浅谈中西文化差异 毕业论文

浅谈中西文化差异

目录

目录 (1)

摘要 (2)

一、造成中西文化差异原因 (2)

1. 地域环境的差异 (2)

2. 历史传统的差异 (2)

3. 风俗习惯的差异 (3)

4. 宗教信仰方面的差异 (4)

5. 思维方式的差异 (4)

6. 非语言交际的差异 (5)

二、英汉文化融合意识培养的重要性及方法 (6)

1. 熟悉中西文化的差异 (6)

2.理解英语文化背景有助于阅读 (6)

3.了解西方文化背景知识 (7)

三、结语 (7)

参考文献 (7)

摘要:本论文主要研究在语言交际中英汉语言呈现出的诸多文化差异。本文试图从地域环境、历史传统、风俗习惯、宗教信仰、思维方式及非语言交际等角度,探讨中西方文化的差异及英汉两种语言的异同。研究表明:语言与文化相互渗透、彼此交融。文化的差异体现在具体的言语行为中。

关键词:文化差异;跨文化交际;非语言交际

文化是一种社会现象,概念非常广泛,它可以是指一个国家和民族在社会历史发展过程中所创造的物质和精神文明的总和。早在20世纪20年代,美国语言学家Sapir在Language: An Introduction to the Study of Speech一书中就指出:“语言有一个环境,它不能脱离文化而存在,不能脱离社会继承下来的传统和信念”。语言和文化相互依存、相互影响的关系在不同文化背景的人们进行交际时表现的较为明显,要真正掌握一种语言就必须了解这种语言的特定社会背景,了解中西文化内涵的差异及其成因对于学习语言有着重要意义。

一、造成中西方文化差异的原因:

1、地域环境的差异

地域文化指的是由所处地域、自然条件和地理环境所形成的文化,表现在不同民族对同一种现象或事物采用不同的语言表达形式。由于地理位置和环境的差异性,导致中西文化的差异。封闭的大陆型地理环境使中国人的思维局限在本土之内，善于总结前人的经验教训，喜欢“以史为镜”，而空间意识较弱。这种内向型思维导致了中国人求稳好静的性格，对新鲜事物缺乏好奇，对未知事物缺乏兴趣。

而西方国家大多数则处于开放的海洋型地理环境，工商业、航海业发达，自古希腊时期就有注重研究自然客体，探索自然奥秘的传统。同时，海洋环境的山风海啸、动荡不安，也构成了西方民族注重空间拓展和武力征服的个性。

2、历史传统的差异

由于各个民族和国家的历史发展进程不同,因而在其漫长的历史长河中所形成的历史传统也不尽相同。中国传统文化是以儒家的思想为主导,在两千多年的封建社会历史的过程中,儒家思想对中国社会产生了极其深刻而久远的影响。其基本特点是以儒家的“中庸之道”作为行为的基本准则,以现世性的人伦关系为核心,体现出群体性的文化特征,通过协调性的伦理意识来实现文化和社会的自我

肯定;“中庸和谐”是中国传统文化所崇尚的观念,主张对已要“克己复礼,不喜形于色”,处世则“不偏不倚、公正和谐”。在一些俗语和民谚中反映了这一民族观念,如“吃亏是福、与人为善”、“出头的椽子先烂”、“己所不欲,勿施于人”、“天时不如地利,地利不如人和”等。西方传统文化是以“天人相分”思想为核心,崇尚个人为中心,宣扬个人主义至上,竭力发展自我表现自我。崇尚独立自主自强自立。举例说明,“individualism”在英语中使用频率很高,常被译成汉语“个人主义”和“利己主义”,这就使人们产生曲解,误认其为贬义词,事实上,在西方individualism是个褒义词,可译为“个体主义”或“个性主义”,而“利己主义”、“自私自利”英文用selfish一词。

中国人的传统观念历来崇尚尊老敬老,“某老”在中文里表达尊敬的概念,如“李老”、“张老”、“老先生”、“老爷爷”、“老领导”等。西方国家是不能用“old”称呼老人的,英美人不喜欢别人说自己老。在西方,如果见到一位老太太在过马路,千万不要过去扶住她说“You are so old, Let me help you.”(您年龄大,我扶您过去)。在他们看来,“old”是“不中用”、“社会负担”的代名词,意味着“风烛残年”、“来日不多”。和old相比,他们更愿意被委婉地称作是senior citizens(年长的公民)。再如:汉语中的“凤凰涅槃”、“生死轮回”、“八卦”、“阴阳”、“东施效颦”等,对不了解中国历史文化的西方人来说必然是一头雾水。

3、风俗习惯的差异

习俗文化指的是贯穿于日常社会生活和交际活动中由民族的风俗、习惯形成的文化。英汉习俗差异是多方面的,不同的民族在招呼、称谓、道谢、恭维、致歉、打电话等方面表现出不同的民族文化和习俗。比如打招呼,中国人见到熟人习惯说“下班啦?”“您到哪儿去?”“干什么去?”等,而在西方文化里,这不属于问候语,而是真实的问题,他们会觉得:问我“吃饭了吗”是什么意思?你要请我吃饭呀?我到哪儿去,去干什么跟你有什么关系。

