不错，”他认真地说。“不过现在我不听你讲，你把鱼放好回家去吧，也许明天早晨有更好的答案，在你看鱼只前我要考考你。”

12This was disconcerting. Not only must I think of my fish all night, studying, without the object before me, what this unknown but most visible feature might be, but also, without reviewing my discoveries, I must give an exact account of them the next day.

这真叫人紧张。我不仅必须整夜去想那条鱼，鱼不在跟前得反复琢磨出那未知但极其明显的特征是什么，而且在无法重温已经发现的特征的情况下，还要在第二天准确地描述那些特征。

13The friendly greeting from the Professor the next morning was reassuring. He seemed to be quite as anxious as I that I should see for myself what he saw.

第二天早晨，教授友好地向我打招呼，这令我感到安慰。他好象与我的心情完全一样，急切希望我看

到他所看到的一切。

14"Do you perhaps mean," I asked, "that the fish has symmetrical sides with paired organs?"

兴而又充满热情地谈了这一点的重要性后，我问他下一步该怎么做。

16"Oh, look at your fish!" he said, and left me alone again. In a little more than an hour he returned, and heard my new list.

17"That is good, that is good!" he repeated, "but that is not all; go on." And so for three long days he placed that fish before my eyes, forbidding me to look at anything else, or to use any artificial aid. "Look, look, look," was his repeated instruction.

噢，看你的鱼吧！”说完，他又离开了，就留下我一个人。一个小时多一点，他再次回来，听了我的新发现。

“很好！很好！”他连连说，“但这还没完，继续看。”就这样，他把鱼放在我的面前整整放了三天，不让我看任何其它东西，也不让我使用任何仪器。“观察，观察，再观察，”他再三地指示。

18The fourth day, a second fish of the same group was placed beside the first, and I was told to point out the similarities and differences between the two; another and another followed, until the entire family lay before me.

第四天，另一条同属的鱼摆放在第一条鱼的旁边，而且要我指出它们之间的相同点与不同点。然后，又是一条，接着另一条，直到同科所有的鱼都摆到了我的面前。

19This was the best lesson I ever had. It has influenced the way I have studied ever since.It was something the Professor gave me, which we could not buy, with which we could not part.

这是我上过的最好的一课。自那以后，我的一切学习和研究方法无不受益于这一课。这是教授给我的无价的礼物，是用金钱买不到的，是一笔不能丢弃的财富。

20While training the students in the method of observing facts and their orderly arrangement, Professor Agassiz urged them not to be content with just facts. "Facts are stupid things," he would say,"until brought into connection with some general law."

在训练学生观察事物及其规律性的排列时，阿加西斯教授鼓励他们不要仅仅满足于事实。他常说：“事实本身意义不大，只有与某一自然法则联系起来时才有意义。”

Lesson Three

Detective on the Trail跟踪的侦探

J. Jefferson Farjeon

Learning Guide

维护社会治安，人人有责。一个机智而且有正义感的伦敦报童，发现报上几则蹊跷的私人启事似乎与几起盗窃案有某种联系，遂向警方报告。报童在一则广告所暗示的地点与时间，潜伏起来，凭借自己的机智和勇敢协助警方捕获了已作案多次的盗窃团伙首领——正是那几则神秘启事的发送人。

1Bob Sugg read only certain bits of the papers he sold. Robberies, killings, and things like that. And that was funny, too, because he didn't like crime and meant to stop it whenever he could. Already in his free time he had helped catch several wrongdoers.

在鲍勃·萨格所卖的几种报纸中，他只看其中少量的部分，如抢劫、谋杀以及诸如此类的东西。这事说来也怪，因为他讨厌犯罪，而且只要办得到，他都决心随时制止犯罪。在闲暇时间里，他就曾经帮助抓到过好几个罪犯。

2Bob's favourite part of the newspaper was the page of personal advertisements. The one he was reading right now said: "Remember Aunt Mary on next Sunday. Quarrel upsetting all.Report evening 25th. N.E. Cross."

报纸上，鲍勃最爱看的是私人启事版。现在他正在读的启事是这样写的：“在下星期天别忘了给玛丽阿姨送礼。吵架破坏了大家的心情。25日晚报道。N. E.克罗斯。”

3"That's a funny one," Bob thought. He reread the notice. Why pay more money to say "on next Sunday" when "next Sunday"would have been enough? "Cross. Cross." Bob felt sure he had come upon that name in the personals before. But he didn't remember those initials.What did N. E. stand for?

“这条启事有些蹊跷。”鲍勃想。他把启事又读了一遍。干吗要多花钱多写进一个“在”字？写“下星期天”

不就够了？“克罗斯，克罗斯。”鲍勃确信在以前的私人启事中曾经见过这个名字，但他却记不清那些首字母了。N. E.代表什么呢？

4For some reason that advertisement haunted Bob Sugg. Here was a mystery he wanted to solve.

5Four days later, a headline about a burglary caught his eye. He quickly read the story. A few minutes later, the man in charge of the newspaper files saw an excited boy rush into the room. "May I see the back number files, sir?" the boy asked. The man motioned toward a wide shelf. Bob intently studied a paper.

不知为什么，那则启事时时萦绕在鲍勃·萨格的心头。他想解开这个迷。

四天之后，一个有关盗窃案的标题引起了他的注意。他很快读完了报道。几分钟后，管理报纸档案的职员看见一个神情激动的男孩跑进了他的办公室。“先生，让我看看过期报纸，好吗？”男孩问。那人向一个宽宽的书架示意了一下，鲍勃就认真地研究起报纸来。

6 "Look! These two personals," Bob was breathless with excitement. "They appeared on different dates, but it's the same advertiser, Cross."

7"Wait," the man interrupted. "The initials aren't alike. One is W. Cross and the other is S.W."

8"Here's another Cross that was in the paper last Thursday. Now, who sent in these three ads?" asked Bob.

