简单句与复合句

一简单句

句子结构句子功能

1主语+不及物动词陈述句

2主语+系动词+表语疑问句

3主语+及物动词+宾语祈使句

4主语+及物动词+间接宾语+直接宾语感叹句

5主语+及物动词+宾语+宾补

6 there be句型

（一）陈述句 1.肯定句：主语+谓语

2.否定句

（1）谓语动词是be、have或有助动词和情态动词时，在它们之后直接加not

He is not a student. He has not any books. He will not go there.

（2）谓语动词为行为动词，无助动词或情态动词，在谓语动词前加do 再加not（did 、does）

I don’t want to do that. He doesn’t like this.

（3）其他否定词no , hardly , never , few , little 等

He has no brothers or sisters. I will never ride a horse. He can hardly speak an English word.

（4）两者全部否定Neither 或nor

Neither of them knows French. Neither John nor Mary is here.

（5）两者部分否定

Both of them didn’t attend the meeting.

（6）三者以上全部否定none , nothing , nobody , no one 等

None of these answers is right. Nobody agrees with what you said.

（7）三者以上部分否定，all ,many , every等加not 构成。

Not many people like music. Not every girls like singing and dancing. All these books are not mine.

（8）本应在从句中的not被移至主句的谓语动词中，believe ，expect , imagine , suppose , think等。

I don’t think it will be very cold today. We don’t believe that he can do it.

（二）疑问句

1.一般疑问句：用Y es , No回答

（1）谓语是be或have ，将其提前到主语前

Have you any English books?(Do you have any English books?) Is she a teacher?

（2）谓语动词是行为动词，将助动词do或情态动词置于主语前

Do you have a meeting every week?

（3）否定式：把be , have 或情态动词和not的简略式n’ t一起放在句首

Isn’t she a doctor? 肯定回答“Y es ,she is.”否定回答“No ,she isn’t”

（4）提问的回答可肯定可否定Is there anything wrong with your pen?

提问人预期得到肯定回答Is there something wrong with your pen? Did someone phone last night? 2.特殊疑问句：用疑问代词或疑问副词提问，不用Y es或No回答

（1）疑问词作主语或主语的定语

Who is in the room? Whose father works in Beijing?

（2）疑问词作句子的宾、状、表语或修饰这三种成分时，“疑问词+一般疑问句”

Where do you come from? When will you go?

区别：who（主格）和whom（宾格）Who(Whom) are you looking for? With whom did you work yesterday? （3）“Why+一般疑问句否定式”，一般表劝告、建议、责备等。

Why don’t you come earlier? (Why not come earlier?)

3.选择疑问句：用or连接，不用yes 、no回答。Do you go to work by bus or by bike? By bus.

4.反义疑问句

（三）祈使句：表命令、请求、建议，主语常省

（1）说话对象是第二人称you，一般省略主语；否定式“Don’t (Never)+动词原形”

Get up ! Don’t be afraid.

（2）说话对象是第一人称和第三人称，“Let +宾语+动词原形”，否定式：“let+宾语+not+动词原形”或“Don’t let +宾语+动词原形”Let us go . let’s not go fishing. Let us （不包括对方），let’s (包括对方)

Let us go now , will you?(=Please allow us to go now.) Let’s go now , shall we?

比较：Use your head and you will find a way . Using your head , he found a way.

（四）感叹句：表示快乐、痛苦等强烈感情，用how和what开头

1.How开头

（1）“How + adj（adv）+主语+谓语”How beautiful the flower is! How fluently he speaks English! （2）how修饰动词，“How +主语+谓语”How the wind blows!

（3）“How + adj（adv）”（省略主谓）How interesting（it is）！

2.What 开头（1）“what（a）+n”What fun！（2）“What（a）+（adj）n +主谓”What a beautiful picture it is!

二、复合句：名词性从句、定语从句、状语从句

（一）名词性从句：主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句、同位语从句。

关联词：连接词that，if，whether；疑问代词who，what，which；疑问副词when，where，how，why等1.主语从句：放在主句谓语动词之前，或用it做形式主语，将主语从句放在主句之后

Who did that is known to all. It is interesting that you like him.

（1）从属连词引导

That the earth turns around the sun is known to all. Whether there is life on other planets is yet known.

It’s not sure if he will succeed. (if引导的主语从句只能放在句尾，whether引导的可放在句首也可句尾) （2）连接代词引导

What you need is more practice. Who will go is not important. Which team will win the game is uncertain. Whatever I have done is only for you.

（3）连接副词引导

Where the meeting will be held hasn’t been decided. When he will return is the most important thing.

Why they are reducing price does not matter. However you do it is all right with me.

（4）it作形式主语

A．that引导从句It makes everyone happy that the girl is still alive. It is impossible that I go and the meeting.

B. It is a pity , it is a shame , it is strange(surprising), it is no wonder , it is necessary等结构后的主语从句用虚拟：should + V（should有时可省），表遗憾、惊奇、重要等

It is strange that he should have failed to see his own shortcomings. It is a great pity that he should be so greedy.

C. 由Wh-系列引导的从句也用it作形式主语It doesn’t matter whether he’s coming or not.

It’s more time what we need. It is still open to question who is to head the group.

2.表语从句

（1）从属连词引导（if除外）The fact is that we are behind other groups.

The question is whether we should ask them for help.

（2）连接代词引导China is not what it used to be. The problem is who will stay.

What she wants to know is which dress she should buy.

