人教版必修一第五单元Book 1 Unit 5

Ⅰ.重点单词识记

1．generous /′d?en?r?s/adj.慷慨的；大方的

2．found /fa?nd/v t.建立；建设

3．principle /′prIns?pl/n．法则；原理；原则

4．guidance /′ɡaId?ns/n．指导；领导

5．hopeful /′h??pfl/adj.怀有希望的，有希望的

6．vote /v??t/v．& n．投票，选举

7．attack /?′t?k/v t.进攻，攻击；抨击

8．escape /I′skeIp/v i.逃脱，逃走；泄露

9．relative /′rel?tIv/n．亲戚，亲属

10．terror /′ter?/n．恐怖；可怕的人；恐怖时期；恐怖活动

11．quality /′kw?l?tI/n．质量；品质；性质→quantity n．数量，量

12．active /′?ktIv/adj.积极的；活跃的→actively ad v.积极地；活跃地→activity n. 活动13．devote /dI′v??t/v t.献身，专心于→devoted adj.忠实的；深爱的→devotion n．关爱；献身，奉献；忠诚

14．peaceful /′pi?sfl/adj.和平的；平静的；安宁的→peacefully ad v.和平地→peace n．和平；

平静；和睦

15．legal /′li?ɡl/adj.法律的；依照法律的→illegal (反义词) adj.非法的，违法的16．violence /′vaI?l?ns/n．暴力；暴行→violent adj.暴力的；猛烈的

17．equal /′i?kw?l/adj.相等的；平等的→equality n．平等，相等→equally ad v.同样地；相等地；公平地

18．educate /′ed??keIt/v t.教育；训练→educated adj.受过教育的；有教养的→education n．教育→educator n．教育工作者，教育家

19．beg /beɡ/v i.请求；乞求→beggar n．乞丐

20．reward /rI′w??d/n．报酬；奖金；v t.酬劳；奖赏→rewarding adj.值得的；有益的；有回

报的

Ⅱ.重点短语识记

1．out of work失业

2．as a matter of fact/in fact事实上

3．blow up使充气；爆炸

4．in trouble在危险、受罚、痛苦、忧虑等的处境中

5．turn to求助于；致力于

6．lose heart丧失勇气或信心

7．come to power上台；当权

8．set up设立，建立；搭起

9．be sentenced to被判处……(徒刑)

10．in one’s opinion在某人看来

Ⅲ.经典原句默写与背诵

1．However，this was a time when one had got to have a passbook to live in Johannesburg.

然而在那个时候，你要想住在约翰内斯堡就非得要有身份证不可。

2．The last thirty years have seen the greatest number of laws stopping our rights and progress，until today we have reached a stage where we have almost no rights at all.

过去30年来所出现的大量法律剥夺我们的权利，阻挡我们的进步，一直到今天，我们还处在几乎什么权利都没有的阶段。

3．...we were put into a position in which we had either to accept we were less important，or fight the government.

……我们被置于这样一种境地：要么被迫承认我们低人一等，要么与政府作斗争。4．...only then did we decide to answer violence with violence.

……只有到那个时候，我们才决定用暴力反抗暴力。

5．I felt bad the first time I talked to a group.

第一次跟一个团队说话时，我感觉很糟。

1．Although he is quite old，he leads an active life.His activities include tennis and painting.(active) 2．Everyone hopes to be treated equally because equality is the basic demand.(equal)

3．After retiring from the basketball field，Yao Ming decided to get further education(educate) in Shanghai Jiao Tong University.

4．Some people choose not to eat meat because they believe that it is cruel(cruelty) to eat animals.

5．Doctor Smith will be with you as your guidance(guide)．

6．We had a peaceful(peace) afternoon without the children.

7．Hopefully(hopeful)，I’ll be able to stay at home for three weeks this time.

8．The youth(young) of today have greater opportunities than ever before.

9．It’s illegal(legal) to drive a car without a driver’s license.

10．Her son，to whom she was so devoted(devote)，went abroad ten years ago.

1quality n.质量；品质；品德

high/good/top quality高质量

poor/bad/low quality质量差

be of high quality质量高

The food is of the highest quality.

这种食品质量最优。

What is the quality you most admire in others?

你最羡慕其他人的什么品质？

夯实基础

翻译句子

(1)质量比数量更重要。

Quality is more important than quantity.

(2)他是一个高素质的人。

He is a man of high quality.