9"We can't give you that information," the man said.

10"Well," said Bob, "if you don't get this very question from the police inspector today, my name's not Bob Sugg."The next moment he was gone.

“看！这两则私人启事。”鲍勃激动得喘不过气来，“虽然它们刊登的日期不同，但刊登广告的却是同一个人：克罗斯。”“等等，”那人打断他的话，“首位字母不一样，一个W. Cross,另一个是S. W.。”

“上星期四的报纸上还有另一个克罗斯。到底是谁送登这三则启事的呢？”鲍勃问。

“这个信息我们不能告诉你。”那人说。

“那么，”鲍勃说，“不出今天，要是警长不问你这个问题，我就不叫鲍勃·萨格。”说完这话他就走了。

11Bob hurried into Inspector Hamelin's office, and showed him the headline in the paper. "It's about this burglary in Ramon Square," he said. "I can tell you the number of the house, though it isn't in the paper. Number 25. The burglar's Mr. N.E. Cross this time. Before, he was W. Cross, and before that, S.W. Cross. ‘Remember Aunt Mary on next Sunday. Quarrel upsetting all. Report evening 25th.' Mr.

Hamelin, the first letters of the words spell ‘Ramon Square. '"

鲍勃急匆匆地走进哈梅林警长的办公室，把报纸上的标题给他看。“这是有关拉蒙广场的盗窃案，”他说，“门牌号码虽然不在报纸上，但我可以告诉你：是5号。这回，盗贼叫N. E.克罗斯。上回，他叫W.克罗斯；再上回，他叫S. W.克罗斯。这些单词的第一个字母拼在一起就是哈梅林先生。”

12"And the initials N.E. stand for North East?"

13"That's right," said Bob. "25, Ramon Square, North East; that was the address. And Sunday was the day chosen for the job!"

14"Smart work. Congratulations!" Hamelin said.

15"I found two more ads in the news files, from weeks ago. Read them, sir !" Bob urged.

“那首字母N. W.就代表东北区罗？”

“说得对，”鲍勃说：“拉蒙广场东北区25号；那是地址。星期日就是他选定作案的日子！”

“分析得很好。恭喜，恭喜！”哈梅林说。

“我在几个星期前的新闻报纸中还发现了另外两则启事。给你看看，先生！”鲍勃急切地说。

16Inspector Hamelin did so. The first one ran: "Friday. Reasons of safety take Lewis away North England 30th. S.W. Cross."

17The second ran: "Meet usual spot early unless Mary rings on Wednesday 5th. W. Cross."

18Bob pointed a forefinger at each word in turn.

19"The first spells out 30, Frost Lane, South West. The second is 5, Museum Row, West. When it gives the day of the week, that's the day for the burglary."

哈梅林警长开始读起来。第一则启事是这样的：“星期五。出于安全的缘故，刘易斯将于30日离开北英格兰。S. W.克罗斯。”第二则启事写道：“如果玛丽星期三（5日）不打电话另行通知，老地方见，早

来。W.克罗斯。”鲍勃用手指一字一字地往下指着。

“第一则启事拼出来是弗罗斯特巷西南区30号，第二则是博物馆街西区5号。启事中出现星期几时，那就是盗窃的日子。”

20"Bob," Hamelin said, "you've given us the key to something. There were burglaries in both Frost Lane and Museum Row on the dates you've noted here. Both crimes still unsolved. Lieutenant, call the paper and find out exactly where these advertisements came from !"

“鲍勃，”哈梅林说，“你给我们提供了破案的线索。在你提到的日子里，弗罗斯特巷和博物馆街确实发生过盗窃案。这两起案件到现在还没有破。中尉，给报社打电话，弄清这些启事的确切来源！”

21The lieutenant learned that Mr. Cross had mailed the ads to the paper with payment.The city directory showed no such return address as the advertiser had left.

24The following week Bob saw the ad he wanted: "Susan. Awaited letter eight months,can't rest, eat, sleep. Come early next Thursday 8th. N. Cross."

25"8, Salem Crescent, North," Bob said.

26When Bob reached Inspector Hamelin's office, the police already got the information,and Bob was told to return to his job and read about what was going to happen in the newspaper.

“那么，抓到他的唯一方法就是留心看报纸了。”警官说。

“报上还会再出现克罗斯签名的启事，那样的话，我们就可以让他上钩！”

在接下来的一个星期鲍勃看到了他想要看的启事：“苏姗。盼信达八个月之久，心情不宁，寝食不安。

下周四（8日）早来。N.克罗斯。”“塞勒姆街北区8号。”鲍勃说。

鲍勃赶到哈梅林警官的办公室时，警方已获得了这一消息。警方叫鲍勃继续去卖报，从报上了解将要发生的事。

27.But for Bob Sugg, that was too uninteresting a way of learning the news. After dark on Thursday night he made his way to Salem Crescent, and hid himself. Every little while he peeked out and looked at Number 8. Now and then he saw men walking along the street. Then they disappeared in the dim shadows. They must be plain-clothes men, Bob decided, who would hide until the time was ripe to swoop down on the criminals.

但对于鲍勃·萨格来说，这样获得消息太没意思了。星期四天黑以后，他溜达着去了塞勒姆街，躲了起来。每隔一会儿，他就偷偷地看一下8号。他不时地看见有人在街上走着，然后就消失在昏暗的黑影中，鲍勃肯定这些都是便衣警察，他们先躲起来，就会冲向犯罪分子，将他们一网打尽。

28Hour after hour Bob waited. Now a distant clock was striking one. Then a voice asked,"What are you doing here?" It was a man in police uniform.

30"I'm just hanging around Salem Crescent to see the fun," Bob answered. "But there isn't going to be any because the crooks have got on to it. Why haven't you gone home with the rest of the police?" he went on.