（3）连接副词引导This is where you are wrong. That was how they were defeated. That is why he is late. （4）as, as if, as though, because 也可引导表语从句Things are not always as they seem to be.

It looks as if it were going to rain. It is because you eat too much.

3.同位语从句：跟在某些表抽象概念的名词后面，说明名词的具体内容。该类名词有：idea, news, fact, promise, answer, belief, condition, doubt, fear, hope, problem, proof, question. Reply, suggestion, thought, truth等（1）that引导We heard the news that our team had won. We must face the fact that we had spent all the money. （2）whether引导The question whether we need it is not answered.

He asked the question whether this material can stand high temperature.

（3）when引导I have no idea when he will be back. I’ve got the news when the new film will be on show. （4）where引导I have no idea where he has gone.

The suggestion where we should build our new factory should be considered.

（5）how引导He can’t answer the question how he got the money.

She didn’t tell the truth how she managed to go abroad.

4.宾语从句

（二）定语从句：修饰n或代词（先行词），引导关系代词或关系副词在定语从句中担任句子成分

关系代词有who, whom, whose, which, that等；关系副词有where, when, why等。

1.由who（主语），whom（宾语），whose（定语）引导(若先行词为人，也可用that)

This is the man who helped me. The doctor whom you are looking for is in the room. Do you know the man whose name is Wang Y u? The girl who (that) is speaking at the meeting is our monitor.

2.which 引导（which在从句中作主语或谓语动词或介词的宾语）

This is the book which you want. The building which stands near the river is our school. The room in which there is a machine is workshop.

注：A. whom，which作介词宾语时，介词一般可放在which之前，也可放在从句中原来的位置；但在含有介词的动词固定词组中，介词只能放在原来位置。This is the person whom you are looking for.

B. 非限定性定语从句中，关系代词用which，不用that。I have lost my pen, which I like very much.

3.由that引导（that可以指人或物，在从句中作主语或谓语的宾语，但不能做介词的宾语）

The letter that I received was from my father.

一下情况必须用that：

A.先行词为all, few, little, much, something, nothing, anything等。All that we have to do is to practice every day.

B.先行词被序数词或形容词最高级所修饰。The first lesson that I learned will never be forgotten.

C.先行词被all, any, every, few, little, no, some等修饰。I have read all the books (that) you gave me.

D.先行词被the only, the very, the same, the last, just 等修饰。He is the only person that I want to talk to.

E.先行词既有人又有物。They talked of things and persons that they remembered in the school.

F.当主句是以who或which开头的特殊疑问句时，定语从句必须用that，避免重复。

Who is the boy that was here just now? which of us that knows something about physics doesn’t know this?

G.先行词在从句中作表语。The village is no longer the one that used to be.

4.由when, where, why引导。I know the reason why he came late. This is the place where we lived for 5 years.

I will never forget the day when I met Mr. Liu.

先行词表地点时，有时用that（从句谓语动词为及物，which）有时用where（不及物）：

This is the house where he lived last year. This is the house that (which) he visited last year.

5.限定性和非限定性定语从句

A.限定性：句中不可缺少的部分，主句从句之间不用逗号分开。

B.非限定性：对主句先行词的补充说明，没有从句不影响主句完整性。主句和从句一般用逗号分开，通常不用that引导。引导的关系代词有who, whom, whose, which, of which等，且关系代词不能省略。

I have two sisters, who are both students. I have lost the pen, which I like very much.

6.as引导

（1）引导限定性定语从句，在从句中作定语、表语、状语，the same…as，such…as

I like the same book as you do. I shall do it in the same way as you did.

I want to have such a dictionary as he has.

（2）引导非限定性定语从句，as在句中作主语、表语或宾语，可放在主句之前，说明整个句子。

As we all know, he studies very hard. As is known to all, he is the best student in our class.

注意：a.关系代词在从句作主语时，从句的谓语动词的人称和数必须和先行词保持一致。

b. 关系代词whom，which，that在限定性定语从句中作动词宾语或介词宾语，而该介词位于从句末尾时，经常省略，但as一般不省略。

c. 关系代词which和as引导定语从句的区别：which不能放句首，而as可以；在句中as有“正如，就像”之意，而which没有。

（三）状语从句：修饰主句中的动词、形容词或副词等。若从句放在主句之前，用逗号隔开；放在主句之后，一般不用逗号。可分为：时间、条件、原因、让步、目的、结果、方式、比较地点等。

1.时间状语从句

（1）常用连词：when, as, while, before, after, since, till(until), as soon as, hardly…when…, no sooner…than, the moment等

（2）不用一般将来时。主句若为将来时，从句要用一般现在时。I’ll go on with the work when I come back tomorrow.

（3）连词when，while，as都表示“当…的时候”。When引导：从句和主句的动作可同时发生也可先后发生；而as、while则强调主句和从句的动作同时发生。

While I was reading, he came in. As he walked along the street, he sang happily.

（4）till(until)”：一直到…时”，主句、从句都用肯定式；“直到…才”，主句否定，从句肯定。

He did not get up till his mother came in. he worked until it was dark.

（5）as soon as，the moment：一…就

no sooner…than，hardly…when：刚…就…。主句动词一般用过去完成时，从句用过去时；而且主句一般倒装，将had提前。As soon as I finish the work, I’ll go to see you. Hardly had I entered the room, when I heard a loud noise.