比如中国人招待客人时,即使美味佳肴摆满一桌,自己也要一再地说:“没什么菜,吃顿便饭。薄酒一杯,不成敬意。”主人有时会用筷子往客人的碗里夹菜,用各种办法劝客人多吃菜、多喝酒。西方人会对此大惑不解:明明这么多菜,却说没什么菜,这不是实事求是的行为。而他们请客吃饭,菜肴特别简单,经常以数量不多的蔬菜为可口的上等菜,席间劝客仅仅说:“Help yourself.”吃饭的时候,绝不会硬往你

碗里夹菜。

中国式礼貌最大的特点“卑己尊人”,把这看作与人交际一种美德,这是一种中国特色的礼貌现象。在别人赞扬我们时,我们往往会自贬一番,以表谦虚有礼。西方国家却没有这样的文化习惯,当他们受到赞扬时,总会很高兴地说一声“Thank you”表示接受。由于中西文化差异,我们认为西方人过于自信,毫不谦虚;而当西方人听到中国人这样否定别人对自己的赞扬或者听到他们自己否定自己的成就,甚至把自己贬得一文不值时,会感到非常惊讶,认为中国人不诚实。

4、宗教信仰方面的差异

隋唐之前,儒道两教在中国居统治地位,汉语中涉及宗教的词语多与此相关,如“太极”、“道”等,其精神也可见于日常语言当中,如“尊天命”、“行孝道”、“听天由命”等。隋唐时期,佛教传入,大量佛教词语随之而来,其轮回报应的思想被儒道思想所接受并被消化。魏晋南北朝时期,佛教在中国盛极一时,随着佛教进入中国文化的主体,汉语中出现了很多与跟佛教有关的词语,如:“阿弥陀佛”、“一尘不染”、“天花乱坠”、“借花献佛”、“闲时不烧香,临时抱佛脚”等。

从全球范围而言,对英语产生重大影响的宗教莫过于基督教了,其教徒众多,区域广阔。该教自597年传入英国后,在随后相当长的时间里,大量与此相关的词语陆续汇入英语行列。如angel, monk, creature, deluge, religion, dean等。现代英英语的许多习语和格言出自基督教的《圣经》,比如:The spirit is willing, but the flesh is weak. (心有余而力不足)、a fly in the ointment(美中不足)。又如一些英语中用以表达感情色彩的口语:Good helps those who help themselves. Lord blesses me (my soul)! By God! Go to hell等等。这些简约生动的习语在英美国家广泛流传,影响深远。

5、思维方式的差异

思维方式是语言生成和发展的深层机制,思维方式表现于语言形式之中。思维方式的差异是造成文化差异的一个主要原因,它也是造成语言差异的一个重要原因。中国文化由于主张“天人合一”、“天人合德”,故生存意识异常发达,形象思维非常突出,注重直观感觉和诗化想象;西方文化由于倡导“天人相”分、“人定胜天”,科技意识发达,抽象思维突出,注重逻辑推论和实证研究。由于中西思维方式有着本质的区别,使得汉英语言在造字、句法特征、话语组织、语篇结构等方面

必然呈现出不同的表现形式。汉语重意合,英语重形合,汉民族重悟性和辩证思维,西方人重理性和逻辑思维。汉语叙述和说明事物时,习惯于从大到小,由表及里,从一般到特殊,从整体到个体;英语则相反。这一差异大量地反映在汉英句子的词序中。如在时间、地点、姓名、称谓、组织系统、位置、人物介绍等排列顺序中,汉语都是从大到小,英语则都是从小到大。还有两个以上的定语修饰名词时,汉英排列顺序相反,如:Shanghai is one of the biggest cities in the world.另外,汉语的词或概念的意义往往是模糊的, 闪烁不定的, 必须靠上下文语境来确定其所指,而不是靠理性的把握。例如:“你吃饭了没有?”“饭”可以指“早饭、中饭、晚饭”,但人们往往无须指明, 因为从说话时间就可推知“饭”的具体所指。而翻译成英语,则须将“早饭、中饭、晚饭”分别译成breakfast,lunch,supper.