鲍勃等了一个小时又一个小时。现在远处的钟声已敲响了一点，就在这时，忽听一个声音问道：“你在这里赶什么？”这个人穿着警服。“就在塞勒姆街周围转转，来看热闹。”鲍勃回答。“但现在不会有什么热闹了，因为骗子已经觉察。哎，你怎么没和别的警察一起回家？”他接着问。

31"Who said the rest had gone home?" asked the man.

32"The inspector told me," Bob lied. "He said Mr. Cross had learned we're on to him, and put that last ad in just to mislead us."

33"That's right," nodded the man. "So why didn't you go home, too?"

34Bob looked intently at the man. "I thought I'd stay in case Mr. Cross does turn up."

35"It's lucky for you I'm the one you met," the man said, smiling. "If it had been that criminal with no police around, he'd probably have twisted your neck."

“谁说别的警察都回家了？”那人问“警长告诉我的。”鲍勃撒谎道。“他说克罗斯先生已经知道我们盯上他了，

登最后那则启事不过是为了迷惑我们。“说得对。”那人点头道。“那你为什么不也回家呢？”

鲍勃认真地打量了一下那个人。“我本想待在这里，以防克罗斯先生真的还会出现。”

“算你运气，你遇到的是我而不是别人，”那人笑着说。“如果是遇到了罪犯，周围又没有警察，他很可能扭断你的脖子的。”

36Suddenly Bob clapped his hand against his jacket pocket. "It's gone! The inspector's money belt! I found it, and now I've mislaid it! I must have dropped it!"

37Quickly the man looked down. The next instant he received a hard kick that sent him flying. Then Bob Sugg yelled, and dim figures came running and surrounded the man.

突然鲍勃拍了拍上衣口袋。“糟了，警长的腰包没了！我本来找到了，可现在不知道在哪了，一定是弄丢了！”

那人赶紧往地上看。刹那间，他被狠很地踢了一脚，摔倒在地上。接着鲍勃大声喊叫，那些模糊的人影冲了出来，把那人团团围住。

38"The rest of you were in plain clothes," Bob explained afterwards to the inspector. "So I thought, 'Why isn't this one?' Maybe Mr. Cross had put that last ad in as a test and might come along later to see if he'd been found out. He thought being dressed like a policeman would make him safe. But he looked like a liar to me."

“你们其他的人都穿着便衣，”鲍勃后来给警长解释道。“我想这一位为什么没穿呢？也许克罗斯先生登最后那则广告是为了试探一下，然后再过来看看是否已被发现。他以为穿得象警察就保险了，但我看他就是一个大骗子。”

Lesson Four

The Trashman垃圾清理工

John Coleman

Learning Guide

偏见、隔阂与歧视不仅存在于种族之间，也存在于不同的行业之间。社会上对某些工种的歧视尤为深重，如对环卫工人。环卫工人整天与垃圾打交道，难道他们就脏？难道他们的工作就比别的工作低贱？

难道对他们就该“鄙”而远之？一位银行家兼大专院校校长为了变换一下生活的节奏，请了两个月的假，去清理垃圾。这两个月的亲身经历，使他对其中的酸甜苦辣体会颇深。他指出了环卫工作的重要，呼吁社会给予清洁工人应有的尊重。

Saturday, April 7

1.Steve and I hauled trash for four solid hours without a break of any sort, except for about five minutes when we stopped to talk. We got eight hours of pay for cleaning up our route no matter how little time it took.

星期六，四月七日. 我和史蒂夫用卡车运送垃圾，整整干了四个小时，除了停下来说了约五分钟的话，没有休息片刻。不管我们用多短的时间清理完这条线路上的垃圾，都是按八小时给我们付酬。

2My shoulder hurt badly each time I put another full barrel on it, and my legs occasionally shook as I started out to the street. But all the rest of me said, “Go, trashman, go.”

每次我把满满的垃圾桶扛上肩头，肩膀就疼得要命，当我走向大街时，有时我的腿都在发抖。但我身体的其它部位鼓励我说：“继续干下去，垃圾清理工，继续干下去。”

3I could not have guessed that there would be joy in this. Dump. Lift. Walk. Lift. Walk. The hours went by quickly.

倒，扛，运，再扛，再运，我过去怎么也不会想到这其中还真有乐趣。很快，几个小时就过去了。

4Saturday meant that most adults were at home on the route. So were school-age children. I thought this might mean more talk back and forth as I made the rounds today. There were many people outdoors, working in their gardens. Most of them looked friendly enough. While I wouldn't have time to talk at length, there was time to exchange the greetings that go with civilized ways.

今天是星期六，住在我们线路上的多数成年人都会在家，上学的孩子也在家。我以为既然是星期六，在我挨家挨户扛垃圾桶时，会与更多的住户相互打招呼或是说上一两句话。许多人都在户外，在花园中干活。他们大多数人看起来都很友好。尽管我没有时间长聊，但相互打个招呼的时间还是有的，这也是文明礼貌的表现。

5.That is where I got my shock.

6.I said hello in quite a few yards before the message sank in that this wasn't the thing to do.Occasionally, I got a straight man-to man or woman-to-man reply from someone who looked me in the eye, smiled, and asked either “How are you?” or “Isn't this a nice day?” I felt human then. But most often the response was either nothing at all, or a look of surprise that I had spoken and used familiar words, or a friendly hello.

恰恰在这方面，发生了我根本没有预料到的事情。

我在好几家的院子里主动和主人打招呼，可几次下来忽然明白过来他们是不愿与清洁工打招呼的。偶尔也得到肯正眼看我，肯对我笑，肯对我说“你好！”或者“今天天气真不错！”的男士们或女士们的直接回应。

在这个时候我才感到我是一个有血有肉的人。但是在多数情况下，我向他们问好，他们要么完全置之不理，要么就显出惊讶的神色，对我居然开口与他们讲话，居然还使用亲近的词语，或是对他们友好地说声“你好”感到万分诧异。

7Both men and women stared at me and said nothing. A woman in a housecoat was startled as I came around the corner of her house. At the sound of my greeting, she gathered her housecoat tightly about her and moved quickly indoors. I heard the lock click. Another woman had a strange, large animal in her yard. I asked her what kind of dog it was. She gaped at me. I thought she was hard of hearing and asked my question louder. She seemed a little frightened before she turned coldly away.