2.原因状语从句：because（语气最强）, as（最弱）, since（既然，表已知或显然的理由）, nowthat（既然，鉴于某个事实）

Because 引导：表示直接或明确的原因或理由，可放在主句前或主句后

Why is he absent? Because he is ill.

He did not speak to you, it was because he didn’t recognize you.

Y ou shouldn’t get angry just because some people speak ill of you.

Since、as引导：强调结果，不强调原因，常放在主句前，since比as语气强

Since a lot of people make mistakes in life, you’d better give him a chance.

Since the two children were brought up in the south, they have never seen snow.

As it was getting very late, we had to go home.

As he didn’t know much English, he often took a dictionary with him.

For引导：不用来说明原因，表示一种附带或补充解释，或说明，或表推理，引导的句子一般不放在句首We must start early, for we have a long way to go.

He must have done it by himself for there was no one else in the room.

Now that引导：that可省

Now that you are well again, you can go on with your work.

Now (that) you are free today, you may have a rest at home or go out for a walk.

此外表示原因的从属连词还有：

（1）the reason…is that…The reason she refused to go was that she had no money.

（2）because, because of I did not go because of rain. = I did not go because it rained.

（3）in as much as He knows the truth in as much as he was there.

（4）now that既然Now that we have gone so far, we might go a little further.

（5）seeing (that) /considering (that)…Seeing (that) she is a mere child, it is not safe to let her go alone.（6）in that / for that In that he is ill, he feels unable to do it.

（7）when既然I can’t tell you anything when you won’t listen.

（8）it is that 是因为If I find fault, it is that I want you to do better in the future.

（9）not because…but because…

We rented the house not because we like it, but because there was no other housetolet.

（10）not that…but that…It is not that I am unwilling but that I have no time.

（12）for the reason that / by reason that / on the ground(s) that因为

I don’t like her for the reason that she is a lazy girl.

3.地点状语从句：where, wherever,

We shall go where working conditions are difficult.（状语从句）

We shall go to the place where work conditions are difficult.（定语从句）

4.条件状语从句：从属连词有if（如果）, unless（除非）, as(so) long as（只要）, on condition that, in case等

If you wake up before me, give me a call.

Y ou can’t learn a language well unless you work hard.

I’ll lend you the money as(so) long as you take my advice.

I’ll come on condition that Mary is invited, too.

分类：真实条件句和非真实条件句

（1）真实条件句：假设的情况有可能发生，句中用陈述语气。

I’ll write to your parents if you’re late again.

He will not leave unless it is fine tomorrow.

（2）非真实条件句：假设的情况完全是一种假设或发生的可能性不大，句中用虚拟语气。

If it were not raining now, I would not be staying at home.

If we had more time yesterday, we could have done the work.

5.让步状语从句

（1）if 即使，既然，但口气较弱I’ll do it, if it takes me all afternoon.即使这件工作会占据整个下午我也要做。（2）whether…or，无论I will go whether it may rains or shines.

（3）not with standing虽然Not with standing he works very hard, he can’t support his family.

（4）when虽然she bought two coats, when she needed but one.

（5）(al)though虽然Though 可与yet，nevertheless连用，但不可与but连用

Though he punished me, yet I will trust in him. Though he was very tired, he did not give up.

Though he is learned, nevertheless he is not vain.虽然他博学，但却不骄傲。

区别：though可放于句尾，而although不可。He said he would come, he didn’t though.

Even if/ even though 即便My grades were always excellent, even though I was often abscent.

（6）even if/ even though可用虚拟语态Even if I were busy, I would go to see you off.

（7）no matter+疑问词+ever…无论No matter whoever comes, he will be welcome.

No matter however little ability a man has, it is possible for him to do something if he be but diligent.勤勉（8）while/where as 即使While I admire that the problems are different, I don’t agree that they cannot be solved. （9）as，要用倒装

A．n(不加冠词)/adj/adv/分词+as+主语+动词

Child as he is, he can answer this question. Surrounded as he was by enemy, he was not afraid.

Poor as he was, he was above selling his honor at any price.

B. verb +as+主语+助动词Try as(though,但although不可) he may, he never seems able to do the work well.

Rich as(though) he is, he is not happy.

C. for all(that)尽管如此For all he seems to dislike me, I still like him.

For all he is healthy, he is not happy.= For all/with all/in spite of his wealth he is not happy.

D. grant/granted/granting/assuming即便，如Grant it is true it does not concern me.

E. not but/not but that/not but what虽然，然而I can’t come, not but that I’d like to.

6.结果状语从句:由so, so that, so…that, such…that等引导

He bought a big house, so(that)he had more apace to paint in. She was such a nice girl that everyone liked her.

So , such 区别：so位于adj、adv前；

such位于n前，加单数名词时such a(an)+n, n前有(a)few,(a)little,many,much等修饰时，用so It is so beautiful a school. Don’t drive so fast, it is not safe.

He is such an honest servant. Such a little animal eat so much food.

I have three such books. He has done many such things.

It was so hot a day that we couldn’t sleep.

It was such a hot day that we couldn’t sleep.

The box is so heavy that nobody can move it.

It is such a heavy box that nobody can move it.

7.目的状语从句:常由so, that, so that, in order that, in case（以免）, lest（以免）引导,

Bring it closer so I may see it better.

They have died that liberty might live.

I am saving money so that I can buy a house.

He spoke loudly in order that everybody could hear him.

Take your raincoat in case it rains/(shoule)rain.