6、非语言交际的差异

非语言交际指语言、文字以外的传递信息的方式,包括手语、体语、面部表情、空间利用、声音暗示、穿着打扮和其他装饰等。据实验结果估计,交际中非语言信息约占65%,而且当两者发生冲突的时候,人们往往更倾向于相信非语言传递的信息。比如手势在各国有不同的表达意义,不同的文化背景赋予了手势不同的交际功能。中国人竖起拇指表示“好”,伸出小指表示“差”或“坏”;美国人将拇指朝上表示要求搭便车,将拇指朝下则表示“坏”。中国人喜欢轻拍小孩子的头部以示喜爱,而西方妇女却对这种抚爱毫不领情,认为这是一种极不尊重小孩子的做法,父母会对此非常愤怒。在英语国家,盯着对方看或看得过久都是不合适的。许多来华的外国人对此流露过不满情绪。因为有的中国人见到外国人感到好奇新鲜,老盯着人家看,使得老外很尴尬。还有这样一则笑话:有一对不会汉语的瑞士夫妇在香港一家中餐馆用餐,点了菜以后,对服务员比划让他给他们的小狗也弄点吃的,服务员自以为明白了比划的意思,把小狗带至厨房,过了一会儿端出来的是一盘红烧全狗肉。从这些例子可以看出,非语言交际对中西文化差异的影响还是很大的。

二、中西文化融合意识培养的重要性和培养方法

随着世界经济全球化的发展，越来越多的国人掀起了学习英语的热潮，在对目的语所处文化背景缺乏深入了解的状态下，是很难掌握好一门外语的。有的学习者认为只要学习好词汇、语法、语音、语调就是英语学习的全部内容。长期以

来，无论是传统语言学、结构语言学，还是转换生成语言学，都认为语言学研究的对象只是语言本身，因此传统的外语教学便陷入仅仅培养学生的纯语言能力的误区，English learners尽管会造出一些合乎语法规则、意义正确的句子，而且具备一定阅读理解能力，但无法进行有效的交际。这些原因导致了大多数English learners的语用能力明显低于语言能力。我们学习英语的目的是为了跨文化交际，所以从一开始我们就应抱着这个目的去进行英语学习。鉴于语言与文化有着如此密切的相互依存关系，在跨文化的交往中，假如我们没有对文化知识的深入了解，只局限地以自己母语文化中所形成的思维方式、行为方式，习俗观和世界观去和外国人交往，必然会形成不同文化观念在某个话题或论点方面的冲突和不快。记得看过一部电影，片名叫《刮痧》，是讲由于中国两千年、中医传统经络疗法“刮痧”不被美国认可，造成“虐待儿童”疑案，使得影片中许大同一家被迫服从法律，父子分离、夫妻分居。在中国人看来，明明是对爷爷对孙子的爱而用刮痧的手法为其治病，而美国人却认为是虐待儿童。可见中西文化差异是比较大的，培养英汉文化融合意识的重要性就突显了出来：1．熟悉中西文化的差异

了解英语国家的社会有助于提高英语交际能力。谈到中西文化差异，值得一提的是，在中国，邀请别人参加宴会或某种活动，时间由邀请方确定，被邀请者视受到邀请为一种荣幸，一般都会按时赴约。而在美国，邀请别人参加宴会或某些活动被视为占用别人的时间，需要双方协商有关的时间。因而每个国家都有自己的生活习惯、风俗传统。在美国收到别人的礼物应当面打开表示对别人的礼貌、尊重，而在中国当面打开礼物是不礼貌的行为。

2. 理解英语文化背景有助于阅读

英语的阅读能力是一种综合能力，要读懂一篇文章，除了要有一定的语言知识外，还要有一定的专业知识或文化背景知识。实践表明，在语言难度小时，阅读英语作品有困难主要是因为文化意识的缺乏。这一点许多英语学习者深有体会。因为英语作品的对文章的背景文化一般都比较熟悉，材料中词语的运用以及文章意义的表达都自然得体，符合英语的语言习惯。但是读者不一定了解这些文化背景，这就轻易出现读者熟悉每一个单词，却不能理解文章意义的情况。

3.了解西方文化背景知识

了解西方文化背景知识可以拓宽学生的知识面。了解西方文化背景知识，学生可以了解西方的价值观念、风俗习惯，感受异国风情。 三、结语

外语学习的最终目的应是培养语言应用能力,随着对交际理论的研究及其应用,越来越多的人认识到文化在语言学习中有不可低估的作用。而交际能力离不开对所学语言国家文化的了解。我们不仅要掌握语言的表面形式,还要熟悉语言深层的文化内涵。学习中西方文化差异是培养交际能力的基础,进行英汉两种语言差异性原因的比较研究,不断探索和实践,就能提高对中西文化差异的敏感性和鉴别能力,培养良好的跨文化交际能力,最终实现人类交际的目标。 参考文献:

[1] Sapir, Edward, Language: An Introduction to the Study of Speech. New York: Har court, Brace & Co., 1921

