考研英语(二)考试大纲

全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语(二)考试大纲

(非英语专业)(2014年版)

I。考试性质

英语(二)考试是为高等学校和科研院所招收专业学位硕士研究生而设置的具有选拔性质的全国统一入学考试科目。其目的是科学、公平、有效地测试考生对英语语言的运用能力，评价的标准是高等学校非英语专业本科毕业生所能达到的及格或及格以上水平，以保证被录取者具有一定的英语水平，并有利于各高等学校和科研院所在专业上择优选拔。

II. 考试形式和试卷结构

(一)考试形式

考试形式为笔试。考试时间为180分钟。满分为100分。

试卷包括试题册和答题卡。答题卡分为答题卡1和答题卡2。考生应将英语知识运用和阅读理解部分的答案按要求填涂在答题卡1上，将英译汉和写作部分的答案按要求写在答题卡2上。

(二)试卷结构

试题分四部分，共48题，包括英语知识运用、阅读理解、英译汉和写作。

第一部分英语知识运用

主要考查考生对英语知识点的综合运用能力。共20小题，每小题0.5分，共10分。

在一篇约350词的文章中留出20个空白，要求考生从每题给出的4个选项中选出最佳答案，使补全后的文章意思通顺、前后连贯、结构完整。考生在答题卡1上作答。

第二部分阅读理解

主要考查考生获取信息、理解文章、猜测重要生词词义并进行推断等方面的能力。该部分由A、B两节组成，共25小题，每小题2分，共50分。

A节(20小题)

本部分为多项选择题。共四篇文章，总长度为1 500词左右。要求考生阅读文章并回答每篇文章后面的问题。考生需要在每小题所提供的选项(A、B、C、D)中选出唯一正确或是最合适的答案。

每篇文章设5题，共20题。每小题2分，共40分。考生在答题卡1上作答。

B节(5小题)

本部分有两种备选题型。每次考试从这两种题型中选择其中的一种形式，或者两种形式的组合进行考查。本节文章设5小题，每小题2分，共10分。

考生在答题卡1上作答。

备选题型包括：

1)多项对应

本部分为一篇长度为450~550词的文章，试题内容分为左右两栏，左侧一栏为5道题目，右侧一栏为7个选项。要求考生在阅读后根据文章内容和左侧一栏中提供的信息从右侧一栏中的7个选项中选出对应的5项相关信息。

2)小标题对应

在一篇长度为450~550词的文章前有7个概括句或小标题。这些文字或标题分别是对文章中某一部分的概括或阐述。要求考生根据文章内容和篇章结构从这7个选项中选出最恰当的5个概括句或小标题填入文章空白处。

第三部分英译汉

考查考生理解所给英语语言材料并将其译成汉语的能力。要求译文准确、完整、通顺。

要求考生阅读、理解长度为150词左右的一个或几个英语段落，并将其全部译成汉语。考生在答题卡2上作答。共15分。

第四部分写作

该部分由A、B两节组成，主要考查考生的书面表达能力。共2题，25分。

A节

考生根据所给情景写出约100词(标点符号不计算在内)的应用性短文，包括私人和公务信函、备忘录、报告等。

考生在答题卡2上作答。共10分。

B节

要求考生根据所规定的情景或给出的提纲，写出一篇150词以上的英语说明文或议论文。提供情景的形式为图画、图表或文字。考生在答题卡2上作答。共15分。

全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语(二)试卷结构表

部分节为考生提供

的信息指导语

语言

测试要点题型题目数量计分答题卡

种类

I英语知识运用(10分) 1篇文章(约

350词)

英语

英语知识综合

运用能力

完形填空多

项选择(四选

一)

20 10

答题卡

1(机器

阅卷)

II

阅读理解(50

分) A

4篇文章(共

约1500词)

英语

理解重要信

息，掌握文章

大意，猜测生

词词义并进行

推断等

多项选择(四

选一)

20 40 B

1篇文章

(450-500词)

英语

推理、判断、

概括能力

选择搭配 5 10

III

英译汉(15分) C

一个或几个

段落(150词)

英语

理解和表达的

准确、完整、

通顺

英译汉 1 15

答题卡

2(人工

阅卷、机

器登分)

IV

写作(25分) A

规定情景英语

书面表达、

归纳、概括、

表述

应用文(约

100词)

1 10

B 规定情景或

提纲

英语书面表达

短文写作

(150词左右)