2devote v.献身；致力；专心于；把……用于(give most of...to)

devote...to...把……致力于……，专心于……

devoted adj.忠实的

be devoted to致力于，献身于；热爱……

devotion n.奉献；关照

Besides，she often devotes her spare time to helping others.

而且，她经常把业余时间用来帮助他人。(2010·浙江·书面表达) However，as I stepped into Senior Three，I had to devote most of my spare time to studying.

但是当升入高三后，我不得不把大多数业余时间都用来学习。

Alanna has always shown intense devotion to her children.

阿立娜一直非常钟爱她的孩子们。

夯实基础

(1)用devote的适当形式填空

①He is highly thought of because of his devotion to duty.

②His life is one devoted to the people.

(2)同义句改写

She was devoted to her study and she took the first place in the exam.(用过去分词短语作状语改写句子)

Devoted to her study，she took the first place in the exam.

3 vote v.投票，表决；建议；n.选票；投票；表决

vote for投票赞成

vote against投票反对

vote on投票表决

vote to do...表决做某事

He was voted the most promising new director.

他当选为最有前途的新导演。

The plan was passed by 6 votes to 3.

这项计划以6票对3票获得通过。

夯实基础

(1)语法填空

①Did you vote for or against her?

②If we can’t agree，we’ll have to vote on it.

(2)Fearing that most of the citizens voted against him，he wore a smile.

因担心大多数人投票反对他，他脸上总是露出微笑。

4position n.姿势；位置，方位；职位；地位；v.安置；安装

in one’s position处于某人的位置(状况)

in position在适当的位置

out of position不在适当的位置

take the position that...认为……

I’m really interested in this position and hope I can work for you.

我真的对这个职位感兴趣，希望能为你工作。(2011·辽宁·书面表达)

The position of the lamp will give the best light.

这盏灯现在放的位置照明效果最佳。

Leave the bandage in position until the doctor tells you to remove it.

让绷带保持原样，直到医生叫你拆掉为止。

特别提醒

当position后跟定语从句且position在从句中作状语时，引导词应用where。

夯实基础

(1)When he applied for a position in the office of the local newspaper，he was told to see the

manager.

当他向当地报社申请职位时，人们要他去见经理。

(2)The agency takes the position that their products are best-sellers.

代理商认为他们的产品最畅销。

5allow v.允许；准许

allow doing...允许做某事

allow sb.to do...允许某人做……

allow sb.sth.允许某人某事

allow for考虑到

The reason is often that the pressure from their parents allows them almost no time for other activities.

原因是来自父母的压力几乎让他们没有时间从事其他的活动。(2011·陕西·书面表达) We don’t allow smoking in our home.

在我们家里不允许吸烟。

He was allowed to leave the country.

他获准离开该国。

夯实基础

用所给词的适当形式填空

(1)The children are not allowed to watch(watch) violent TV programmes.

(2)We don’t allow eating(eat) in the classroom.

(3)She has a gift for creating an atmosphere for her students which allows them to communicate(communicate) freely with each other.

6 equal adj.相同的，相等的(the same in...)；平等的；相当的；能胜任的(fit；capable)；n.同等的人；相等物；v.与……相等，等于(be the same in...)；比得上；抵得过(be as good as...) be equal in在……方面比得上

be equal to sth./doing sth.等于；与……相等；胜任……

on equal terms在对等的条件下

without equal/have no equal无与伦比

He is a player without equal.

他是个无与伦比的运动员。

Though she is young，she has no equal in music.

尽管她很年轻，在音乐方面没有人能比得上她。

夯实基础

(1)用所给词的适当形式填空

I don’t think he is equal to doing(do) this kind of work，so I can’t hire him.

(2)一句多译

他能胜任这项工作。

①He is equal to the job.(equal)

②He is up to the job.(up)

③He is fit for the job.(fit)

④He is qualified to do the job.(qualified)

7reward v.报答；奖赏；n.奖赏；回报；酬金

in reward for为奖赏……

as a reward for作为对……的奖赏

reward sb.for sth.因某事而奖赏某人

reward sb.with sth.用某物回报某人

He received a medal in reward for his bravery.

他因表现勇敢而获得了一枚奖章。

He was given a medal as a reward for his service.

作为对所提供服务的奖赏，他得到了一枚奖章。

夯实基础

(1)He received a reward of $900(900美元的奖金) from the police for catching the criminal.

