大学英语三级语法大全-II
大学英语三级语法大全II
倒装：倒装句之全部倒装
全部倒装是只将句子中的谓语动词全部置于主语之前。此结构通常只用于一般现在时和一般过去时。常见的结构有：
1）here，there，now，then，thus等副词置于句首，谓语动词常用be，come，go，lie，run等表示来去或状态的动词。例如：
Then came the chairman. 那时总裁来了。
Here is your letter. 你的信。
2）表示运动方向的副词或地点状语置于句首，谓语表示运动的动词。例如：
Out rushed a missile from under the bomber. 轰炸机肚底下窜出一枚导弹。
Ahead sat an old woman. 前面坐着一个老妪。
注意：上述全部倒装的句型结构的主语必须是名词，如果主语是人称代词则不能完全倒装。例如：
Here he comes. 他来了。
Away they went. 他们走开了。
倒装：以否定词开头作部分倒装
否定词如Not only…but also，Hardly/Scarcely…when，No sooner…than等放在句首，后面要用倒装。例如：
Not only did he refuse the gift，he also severely criticized the sender.
他没有收下礼物，还狠狠批评了送礼的人。
Hardly had she gone out when a student came to visit her. 她刚出门，就有个学生来访。
No sooner had she gone out than a student came to visit her. 她刚出门，就有个学生来访。
典型例题
No sooner___ than it began to rain heavily.
A. the game began
B.has the game begun
C. did the game begin
D.had the game begun
答案D. 以具有否定意义的副词放在句首时，一般采用倒装句（谓语前置）。这类表示否定意义的词有never，seldom，scarcely，little，few，not，hardly，以及not only…but （also），no sooner…than，hardly…when scarcely…when等等。
注意：只有当Not only…but also连接两个分句时，才在第一个分句用倒装结构。如果置于句首的Not only…but also仅连接两个并列词语，不可用倒装结构，如Not only you but also I am fond of music.
倒装：倒装句之部分倒装
部分倒装是指将谓语的一部分如助动词或情态倒装至主语之前。如果句子的谓语没有助动词或情态动词，则需添加助动词do，does或did，并将其置于主语之前。
1）句首为否定或半否定的词语，如no，not，never，seldom，little，hardly，at no time，in no way，not until…等。例如：
Never have I seen such a performance. 从未见过如此糟糕的表演。
Nowhere will you find the answer to this question. 无论如何你不会找到这个问题的答案的。Not until the child fell asleep did the mother leave the room. 母亲一直到孩子入睡后离开房间。
当Not until引出主从复合句，主句倒装，从句不倒装。注意：如否定词不在句首不倒装。例如：
I have never seen such a performance.
The mother didn't leave the room until the child fell asleep.
典型例题
1）Why can't I smoke here？
At no time___ in the meeting-room
A. is smoking permitted
B.smoking is permitted
C. smoking is it permitted
D.does smoking permit
答案A. 这是一个倒装问题。当否定词语置于句首以表示强调时，其句中的主谓须用倒装结构。这些否定词包括no，little，hardly，seldom，never，not only，not until等。本题的正常语序是Smoking is permitted in the meeting-room at no time.
2）Not until the early years of the 19th century ___ what heat is.
A. man did know
B. man know
C. didn't man know
D. did man know
答案D.看到Not until…的句型，我们知道为一倒装句，答案在C，D 中选一个。
改写为正常语序为，Man did not know what heat is until the early years of the 19th. 现在将not提前，后面就不能再用否定了，否则意思就变了。
倒装：only在句首倒装的情况
Only in this way，can you learn English well. 只有这样，你才能学好英语。
Only after being asked three times did he come to the meeting. 叫了三次，他才来参加会议。
如果句子为主从复合句，则主句倒装，从句不倒装。例如：
Only when he is seriously ill does he ever stay in bed. 病得狠重时，他才卧床休息。
倒装：so, neither, nor作部分倒装
用这些词表示"也"、"也不" 的句子要部分倒装。例如：
Tom can speak French. So can Jack. 汤姆会讲法语，杰克也会。
If you won't go，neither will I.你不去，我也不去。
典型例题
——Do you know Jim quarrelled with his brother？
——I don't know，_____.
