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"Dissection is icky令人作呕的. There's a yuck令人讨厌的factor原因" admits 承认Brian Shmaefsky, a board member 董事会成员with the National Association of Biology Teachers协会的生物学老师. "And a teacher has to weigh the benefits with the cost of students being offended 冒犯to the point 要点that it interferes 妨碍with learning."

Virtual blades刀片. So for cases 把...装于容器中in which a real dissection would be too slimy粘滑的, it's time to try some toad讨厌的家伙tech技术学院. While the first computer-based基于计算机的alternatives to dissection emerged 出现（in the 1980s, modern frog dissection software can be found at different websites. These software软件programs use creative clicking,发出滴答声high-powered大功率的zoom急速上升functions功能, and video clips围绕to teach anatomy. Froguts software, for example, lets students trace痕迹incision 切割lines with a computer mouse and snip剪断through skin with a virtual blade. There are even sound effects like a "slish" 冲破防线for slicing frog flesh, or a "shwoosh" for pinning down skin flaps. (Schools currently pay about $300 for a one-year software license, though some organizations will lend programs out free of charge.)

Earlier this year, a graduate student from Simon Fraser University in Vancouver designed the first-ever haptic (the Greek word for "touch") frog dissection program, which uses a penlike tool to create a sensation similar to cutting into real flesh. The hand-held device connects to a computer, and students move the device through the air while watching the results of their actions on a computer screen.

With Digital Frog—a popular program that's had approximately 1,500 frog demo downloads since January and is currently in use in 2,000 schools—students can add or subtract those amphibious organs with a mere mouse click. They can then assess their learning with sporadic frog anatomy quizzes.

"Repetition is helpful. The fact that a student can review sections of a

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