不管是男人还是女人都瞪大眼睛看着我，一句话也不说。一个穿着宽松长袍的妇女看到我从她家房子拐角走过来时，她大吃了一惊。听到我问好的声音，她裹紧身上的长袍，赶紧进了屋。接着我听到门咔嗒一声锁上了。另一个妇女在她家的院子里有一个又大又奇怪的动物。我问她那是条什么品种的狗。她目瞪口呆地望着我。我还以为她耳朵有点背，于是又大声地问了一遍。她好象也有些害怕，冷冷地转身走开了。

8The nice response came from women alone. From the way they replied and asked after my health, I knew that at the day's end when they listed the nice things they had done, there would be a place on the list for “I spoke to the trashman today.”

友好的回应清一色都是来自女士。她们回答我的问好，并且也向我问好，由此我知道在晚上睡觉前，当她们列举当天做的好事时，一定也会列入这一条：“今天我和清洁工说了几句话。”

9Steve spoke spontaneously about these things on the long ride to the dump.

10“The way most p eople look at you, you'd think a trashman was a monster. Say hello and they stare at you in surprise. They don't know we're human.

在开车去很远的垃圾场的路上史蒂夫没等我问，就谈起了这些事。

“人们看你的那种神情，就好象清洁工是怪物似的。你要是对他们说声‘你好’，他们就会瞪大眼睛看着你。他们不知道我们也是人。

11“One lady had put ashes from the fire in her trashcan. I said we couldn't take them.She said, ‘Who are you to say what goes? You're nothing but a trashman. ' I told her,‘Listen, la dy, I've got an I. Q. of 137, and I graduated near the top of my high school class. I do this for the money, not because it's the only

圾清理工，我把我说成是一个卡车司机。我的家人知道，但我的姻亲不知道。如果友人直截了当地问我：

‘你是为垃圾清理公司开车吗？’我就老实告诉他们是。我相信我们干的是人民需要的一种服务工作，就象警察或者消防队员一样。我并不觉得丢人，但我也不到处宣扬我是清洁工。

13“A friend of my wife yelled at her kid one day when they were running out to mee t a trash truck.

‘Stay away from those trashmen. They're dirty. ' I was angry with her. ‘They're as good as we are, 'I told her. ‘You seem to have a lot of sympathy for them, ' she said.‘Yes, I do.' But I never told her why.”

“有一次，我妻子的一位朋友看到她的孩子跑向运垃圾的卡车，就对着他们大喊：‘离那些清理工远点。他们很脏。’我对她很生气，跟她说：‘他们跟我们一样。’她说：‘你好象很同情他们。’‘是的，我是很同情他们。’但我始终没有告诉她为什么。”

14Our truck was packed full before noon. We drove to the dump, were back on the route by 1∶00, and had finished for the day by 2∶00.

不到中午我们的卡车就装满了。我们将垃圾运往垃圾场，一点钟之前又回到我们的线路上继续干，不到两点当天的活就干完了。

15I had planned to stay at this job for only two days. But now I'm going to stay. The exercise is great. The lifting gets easier with every load, even if my left shoulder stays sore. I become faster and neater as time goes by. I'm outdoors in clean air. And, contrary to what people think, I don't get dirty on the job.

我本来计划这个工作只干两天，但我现在决定继续干下去。这种锻炼很好。尽管左肩一直疼痛，但垃圾桶每扛一次，就变得越容易一些。随着时间的推移，我干得越来越快，越来越利索。我在户外能呼吸到清洁的空气，而且，完全与人们想象不一样的是，这活并没有把我身上弄脏。

16I have made up my mind, too, to go on saying hello in backyards. It doesn't do any harm,and it still feels right. Frankly, I'm proud. I'm doing an essential task, “li ke a police officer or a fire fighter.” I left this country a little cleaner than I found it this morning. Not many people can say that tonight.

我还决心在后院里向户主打招呼。这没有任何害处，我仍然觉得这是对的。坦率地说，我感到很骄傲。

我正在做一件很重要的工作，就象警察和消防队员一样。由于我的工作，我们的国家这会儿比今天早晨更干净了一些。没有多少人今晚能自豪地这样说。

17.John Gardener has said that a society which praises its philosophers and looks down on its plumbers is in for trouble. “Neither its pipes nor its theories will hold water,” he warns. He might have gone a step further

，

Lesson Five

The Day I Was Fat骂我肥的那一天

Lois Diaz- Talty

Learning Guide

中国有句古话，不能因人废言。对我们身上的缺点或缺陷，亲朋好友往往视而不见，或因为不愿伤害我们，而尽量回避。有时反而是恶意中伤的人道出了我们真实情况，使我们猛醒。本文作者的一次不愉快的经历，改变了她对生活的态度，成了一生的转折点，使她获益匪浅。

1I was never in great shape. As a child, I was always called "plump." I could never sit Indian-style the way other kids did, and when I made the cheer-leading squad in eighth grade it was because I had a big mouth and a great smile, not because I could do the splits or perform elegant cartwheels. Although I maintained a respectable weight throughout high school, there was always a fat person inside of me just waiting to burst onto the scene.

我的身材一向不苗条。小时侯，人们都说我“丰满”。我从来不能象其他孩子那样挺直腰板盘腿而坐。

八年级时，我之所以能当上学校的拉拉队队员，是因为我有一副大嗓门，笑得好看，而不是因为我会劈叉或是会做出漂亮的侧手翻。尽管整个中学阶段我的体重还说的过去，但隐藏在我身体内的那个胖墩却一直在等着登场呢。

2Adulthood, marriage, and settling down had bad effects on my weight: I blew up! The fat lady had finally arrived, saw the welcome mat, and moved right in. No one in my family could tell me I was fat.