I’ll explain it to him lest he (should)doubt me.

lest, in case从句用虚拟：I emphasized it again and again lest you (should) forget.

Y ou’d better take more clothes in case the weather gets cold.

I’ll take a raincoat with me in case it rains.

8.方式状语从句：放在主句之后，用as, just as, as if, as though等引导，As if, as though 引导的从句一般用虚拟，若有可能实验，可用陈述

The old man runs very fast as if he were a young man.

Y ou may do as you please.

9.比较状语从句：常由as…as, than, not so…as…, the more…等词引导，比较的从句部分常是省略句

I know you better than he does.

The more we can do for you, the happier we will be.

He is not as/so tall as you (are).

I don’t get up as/so early as you (do).

He is as tall as I (me).

He is taller than I (me).

根据句子的结构，英语的句子可分为简单句、并列句和复合句。 1简单句 只包含一个主谓结构，He is a doctor. 2并列句 用并列连词and，but，or把两个的简单句连接而成。 He is a doctor ,and

she is a teacher. I liked the story , but he didn’t like it. Hurry up，or you will be late. 3 复合句 句型：主句+连词+从句 连词+从句+主句（包含一个主句、一个从句的句子叫复合句。）

1).定语从句 2).状语从句 3).名词性从句 I don’t like the wa y (that, in which) he talked to me. Please pass me the book whose cover is green. （of which t

he cover/the cover of which）

二、状语从句 1 地点状语从句 地点状语从句通常 由where, wherever 引导。 Where I live there are plenty of trees. Wherever I am I wil l be thinking of yo u.

2 方式状语从句 方式状语从句通常由as, (just) as…s o…, as if, as thou gh引导。 1）as, (just) as…s o…引导的方式状语从句通常位于主句后，但在(just) as…so…结构中位于句首，这时a s从句带有比喻的含

简单句和复合句练习题 1.（NMET2004）The English play _______ my students acted at the New Year’s party was a great success. A. for which B. at which C. in which D. on which 2.（NMET2004）Roses need special care ______ they can live through winter. A. because B. so that C. even if D. as 3.（2004 辽宁）The factory produces half a million pairs of shoes every year，80% _____are sold abroad. A. of which B. which of C. of them D. of that 4.（NMET2003）A computer can only do ______ you have instructed it to do. A. how B. after C. what D. when 5._____this company has done seems to be in agreement with what the government has called for. A. That B. How C. Whether D. What 6.Fortunitely we had a map，without ______we would have got lost. A. which B. it C. that D. what 7.The Great Wall is the last place ______Mr smith is going to visit before he leaves Beijing. A. where B. which C. / D. what 8.I shall never forget those years ______I lived in the country with the farmers，______ has a great effect on my life. A. that；which B. when；which C. which；that D. when；who 9.I don’t like the way ______ you speak to her. A. / B. in that C. which D. of which 10.She spent the whole evening talking about the things and the persons ______ none of us has ever heard of . A. which B. who C. whom D. that 11.I have bought such a watch ________ was advertised on TV. A. that B. which C. as D. it 12.Free film tickets will be sent to ______ are interested in the film. A. whomever B. whoever C. whatever D. whichever 13.The demand ______ the workers ask for higher wages seemed reasonable. A. what B. that C. which D. when 14.We won’t give up _______ we should fail ten times. A. even if B. since C. whether D. until 15.I remember _________ this used to be a quiet village. A. when B. how C. where D. what 16.—Do you remember ______ he came.？ ---Yes，I do. He came by car. A. how B. when C. that D. if 17.__________ she knows a lot of things. A. A child she is B. As she is a child C. Child as she is D. Child as is she 18.You can go out _______ you promise to be back before 12o’clock. A. so that B. as far as C. as long as D. in case 19.---Do the factory leaders meet every Monday morning？ ----Yes，______ there is nothing important to deal with. A. since B. if C. unless D. therefore 20.He lived in Paris for three months，during ______ time he learned some French. A. this B. that C. it D. which 21.Recently I bought an ancient Chinese vase，_____ was very reasonable. A.which price B. the price of which C. its price D. the price of whose

高考英语简单句、并列句和复合句总结 考点一简单句 1.简单句只包含一个主谓结构. 2.五种简单句: 1)主+谓. He comes at last. 2)主+系+表. She is a teacher. The soup tastes nice. 3)主+谓+宾. They reached the village. 4)主+谓+间宾+直宾. He gave me a pen. 5)主+谓+宾+宾补. I find that book very useful. 考点二并列句 并列句：两个或两个以上的简单句，用连词连接起来。 常用的连接词有： 1.表示顺承关系的：and, not only…but also（不仅….而且….）等。 She ______ gave us a lot of advice, _______ helped us to overcome difficulties. Linda tried to become an excellent teacher, _____ at last she succeeded. 2.表示选择关系和否定条件的有or（还是，否则） Do you want to leave now ____ would you rather set off later? Wear your coat, ____ you’ll catch a cold. 3.表示转折关系的有but, yet等。 He is young, but he works hard.虽然他年轻，但工作努力。 4.表示因果关系的有for, so 等。 My leg hurts so I go to see a doctor. 我的腿疼，因此我去看医生。 考点三主从复合句：宾语从句 1.宾语从句的引导词 （1）引导陈述句用that(在口语和非正式文体中常常省略) He tells me (that ) he is going shopping this Sunday. (2) 引导一般疑问句用if或whether. She asked me if\ whether she could join us. (whether…or not) (3) 引导特殊疑问句，要用原来的特殊疑问词。 She asked them what they were doing. 2.宾语从句的语序：要用陈述句语序。 I want to know when the train left. 3. 宾语从句的时态 （1）主句是一般现在时，一般将来时或祈使句，宾语从句可根据实际需要选用各种时态。 He tells us that he has been able to look after himself. (2)主句是过去时态，宾语从句应使用过去时的相应时态。 They said that they had already finished the work. (3)如果宾语从句叙述的是客观事实、真理、自然现象等，不管主句用什么时态，从句 都用一般现在时。 He said that light travels faster than sound. 3. 练习 1）She asked me, “Will you go to the cinema tomorrow?” (改为含宾语从句的复合句)