[2] 胡文仲.《文化与交际》[M],北京:外语教学与研究出版社,1994 [3] 贾玉新.《跨文化交际学》[M],上海:上海外语教育出版社,1997

[4] 张公、丁石庆.《文化语言学教程》[M],北京:教育科学出版社,2004

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中西文化差异英文

Differences between Chinese and Western culture As we know the differences between the our estern cultures and western cultures are quite obvious.I would like to state some of my opinions in this paper. I.difference in the thinking style People on the earth are homologous,but different people in different place have different performance on the way of thinking. Differences between Chinese and Western way of thinking reflected in many aspects.Such as the difference between abstract and concrete, reflected in their attitudes towards life can be understood as Westernersare more practical, and the Chinese are much more biased towards some spiritual experience. Westerners pay attention to logical thinking, but Chinese pay more attention to dialectical thinking and so on. As Chinese and western way of thinking are different, there are differences in expression of the order. For example,we can see that the names of western style are not like ours,they put their given names at the first place,while we put them after our family names,that is to say,we regard our family more important than ourselves,and it's the traditional way of estern thinking.Westerners have another way of thinking,they think that each person is important in our world and society,and a person should play a important role among our human beings. II.differences in daily communication Westerners are frank,but chinese are humility.The reflection between westerners and chinese on the treatment of praise is different.In the West, people can accept it generously. As the Chinese have long term impact of Confucian education, we treat others’ praise and recognition not often take the attitude of ourselves, or there is suspected of arrogant. When meeting acquaintances, chinese and westerners greet each other are also different. Chinese people often say "Have you eat ?" "Where are you going?"except the general asked”hello”. In western culture, this is not a greeting, but substantive issues. When British and American people meet,they usually use a polite phrase like "How are you?" or "Nice to meet you!" In addtion,when westerners accept gift from others,they are willing to open it and praise it directly,but chinese do not do like that. III.differences in customs Chinese people regard ourselves as descendants of the Dragon.Chinese have a supreme respect for the dragon, we think dragon is a symbol of our nation. In the dynasty time,Chinese emperors generally self-styled "dragon".However,in the West, the dragon was regarded as the devil, and it was killed by the legendary god of protection, so they set a day as a festival to celebrate the lifting of a disaster, and thank the protection of God.For this reason, when the students describe a person's lively, they say "He / She is full of vim and vigor." not"He / She is as lively as a dragon and tiger". Everyone has their favorite color, so does a country and a nation. Chinese like the red colour ,because chinese think red is a symbol of luck and enthusiam. But westerners perfer to the blue colour,they think blue can make themselves calm. Thus,the preferences of different colors can reflect the whole of a country’s aesthetic taste. IV. differences in eating cultrue Chinese and Western diets are very different, so the differences also have an impact on the national character. In China, a banquet, no matter what purpose, there will be only one form, that is, everyone sit around one table. People toast each other,and eat the same food in one plate,,It reflects the mutual respect between people even the traditional courteous virtue. Although from the health point of view, this dietary approach has obvious shortcomings, it is consistent with our

论中西文化差异-高一作文

论中西文化差异-高一作文 当传统国学文化与西方文化相遇，当圣诞节与春节“撞车”，随 着时代的发展进步，人们越来越趋向于欣赏西方文化。如今，“崇洋 媚外”已成为一种风尚；“抨击传统文化，赞赏西方文化“似乎是文 学家教育家津津乐道的话题；越来越多的家长希望自己的孩子出国接受国外的教育……我不得不思索，难道中华五千年源远流长的传统文化真的比不上西方文化吗？ 其实不然。中西方文化的起源不同，二者追求的信仰也不一样。我们的东方文化受到佛教、以孔子为首的儒家思想和老子的道教思想影响深远，主要追求精神的超脱，追求礼孝忠义，注重个人修养和人与自然的和谐相处。而西方文化起源于古希腊罗马文化，他们拥有平等、自由和开放的观念，追求个人权利以及对自然的探索和求证。因此，中西方文化存在明显的差异， 在文化教育方面，中西方各领风骚。传统国学文化深受儒家影响，中国的教育也注重于培养学生的个人素质，注重基础教育和因材施教。虽说应试教育不利于学生的全面发展，但是我们不能全盘否定我国的教育方式。考试是对学生在某个阶段学习效果的检验。应试教育有助于培养学生的自我思考和独立自主能力。而在西方，无论是在学校还是在家庭都很注重培养一个人的动手和实践能力。曾经有一个二年级的中国孩子，随父母去美国读小学，它的教师告诉他父母说：“我可 以告诉你，六年级以前，他们的数学不用学了！”

中西方文化教育的不同直接导致了人们性格修养不同。中国人热情好客，关心和询问别人的身体健康状况是一种有礼貌，有修养的表现。人们一般见面都喜欢相互寒暄：“你吃饭了吗？”“最近过得怎么样？”而西方人喜欢尊重他人隐私，所以才以谈论天气，生活来避免尴尬。中国人提倡默默无闻和无私奉献精神，以集体利益为重，个人利益为轻，崇尚助人为乐和不求回报。但是西方人的自我中心意识很强，他们个人荣誉感极强，把个人利益放在第一位，并且推崇个人奋斗，强调多劳多得。 传统国学文化历史悠久，源远流长。漫步在历史的长廊中，我们可以细细品味抒写美的爱情，反映现实生活的《诗经》。穿越过春秋战国时期的百家争鸣的文化盛宴，我们有唐诗宋词元曲明清小说……伟大的祖先留给我们的文化瑰宝如同满天繁星般璀璨，是每个民族都可望不可及的。传统国学文化是华夏子女的历史财富，是我国全人类的文化遗产，我们应当学会珍惜。 面对着中西方文化的差异，当外来文化“入侵”时，我们应当取之精华，采取谦虚，不卑不亢的态度。对于我们的传统文化，我们则需要总结提炼其精华，推崇提倡中华民族文化之瑰宝，才能培养更高素质的人才。