They knew that I had gained weight, I knew that I had gained weight, and I knew that they knew that I had gained weight. But to discuss the topic was out of the question. Once, my mother said,"You're too pretty to be so heavy"; that was the closest anyone had ever come to calling me fat. Later, my husband teased me because we couldn't lie on the couch together anymore, and I just cried and cried. He never dared to mention it again, but I didn't stop eating.

长大成人，结婚，过安定生活，这一切对我的体重产生了很坏的影响：我一下子像吹气一样鼓了起来。

那位胖太太终于来到门口，看着写有“欢迎”字样的蹭脚垫，就径直走了进去。我的家里人没有谁说我胖。

他们知道我长胖了，我知道我长胖了，我也知道他们知道我长胖了。但要谈论这个问题简直是不可能的。

有一次，妈妈说：“你这么漂亮，不显得胖。”这还真是我听到的最接近说我胖的话。后来，长沙发已经容不下我丈夫和我两个人同时躺下，他于是取笑了我一句，我伤心得哭了好久。后来他再也不敢提这个事了，但我还是没有节制饮食。

3.I had just given birth to my first child and was at least fifty pounds overweight.Nonetheless, I remember

feeling that that time was the greatest time in my life. I had a beautiful new baby, new furniture, a great husband, and a lovely house. What more could anyone want? Well, I knew what else I wanted: I wanted to be slim and healthy. I just didn't care enough about myself to stop my eating. I tried to lose weight every day, but I couldn't get started.Diets didn't last through lunch, and I got bigger by the day.

我那时刚生下第一个孩子，体重至少超过正常标准五十磅。然而，我记得那段时间是我一生中最美好的日子。我有可爱的小宝宝，崭新的家具，体贴的丈夫，漂亮的房子，还要什么呢？噢，我知道我还想要别的什么：那就是，要苗条和健康。但我就是太不注意自己的身体，总是不停地吃。我每天都试着减肥，但总是开始不了。早上决心节食，到了午饭又大吃起来，结果变得一天比一天胖。

4One summer afternoon in 1988, as I was headed to the pool with my sister-in-law and our children, I got into an argument with a teenager who was driving fast and tailing our car. When he nearly ran us off the road, I turned around and glared at him to show my disapproval and my concern for our safety.

Suddenly, we began shouting at each other. He was about 18, with an ugly, red, swollen face. The few teeth he had were yellow and rotten. He followed us to the pool and, as he pulled into the parking lot behind us, our argument became heated.

1988年夏天的一个下午，我、嫂子，还有我们的孩子驾车去游泳池，路上我与一个十几岁的男孩吵了起来，因为他开车太快，还紧紧地跟在我们的车后面。有一回他差一点把我们挤出了马路，我转过头去瞪着他，表示我的不满以及对我的安全的担心。突然，我们互相骂了起来。他大约十八岁，一副丑陋红肿的脸孔，几颗牙齿又黄又烂。他跟着我们一直跟到游泳池。当他随着我们把车开进停车场时，我们的争吵变得激烈起来。

5"What's your problem, bitch?" he screamed.

6"You drive like an idiot! That's my problem, okay?"

7When I got out of the car and walked around to get the baby, he laughed to his friend,"Ah, look at her.

She's fat! Go to hell, fat bitch." And then they drove away.

8Once inside the gates to the pool, my sister-in-law advised me to forget the whole incident.

9"Come on," she said. "Don't worry about that boy! Did you see his teeth? He was rude."

“你到底要干什么，你这个泼妇？”他叫嚷道。“你这个白痴，你怎么开车的？就是要为这事和你评一评理，明白了吗？”我下了车，走到车的另一边去抱小孩下车，这时，他笑着对他的朋友说：“啊，你看看她，简直就是一个肥婆！去死吧，你这头肥猪！”骂完，他们开车走了。进了游泳池的大门，嫂子叫我不要去想刚才发生的事。“好了，”她说：“别为了那小子不高兴啦！你没看到他的牙吗？那是个下三烂的家伙。”

10But I couldn't get his words out of my mind. They stung like a whip. "I'm fat," I thought to myself. "I haven't just put on a few pounds. I can't get rid of my weight easily. I'm just plain fat."Nobody had ever called me fat before, and it hurt terribly. But it was true.

它们就象鞭子抽在我身上。“看来我是胖，”我心想。“而且不仅仅是长胖了一点点。要把体重降下去可能对我不是件容易的事。我明显地就是胖。”以前从没有谁说过我胖，那男孩的话让我非常伤心。但他说的是实话。

11.On that very day, as I sat at the pool hoping that nobody would see me in my bathing suit, I promised

myself that no one would ever call me fat again. The hideous 18-year-old idiot had spoken the words that none of my loved ones had had the heart to say even though they were true. Yes, I was fat.

就是在那一天，当我坐在游泳池旁，暗自希望千万别让人看到我穿泳衣的样子时，我对自己发誓以后再也不能让人喊我肥婆了。那个丑恶的十八岁的白痴所说的，正是我的亲人谁也不愿说破的实话。我的确是够胖的。

12From then on, I was committed to shedding the weight and getting into shape. I started a rigorous program of running and dieting the very next day. Within months, I joined a gym and managed to make some friends who are still my workout buddies. However, in the past seven years, I've done more than lose weight: I've reshaped my attitude, my lifestyle, and my self-image. Now, I read everything I can about nutrition and health. I'm even considering becoming an aerobics instructor. I cook low-fat foods —chicken, fish, lean meats, vegetables — and I serve my family healthy, protein-rich meals prepared with dietetic ingredients. The children and I often walk to school, ride bikes, roller-blade, and run. Health and fitness have become essential to our household and our lives. But what's really wonderful is that, sometime between that important day in 1988 and today, my self-image stopped being about how I look and began being about how I feel. I feel energetic, healthy, confident, strong, and pretty. Ironically, the abuse I endured in the parking lot has helped me regain my self-esteem, not just my figure. My body looks good, but my mind feels great!