(2)It is widely accepted that young babies learn to do things because certain acts lead to rewards(奖励)．

8opinion n.意见；见解；信念；看法；主张

依我看，人们应该学会接受现实并不断努力。(2013·北京·开放作文) 特别提醒

(1)英语中“表达……意见”通常用express/give/offer one’s opinion，而不说make one’s opinion。

(2)英语习惯上用what询问某人的意见或看法，而不用how。

(3)英语中常用according to sb.或in one’s opinion来表示“根据某人的意见”。

夯实基础

(1)In my opinion(我认为)，you should go there by yourself.

(2)Opinions vary(观点不同) from person to person on this issue.

(3)Most of the audience had a high opinion of(对……评价高) the performance of our athletes in

the 16th Asian Games.

turn to in trouble lose heart the first time come to power

1．He found himself really in trouble this time.

2．Their talk turned to the change that had taken place in the city.

3．The first time I saw him，I was amazed at his devotion to his career.

4．It is said that when the new president comes to power，he will have to face many difficult problems.

5．I didn’t lose heart and kept running.

1as a matter of fact事实上；其实

表示“事实上；其实”的其他短语：in (actual) fact，in truth，in reality，in practice，in nature As a matter of fact，I’ve never been there before.

事实上，我以前从未去过那儿。

夯实基础

(1)同义句改写

He appears to be strong and healthy，but in fact，he suffers from a heart attack.(用in fact的同义短语改写句子)

①He appears to be strong and healthy，but as a matter of fact，he suffers from a heart attack.

②He appears to be strong and healthy，but in truth/reality/practice/nature，he suffers from a

heart attack.

(2)翻译句子

其实，做这件事的就是我。

As a matter of fact，I was the one who did it.

2turn to 转身；求助于；致力于

turn to sb.for help向某人求助

turn down拒绝

turn out结果是；证明是

take turns to do.../in doing...轮流做……

in turn依次；轮流；相应地

by turns 轮流地

However，when it is something beyond my competence，I turn to my classmates or teachers for help.

但是当事情超出我的能力时，我向同学或老师求助。(2011·安徽·书面表达) Then I turned to my teacher and he advised me to cooperate with others.

然后我向老师求助，他建议我和其他同学合作。(2011·湖北·短文写作) 夯实基础

用turn短语的适当形式填空

(1)—You look upset.What’s the matter?

—I had my proposal turned down again.

(2)You can turn to your teacher for help if you are in trouble.

(3)Don’t worry.All will turn out right.

3lose heart灰心；泄气；丧失信心(lose confidence)

lose one’s heart to sb.爱上某人

lose one’s temper发脾气

lose one’s patience失去耐心

lose one’s way迷路

We didn’t win the match，but we didn’t lose heart.

我们没有赢得比赛，但我们没有灰心。(2013·湖南·书面表达)

夯实基础

用lose短语的适当形式填空

(1)I found I’ve lost my heart to you.

(2)My grandfather became fierce when he lost his temper.

(3)We’ve kept waiting for almost an hour；I lost my patience.

(4)The team had won no games and it lost heart.

1．I was touched by her beautiful voice the first time I listened to her singing(我第一次听她演唱)．2．Only in this way can we(只有用这种方法我们才能) solve the problem as soon as possible. 3．When I went by his window，I saw him doing his homework(我看见他正在做作业)．

4．My hometown has witnessed/seen/found great changes(我的家乡发生了巨大的变化) in the past 20 years.

5．The baby has reached the stage where(到了这个阶段) he can stand up.

1 He was the first man to land on the moon in July 1969.1969年7月，他成为第一个登上月

球的人。

句型公式：不定式作定语

(1)动词不定式可以用来修饰人和物，一般置于被修饰的名词或代词之后，即后置定语。

(2)当被修饰成分前有序数词或最高级及the only，the very修饰时，常用不定式作定语。

(3)to come将来的；to spare剩余的。这两个短语常放在时间名词后面作后置定语。

(4)修饰某些抽象名词的不定式，有时可转换为介词短语。

I caught the train with only a few seconds to spare.

我在离开车只剩数秒时赶上了火车。

夯实基础

(1)用所给词的适当形式填空

①The captain is the last to leave(leave) the ship.

②The ability to express(express) an idea is as important as the idea itself.

③V olunteering gives you a chance to change(change) lives，including your own.

④That is the only way we can imagine to reduce(reduce) the overuse of water in students’

bathrooms.