A. nor don't I care
B. nor do I care
C. I don't care neither
D. I don't care also
答案：B. nor为增补意思"也不关心"，因此句子应倒装。A错在用don't 再次否定，C neither 用法不对且缺乏连词。D缺乏连词。
注意：当so引出的句子用以对上文内容加以证实或肯定时，不可用倒装结构。意为"
的确如此".例如：
Tom asked me to go to play football and so I did. 汤姆邀我去踢球，我去了。
——It's raining hard.——So it is. 雨下得真大。是呀。
倒装：as, though引导的倒装句
as / though引导的让步从句必须将表语或状语提前（形容词，副词，分词，实义动词提前）。但需注意：
1）句首名词不能带任何冠词。
2）句首是实义动词，其他助动词放在主语后。如果实义动词有宾语和状语，随实义动词一起放在主语之前。例如：
Try hard as he will，he never seems able to do the work satisfactorily. 他工作很努力，但总不能让人满意。
注意：让步状语从句中，有though，although时，后面的主句不能有but，但是though 和yet可连用。
倒装：其他部分倒装
1）so…that 句型中的so 位于句首时，需倒装。例如：
So frightened was he that he did not dare to move an inch. 他害怕得很，动也不敢动。
2）在某些表示祝愿的句型中。例如：
May you all be happy. 愿你们都快乐。
3）在虚拟语气条件句中从句谓语动词有were，had，should等词，可将if 省略，把were，had，should 移到主语之前，采取部分倒装。例如：
Were I you，I would try it again. 我是你的话，就再试一次。
典型例题：
1）Not until the early years of the 19th century___ what heat is.
A. man did know
B. man knew
C. didn't man know
D. did man know
答案为D.否定词Not在句首，要求用部分倒装的句子结构。
2）Not until I began to work ___ how much time I had wasted.
A. didn't I realize
B. did I realize
C. I didn't realize
D. I realize
答案为B.
3）Do you know Tom bought a new car？
I don't know，___.
A. nor don't I care
B. nor do I care
C. I don't care neither
D. I don't care also
答案为B. 句中的nor引出部分倒装结构，表示"也不".由so，neither，nor引导的倒装句，表示前一情况的重复出现。其中，so用于肯定句，而neither，nor 用在否定句中。
动词的时态：用于现在完成时的句型
1）It is the first / second time……that…结构中的从句部分，用现在完成时。例如：It is the first time that I have visited the city. 这是我第一次访问这城市。
This is the first time （that）I've heard him sing.这是我第一次听他唱歌。
注意：It was the third time that the boy had been late.
2）This is +形容词最高级+that…结构，that 从句要用现在完成时。例如：
This is the best film that I've （ever）seen. 这是我看过的最好的电影。
典型例题
（1）——Do you know our town at all？
——No，this is the first time I ___ here.
A. was
B. have been
C. came
D. am coming
答案B. This is the first time 后面所加从句应为现在完成时，故选B.
（2）——Have you ____ been to our town before？
——No，it's the first time I ___ here.
A. even，come
B. even，have come
C. ever，come
D. ever，have come
答案D. ever意为曾经或无论何时，反意词为never，此两词常用于完成时。
注意：非延续性动词的否定形式可以与表示延续时间的状语连用。即动作不发生的状态是可以持续的。
（错）I have received his letter for a month.
（对）I haven't received his letter for almost a month.
动词的时态：used to / be used to
used to + do："过去常常"表示过去习惯性的动作或状态，但如今已不存在。例如：Mother used not to be so forgetful.老妈过去没那么健忘。
Scarf used to take a walk. 斯卡夫过去常常散步。
be used to + doing：对……已感到习惯，或"习惯于"to是介词，后需加名词或动名词。例如：He is used to a vegetarian diet.
Scarf is used to taking a walk. 斯卡夫现在已习惯于散步了。
典型例题
---- Your phone number again? I ___ quite catch it.
---- It's 69568442.
A. didn't
B. couldn't
C. don't
D. can't
答案A. 本句虽没有明确的时间状语，但从语意上看出，在听的时候没有听懂这个动作发生在过去，因此应用过去时。
动词的语态：动词的语态分类介绍
语态有两种：主动语态和被动语态。主语是动作的发出者时为主动语态；主语是动作的接受者时为被动语态。
注意：1）感官动词主动语态的宾语补足语是不带to 的不定式，变为被动语态时，该不定式前要加"to".例如：
The teacher made me go out of the classroom. 老师逼我走出教室。
——> I was made to go out of the classroom （by the teacher）。
We saw him play football on the playground. 我们看见他在草场踢球。
——> He was seen to play football on the playground.