英语论文(中美文化差异)

The different food culture and education styles in China and America 王姣 （2010级法学院法学专业20101788） 摘要：正如我们知道的那样，中国和美国在文化上有很多差异。我想谈谈中国和美国在食品和大学教育的差异。随着经济的发展，越来越多的人注意食品和教育的质量。所以饮食、教育文化在我们的日常生活中也变得很流行。其实，我们有时并不了解中国和美国在文化方面的不同。比如，它们在饮食文化、教育风格上都是不同的。 关键字：中国，美国，饮食文化，教育风格，不同 Abstract: as we all know, China and American have many differences in culture. I want to talk about the differences in food culture and education styles. With the development of economic, more and more people pay attention on food and education quality. So the food and education culture has been becoming popular in our daily life. In fact, we some times don’t know the differences with China and American of the culture. For example, they have different in diet attitude, food objects, ways of eating and education styles. Key words:China, America, food culture, education styles, different 1. The different in food culture As we all know, “there are three important things when you in the outside,which are eating, wearing and living.” Y ou can see” eating”is in the first place, eating is really important in our life. And the diet is also a kind of culture. Now, I will make some explanations about the different food culture in China and America. First, we talk about the different in diet attitudes. As we can see, in China, we will eat something with sensibility. When we choose what to eat, we will care more about the color, the smell, the taste, the shape and the device. Because our nations in the past many years, the productive level is very low, and many people are always hungry, they can’t eat enough food. So if a kind of culture treats eating as the most important thing, there will appear two situations. On one hand, this function of eating will be played to maximize, not only for surviving, but also for using it to maintain health, which is the cultural basis of “if you want to keep health, you’d better choose to enjoy some delicious food rather than take medicines”. On the other hand, if pay too much attention on food, it will make people often pursuit the delicious food. While Americans maybe more rationality. When they eat something, the things they care most are the nutritious value, such as the protein, the fat, the vitamin, the minerals and the carbohydrate. But it has made some problems, for example, from Los Angeles to New Y ork, the steak is only one taste, which has no arts to speak of. As a dish, chicken is chicken, steak is steak. Nest, we will say the food objects. In America, they think the foods are used just to eat, so they often eat a large piece of meat, the whole chicken and other “hard food”. However in China, we eat something we must enjoying the taste of it. So the Chinese cooking also

高一作文：论中西文化差异作文1000字

论中西文化差异 当传统国学文化与西方文化相遇，当圣诞节与春节“撞车”，随着时代的发展进步，人们越来越趋向于欣赏西方文化。如今，“崇洋媚外”已成为一种风尚；“抨击传统文化，赞赏西方文化“似乎是文学家教育家津津乐道的话题；越来越多的家长希望自己的孩子出国接受国外的教育……我不得不思索，难道中华五千年源远流长的传统文化真的比不上西方文化吗？ 其实不然。中西方文化的起源不同，二者追求的信仰也不一样。我们的东方文化受到佛教、以孔子为首的儒家思想和老子的道教思想影响深远，主要追求精神的超脱，追求礼孝忠义，注重个人修养和人与自然的和谐相处。而西方文化起源于古希腊罗马文化，他们拥有平等、自由和开放的观念，追求个人权利以及对自然的探索和求证。因此，中西方文化存在明显的差异， 在文化教育方面，中西方各领风骚。传统国学文化深受儒家影响，中国的教育也注重于培养学生的个人素质，注重基础教育和因材施教。虽说应试教育不利于学生的全面发展，但是我们不能全盘否定我国的教育方式。考试是对学生在某个阶段学习效果的检验。应试教育有助于培养学生的自我思考和独立自主能力。而在西方，无论是在学校还是在家庭都很注重培养一个人的动手和实践能力。曾经有一个二年级的中国孩子，随父母去美国读小学，它的教师告诉他父母说：“我可以告诉你，六年级以前，他们的数学不用学了！” 中西方文化教育的不同直接导致了人们性格修养不同。中国人热