(2)翻译句子

他总是第一个回答问题。

句型公式：only...

only＋状语置于句首，句子用倒装语序。

“only＋副词、介词短语、从句”放在句首时，句子用部分倒装形式。

Only in this way can we live in more comfortable and beautiful surroundings.

只有这样，我们才能生活在一个舒适美丽的环境中。(2012·福建·书面表达) Only by saying polite words can you get on well with others.

只有说话礼貌你才能和其他人相处得好。(2010·江西·书面表达) 特别提醒

(1)only＋从句放在句首时，倒装的是主句，从句不倒装。

(2)only修饰主语时不倒装。

夯实基础

(1)单句改错

①Only when had he studied the data again he realized that there was a mistake.

Only when he had studied the data again did he realize that there was a mistake.

②Only can man speak.

Only man can speak.

(2)同义句改写

The patients can be treated only by increasing the number of doctors by 50 percent.(改为倒装句)

Only by increasing the number of doctors by 50 percent can the patients be treated.

3I felt bad the first time I talked to a group.第一次给旅行团作讲解时，我的心情很不好。

句型公式：...the first time...

the first time作连词，引导时间状语从句。类似的还有：the moment，the minute，the second，the instant，the day，the week，the month，the year，each/every/next/any/last time，immediately，instantly，directly等。

He paid back the money he owed us immediately he returned home.

他一回到家就把欠我们的钱还上了。

Every time I see the old man in the park，he is absorbed in reading papers.

每次在公园里看到这位老人时，他都在专注地看报。

特别提醒

for the first time在句中只能作状语，不具有连词功能，不能用来引导状语从句。

夯实基础

(1)单句改错

The first time in her life Jennie realized that so many people were loving her in the world.

The first time→For the first time

(2)同义句改写

I fell in love with you the moment I saw you.

①I fell in love with you as soon as I saw you.(用as soon as改写句子)

②I fell in love with you immediately/directly/instantly I saw you.(用以-ly结尾的连词改写

句子)

用定语从句的引导词完成句子

(1)What is the name of the town where we stayed last night?

(2)Please leave the book where it was.

(3)This is the reason why/for which he cried.

(4)July，when/in which we can go home for a rest，is coming soon.

(5)I shall never forget the days when I lived in the country with my parents.

Ⅰ.教材活用——根据课文内容完成下面的短文

Nelson Mandela,1.born on July 18,1918，is the first black president of South Africa. He studied law 2.after he entered university. Then in 1952 he set up a law office to help poor black people. Because of his fight 3.against the government and anti-black laws，he 4.was sentenced(sentence) to five years of hard labour. After 5.that he formed ANC Youth League. Fighters from ANC began to blow up buildings in 1963 and he was sentenced 6.to life imprisonment on Robben Island. Twenty seven years https://www.sodocs.net/doc/e04151930.html,ter(late)，he was freed by the white government. In 1993 he was made President of South Africa and the government by and for 8.the black people was finally set 9.up.

Nelson Mandela was 10.really(real) a great man!

Ⅱ.课外拓展——阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容(不多于3个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式

Sam：Taxi！Right here!

Keiko：1.Where to?

Sam：I am 2.going(go) to the airport.

Keiko：No problem.Let’s go.

Sam：3.Thanks(thank)．

Keiko：Where are you 4.flying(fly) to?

Sam：I am going to 5.a meeting in London.

Keiko：Oh.Are you a business man?

Sam：Yes，I am a manager.6.By the way，how long will 7.it take to get to the airport?

Keiko：It https://www.sodocs.net/doc/e04151930.html,ually (usual) takes about 30 minutes.But 9.traffic is bad at the moment.

Sam：So how long will it take?

Keiko：About 45 minutes.It rarely takes more than an hour.

Sam：That’s OK.I could catch my 10.flight if we can arrive at the airport in an hour.

Ⅰ.阅读理解

A

We have an amazing 99 friends at the age of 21—more than at any other time in our life，according to a new study.The typical 21-year-old’s social circle nearly hits 100，with 13 “best”friends,17 “close” friends and 70 acquaintances.

The research undertaken by skin care brand Nivea found our social circle peaks at 21 as we meet people at work while keeping in touch with friends from school and university.But as our working lives take over，we lose contact with some old friends causing the number to drop to around 68 by the time we are 29 years old.Although this decline continues into old age，it slows down slightly for people in their 30s when many of them become first-time parents.It is believed that this is because people form new friendships while on the maternity ward(产科病房)，a post-natal(产后) groups and when taking their toddlers to nursery.