简单句、并列句、复合句 一．简单句：仅有一个主谓结构的句子叫简单句。 1.主语、谓语在人称与数上的一致性。 and连接两个并列主语时为复数，谓语动词也相应地使用复数形式，但： (1)如果and连接的两个名词是不可数名词且前面都没有冠词，若两个词表示一个事物或一个概念，谓语动词要用单数；如果两个词表示的是两个事物或两个概念，谓语动词则要用复数。 (2)如果and连接的是两个可数单数名词，前一个有冠词，后一个没有冠词，意味着一个人或事物，谓语动词要用单数。 (3)当and连接的两个名词前都有each，every，many a，no等单数概念的限定词修饰时(第二个名词前的修饰词有时可以省略)，谓语动词要用单数。 2.陈述句与疑问句的转换。 3.选择疑问句。 4.反意疑问句。 (1)陈述句+省略问句 (2)祈使句+附加疑问句 反意疑问句的回答 二．并列句 由并列连词把两个或两个以上的互相关连而又互相独立的独句(即简单句)连在一起而构成的句子叫并列句。其结构是：简单句+并列连词+简单句 常用的连词有and,but,or not only...but also,neither...nor,either...or 联合并列句常由并列词and, not only…but also…..等连接 如: Use your hand, and you’ll find a way. 转折并列句常由并列连词but, while, yet, whereas, nevertheless等连接 如:I would love to have gone to the party last night but I had to work extra hours to finish a report. 选择疑问句常由并列连词or, otherwise, either…or…,等连接 如:Either you leave this house or I’ll call the police 因果并列句由并列连词so, for, therefore 等连接. 如: it was late, so we went home. 在”祈使句+and/or+陈述句”结构中,当前后两部分间为承接关系时,用and;前后意思为相反关系时,用or.可将前面的祈使句转换成由if引导的条件状语从句,但必须将and 或or 去掉. 如: Hurry up, and we’ll be there in time.= If we hurry up, we’ll be there in time. because和so; although, though和but 不能连用 三．复合句:有一个主句和若干个从句组成 1. What I want to explain is this. 2.We should never pretend to know what we don’t know. 3.That’s exactly what I am planning to do. 4.We expressed the hope that they would come and visit china again. 5.He asked me to stay where I was. 6. The comrade whom you spoke to is a model worker.

名师手记之：英语篇（简单句、并列句和复合句） 1.简单句、并列句和复合句 ① 句子种类两种分类法 按照句子的用途，英语的句子可分：陈述句(肯定、否定)、疑问句(一般、特殊、选择、反意)、祈使句、感叹句等四种。 按照句子的结构可分：简单句并列句和复合句三种。 简单句只有一个主语或并列主语和一个谓语或并列谓语。并列句由并列连词and, but, or，so等)或分号(;)把两个或两个以上的简单句连在一起构成。复合句：含有一个或一个 以上从句的句子。复合句包含：状语从句\名词性从句(主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句)和定语从句等三种。 ② 并列句的分类 并列句指把两个同等重要的句子连接在一起，句子之间常用and, not only…but also…, neither…nor…, then等并列连词连接。 表示选择关系常用的连词有：or, either…or…, otherwise等 表示转折关系常用的连词有：but, still, however, yet, while, when等。 表示因果关系常用的连词有：so, for, therefore等。 2.状语从句： (1)状语从句的分类 状语从句通常修饰主句的动词或整个句子，由从属连词引导，从属连词在从句中不充当句子成分。根据状语从句所表达的不同意义和功能，可分为时间、地点、原因、条件、目的、结果、让步、比较、方式等状语从句。 (2)连接状语从句的词语 时间状语从句：when, whenever每当……，after, before, as, as soon as, hardly/ scarcely...when..., no sooner...than.。.一……就……，while, till, until, since,