从那时起，我就下定决心减肥，重塑体形。第二天，我就开始了严格的跑步和节食计划。随后的几个月里，我参加了一个健美操班，在那儿结识了一些朋友，他们今天仍然是我健身的伙伴。然而，在过去的七年中，我的收获不仅仅是减轻了体重。我的处世态度变了，生活方式变了，对自己的看法也发生了变化。

现在，有关营养和健康方面的书，能找到的我都看。我甚至还在考虑是不是当一名健美操教练。我做的菜都是低脂肪的——鸡、鱼、瘦肉、蔬菜。我为我的家人准备的都是富含蛋白质、有营养、有利健康的食物。

我和孩子们经常步行去学校，经常骑自行车，溜旱冰，还有跑步。对于我的家人和我们的生活来说，健康和健美已经变得非常重要。不过令我感到最为高兴的是，在1988年那个重要的日子以后不知什么时候开始，我的自我感受变了，我不再关注我的外在形象，而是注重我的内心感受。我感到精力充沛、健康、自信、强壮、漂亮。真是没想到，在停车场受到的辱骂不仅使我重新有了苗条的身材，还使我恢复了自尊心。现在我的体形很棒，精神面貌更棒！

13I hope that the kid from the pool has had his teeth fixed because I'm sure they were one source of his misery. If I ever see him again, I won't tell him that he changed my life in such a special way. I won't let him know that he gave me the greatest gift he could ever give me just by being honest. I won't give him the satisfaction of knowing that the day he called me fat was one of the best days of my life.

但愿在游泳池旁骂我的那个男孩现在已把牙治好了，因为我相信他的那副牙是他苦恼的根源之一。如果我再次见到他，我不会告诉他是他以这样一种特别的方式改变了我的生活，我也不会让他知道他的一句实话等于送给了我一份最丰厚的礼物，我更不会让他知道他骂我肥婆的那天是我生活中最重要的一天而让他感到得意。

Lesson Six

Another School Year—What For?

John Ciardi

Learning Guide

大学的宗旨是什么？上大学的目的又是什么？诚然，大学是培养专门人才的摇篮，但是人们往往忽视了它的另一个重要的作用—用人类历史上一切先进的思想、灿烂的文化陶冶学生，使他们不仅成为各个行业、领域里的专家，还成为文明社会中教养良好、情操高尚的成员。教育不光是教人要掌握一技之长，而且还要教人如何做人。本文作者希望所有的大学生把眼光放宽、放远，明确自己大学期间的双重任务。

1Let me tell you one of the earliest disasters in my career as a teacher. It was January of 1940 and I was fresh out of graduate school starting my first semester at a university. A tall boy came into my class, sat down, folded his arms, and looked at me as if to say:"All right, damn you, teach me something." Two weeks later we started Hamlet. Three weeks later he came into my office with his hands on his hips.

"Look," he said, "I came here to be a pharmacist. Why do I have to read this stuff?" He pointed to the book which was lying on the desk.

我来告诉你我的教学生涯中最早的一次令我啼笑皆非的经历。那是1940年的一月，我刚刚从研究生院毕业，开始了在大学第一学期的教学工作。一个高个子男生来到我的课堂，坐了下来，两臂交叉往胸前一放，看了我一眼，好象在说：“好吧，你这该死的，教我点东西吧。”两个星期后我们开始上《哈姆雷特》。三个星期后，他来到我的办公室，两手叉腰。“喂，”他说，“我到这里来是想成为药剂师的。为什么要我读这玩意儿？”他指着桌子上的那本书。

2.New as I was to the faculty, I could have told this boy that he had enrolled, not in a technical training school, but in a university, and that in a university students enroll for both training and education. I tried to put it this way. "For the rest of your life," I said,"your days are going to average out to about twenty-four hours. For eight of these hours, more or less, you will be asleep, and I suppose you need neither education nor training to get you through that third of your life."

虽然我是一名新教师，我也完全可以告诉这名学生，他现在进入的是大学而不是技术培训学校，在大学里学生接受的是教育而不仅仅是培训。我试着向他这样解释：“你的一生中，每天平均二十四小时，其中大约有八个小时要睡觉，我想这三分之一的时间，你既不需要培训也不必受教育。

3"Then for about eight hours of each working day you will, I hope, be usefully employed. Suppose you have gone through pharmacy school — or engineering, or law school, or whatever — during those eight hours you will be using your professional skills. You will see to it during this third of your life that the cyanide stays out of the aspirin, that the bull doesn't jump the fence, or that your client doesn't go to the electric chair as a result of your incompetence.These involve skills every man must respect, and they can all bring you good basic satisfactions. Along with everything else, they will probably be what

provides food for your table, supports your wife, and rears your children. They will be your income, and may it always be sufficient."

“然后，每个工作日的另外八个小时里，你将从事有用的职业。假设你读完了药学院，或是工学院，法学院还是别的什么学院，在工作的八小时里你将应用你的专业技能。在你生命的这三分之一的时间里，当药

剂师你的责任就是不把氰化钠弄到阿司匹林里去，当工程师就不能让工程失控，当律师就要做到你的当事人不会因为你不称职而上电椅。所有这些都涉及到人人都必须尊重的技能，这些技能能满足你最基本的需求。除了满足其它的需求之外，你所从事的职业将是你养家糊口的经济来源。这些职业是你收入的来源，愿你的收入永远够用。

4"But having finished the day's work, what do you do with those other eight hours — with the other third of your life? Let's say you go home to your family. What sort of family are you raising? Will the children ever be exposed to a profound idea at home? We all think of ourselves as citizens of a great civilization. Civilizations can exist, however, only as long as they remain intellectually alive. Will you be head of a family that maintains some basic contact with the great continuity of civilized intellect? Or is your family life going to be merely beer on ice? Will there be a book in the house? Will there be a painting? Will your family be able to speak English and to talk about an idea.? Will the kids ever get to hear Bach?"