The Nivea Closeness Report found the balance between our numbers of “best friends”，“close friends”and “acquaintances”，remains fairly constant throughout our lifetime.The average Briton has 18 close friends and a friendship circle，when all Facebook and other social networking “friends”are included，of 208 people.The report found that men have more than twice the number of close friends，with around 27 compared to women who have just 12.Londoners are also the most sociable，with 39 “close friends”，while the Welsh have just 11.

The age of 21 is such a critical junction in life and that’s why we have so many friends then.As we get older we become more selective and have fewer close friends with whom we talk about the things that are really important to us.Perhaps when we are younger，instead of having one trusted confidante(知己) we share different things with a variety of different people. 1．According to the Nivea Closeness Report，who have the largest number of close friends? A．Canadians. B．Londoners.

C．Welsh. D．Americans.

答案 B

解析细节理解题。根据第三段最后一句可知，伦敦人最善于交际，有39个亲密好友，而威尔士人只有11个。因此，伦敦人拥有亲密好友的数量最多。

2．Older people have fewer friends than the 21-year-olds because .

A．they think friends are no longer important

B．they are less interested in making friends

C．they are more selective and cautious

D．they have little time to make friends

答案 C

解析细节理解题。根据最后一段第二句可知，当我们年龄渐长，我们的择友标准更严格了，能够与自己推心置腹的亲密好友也就越来越少了，因此C项正确。

3．People of 21 years old have the largest number of close friends partly because . A．they have a lot of playing time

B．they contact more with old friends

C．they begin to focus on their working life

D．they form new friendship with workmates

答案 D

解析推理判断题。由第二段第一句可知，人们在21岁时，工作中会接触到新的人，同时也保持着与中学、大学好友的联系，所以社交圈在此时达到顶峰。由此可推知，21岁时亲密朋友最多与参加工作后认识新同事有关系。

4．What would be the best title for the passage?

A．We Are Most Popular at 21

B．Close Friends Are Very Important

C．Who Own Most Friends at 21?

D．Why Do We Have Most Friends at 21?

答案 A

解析标题归纳题。本文主要讲了人在21岁时拥有的朋友数量要比其他时期多，也就是说，人在21岁时最受人欢迎，故A项为最佳标题。

B

If you’re making the film with other people，organize your cast and crew effectively.Make sure everybody knows their role and what day and times they’re needed.

Give people specific jobs so they can become experts in their field.For example，a sound recordist listens to the sound through headphones as it’s being recorded，and holds an extra microphone if needed.

A camera operator frames the picture，sets focus，checks the light and records the action.The editor “cuts” the picture together after it’s shot(拍摄)．

A producer is the contact point for the film.He or she makes sure crew and cast are there on time，talks to the press and organizes the budget.

A director has to make sure their vision is communicated.To do this everyone needs to be clear about what the director expects from each scene and each shot.

You may also need a make-up-artist，a choreographer，a driver etc.However，you can quite

easily make your first film on your own.Make a schedule that says which shots are to be taken where and when (this is called a shooting schedule) and when you’ve completed a take，cross it off the list.Remember that you may want to shoot “out of sequence”，e.g. shoot the last scene first，and the first last.Similarly if the film begins and ends by a tree in the park，it may make sense to film both scenes while you’re there.

Continuity is particularly important in drama.Take a Polaroid camera and take photos to capture details.You may need to come back to a scene days later.When you decide your locations，consider whether you need permission to use the space，how noisy it will be and what the light will be like at the time of day you will need to use it.Is there power available？Are you likely to be interrupted?

If you’re making animation(动画片) or any computer generated stuff，have a space that you can control.You may need extra lights and you may need to leave work in progress.Make sure people living with you are aware what’s happening.Animation needs a lot of undisturbed concentration and patience.Keep at it and it’ll pay off.Aardmann and Disney both started off at home experimenting with clay(黏土)，pens and a camera.

5．From the first two paragraphs we can see .

A．every crew member is an expert in his field

B．careful preparations and arrangement are quite necessary

C．both the cast and crew must arrive at the same time every day

D．every person should have his equipment while working together

答案 B

解析细节理解题。前两段主要讲述拍摄电影的前期准备工作，包括演员名单、工作人员以及他们需要各负其责，分工协作。

6．To shoot a film，a shooting schedule must be fixed first .

