高考英语短文改错题型分析

短文改错题型分析

一、命题趋势

词法错误、句法错误和行文逻辑，

1.一致关系：包括主谓一致、时态一致、代词指代一致等。

2.平行结构：包括动词与动词相配，形容词与形容词相配，分词与分词相配，不定式与不定式相配等。常由并列连词或词组连接。如：and，or ，but，neither…nor…, as well as 等.

3.非谓语动词的用法：如to的省略，过去分词与现在分词的误用等。

4．多余词：常常是介词、副词等的多余。

5．词性的混用。

6．行文逻辑判断等。

解题策略

要想做好“短文改错”题，不妨试试分成“四步走”，遵循“四原则”，实施“四查法”。具体做法如下:

(一) 分成“四步走”

1. 通读全文，了解大意。注意语篇结构和行文逻辑。不能在不了解文章大意的情况下，逐字逐行地进行修改。

2. 先易后难，缩小范围。在通读全文的过程中，可以先把文中明显的错误找出来改正，然后再根据具体语境，仔细分析判断，将注意力集中在较难的句子上。

3. 把握句意，逐行判断。可依据“动词形，名词数，注意形和副；非谓动词细辨别，习惯用法要记住；句子结构多分析，逻辑错误须关注”的口诀行事。

4. 再次通读，复查验证。把大部分错误改正之后，如果还有拿不准的地方，就应再次通读全文，并利用语感来做最后的判断。

(二) 遵循“四原则”

1. 改动处以最少为原则。“短文改错”题要求每行只能改动一处，改动的方法可以是增词、删词或换词，但无论作何种改动，只能是增加一词、减少一词或把一个词改成另一个词。当然，没有错误的行无需改动。也就是说，每行改动之处不能超过一个。

2. 实词以改变词形为原则。在“短文改错”题中，一般只是改变实词的形式，而不能改变实词的词义，也不能将其改换成另一个实词，更不能随便增删。例如:

①The air keeps the balloon up was escaping quickly and the balloon ... (把keeps改为keeping)

②Yes, it is clearly that your life in your country is quite different from ... (把clearly改为clear)

3. 虚词以添加或删除为原则。历年的“短文改错”题中需要添加或删除的地方差不多有2至3处。这些需要添、删的词一般都是虚词(如冠词、介词等)，不是实词(如动词、名词等)，否则会改变句子的原意。例如:

①They did not want breakfast because that they were going out early ... (删去that)

②He was looking for a glass the cupboard. (the前面加in)

4. 以保持句子原意不变为原则。做“短文改错”题时，一般不应改变句子原意。改错时，应该针对短文中的用词错误、语法错误、逻辑错误加以改正，不应更改作者的原意。做到换词不改意，加词不增意，去词不减意。如有多种改法，应以保持原意为条件，择其佳者而从之。例如：

But I have spent most my money, so I cannot…改正：在my前加of。也有同学去掉most，这种改法虽改正了语法错误，但改变了原意。作者想说的是“花掉了大部分的钱，而不是全部”。

(三) 实施“四查法”

1. 左顾右盼查名词。考生应注意搜寻名词之前及其本身出现的错误，还要看该名词前面是否缺限定词、该用何种限定词，尤其要查名词前冠词的使用情况。当名词前面有形容词修饰时更要加倍注意。例如: Your knowledges of Greece can help the whole class. (把knowledges改为knowledge)

2. “语(态)”、“时(态)”俱进查动词。考生应认真分析动词时态、语态的使用是否正确，尤其要根据上下文所提供的时间信息，仔细推敲，从而选用正确的动词时态形式。例如:

I gained so much confidence that I go back to school ... (把go改为went)

3. 启承转合查连词。若要使文章结构严谨，应在文中使用各种启承转合的连词。这些连词能使文章在结构上和意义上通顺流畅。例如:

It started to rise higher again. So it was still too close to the water. (把So改为But)

4. 文通理顺查逻辑。“文通”指行文合乎英文词法、句法；“理顺”指行文逻辑符合人们普遍认可的道理。例如: The air keeping the balloon up was escaping quickly and the balloon was coming up. (把第二个up改为down)

总之，要想做好“短文改错”题，除了掌握上面讲的原则、做法、步骤之外，平时还要加强语言基础知识的学习，多做有针对性的训练。

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2008高考英语复习短文改错的题型及要求 短文改错是单句改错，单项填空，阅读理解和书面表达的综合，是全面考察学生的英语基础知识和灵活运用语言能力的测试题型。比较其它题型来说，增大测试难度，对学生提出了更高的要求，对于考生的基本功是一个严峻的考验，对于中学的英语教学的基本功训练也是一个有力的挑战。短文改错共10小题，10行左边标有题号。要求考生判断是否有错，如有错误则将其改正。错误的类型包括词法，句法，语篇结构，行文逻辑等。因此要求考生不仅要掌握词汇，语法方面的良好的语言基础知识，还要具有在词义，词性，词型，句型，用法结构方面一定的语言综合能力。短文改错题是难度最大的一个考题，因为这种考题要求考生判断和改正错误，而这种错误又是一般人在学习英语中最容易犯的错误，并且很难觉察。在学习中模棱两可，似是而非，一知半解的状况普遍存在。所以，在学习和复习英语时，要注意养成良好的学习习惯。 短文改错的特点 1。没有现成的答案可供选择，判断的依据只有短文本身。这就意味着，题目本身在内容上应该是完整的。既然内容完整正确，那么其中的错误一般只会涉及语言形式。 2。是否有错，错在那里，范围很大。这就要求考生对英语句子各个层次的结构和词语的拼写形式了如指掌。 3。错误一般只涉及一个词，多一词，少一词，或错一词。 短文改错的解题思路 做短文改错题的思路，即从那里来寻找错误，可归纳为以下几个方面： 1。主谓是否一致。 2。代词的指代是否明确恰当。 3。动词的时态是否正确，语态是否得当。 4。句型和固定搭配是否准确无误。 5。同义词，近义词，易混词是否用得确切。 6。语序是否正确。 7。句与句，段与段的承接词用得是否正确。 短文改错的解题方法

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