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Book4 Unit4 Body language

语法：v–ing 形式做定语和状语

S tep1: Revision (the Ving form as the Attribute)

1.In the ___ _(follow) years he worked even harder.

2.Whether life will continue on the earth for millions of years___ _(come)will depend on

whether this problem can be solved.

3.The wolf spoke in a ___ voice and Mr. Dongguo felt __ .(frighten)

4.The __ _______ (shake) building showed that an earthquake was coming.

5.__ _(bark) dogs seldom bite. =Dogs ____ _ seldom bite.

6.But I woke when a little boy ran into m y ____ _(hide) place.

【合作探究】：

1.v-ing 作定语的位置：单个ing 做定语,位于名词的____ ; 短语作定语位于名词的___ .

2.动名词作定语: 被修饰名词的____ 和_。

现在分词（ing）作定语:表示___ 动，所修饰名词正在进行的_ 或所处的_ 过去分词(done)作定语：表示___ 动，动作已经完成或所处的__ _

3.to do 不定式作定语：表示将来The meeting to be held is of importance.

Step2：Lead-in 寻规找矩：请找出下面句子中的v–ing form. 并说出分别充当什么成分。1.Yesterday, another student and I, representing our university’s student association, went to the

Capital International Airport to meet this year’s international students.

2.She stepped back appearing surprised and put up her hands, as if in defence.

3.When Darlene Coulon from France came dashing through the door, she recognized Tony

Garcia’s smiling face.

4.Just at that moment, however, Akira bowed so his nose touched George’s moving hand.

5.They also express their feelings using unspoken language through physical distance.

Step4: 现在分词作状语

1.什么是状语？状语是指修饰谓语动词或整个句子的成分, 可以由单词、短语和从句充当，

表示动作发生的时间、原因、结果、方式、条件、伴随状况等等。

e.g. He did his homework quickly last night so he went to bed very early.

2.动词-ing 形式可以作状语，在句中表示时间、原因、结果、条件、让步、行为方式或伴随情况等,相当于相对应的状语从句。

1)作时间状语While he was waiting for the bus, he read a copy of China Daily.

= __ __________________ f or the bus, he read a copy of China Daily.

2)作原因状语As I thought he might be at home, I called him.

= ____________________ , I called him.

3)表方式、伴随情况的状语

①He sat on the sofa, and watched TV.= He sat on the sofa, ___ .

② Four people entered the room and looked around in a curious way.

= Four people entered the room, ___ _.

4)表结果( 表示自然而然、顺其自然的结果）

①His father died, and that left the family even worse off.

= His father died, ___ _.

122

to do 不定式表示意料外的结果其他状语均用分词。 ②The fast growing number of private cars contribute to heavy traffic jams, which makes it likely for car accidents to happen. = The fast growing number of private cars contribute to heavy traffic jams, ____ _ it likely for car accidents to happen. to do 不定式作结果状语，与分词做状语的区分： He hurried to the bus stop, only to find the bus had left. The child slipped and fell, hitting his head against the door. 5) 表条件

①If you use your head, you will find a way.= ____ _, you will find a way.

②Unless they were asked to answer questions, the students were not supposed to talk in class. = Unless ___ to answer questions, the students were not supposed to talk in class.

6） 表方式、让步等He came ___ _(run)back to tell me the news.

Step4: 注意事项

1. ing 形式位置 动词-ing 形式作时间、原因、条件、让步状语时多位于____ _；作结果

状语时常位于__ _;作伴随状语时， _均可。

2. ing 形式的否定式、完成式及其被动语态

①Because it is being repaired now, the bike can’t be used now.

= __ , the bike can’t be used now.

②Because they are being built, the buildings are not open to the students.

= __ , the buildings are not open to the students.

③After he had experienced the bitterness of laziness, Jack made up his mind to work h ard. =_ , Jack made up his mind to work hard.

④She didn’t know what to do next, so she stopped to ask her sister for help.

=___ _, she stopped to ask her sister for help.

【合作探究】：

1) doing/being done 表示动作与谓语动词___ 发生或几乎 _发生。

2) having done 表示非谓语动词发生在谓语动词____ _。通常翻译成_ 。

3) 分词的否定形式not 位于非谓语动词___ .

3. 动词的 ing 形式（现在分词）作状语必须满足一个条件: 现在分词的逻辑主语必须是句子

的主语。如果不是这样，那么就要在现在分词的前面加上它的逻辑主语，这样就变成了独立主格结构。(选讲)

1) When Tony was waiting for the bus, a bird fell on his head.

=___ , a bird fell on his head.

2) All the tickets had been sold out, so the fans went away disappointedly.

=___ _, the fans went away disappointedly.

3)He guided the blind man, and they walked slowly across the s treet.

=___ , they walked slowly across the street.

4)She looked at the photo silently, and her tears fell down her cheeks.

= She looked at the photo silently, ___ _.

4. 评论性状语: 有些惯用的 V-ing 短语在句中中可以没有逻辑上的主语而独立存在，它们往

往作为句子的独立成分来修饰全句，表面说话者的态度观点等。我们称这种状语为评论性状语或评注性状语。

generally/ strictly/ narrowly speaking ….来说

judging from/ by 由...判断

considering taking everything into consideration/account 考虑到

to be honest; to tell the truth; to begin with; to sum up…

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