“但是在你完成你的工作之后，还有另外八小时的时间，也就是说你生命中的另外三分之一的时间你怎么度过？比如说你回到家与你的家人呆在一起，那么你要把你的子女培养成什么样的人？孩子们在家里

能接触到深邃的思想吗？我们都自认为我们是伟大文明社会的成员，然而文明只有保持其创造性，才能存在。将来你成为一家之主的时候，你的家庭是否对整个人类文明思想有起码的了解？或者你下班回到家之后，是不是在家里只知道喝冰镇啤酒？你家里有书吗？有画吗？你的家人能不能说英语？能不能就一个

话题发表意见？你的孩子能不能有机会听到巴赫的音乐？”

5That is about what I said, but this boy was not interested."Look," he said, "you professors raise your kids your way; I'll take care of my own. Me, I'm out to make money."

6"I hope you make a lot of it," I told him, "because you're going to be badly in need of something to do when you're not signing checks."

我说的大致是这些，可是那个学生根本就不感兴趣。“得，”他说，“你们这些教授按你们的办法教育小孩，我的孩子我管。我呀，我要挣大钱。”“我希望你能挣到很多钱，”我对他说，“因为你要是不赚钱去买东西就会难受的。”

7Fourteen years later, I am still teaching, and I am here to tell you that the business of the college is not only to train you, but to put you in touch with what the best human minds have thought. If you have no time for Shakespeare, for a basic look at philosophy, for the fine arts, for that lesson of man's development we call history then you have no business being in college. You are on your way to being the mechanized savage, the push-button savage.

十四年过去了，我仍然在教书。在这里我仍要给你说的是，大学的任务不仅仅是对你进行培训，还

要向你介绍人类最伟大人物的思想。如果你不愿抽出时间读莎士比亚的作品，学点最基础的哲学，学点

艺术，学点我们称为历史的人类发展过程，那么你就不该来上大学。你就会成为一个机械化的野蛮人，一个只会按按钮的野蛮人。

8No one becomes a human being unaided. There is not time enough in a single lifetime to invent for oneself everything one needs to know in order to be a civilized human.

谁也不可能在没有人的帮助下就能成为一个文明人。要是全靠自己去创造成为文明人所应有的一切知

识，一辈子的时间也是不够的。

9Any of you who managed to stay awake through part of a high school course in physics knows more about physics than did many of the great scientists of the past. You know more because they left you what they knew. The first course in any science is essentially a history course. You have to begin learning what the past learned for you.

你们今天的年轻人，只要在中学的物理课上没有睡觉，比过去许多伟大的科学家都懂得的多。你之所以比他们懂得的多是因为他们把他们的知识留给了你。任何一门科学的第一课实质上都是历史课，因为刚开始你必须学习前人已经获取并流传给你的知识。

10.This is true of the techniques of mankind. It is also true of mankind's spiritual resources. Most of these resources, both technical and spiritual, are stored in books. When you have read a book, you have added to your human experience. Read Homer and your mind includes a piece of Homer's mind. Through books you can acquire at least fragments of the mind and experience of Virgil, Dante, Shakespeare — the list is endless. For a great book is necessarily a gift; it offers you a life you have not time to live yourself, and it takes you into a world you have not the time to travel in literal time. A civilized mind is one that contains many such lives and many such worlds. If you are too much in a hurry, or too proud of your own limitations, to accept as a gift to your humanity some pieces of the minds of Aristotle or Einstein, then you are neither a developed human nor a useful citizen of a civilization.

人类技术的发展是如此，人类精神财富的积累也是如此。这些财富，不管是技术方面的，还是精神方面的，大都储存在书本里。多读一本书，你就多增加一份经验。读一读荷马的史诗，你的头脑里就有了一些荷马的思想。通过读书，你至少能获得维吉尔、但丁、莎士比亚等无数前人的一点点思想火花与人生经验，因为一部伟大的著作就是一份厚礼，它使你经历你一生中没有时间去亲身经历的生活，把你带到一个你在现实中没有时间去遨游的世界。一个文明人的头脑里包含着许许多多这样的生活经历和这样的世界。如果你匆匆忙忙急着去赚钱，或者对自己有限的知识而自鸣得意，从而把亚里士多德或者爱因斯坦的思想这个提高你的品德修养的礼物拒之门外，那么你既不是一个发展到成熟阶段的人，也不是一个文明社会有用的成员。

The Great Idea of Mr. Budd (Ⅰ)

Dorothy L. Sayers

Learning Guide

巴德先生在伦敦开了一家不起眼的理发店，生意还算得过去。自从对面的女士美发厅开业以来，巴德先生理发店的顾客就越来越少了，看到对手的店里总是门庭若市，他实在是忿忿不平。论手艺，他比对

手强得多，尤其是他那染发的绝艺，那是多年潜心钻研的结果，现在却无用武之地。日子不好过，巴德先生时刻留心有什么挣钱的机会。一天，报上一则悬赏缉拿一名杀人嫌疑犯的消息引起了他的注意。这可是一个机会……

1￡500 REWARD

2.The Evening Messenger has decided to offer the above reward to any person who gives information which results in the arrest of William Strickland, who is wanted by the police in connection with the murder of Emma Strickland in Manchester.

悬赏500英镑,威廉·斯特里克兰因涉嫌发生在曼彻斯特的埃玛·斯特里克兰谋杀案受到警方的通缉，《晚间信使报》向任何一位提供线索能使警方逮捕威廉·斯特里克兰的人奖励以上所设的赏金。

3DESCRIPTION OF THE WANTED MAN

4This is the official description of William Strickland: Age forty-three; height about six feet one inch;

thick silver-grey hair, which may be dyed; full grey beard, but may now have been shaved off; light grey eyes; large nose; strong white teeth, of which some are filled with gold; left thumbnail damaged by a recent blow.