1 15

总计45＋3 100 III. 考查内容

考生应掌握下列语言知识和技能：

(一)语言知识

1. 语法知识

考生应能熟练地运用基本的语法知识，其中包括：

(1)名词、代词的数和格的构成及其用法；

(2)动词时态、语态的构成及其用法；

(3)形容词与副词的比较级和最高级的构成及其用法；

(4)常用连接词的词义及其用法；

(5)非谓语动词(不定式、动名词、分词)的构成及其用法；

(6)虚拟语气的构成及其用法；

(7)各类从句(定语从句、主语从句、表语从句等)及强调句型的结构及其用法；

(8)倒装句、插入语的结构及其用法。

2. 词汇

考生应能较熟练地掌握5 500个左右常用英语词汇以及相关常用词组(详见附录相关部分)。考生应能根据具体语境、句子结构或上下文理解一些非常用词的词义。

(二)语言技能*

1. 阅读

考生应能读懂不同题材和体裁的文字材料。题材包括经济、管理、社会、文化、科普等，体裁包括说明文、议论文和记叙文等。

根据阅读材料，考生应能：

(1)理解主旨要义；

(2)理解文中的具体信息；

(3)理解语篇的结构和上下文的逻辑关系；

(4)根据上下文推断重要生词或词组的含义；

(5)进行一定的判断和推理；

(6)理解作者的意图、观点或态度。

2. 写作

考生应能根据所给的提纲、情景或要求完成相应的短文写作。短文应中心思想明确、切中题意、结构清晰、条理清楚、用词恰当、无明显语言错误。

十月份不管是对于英语一还是英语二的同学来说，都是复习最重要的题型阅读理解的最后阶段。在此给英语二的同学们复习提几点建议：

2014考研英语二阅读复习切记区别英语一

一、英语二同学的重心应该转向研读英语二的真题，逐篇进行超精读解析。在教学的一线我们发现很多英语二的同学现在还在每天花接近2个小时重点研究英语一08-13的真题，英语二的题才刚刚开始做第一遍。这是需要我们忌讳的，请英语二的同学把重心转向英二的真题，毕竟两者还是有很大的差别。先重点研读10,11年的英语二真题，再研究07-09年MBA[微博]的考题，其次还有复习时间的同学再去看08-13年英语一当中出现的单词和短语。07,08,09三年MBA 加上10,11年英语二的真题阅读理解一共是20篇，一天一篇整理分析。在分析的过程中，每篇读三遍，然后进行笔头翻译，首先推荐全篇翻译，如果大家复习时间较为紧张，则可选择你认为比较复杂的句子进行翻译。最后进行同义替换的整理工作。

二、由于英语二试卷较少，英语二考生可以继续做英语一的试卷，但是要注意一点，就是英语一的例证题，英语二不考，所以不要花时间去研究这个题型。但是和例证题很相似的一个题型即写作目的题还是要考的。此类题一般在第一题位置，多考察第一段。提问方式多为The author uses the example/story of .... to __。或者为...is mentioned to____。此类题是直接找到这个例子的所在，划出例子的结尾。下一句话就是答案。举个例子：

[2003 Text 1]42. Donovan's story is mentioned in the text to

[A] introduce the topic of online spying。

[B] show how he fought for the U.S。

[C] give an episode of the information war。

[D] honor his unique services to the CIA。

答案就是找到Donovan故事的结尾，下一句话就是答案。Wild Bill Donovan would have loved the Internet. The American spymaster who built the Office of Strategic Services in the World War II and later laid the roots for the CIA was fascinated with information. Donovan believed in using whatever tools came to hand in the “great game” of espionage -- spying as a “profession。” These days the Net, which has already re-made such everyday pastimes as buying books and sending mail, is reshaping Donovan’s vocation as well。

例子的结尾就是Donovan believed in using whatever tools came to hand in the “great game” of espionage -- spying as a “profession。”。下一句就是These days the Net, which has already re-made such everyday pastimes as buying books and sending mail, is reshaping Donovan’s vocation as well。也就是说the Net,is reshaping Donovan’s vocation as well。互联网在重新改造给其行业。与其最接近的选项就是A，为了引入在线间谍的话题。

最后，整理好笔记，词汇短语和解题思路即选项和原文的定位点是如何同义替换的。

2014考研英语应用文写作方法全面指导

对于考研[微博]英语的应用文写作来说，考察同学们的重点在于信息点的覆盖、语言的准确性、文章组织的连贯性上，因此同学们在表达意思中要注意思路清晰，运用恰当的语句。接下来，我们就针对考研英语应用文写作方法为同学们做全面指导，供参考。