A．but it may be crossed off if unnecessary

B．but you needn’t work exactly on it

C．and each step must be carried out by it

D．and no one can change it once settled

答案 B

解析细节理解题。根据倒数第三段可知，拍摄时间表要事先制定，但随着场景的需要在顺序上可灵活调整。

7．It can be inferred from the next-to-last paragraph that .

A．you need ask others’ advice when deciding locations

B．it is easy to find a proper location to shoot a film

C．once you find a good place to film you must check it later

D．unexpected things may happen while you are shooting in a place

答案 D

解析推理判断题。拍外景要考虑别人是否允许使用，要考虑外景地的环境，包括噪音、光线、电力供应等，由此推测如果考虑不周，有可能会发生意想不到的事情。

8．What is the last paragraph mainly about?

A．Preparations for making animation.

B．The importance of family’s support.

C．The equipment of making animation.

D．Successful stories of Aardmann and Disney.

答案 A

解析段落大意题。最后一段谈到拍摄动画片时，需要准备一个场地、额外的灯光、安排工作进度、得到身边的人的理解与支持等等，这些都是拍摄动画片的准备工作。

文章中的2个阅读障碍句分析

1．Similarly if the film begins and ends by a tree in the park，it may make sense to film both scenes while you’re there.(Paragraph 6)

句式分析：该句中包含一个if引导的条件状语从句，一个while引导的时间状语从句。

自主翻译：类似地，如果这部电影以在一个公园里的一棵树开始和结束，那么当你在那里的时候，拍摄这两个场景可能是比较明智的做法。

2．When you decide your locations，consider whether you need permission to use the space，how noisy it will be and what the light will be like at the time of day you will need to use it.(Paragraph 7)

句式分析：该句中when引导了一个时间状语从句；whether，how和what引导了三个宾语从句，作consider的宾语；you will need to use it是一个定语从句，修饰先行词the time of day。

自主翻译：当你决定外景地的时候，要考虑使用这块场地是否要得到许可，这里的喧闹程度，以及到你需要用的那天，这里的光线如何。

Ⅱ.语法填空

John：The final exam is coming.It seems that you are busy 1.preparing(prepare) for it.

Mary：Of course.Nobody,2.except you，is idling around the whole day long.

John：Don’t say that.You wrong me if you think I know nothing but fun.In fact，I’ve been working very hard these days.

Mary：You are always that way：3.making(make) efforts at the last moment.

John：Believe me，I’ve really made good preparations this time and I’m staying up late every

night...

Mary：Very well，that’s to say，you don’t need my help any 4.more(much)．

John：You may well say so，but en...en...,5.if possible，would you be kind enough to do me a little bit of favour?

Mary：No 6.way.Never expect me to do that.Truth to tell，I hate it.

John：I’m begging you，Mary，please，just this one time.You see，I was born with 7.a poor memory.I’m remembering the new words time and time again but keeping

8.forgetting(forget) them time and time again.Besides，it is 9.so easy a job—just pass on a

note，that’s OK.

Mary：It is everything but easy！I was almost caught last time!

John：I promise to buy 10.you a lovely Barbie girl，OK?

Ⅲ.书面表达

我校学生会组织以“我的中国梦”为主题的英语演讲比赛。假设你是李华，请以“Dreams Lighten My Life”为题写一篇发言稿。内容包括：

1．自我介绍；

2．你的梦想是什么？

3．如何实现自己的梦想？

注意：1.包括以上所有内容；

2．词数100左右；

3．开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。

Ladies and gentlemen，

Good afternoon!

Thank you for your listening!

参考范文

Ladies and gentlemen，

Good afternoon!

I’m Li Hua，aged 17，a sunny and outgoing middle school student.Today，it’s my honor to stand here giving a speech with the title of “Dreams Lighten My Life”．

Everyone embraces different dreams to lighten life.When it comes to me，I’ve been dreaming of becoming a doctor since childhood.I hope to see a world where there is no cancer，no Aids，no fatal diseases.

Admittedly，to pursue and fulfill my dream，I will always keep it in mind so as to try most to

be admitted by a key medical university，thus mastering the essential knowledge and accumulating a great deal of experience.

This is my dream，lightening my life far ahead.Now I believe I have one more step to close to it，right?

Thank you for your listening!