情好客，关心和询问别人的身体健康状况是一种有礼貌，有修养的表现。人们一般见面都喜欢相互寒暄：“你吃饭了吗？”“最近过得怎么样？”而西方人喜欢尊重他人隐私，所以才以谈论天气，生活来避免尴尬。中国人提倡默默无闻和无私奉献精神，以集体利益为重，个人利益为轻，崇尚助人为乐和不求回报。但是西方人的自我中心意识很强，他们个人荣誉感极强，把个人利益放在第一位，并且推崇个人奋斗，强调多劳多得。 传统国学文化历史悠久，源远流长。漫步在历史的长廊中，我们可以细细品味抒写美的爱情，反映现实生活的《诗经》。穿越过春秋战国时期的百家争鸣的文化盛宴，我们有唐诗宋词元曲明清小说……伟大的祖先留给我们的文化瑰宝如同满天繁星般璀璨，是每个民族都可望不可及的。传统国学文化是华夏子女的历史财富，是我国全人类的文化遗产，我们应当学会珍惜。 面对着中西方文化的差异，当外来文化“入侵”时，我们应当取之精华，采取谦虚，不卑不亢的态度。对于我们的传统文化，我们则需要总结提炼其精华，推崇提倡中华民族文化之瑰宝，才能培养更高素质的人才。

如何对待中外文化差异英语作文.doc

如何对待中外文化差异英语作文 我们如何去看待，中外文化差异所带来的英语学习的思维转换?下面是给大家整理的怎样对待中外文化差异英语作文，供大家参阅! 如何对待中外文化差异英语作文篇1 The culture differences between the East and West. As we know ,there are so many differences between culture of the East and West that I can not list all of their different aspects.I will focus on the differences of diet custom and teaching system.For your better understanding ,I will set examples of China and America. It is no doubt that it is a tradition to use chopsticks for Chinese.But people in America prefer to forks and knives.This different result is based on different food they are like .Americans choose to eat beefsteak,bread,and salad,while Chinese people choose noodles ,pancakes and rice.What is more,the custom of drinking tea in China and drinking coffee in America are stand out particularly.However,there is a trend that the food in both countries has been mixture.For example,the coffee and bread have introduced to China.The famous KFC is very popular at children. The gap of teaching system between China and America is big.Chinese students always complain about their homework.Too much homework has limited the time to exercise and relax.They have to recite many things as to get a high mark.Homework comes the first to them. In my opinion,the study in America is more interesting .Teachers pay attentions to training students skills in thinking in realastic life not to emphasis on the importances of memories.In a addition,the rate of going to school ,the salary of teaching ,and the job of gruduates are quite different,too.I should say that Chima government should make great efforts to improve its teaching syetem.I am also expect to be one day ,the West give more cheers to our country.

文化差异英语作文

文化差异英语作文集团文件发布号：（9816-UATWW-MWUB-WUNN-INNUL-DQQTY-

With the rapidly growing popularity of science and technology, the process of globalization made great achievements. We have more chances to communicate with foreigners. Intercultural communicator has increasingly become a popular central issue of the public. To discuss this issue from cognitive perspective, western culture is based on individualism rather than on collectivism. For instance, in the US, you always talk about individual rights. This is clearly different in China where a country is placed above your own self. From the affect point of view, Chinese emotional expression is subtle but not directly. On the contrary, westerners express more enthusiastic. Furthermore, the Chinese people do not say yes or no, they are more accustomed to tactfully convey his meaning. No doubt, the Westerners would like to directly deliver how they think and what they want. In behavior, many behavioral differences are due to the impact of many aspects which cover environmental, cultural, historical and other factors. Do not ask for the age and income is a case in point. We should respect others. Respect for their privacy, their national culture, and religious beliefs. Second, we want to

中西方文化差异(论文)

题目：中西方礼仪文化差异学院：数学与统计科学学院专业：数学与应用数学 学生姓名：白莉 学号：201141000102 指导教师：刘晓玲

中西方礼仪文化差异 [摘要] 中西方不仅在语言方面有很大的差异，同时也在饮食习惯，交际礼仪等等多方面。大学生在学习生活中也要去了解与学习中西方文化的差异。本文阐述了中西方文化在日常礼仪与餐桌礼仪方面的不同之处，帮助学生更好地了解中西方文化的不同，提高对中西方礼仪差异的认识，从而加深交际能力和跨文化意识。 [关键词] 中西方文化；餐桌礼仪；日常礼仪；交际礼仪

目录 引言 (3) 称呼 (3) 饮食 (4) 餐具 (4) 交谈 (5) 结论 (5)