在应用文写作这一节，侧重考查公务信函，虽然大纲已经强调对信函的格式不会过于苛求。但英文书信的称呼、落款的位置和方式都与汉语不同，同学们生应能掌握基本的书信格式，这是写好英文书信的前提。同时要注意语域，所谓语域，就是根据交际的对象、身份、场合、内容及心理的不同而采取的不同话语方式，一般有正式、一般和非正式三种。同学们应根据题目的不同要求选择语域。一般情况下，给私人朋友写信可以用非正式的语域，而公务信函则应该是正式的。

一、内容要简明扼要

研究生写作要求写100字左右的应用文。同学们应该在题目给定的情景下，用最简明的语言来传达信息。同学们应将所有规定的内容都包含在自己的作文中。另外，在写作时一定要层次分明、用词贴切，结构紧凑。即要言之有物，简明扼要。大家在写作前一定要认真审题，确保作文切和题意。有的同学草草地看一遍题目觉得没有问题，马上就开始写作，结果写到一半突然发现有所困惑，仔细一看写作内容与题目要求有出入，想要重新再写时间已经不允许，接着写下去后果可想而知。

二、格式多变需警惕

小作文满分为10分，因为其比较套路化，所以比大作文更加容易得分。但是，得高分的前提是要在格式、语言和要点等方面下功夫。小作文的格式多变，大家要引起重视，单纯因为格式的问题而拿不到高分，这对任何同学来说都是非常可惜的。例如称呼方面，英语应用文称呼有这样的特点，如果是不认识的人，一般称呼为敬词加尊称，像是Dear Sir or Madam，如果是写给关系正式的某团体或个人，称呼就要变为敬词加尊称加名，像是Dear Mr. xx 或Dear Ms. Xx，另外对于关系较亲密的人可以直呼其名。正文格式一般是首段开头空四个字母，段落之间不空行，但是现在流行的格式是每段开头不空格，但是各段之间空一行。所以在格式方面大家可以根据自己的习惯进行选择，只要让阅卷人看得舒服，且完全符合应用文要求的文体就没有问题。

2019考研英语一真题翻译参考答案及解析

2019考研英语一真题翻译参考答案及解析 考研历年真题一定要用好，研究好。结合大纲和真题来选择辅导用书是最明智的。本文带大家回顾2019考研英语一真题翻译参考答案及解析： Part C Directions: Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Your translation should be written neatly on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points) It was only after I started to write a weekly column about the medical journals, and began to read scientific papers from beginning to end, that I realised just how bad much of the medical literature frequently was. I came to recognise various signs of a bad paper: the kind of paper that purports to show that people who eat more than one kilo of broccoli a week were 1.17 times more likely than those who eat less to suffer late in life from pernicious anaemia. (46) There is a great deal of this kind of nonsense in the medical journals which, when taken up by broadcasters and the lay press, generates both health scares and short-lived dietary enthusiasms. Why is so much bad science published? A recent paper, titled “The Natural Selection of Bad Science”, published on the Royal Society’s open science website, attempts to answer this intriguing and important question. It says that the problem is not merely that people do bad science, but that our current system of career advancement positively encourages it. What is important is not truth, but publication, which has become almost an end in itself. There has been a kind of inflationary process at work: (47) nowadays anyone applying for a research post has to have published twice the number of papers that would have been required for the same post only 10 years ago. Never mind the quality, then, count the number. (48) Attempts have been made to curb this tendency, for example, by trying to incorporate some measure of quality as well as quantity int o the assessment of an applicant’s papers. This is the famed citation index, that is to say the number of times a paper has been quoted elsewhere in the scientific literature, the assumption being that an important paper will be cited more often than one of small account. (49) This would be reasonable if it were not for the fact that scientists can easily arrange to cite themselves in their future publications, or get associates to do so for them in return for similar favours. Boiling down an individual’s o utput to simple metrics, such as number of publications or journal impacts, entails considerable savings in time, energy and ambiguity. Unfortunately, the long-term costs of using simple quantitative metrics to assess researcher merit are likely to be quite great. (50) If we are serious about ensuring that our science is both meaningful and reproducible, we must ensure that our institutions encourage that kind of science. 46-50参考答案及解析：