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JOHN SNOW DEFEATS “KING CHOLERA John Snow was a famous doctor in London—so expert, indeed, that he attended Queen Victoria as her personal physician. But he became inspired when he thought about helping ordinary people exposed to cholera. This was the deadly disease of its day. Neither its cause nor its cure was understood. So many thousands of terrified people died every time there was an outbreak. John Snow wanted to face the challenge and solve this problem. He knew that cholera would never be controlled until its cause was found. 约翰·斯洛是伦敦一位著名的医生——他的确医术精湛，因而成为照料维多利亚女王的私人医生。但他一想到要帮助那些得了霍乱的普通百姓时，他就感到很振奋。霍乱在当时是最致命的疾病，人们既不知道它的病源，也不了解它的治疗方法。每次霍乱暴发时，就有大批惊恐的老百姓死去。约翰·斯洛想面对这个挑战，解决这个问题。他知道，在找到病源之前，霍乱疫情是无法控制的。 He became interested in two theories that possibly explained how cholera killed people. The first suggested that cholera multiplied in the air. A cloud of dangerous gas floated around until it found its victims. The second suggested that people absorbed this disease into their bodies with their meals. From the stomach the disease quickly attacked the body and soon the affected person died. 斯洛对霍乱致人死地的两种推测都很感兴趣。一种看法是霍乱病毒在空气中繁殖着，像一股危险的气体到处漂浮，直到找到病毒的受害者为止。第二种看法是人们在吃饭的时候把这种病毒引入体内的。病从胃里发作而迅速殃及全身，患者就会很快地死去。 John Snow suspected that the second theory was correct but he needed evidence. So when another outbreak hit London in 1845, he was ready to begin his enquiry. As the disease spread quickly through poor neighborhoods, he began to gather information. In two particular streets, the cholera outbreak was so severe that more than 500 people died in ten days. He was determined to find out why. 斯洛推测第二种说法是正确的，但他需要证据。因此，在1854 年伦敦再次暴发霍乱的时候，约翰·斯洛着手准备对此进行调研。当霍乱在贫民区迅速蔓延的时候，约翰·斯洛就开始收集资料。他发现特别在两条街道上霍乱流行的很严重，在10 天之内就死去了500 多人。他决心要查明原因。 First he marked on a map the exact places where all the dead people had lived. This gave him a valuable clue about the cause of the disease. Many of the deaths were near the water pump in Broad Street (especially numbers 16,37, 38 and 40) . He also noticed that some houses (such as 20 and 21 Broad Street and 8 and 9 Cambridge Street) had had no deaths. He had not foreseen this, so he made further investigations. He discovered that these people worked in the pub at 7 Cambridge Street. They had been given free beer and so had not drunk the water from the pump. It seemed that the water was to blame. 首先，他在一张地图上标明了所有死者住过的地方。这提供了一条说明霍乱起因的很有价值的线索。许多死者是住在宽街的水泵附近（特别是这条街上16、37、38、40 号）。他发现有些住宅（如宽街上20 号和21 号以及剑桥街上的8 号和9 号）却无人死亡。他以前没预料到这种情况，所有他决定深入调查。他发现，这些人都在剑桥街7 号的酒馆里打工，而酒馆为他们免费提供啤酒喝，因此他们没有喝从宽街水泵抽上来的水。看来水是罪魁祸首。Next, John Snow looked into the source of the water for these two streets. He found that it came from the river polluted by the dirty water from London. He immediately told the astonished people in Broad Street to remove the handle from the pump so that it could not be used. Soon