简单句、并列句、复合句、并列复合句 文章来源：互联网 在前面各讲中所说的肯定句、否定句、各种疑问句、感叹句等，是根据句子的作用来划分的。今天，我们再学习一种新的分类方法：即根据句子的内部结构，特别是句子与句子之间的关系来划分的方法。根据句子结构，可以分为三种主要类型：简单句、并列句、复合句，另外还有一种叫并列-复合句子。 要搞懂英语句子结构分类，有一点首先必须明白：即什么是“句子”？句子的概念有两层含义：一是它能表达一个清晰、完整的意思。反过来讲，只要能表达一个清晰、完整的意思的语言单位，不论是长是短，哪怕是一个单词，也算作是一个句子。这是从意义方面来说的。二是句子的结构完整。所谓“完整”，最核心的是一个句子应该有“主语、谓语”。也就是说，有主语、有谓语的语言单位就是一个句子。这就是从句子结构方面来分的，也是从句子语法成份方面来划分的。我们所讲的简单句、并列句、复合句都是从主语、谓语来判定句子类型的。 如果按照句子的结构分类，英文句子可分为三种类型：简单句(Simple Sentence)，并列句(Compound Sentence)和复合句(Complex Sentence)。 一、简单句 简单句的定义是：或者只有一个主语，或者只有一个谓语。为什么说“或者”呢？因为简单句可以只有一个主语，但有几个谓语；或者可以有几个主语，但只有一个谓语。这样一分，简单句就有三种形式了。 1、只有一个主语、一个谓语，再加上其它成份。例如： Light travels faster than sound. 光比声传播速度快。 The film is not interesting. 这部电影没有意思。 Can you finish the work on time? 你能按时完成工作吗？ 2、只有一个主语，但有几个谓语，再加上其它成份。例如： The boy were running, shouting and laughing. 男孩们一边跑，一边笑，一边喊叫着。 You cannot listen to music and memorize at the same time. 你不能既听音乐，同时又背诵东西。 Computers mean a lot to human beings and are paidmore and more attention by people.

英语简单句、并列句、复合句及练习 一、简单句 1、概述 只有一个主语和一个谓语动词的句子称为简单句。 I am a student.我是一个学生。 She likes English very much.她非常喜欢英语。 He usually does morning exercises on the playground.他常常在操场上做早操。 2、简单句的基本句型 英语简单句可分为五种基本句型，其它的句子可看成是这几种基本句型的扩展、组合、倒装、省略。这五个基本句式：主谓结构（S + V）；主系表结构（S + V + P ）；主谓宾结构（S + V + O ）；主谓双宾结构（S + V + IO + DO）；主谓宾补结构（S + V + O + C） 说明：S=主语；V=谓语；P=表语；O=宾语；IO=间接宾语；DO=直接宾语；C=宾语补足语 （1）主谓结构（S + V） 在此句式中，V是不及物动词，又叫自动词(vi．)。 He runs quickly．他跑得快。 They listened carefully．他们听得很仔细。 He suffered from cold and hunger．他挨冻受饿。 China belongs to the third world country．中国属于第三世界国家。 The gas has given out．煤气用完了。 My ink has run out．我的钢笔水用完了。 Plants grow well all the year round.一年四季植物生长良好。 （2）主系表结构（S + V + P ） 在此句式中，V是系动词(link v．)，常见的系动词有：look，seem，appear，sound，feel，taste，smell，grow，get，fall ill/asleep，stand/sit still，become，turn等。 He is older than he looks．他比看上去要老。 He seems interested in the book他似乎对这本书感兴趣。 The story sounds interesting．这个故事听起来有趣。 The desk feels hard．书桌摸起来很硬。 The cake tastes nice．饼尝起来很香。 The flowers smell sweet and nice．花闻起来香甜。 You have grown taller than before．你长得比以前高了。 He has suddenly fallen ill．他突然病倒了。 He stood quite still．他静静地站着。 He becomes a teacher when he grew up．他长大后当了教师。 He could never turn traitor to his country．他永远不会背叛他的祖国。 注意：有些动词同时也是及物动词，可构成SVO句式。 He looked me up and down．他上下打量我。 He reached his hand to feel the elephant．他伸出手来摸象。 They are tasting the fish．他们在品尝鱼。

: 七年级上册： Unit 1—Unit 9:侧重于陈述句和疑问句。 七年级下册： Unit 4:祈使句 Don't eat in the classroom. Unit 8：倒装句 There is a zoo in my neighborhood. Unit 2,Unit 3,Unit 5,Unit 9,Unit 11,Unit 12:特殊疑问句。 | 八年级上册： Unit 7:There will be more people. There will be more pollution. Unit 8:First,peel the bananas. Next, put the bananas in the blender. Then, pour the milk into the blender. Finally, turn on the blender. 八年级下册： Unit 3:For one week, she did not do any housework and neither did I. 九年级： Unit 2 :What fun the Water Festival is! How fantastic the dragon boat teams were! " 一、陈述句和疑问句 1.陈述句 用来陈述一个事实或表达说话者看法的句子叫“陈述句”，句末用句号表示句子的陈述结束。陈述句分为肯定句和否定句。 (1)肯定句的基本结构：“主语+谓语+宾语”。例如：I play basketball after school. (2)否定句又分为完全否定和部分否定。

简单句与复合句相互转换 1. We didn’t go out for a walk because it was raining. （变为简单句） We didn’t go out for a walk _______ _______ the rain. 2. He was so excited that he couldn‘t go to sleep. （变为简单句） He was _______ _______ _______ go to sleep. 3. I don‘t know when we will begin the work. （变为简单句） I don‘t know _______ _______ _______ the work. 4. You must finish all the work before you go to bed. （变为简单句） You must finish all the work _______ _______ to bed. 5. He got up early in order that he could catch the early bus. （变为简单句） He got up early _______ _______ _______ catch the early bus. 6. We all expect him to come to the party. （变为复合句） We all expect _______ _______ _______ come to the party. 7. We ca n’t decide where to go. （变为复合句） We can’t decide _______ _______ _______ go. 8. Please tell me when to leave for the front. （变为复合句） Please tell me _______ we _______ leave for the front. 9. Now I will show you how to do the work. （变为复合句） Now I will show you _______ _______ _______ do the work. 10. You should put them back after you use them. （变为复合句） You should put them back _______ _______ them. 11. Does the shop close at six every day? Do you know?（两句合并为一句） Do you know ___ the shop ____ at six every day? 12. The question isn't easy enough for them to answer.（改为复合句） The question is ______ that they ___ .