2）情态动词+ be +过去分词，构成被动语态。例如：
Coal can be used to produce electricity for agriculture and industry. 煤可以产生工农业需要的电。
动词的语态：表示据说或相信的词组
基本上由believe，consider，declare，expect，feel ，report，say，see，suppose，think，understand等组成。例如：
It is said that…据说
It is reported that…据报道
It is believed that…大家相信
It is hoped that…大家希望
It is well known that…众所周知
It is thought that…大家认为
It is suggested that…据建议
It is taken granted that…被视为当然
It has been decided that…大家决定
It must be remember that…务必记住的是
动词的语态：不用被动语态的情况
1）不及物动词或不及物动词短语，如appear，die disappear，end（vi. 结束），fail，happen，last，lie，remain，sit，spread，stand，break out，come true，fall asleep，keep silence，lose heart，take place等没有无被动语态。例如：
After the fire，very little remained of my house. 大火过后，我家烧得所剩无几。
比较：rise，fall，happen是不及物动词；raise，seat是及物动词。
（错）The price has been risen.
（对）The price has risen.
（错）The accident was happened last week.
（对）The accident happened last week.
（错）The price has raised.
（对）The price has been raised.
（错）Please seat.
（对）Please be seated.
要想正确地使用被动语态，就须注意哪些动词是及物的，哪些是不及物的。特别是一词多义的动词往往有两种用法。解决这一问题唯有在学习过程中多留意积累。
2）不能用于被动语态的及物动词或动词短语，如fit，have，hold，marry，own，wish，cost，notice，watch agree with，arrive at / in，shake hands with，succeed in，suffer from，happen to，take part in，walk into，belong to等。例如：
This key just fits the lock. 这把钥匙只配这把锁。
Your story agrees with what had already been heard. 你说的与我们听说的一致。
3）系动词无被动语态，如appear，be become，fall，feel，get，grow，keep，look，remain，seem，smell，sound，stay，taste，turn等。例如：It sounds good. 听上去不错。
4）带同源宾语的及物动词如die/death，dream/dream，live/life等，以及反身代词，相互代词，不能用于被动语态。例如：
She dreamed a bad dream last night. 她昨晚做了个恶梦。
5）当宾语是不定式时，很少用于被动语态。例如：
（对）She likes to swim.
（错）To swim is liked by her.
动词的语态：被动形式表示主动意义
如be determined，be pleased，be graduated （from），be prepared （for），be occupied （in），get married等。例如：
He is graduated from a famous university. 他毕业于一所有名的大学。
注意：表示同某人结婚，用marry sb. 或get married to sb.均可。例如：
He married a rich girl. 他与一个富妞结婚了。
He got married to a rich girl.
动词的语态：主动形式表示被动意义
1）wash，clean，cook，iron，look，cut，sell，read，wear，feel，draw，write，sell等。例如：
The book sells well.这本书销路好。
This knife cuts easily.这刀子很好用。
2）blame，let（出租），remain，keep，rent，build等。例如：
I was to blame for the accident. 事故发生了，我该受指责。
Much work remains. 还有许多活要干。
3）在need，require，want，worth （形容词），deserve后的动名词必须用主动形式。例如：The door needs repairing.= The door needs to be repaired. 门该修了。
This book is worth reading.这本书值得一读。
4）特殊结构：make sb. heard / understood （使别人能听见/理解自己）等。例如：
Explain it clearly and make yourself understood. 解释清楚些，让别人理解你的话。
句子的种类：强调句结构
常用的强调句结构是it 引导的句子，结构为It is（was）+ 被强调部分+ that （who）+ 句子的其余部分。此结构强调的成分限于主语，宾语和状语。例如：
It is from the sun that we get light and heat. 我们是从太阳那儿获取光和热。
It was not until I had read your letter that I understood the true state of affairs.
直到读了你的信，我才知道实际情形。
典型例题
1）It was last night ___ I see the comet.
A.the time
B.when
C.that
D.which
答案C. 强调句的结构是：It +be +强调部分+ that （who））+ 主谓句。强调句的连词只有两个，that和who.当强调的部分是人，且为句子的主语时，才用"who"，其余用that.再如：原句：My father did the experiment in the lab yesterday evening.
强调主语：It was my father who did the experiment in the lab yesterday evening.
强调宾语：It was the experiment that my father did in the lab yesterday evening.
强调时间：It was yesterday evening that my father did the experiment in the lab.
（注意不用when）
强调地点：It was in the lab that my father did the experiment yesterday evening.
2）It is ten years ___ Miss Green returned to Canada.