引言 培根说过：“举止彬彬有礼的人，一定能赢得好的名誉。”正如同西班牙的伊丽莎白女王所说：“理解是一封通行四方的推荐书。”中国自从加入世界贸易组织，国际交往日益增多，身为高等学府的学生，有更多的机会与外国友人交往。在交往中需要学习并且写好这份“推荐书”，仅有流利的语言交流是不够的，必须了解中西文化利益的差异。“礼仪”的学习与了解应该是有意识的加入到日常生活照，下面，对中西方文化礼仪之差异作进一步分析。 礼仪是在社会交往活动中应该遵守的尊敬他人的礼节程序。中文中的“礼仪”由“礼”和“仪”两个字组成，分别代指礼貌、礼节，仪式、仪表。它们是一种要求，一种被人们规定的共同认可的程序。《论语》说“礼之用，和为贵”。“礼”可以产生出“人利”的气氛。“不学礼，无以立”，不懂礼貌，则无法立身，这是中国自古以来的共识，反映了孔子对礼仪的重视。中国自古被称为文明古国，礼仪之邦，礼仪在中国历史上源远流长。中国古代有《周礼》、《仪礼》、《礼仪》三部名著，这三部涵盖了中国古代礼仪的重要内容。 西方礼仪有很多种词汇，比如courtesy：有礼貌的行为。Etiquette：除了礼仪外，还指对从事某一行业人士的行动起约束作用规矩。Protocol：一种刻板的，在外交和军事领域内实行的长期公认的相处准则。Tite：仪式、典礼和惯例、习俗。 繁多的有关礼仪的词汇反映出了西方人对礼仪的重视，并有对礼仪更加细致的划分。这具体到礼仪文化上，中西方有如下多种差异。 称呼 中国传统意义上的家是指家庭，中国的礼仪产生于不同的家族文明。西方则从古希腊就开始以工商经济为主，这种经济于天然人伦无法相容，所以，宗法文明未充分发展。英语中的家源自拉丁词汇，而这个拉丁词汇源于在“家族之父的权力下”从事劳动的奴隶[1]。这与中国的家的概念完全不同。西方的家带有与工商经济发展相融的私有财产的意味。不仅家不同，国家也有不同的地方。在英语中，国家主要表示地域性或民族性的含义。是地域、民族、家族的总和。在中国人看来“国之本在家”。家是国家的命脉。中国人重在家中做人，英文中所说的一个人的背景与起源在中文中时身家，出身的表示。中国礼仪有着一种高超的宗法文明，同时内外亲疏之别，是中国人往往注重拉关系，“义父”、“义子”、“干

最新如何对待中西文化差异英语作文

【篇一】如何对待中西文化差异英语作文 In many parts of the world , personal influence is essential in achieving success. This is not true in the United States, where success usually results from hard work , education, skill, and personal initiative , America is truly a "do-it-yourself" society ; success is not dependent on family origins or the help of an influential person . Personal progress is the result of individual effort. Because effort and initiative are so important in America , there are many customs that may be different from those practiced in other countries. For example , it is not considered dishonorable to quit a job, even if you have had it for only a short time . Moving from job-to -job , or "job-hopping ", as it is called , is quite acceptable in the United States. Frequently , the opportunity to change jobs offers workers a chance to move up to a better position. Americans like to move from place to place trying new jobs, meeting new people and living in different parts of the country. "Job-hopping" also gives employers a chance to benefit from the new ideas and skills that different people bring to their jobs even if such people are employed for only a short time. 【篇二】如何对待中西文化差异英语作文 The whole question of the changing role of Blacks in American society as been the subject of news***** articles around the world so frequently that visitors to the United States do not know what to expect when they arrive. They may be surprised when they see that Blacks and Whites work side by side in offices , factories , and schools across the country . The majority of Blacks in the United States, however, live in and around only a small number of American cities. Many dark-skinned visitors arrive in the United States fearing personal attack or expecting various degrees of racial prejudice. Some forms of discrimination [1] still exist ,unfortunately, especially in the areas of the housing , schools , and jobs . The school equality is still more a dream than a reality. There are still too many areas of the country where Black Americans do not enjoy the same full opportunities as White Americans . However, the vast majority of American s are working , studying , and sharing public places together. This was not true even a few years ago in some parts of the country , but progress is steadily being made . You will be able to observe the improvement in race relations as soon as your plane lands . You will see it in the airport, in public buses and trains , in theaters , restaurants , rest room, in sops and libraries , in offices and factories . Close personal friendships between Blacks and

浅谈中西文化差异对翻译的影响

浅谈中西文化差异对翻译的影响

浅谈中西文化差异对翻译的影响 【摘要】：翻译作为跨文化交际的重要手段之一，是和文化紧密结合在一起的。而语言又是与文化相互交叉、相互渗透的，任何语言的生存发展都离不开其赖以生存的社会文化环境，社会文化又在一定程度上制约着语言使用者的思维方式和表达能力。本文从宗教信仰、历史文化、风俗习惯、时间观念、日常谈话、思维方式和价值取向的差异来描述中西文化差异对翻译的影响。 【关键词】：文化差异翻译影响 在语际转换中，翻译是我们将一种语言文字所蕴涵的意思用另一种语言文字表达出来的文化活动，是一种忠实于原文的再创作。但它不仅仅是语言的转换过程, 同时也是从一个国家文化移植为另一个国家文化的过程。从某种程度上来说，它与文化因素、背景知识有密切的联系。翻译家王佐良曾说：“翻译的最大困难是两种文化的不同。”而吕淑湘也曾提到过，翻译家必须是一个杂家。所谓的“杂”就是指知识要广博。所以，成功的翻译关键是必须要具备对国家文化差异进行深入的认识。 英汉翻译中西文化差异的不同影响主要表现在以下几个方面： 一、宗教信仰差异 西方文化传统是在基督教文化中得以整合的。从某种意义上说，只有了解基督教文化，才能了解西方的文化传统和文化渊源。 在宗教词汇方面，虽然汉语和英语中都有对应的词汇，但它们所蕴含的宗教文化信息却不同。例如，“龙”与“dragon”虽然本义相同，但其引申义和蕴含的宗教文化信息则大相径庭。在我国文化中，“龙”象征着“神圣、高贵吉祥”。在一定意义上，“龙”是中华民族源远流长的五千年文明史的象征。而英语中的“dragon”是一种没有地位的爬行动物，象征着“怪物、魔鬼、凶残”。因此，如果在翻译时遇到此类词汇就应该要注意，尽量避免造成误解。 二、历史文化差异 回顾人类历史的发展，对民族文化影响最大的主要是地壳变迁、民族迁徙、民族的征服与同化和民族之间的战争。在语言的发展过程中，历史文化的痕迹主要残留在习语当中。罗马人征服不列颠四百多年，英语习语中“Do in Rome as the Romans do—一入乡随俗；