2019年考研英语(二)真题及答案解析

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2010考研英语二真题及答案 Section I Use of English Directions: Read the following passage. For each numbered blank there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the best one and mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET l. (10 points) The outbreak of swine flu that was first detected in Mexico was declared a global epidemic on June 11, 2009. It is the first worldwide epidemic_____1_____ by the World Health Organization in 41 years. The heightened alert _____2_____an emergency meeting with flu experts in Geneva that convened after a sharp rise in cases in Australia, and rising_____3_____in Britain, Japan, Chile and elsewhere. But the epidemic is "_____4_____" in severity, according to Margaret Chan, the organization's director general, _____5_____ the overwhelming majority of patients experiencing only mild symptoms and a full recovery, often in the _____6_____ of any medical treatment. The outbreak came to global_____7_____in late April 2009, when Mexican authorities noticed an unusually large number of hospitalizations and deaths_____8_____healthy adults. As much of Mexico City shut down at the height of a panic, cases began to _____9_____in New York City, the southwestern United States and around the world. In the United States, new cases seemed to fade_____10_____warmer weather arrived. But in late September 2009, officials reported there was _____11_____flu activity in almost every state and that virtually all the_____12_____tested are the new swine flu, also known as (A) H1N1, not seasonal flu. In the U.S., it has_____13_____more than one million people, and caused more than 600 deaths and more than 6,000 hospitalizations. Federal health officials_____14_____Tamiflu for children from the national stockpile and began_____15_____orders from the states for the new swine flu vaccine. The new vaccine, which is different from the annual flu vaccine, is ____16_____ ahead of expectations. More than three million doses were to be made available in early October 2009, though most of those _____17_____doses were of the FluMist nasal spray type, which is not_____18_____for pregnant women, people over 50 or those with breathing difficulties, heart disease or several other _____19_____. But it was still possible to vaccinate people in other high-risk group: health care workers, people _____20_____infants and healthy young people. 1 [A] criticized [B] appointed [C]commented [D] designated 2 [A] proceeded [B] activated [C] followed [D] prompted 3 [A] digits [B] numbers [C] amounts [D] sums 4 [A] moderate [B] normal [C] unusual [D] extreme 5 [A] with [B] in [C] from [D] by 6 [A] progress [B] absence [C] presence [D] favor 7 [A] reality [B] phenomenon [C] concept [D] notice

2017年考研英语二真题及答案解析-修订版

2017年考研英语二 Section I Use of English Directions： Read the following text. Choose the best word (s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points) People have speculated for centuries about a future without work.Today is no different，with academics，writers，and activists once again 1 that technology is replacing human workers. Some imagine that the coming work-free world will be defined by 2 . A few wealthy people will own all the capital，and the masses will struggle in an impoverished wasteland.. A different and not mutually exclusive 3 holds that the future will be a wasteland of a different sort，one 4 by purposelessness：Without jobs to give their lives 5 ，people will simply become lazy and depressed. 6 today’s unemployed don’t seem to be having a great time. One Gallup poll found that 20 percent of Americans who have been unemployed for at least a year report having depression，double the rate for 7 Americans. Also，some research suggests that the 8 for rising rates of mortality，mental-health problems，and addicting9 poorly-educated middle-aged people is shortage of well-paid jobs. Perhaps this is why many 10 the agonizing dullness of a jobless future. But it doesn’t 11 follow from findings like these that a world without work would be filled with unease. Such visions are based on the 12 of being unemployed in a society built on the concept of employment. In the 13 of work，a society designed with other ends in mind could 14 strikingly different circumstances for the future of labor and leisure. Today，the 15 of work may be a bit overblown. “Many jobs are boring，degrading，unhealthy，and a waste of human potential，” says John Danaher，a lecturer at the National University of Ireland in Galway. These days，because leisure time is relatively 16 for most workers，people use their free time to counterbalance the intellectual and emotional 17 of their jobs. “When I come home from a hard day’s work，I often feel 18 ，” Danaher says，adding，“In a world in which I don’t have to work，I might feel rather different”—perhaps different enough to throw himself 19 a hobby or a passion project with the intensity usually reserved for 20 matters. 1. [A] boasting [B] denying [C] warning [D] ensuring 2. [A] inequality [B] instability [C] unreliability [D] uncertainty 3. [A] policy [B]guideline [C] resolution [D] prediction 4. [A] characterized [B]divided [C] balanced [D]measured 5. [A] wisdom [B] meaning [C] glory [D] freedom 6. [A] Instead [B] Indeed [C] Thus [D] Nevertheless 7. [A] rich [B] urban [C]working [D] educated 8. [A] explanation [B] requirement [C] compensation [D] substitute 9. [A] under [B] beyond [C] alongside [D] among