人教版高中英语必修五Unit1知识点详解

必修 5 Unitl Great scientists Part 1. Warming up 1. explain 及物动词(vt.) 解释;说明；阐明[(+to)][+wh-][+(that)] He expla in ed that he had bee n cheated. 他解释说他是上当受骗了。 Can you expla in how the machi ne operates? 你能解释一下这机器是如何运转的吗? Please expla in this rule to me. 请给我讲解一下这条规则。 不及物动词(vi.)解释；说明；辩解 r ve got to explai n about it. 我得解释一下此事。 2. characteristic n. 特征；特性Kindn ess is one of his characteristics. adj. 独特的I heard my friend ' characteristic laugh. be characteristic of sb./sth. 是..... 的特性 Such blu ntn ess is characteristic of hin. 如此迟钝是他的特性。 3. Who put forward a theory about black holes? put forward 提出(建议等)；提名；提前，把时钟往前拨 He put forward a new pla n. 他提出一个新计划。 May I put your n ame forward as a possible chairma n of the committee? 我能否提名你当委员会主席？ [归纳拓展] put dow n 记下；镇压put out 关掉；熄灭 put aside 放在一边；储存；保留put off 推迟；延期 put up 建造；举起；张贴put on 穿上 put away 收好 选词填空 (put off, put up, put forward, put aside, put out ) ①The pla n that you ___ at the meet ing is won derful. ②Many tall buildi ngs were ___ along the road. ③Firefighters have bee n called to ___ the fire in the city cen ter. ④He has a little money to ____ for a rainy day. ⑤Don't ____ u n til tomorrow what can be done today. Part 2. Pre-readi ng, readi ng and comprehe nding 1. Do you know how to prove a new idea in scie ntific research how to prove a new idea 为"疑问词+不定式”结构，该结构可在句中作主语、宾语、 衣?口等。 We haven 'decided where to go. 我们还没有决定去哪里。 The questio n is whe n to leave. 问题是什么时候动身。 2. draw a con clusi on 得出结论 1) conclusion 作名词，意为结束，结论” come to/reach/arrive at a con clusi on 得出结论 in con clusi on 最后

英语必修一unit5 课文原文+单词+音标

Unit 5 ELIAS` STORY My name is Elias.I am a poor black worker in South Africa.The time when I first met Nelson Mandela was a very difficult period of my life.I was twelve years old. It was in 1952 and Mandela was the black lawyer to whom I went for advice. He offered guidance to poor black people on their legal problems.He was generous with his time, for which I was grateful. I needed his help because I had very little education.I began school at six. The school where I studied for only two years was three kilometers away.I had to leave because my family could not continue to pay the school fees and the bus fare. I could not read or write well.After trying hard,I got a job in a gold mine.However,this was a time when one had got to have a passbook to live in Johannesburg.Sadly I did not have it because I was not born there, and I worried about whether I would become out of work. The day when Nelson Mandela helped me was one of my happiest.He told me how to get the correct papers so I could stay in Johannesburg.I became more hopeful about my future.I never forgot how kind Mandela was.When he organized the ANC Youth League, I joined it as soon as I could.He said:"The last thirty years have seen the greatest number of laws stopping our rights and progress, until today we have reached a stage where we have almost no rights at all.” It was the truth.Black people could not vote or choose their leaders.They could not get the jobs they wanted. The parts of town in which they had to live were decided by white people.The places outside the towns where they were sent to live were the poorest parts of South Africa. No one could grow food there .In fact as Nelson Mandela said:“…we were put into a position in which we had either to accept we were less important or fight the government. We chose to attack the laws.We first broke the law in a way which was peaceful; when this was not allowed…only then did we decide to answer violence with violence.…… As a matter of fact, I do not like violence…but in 1963 I helped him blow up some government buildings.It was very dangerous because if I was caught I could be put in prison.But I was happy to help because I knew it would help us achieve our dream of making black and white people equal. Book 1 Unit 5 △Nelson Mandela /'nelsn m?n'del?/ 纳尔逊·曼德拉(前南非共和国总统) quality /'kw?l?ti/ n. 质量；品质；性质 △warm-hearted /w?:m 'ha:tid/ adj. 热心肠的 mean /mi:n/ adj. 吝啬的；自私的；卑鄙的 active /'?ktiv/ adj. 积极的；活跃的 generous /'d?en?r?s/ adj. 慷慨的；大方的 △easy-going /i:zi:'g?ui?/ adj. 随和的；温和宽容的 self /self/ n. 自我；自身 selfish /'selfi?/ adj. 自私的 selfless /'selflis/ adj. 无私的；忘我的 selflessly /'selflisli/ adv. 无私地；忘我地 devote /di'v?ut/ vt. （与to连用）献身；专心于 devoted /di'v?utid/ adj. 忠实的；深爱的 △William Tyndale /'wilj?m 'tindl/ ` v cde2威廉·廷代尔(英国早期新教改革者) △Bible /'baibl/ n．《圣经》 △Norman Bethune /'n?:m?n b?'θu:n/ 诺曼·白求恩(加拿大胸外科医师) △invader /in'veid?/ n. 侵略者 found /faund/ vt. 建立；建设 republic /ri'p?blik/ n. 共和国；共和政体 principle /'prins?pl/ n. 法则；原则；原理 △nationalism /'n??n?liz?m/ n. 民族主义；国家主义