浅谈中西方文化差异_英文_

综 合 191 # 浅谈中西方文化差异 文/黄文娟 摘 要:中西方文化差异导致了中西方交流中的误解,引起了很多不便。本文针对日常生活中中西方文化交流中的典型现象如婚姻家庭,餐厅礼仪和日常招呼等进行分析,阐述了这些文化现象后所隐藏的文化内涵和其所植根的文化根基,从个人主义和集体主义,平等概念和等级观念,自我中心和牺牲精神等方面做出解释,为困顿于中西方文化的学习者提供参考。关键词:中西方文化;现象;文化内涵;文化根基作 者:湖南对外经济贸易职业学院 ?1Cited phenomena A 1Mar riage A Chinese gir l got mar ried with an Amer ican boy and sett led down in Los Angeles not far away from wher e her par ents-in -law lived.T he fir st few months went by much smoothly and the Chinese girl got along very well with her new family. Six months later,she got pr egnant and infor med her par ents -in-law at the fir st moment.The r eady grandparents blessed her and her baby and went to Europe where they planned to enjoy a half -year holiday.The Chinese gir l was surprised at their decision:/Don .t you stay to take car e of me and my baby?Don .t you think the baby is the most import ant thing in the family now?0T he parents-in-law also got confused:/We love this baby,but does it mean we should give up our own life and do everything for it?0 B 1Rest aur ant customs A young Chinese tourist sat in a Par is caf and or der ed tea.Twice he asked for more hot water to top it up while putting the saucer on the cup to keep the tea warm,as he would have done at home. T he waiter grew impatient./This Chinese is too stingy t o pay for mor e tea.And doesn .t he know t he saucer goes under the cup to cat ch the dr ips?0 T he Chinese man noticed the displeasure on the wait er .s face and lost pat ience himself./This Wester n waiter is r ea lly stingy and silly!Why is he so reluctant to serve me hot water?Why does he put the lid under the cup?0he got angry,and left the caf st eam ing with resent ment. C 1Greeting An American student Charlie went to China and continued his study in Peking University.Ever ything went well with him except that the Chinese people were hard to understand for him somet imes. One day afternoon,he was on his way back from the super market when he encounter ed two Chinese classmates./H i,Charlie,wher e are you going?0one of the Chinese classmates greeted him./I .m just back from the supermar ket.0H e answer ed./What did you buy?0T he Chinese student continued./Er ,0Char lie felt ver y awkward,/I bought a bar of bread,five apples,a bott le of salad jam and ,0/You don .t have to tell us all these specific t hings,we ar e just greeting you by asking you questions.0/What?You confused me!0 ò.Analysis on the cited phenomenon and the cor responding cultur al implications In the fir st case,both the Chinese girl and her par ents-in -law can keep their own opinion.In China,it is par ents .dut y t o be responsible for their childr en and this responsibility will last (4)勤巡视病房,观察生命体征、面色、意识及有无感染、周围组织坏死等。当出现因插管技术而导致的并发症(如穿破脐血管造成出血插进或堵塞腹主动脉分支、空气栓塞、血栓形成、误插在门静脉沟处、穿破肝实质等)时,应通知医生尽早拔管,同时给予对症治疗,使症状得以改善。 (5)细菌学检测。每周1次分别做外周血和脐部穿刺处皮肤的细菌培养。本组病例共做16次外周血和脐部穿刺处皮肤的细菌培养,无1例发生院内感染等插管并发症。 参考文献: [1]余波,李莎莎.新生儿126例脐静脉插管末端细菌培养的临床分析[J]中国新生儿科杂志,2007(4) [2]宋新志,曹明艳,何咏梅,等.新生儿窒息血肌钙蛋白T 变化[J ]湘南学院学报,2005(1) [3]周宇,周晓光.新生儿胎粪吸入综合征临床分型与特点的初步探讨[J]中国当代儿科杂志,2000(5) [4]高树辉,周杰,张映辉,等.早产儿血脂水平与出生体重的关系[J]中国当代儿科杂志,2003(3)