嫌疑犯的特征. 这是官方提供的对威廉·斯特里克兰特征的描述：四十三岁；身高六英尺一英寸；头发浓密，银灰色，有可能染发；络腮胡，灰色，但可能已刮掉；浅灰色眼睛；大鼻子；大白牙，有几颗用黄金镶填过；左手大拇指指甲最近受到损伤。

5.Mr. Budd read the description carefully. There were hundreds of barbers' shops in London. It was unlikely that William Strickland would choose his small shop for a haircut, a shave or even to have his hair dyed. Three weeks had passed since the murder, and it seemed very probable that William Strickland had already left the country. But in spite of this Mr. Budd memorised the description as well as possible. There was a chance. These were difficult times for Mr. Budd, and he was attracted by any opportunity of making money.

巴德先生认真地看完了对嫌疑犯特征的描述。在伦敦有几百家理发店，威廉·斯特里克兰不太可能选他的这家小理发店理发、修面、染发。谋杀案已发生三个星期了，威廉·斯特里克兰很可能已经离开英国。但即使这样，巴德先生还是尽可能地记住了嫌疑犯的特征。毕竟还是有机会的。近来巴德先生的日子不好过，任何挣钱的机会对他来说都是很有吸引力的。

6It may seem strange that, in an age when it was fashionable for ladies to have their hair styled, Mr.

Budd should search for opportunities of making money. But recently a new "Ladies Hairdressing

Department" had opened opposite. The result was an endless stream of young ladies who hurried there to make appointments. Day after day, Mr. Budd watched them going in and out of the rival shop and hoped that some of them would come over to him; but they never did. And yet Mr. Budd knew that he was the better hairdresser. He had studied especially the art of hair-dyeing, and it made him quite angry to see the careless way in which his rival did this particular branch of his work.

女士们去发廊做头发已经成为时尚，在这样的时代里，巴德先生却仍要寻找机会挣钱，这件事看来还真有些不可思议。可是前不久对面新开了一家“女士美发厅”，结果这家美发厅总是不断地有许许多多的年轻女士们去预约。日复一日，巴德先生看着她们从他的竞争对手那里出出进进，他是多么希望她们当中有些人会到他的理发店里来啊，但她们从没来过。然而巴德先生心里却明白他的理发技术要比对手强。他专门学过染发这门技艺，看到他的对手马马虎虎地干着他特别擅长的活，他很是生气。

7Mr. Budd put the newspaper down and, as he did so, caught sight of his face in the mirror.He was not the sort of man who catches a violent murderer by himself. Even with a razor, he would be no match for William Strickland, who had murdered his old aunt so violently. Mr. Budd shook his head doubtfully and walked towards the door to watch the busy shop opposite. As he did so, he nearly ran into a large man who suddenly came in through the doorway.

巴德先生放下报纸，这时他在镜中看到了自己的脸。他可不是单枪匹马就能抓获一个凶狠杀人犯的那种人。即使是拿着刮胡刀，他也不是威廉·斯特里克兰的对手，那可是残杀了自己老姑妈的家伙呢。巴德先生摇了摇头，对于自己能否对付得了威廉·斯特里克兰一点也没有把握。他向门口走去，看到对面的理发店很是红火。就在这时，他差点撞上了一位突然闯进来的高个子男子。

8"I beg your pardon, sir," said Mr. Budd politely, not wanting to lose any money. "Would you like a shave, sir?"

9The large man quickly took off his coat."Are you ready to die?" he asked fiercely.

“对不起，先生。”巴德先生客气地说，他不想失去挣钱的机会。“修面吗，先生？”高个子男子很快脱去了外套。“想死吗？”他凶狠很地问。

11The question was so close to Mr. Budd's thoughts about murder that for a moment he was quite frightened. "I beg your pardon, sir," he managed to say at last.

"Do you dye hair?" said the man impatiently. "Oh!" said Mr. Budd, feeling relieved, "yes, sir, certainly."

这个问题与巴德先生想到的谋杀案如此贴近，他一时被吓呆了。“对不起，先生，您说什么？”他好不容易开口问道。“染发吗？”那人不耐烦地说。“噢，”巴德先生松了一口气，“是的，先生，当然。”

15This was a stroke of luck. He could get a good price for dyeing."Good," said the man,sitting down and allowing Mr. Budd to put a cloth about his neck. "The fact of the matter is that my young lady doesn't like red hair. I thought that perhaps it could be changed to something less noticeable. Dark brown is the colour that she would like. What do you think?"

真走运，染发的价格可比别的高。“好，”那人说着坐了下来，让巴德先生在他的脖子上围了一块罩布。“老实说，是我的未婚妻不喜欢我的红头发，我想，也许可以把头发染成某种不显眼的颜色。深褐色是她喜欢的颜色，你觉得怎么样？”

16Mr. Budd, in the interests of business, agreed that dark brown would be very nice.Besides, it was very likely that there was no young lady. When a man is going to do something foolish he prefers, if possible, to put the responsibility on to someone else.

为了做成这笔生意，巴德先生随声附和地说深褐色挺好。再说，也许他根本就没有什么未婚妻。一个人要是执意要做什么蠢事，只要可能，他总喜欢把责任推到别人身上。

17."Very well, then," said the man, "carry on. And I'm afraid that the beard must go. My young lady

doesn't like beards."

18.The man sat back, and Mr. Budd noticed strong, well-kept teeth, one of which was filled with gold. “那很好，”那人说。“开始染吧。还有，恐怕胡子也得刮掉。我的未婚妻不喜欢胡子。”

历年全国自考综合英语(一)真题

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