简单句、并列句、复合句（习题） 一、单项选择 ( )1.—______ will the supper be ready? I’m very hungry. —In a minute. A. How soon B. How long C. How much D. How often ( )2.—Few well-known singers came to the concert, did they? —______, such as Andy Lau, Jay Chou and Kristy Zhang. A. No, they didn’t B. Yes, they did C. No, they did D. Yes, they didn’t ( )3.______ kind and helpful to the people around us, and we will make the world a nicer place to live in. A. Be B. Being C. To be D. Been ( )4.—Tom, come out and join us! —______ till I finish what I ______, OK? A. Wait; do B. Waiting; do C. Waiting; am doing D. Wait; am doing ( )5.Guan Dong saved an old lady out of the Yangtze River. _______ great courage he showed! A. What a B. What C. How a D. How ( )6.—The passenger ship Eastern Star capsized (倾覆) in the Yangtze River on the evening of June 1st. —_____ bad news! Can we do something to help with the rescue (救援)? A. What a B. What C. How a D. How ( )7.Look at the man over there. _____he is! A. How tall B. How a tall C. What a tall D. What tall ( )8.—Finish your homework ______ you can’t play computer games, Jim. —All right, Mum. A. but B. till C. and D. or ( )9.—Hello, Lily, you are busy. Can I give you a hand? —Thanks very much, ______ I can manage. A. and B. or C. so D. but ( )10.—Would you please give this newly-published novel to Jack? —Certainly. _____ he comes back. A. Before B. As soon as C. Until D. Unless

简单句、并列句与复合句之间的转换 审稿：白雪雁责编：张敏 句型转换是句子类别的转换，其目的在于检测学生运用各种句型的表达能力，才能在考试的评分中得到较高档次的分数。这就要求学生对所学的句子结构和词形的变化做到概念清楚，懂得各种句型如何转换，运用准确，这有利于提高英语口语和书面表达能力。 简单句与复合句之间的互变 很多复合句和简单句可以互变，意思上不发生太大的变化。在很多情况下，是将复合句里的从句变为一个短语。不论是主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句、定语从句还是状语从句，在一定的情况下都可以这样转换。 主语从句有时可以和短语互换，它既可以是不定式短语也可以是动名词短语。 (1) When and where we should hold the meeting is still to be discussed． →When and where to hold the meeting is still to be discussed． (2) It worried her a great deal that her son would stay up so late． →Her son’s staying up so late worried her a great deal． (3) What we had to do was to stand there，trying to catch the offender． →We had to stand there to catch the offender． 表语从句有时可以和短语互换，与它互换的可以是不定式短语和动名词短语。 My idea is that we should do it right now． →My idea is to do it fight now． 在某些动词的后面宾语从句可以和一个动名词短语或不定式短语互换． (1) I regret that I had told you the secret． →I regret telling you the secret． (3) They don’t know whether they shall carry out the old plan or not． →They don’t know whether to carry out the old plan or not． 个别的同位语从句也可以和一个短语互换。 The news that we are invited to the conference is very encouraging． →The news of our being invited to the conference is very encouraging 有些定语从句可以和一个不定式短语，分词短语或介词短语互换。 (1) Can those who are seated at the back of the classroom hear me? →Can those seated at the back of the classroom hear me? (2) What are the most important measures we should take? →What are the important measures to be taken? (3) The young man who was in the possession of the firm was at a desk． →The young man in the possession of the firm was at a desk． 状语从句和短语互换的情形很多，常用分词短语来替代状语从句，表示时间、原因、条件。用不定式短语来替代状语从句，表示目的、结果、原因；另外介词短语可以和表示时间、原因、条件、让步等状语从句互换。

学习英语语法需要掌握三方面的内容：形式、意义、用法。 一、引入： 英语的句子结构非常有规律。 完整的句子结构都是由两部分组成：“陈述对象+陈述内容”。 陈述对象一般是名词或相当于名词的成分来充当，即主语；陈述内容是说明主语怎么了，用动词来表达，即谓语。所以，一个完整的英语句子就是：“主语+谓语”。 主语和谓语确定一个句子的基本骨架结构，但意思往往还不完整，需在动词后面接其他成分，这就由谓语动词决定。动词决定一个句子是否有宾语，或有几个宾语，或是否需要补足语以及状语。所以，谓语动词决定了一个句子的骨架结构。 启示： 1、分析复杂难句结构时，首先要找到句子的谓语，包括主句的谓语和各个从句的谓语； 2、写句子时，一定要知道谓语动词的用法特点，如该动词后面是否能接宾语，接什么形式（不定式还是动名词等）的宾语，这些问题都由谓语动词决定。 所以，在下列进行分析中，一定要注意每一种句型的谓语动词特点。 简单句的五种基本句型（分析动词后面是否有宾语和补语） 主语+系动词+表语 主语+谓语（vi） 主语+谓语（vt）+宾语 主语+谓语（vt）+间接宾语+直接宾语 主语+谓语（vt）+宾语+宾语补足语 二、句型一：主语+系动词+表语 He is a student. He is a boy. The easy way may be to run a lawnmowe r. The yard looks fine for a while. The first solution appeared easy. The second solution was not so easy. 该句型的谓语动词是系动词（liking verb）（如be或其他系动词）。系动词，又叫连系动词，这种动词没有具体的动作，只是起连接主语和后面成分的作用。这种动词后面所接的成分是用来说明主语的特点，表明主语的性质特征，故被称为主语补足语或表语（能表示主语特征的成分）。 英语中的系动词主要有四大类： 1、单纯表示主语的特征、状态的，这类系动词有feel,look,sound,taste,smell,seem 和appear等。 The rose doesn’t smell much. The iron feels hot. 2、表示主语由一种状态转变为另一种状态的，这类系动词有become,grow,get,turn,fall,go和come等。