A. that
B. when
C. since
D. as
答案C. 考点是连词用法。本题易误选为A. that. 其实本句不是强调句。若是，去掉It be…that还应是一个完整的句子。而本句去掉'It is…that'，只剩下ten years Miss Green returned to Canada. 不成句。因此本句不是强调句。
句子的种类：用助动词进行强调
句子的强调句还可以用助动词do （did，does）强调谓语。例如：
She does like this horse.她的确喜欢这匹马。
Please do take care of yourself. 千万保重。
大学英语3级考试真题
大学英语 3 级考试真题 一、听力测试(本大题满分25 分，每小题 1 分 ) 做题时，先将答案划在试卷上。录音内容结束后再将试卷上的答案转涂到答题卡上。 第一节 听下面的 8 段短对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从每小题 A 、B 、 C 三个选项中选出一个最佳答案。 听每段对话只读一遍。 1.What color skirt does Linda like？ A. Red. B. Green. C. Blue. 2. How is the weather now? A. Sunny. B. Cloudy. C. Rainy. 3. How did they spend their weekend? A. They had a school trip. B. They cleaned up the street. C. They studied for a test. 4. Where will Peter go on vacation? A. To Canada. B. To Australia. C. To Japan. 5. What does Mike’ s father want him to be? A. A soldier. B. A pilot. C. A doctor. 6. Who will repair the bicycle? A. Bill's brother. B. Mrs. Brown's brother. C. Bill. 7. How much is the jacket now? A. 60 dollars. B. 90 dollars. C. 120 dollars. 8. What do we know about Jenny from the conversation? A. She is worried about a coming test. B. She is working hard at physics. C. She didn't pass the recent test. 第二节 下面你将听到 5 段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从每小题A、B、C 三个选项中，选出一个与你听到的对话或独白内容相符的问题的答案。对话或独白读两遍。 听第一段材料回答 9 至 11 小题。 9. How many people will sit at the table? Xk b https://www.sodocs.net/doc/e34289855.html, A. Two. B. Three. C. Four. 10. What is the restaurant famous for? A. Noodles. B. Chicken soup. C. Dumplings. 11. What would they like to drink? A. Fish soup. B. Beer and coke. C. Milk. 听第二段材料回答第12 至 14 小题。 12. Have the speaker ever seen each other? A. Yes, they have. B. No, they haven't. C. We don't know. 13. How often does Lucy play tennis? A. Twice a week. B. Every morning. C. Never. 14. When may they meet again? A. Next morning. B. Next weekend. C. Next weekday. 听第三段材料回答第15 至 17 小题。 15. What's the relationship ( 关系 ) between the two speakers? A. Friends. B. Teacher and student. C. Father and daughter
大学英语三级语法大全-II
大学英语三级语法大全 II 倒装：倒装句之全部倒装 全部倒装是只将句子中的谓语动词全部置于主语之前。此结构通常只用于一般现在时和一般过去时。常见的结构有： 1） here， there， now， then， thus等副词置于句首，谓语动词常用be， come，go， lie， run等表示来去或状态的动词。例如： Then came the chairman. 那时总裁来了。 Here is your letter. 你的信。 2）表示运动方向的副词或地点状语置于句首，谓语表示运动的动词。例如： Out rushed a missile from under the bomber. 轰炸机肚底下窜出一枚导弹。 Ahead sat an old woman. 前面坐着一个老妪。 注意：上述全部倒装的句型结构的主语必须是名词，如果主语是人称代词则不能完全倒装。例如： Here he comes. 他来了。 Away they went. 他们走开了。 倒装：以否定词开头作部分倒装 否定词如 Not only…but also， Hardly/Scarcely…when， No sooner… than等放在句首，后面要用倒装。例如： Not only did he refuse the gift， he also severely criticized the sender. 他没有收下礼物，还狠狠批评了送礼的人。 Hardly had she gone out when a student came to visit her. 她刚出门，就有个学生来访。 No sooner had she gone out than a student came to visit her. 她刚出门，就有个学生来访。 典型例题 No sooner___ than it began to rain heavily. A. the game began B. has the game begun C. did the game begin D. had the game begun 答案 D. 以具有否定意义的副词放在句首时，一般采用倒装句（谓语前置）。这类表示否定意义的词有never， seldom， scarcely， little， few， not， hardly，以及not only…but （also）， no sooner…than， hardly… when scarcely… when 等等。 注意：只有当Not only… but also连接两个分句时，才在第一个分句用倒装结构。如果置于句首的Not only… but also仅连接两个并列词语，不可用倒装结构，如Not only you but also I am fond of music. 倒装：倒装句之部分倒装
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