高中英语练习题------简单句,并列句,复合句 选择填空： 1. I don’t suppose anyone will volunteer, _____ ? A. do I B. don’t I C. will they D. won’t they 2. _____ help if you can, and our country will improve more quickly and better. A. Giving B. Give C. Given D. To give 3. Lucy, you wash the dishes, _____ ? Mom, can’t Lily do it? It’s her turn to do it. A. don’t you B. can you C. shall you D. will you 4. I will not take an umbrella with me today. -- _____ it rains later on in the day? A. How B. What C. How about D. What if 5. Y ou ought to stay up late tonight, _____ you? Y es. I’ve got too much homework. A. can’t B. shouldn’t C. mustn’t D. won’t 6. Nothing can stop us from serving the people heart and soul, _____? A. can it B. can’t it C. can they D. can’t they 7. There used to be a church in the small town, _____? A. used there B. usedn’t there C. used it D. usedn’t it 8. She isn’t your neig hbour, is she? _____ . A. Y es, she isn’t B. No, she is C. Y es, she is D. No, isn’t she 9. _____ to be a PLA soldier when I was young. -- And now you are. A. How I wanted B. How did I want C. What I wanted D. What did I want 10. Recently I bought an ancient Chinese vase, _____ was very reasonable. A. which price B. the price of which C. its price D. the price of that 11. After ten years, she changed a lot and looked different from _____ she used to be. A. that B. whom C. what D. who 12. _____ is known to everyone, the moon travels round the earth once every month. A. It B. As C. That D. What 13. He’s got himself into a dangerous situation _____ h e is likely to lose control over the plane. A. where B. which C. while D. why 14. Information has been put forward _____ more middle school graduates will be admitted into universities. A. while B. that C. when D. as 15. What the doctors really doubt is _____ my mother will recover from the serious disease soon. A. when B. how C. whether D. what 16. The students of the music school study _____ . A. music but also some other subjects B. some other subjects as well as music C. music as well as some other subjects D. some other subjects and music 17. _____ air is to man, so is water to fish. A. Since B. Just C. Like D. As 18. There is plenty of rain in the south _____ there is little in the north. A. while B. as C. when D. so

简单句、并列句和复合句 (一)句子种类两种分类法 1、按句子的用途可分四种: 1)陈述句(肯定、否定):He is six years old; She didn't hear of you before. 2)疑问句(一般、特殊、选择、反意): Do they like skating? How old is he? Is he six or seven years old? Mary can swim, can't she? 3)祈使句:Be careful, boys; Don't talk in class 4)感叹句:How clever the boy is! 2、按句子的结构可分三种: 1)简单句:只有一个主语(或并列主语)和一个谓语(或并列谓语)。 e.g. He often reads English in the morning. Tom and Mike are American boys. She likes drawing and often draws pictures for the wall newspapers. 2) 并列句:由并列连词(and, but, or等)或分号(;)把两个或两个以上的简单句连在一起构成。 e.g. You help him and he helps you. 3)复合句:含有一个或一个以上从句的句子。主从复合句即是复杂句 复合句包含:名词性从句(主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句)、定语从句和状语从句等。 e.g. The foreign visitors took a lot of pictures when they were at the Great Wall. (二)简单句的五种基本句型 1、主语+系动词+表语:e.g. He is a student. 2、主语+不及物动词:e.g. We work. 3、主语+及物动词+宾语:e.g. Henry bought a dictionary. 4、主语+及物动词+双宾语(间接宾语+直接宾语):e.g. My father bought me a car. 5、主语+及物动词+复合宾语(宾语+宾补):e.g. Tom made the baby laugh. 注:其他各种句子都可由这一种基本句型扩展、变化或省略而构成。 (三)并列句的分类 1、表示连接两个同等概念,常用and, not only…but also…, neither…nor…, then等连接。 e.g. The teacher's name is Smith, and the student's name is John. 2、表示选择,常用的连词有or, either…or…, otherwise等。 e.g. Hurry up, or you'll miss the train. 3、表示转折,常用的连词有but, still, however, yet, while, when等。 e.g. He was a little man with thick glasses, but he had a strange way of making his classes lively and interesting. 4、表示因果关系,常用的连词有so, for, therefore等。 e.g. August is the time of the year for rive harvest, so every day I work from dawn until dark. (四)高考考点探讨 1、简单句的五大句型是最基本的句型。虽然近几年单纯考查这种基础句型的题不多,但是在阅读中有时需借助于划分句子成分去理解,在书面表达中,没有最基本的遣词造句的能力是不可能用地道的英语句子来表达清楚的。 2、祈使句、反意疑问句和感叹句是高考命题的热点之一。有时把祈使句与反意疑问句结合于一体来考查。