英语四级议论文写作辅导

英语四级议论文写作辅导

1．议论文的格式：

议论文的格式应由三个部分组成：<1> 立论部分；<2> 论证部分；<3> 结论部分。一般说来，议论文可分三个基本段落来写：第一段引出话题；第二段立论且加以论证；第三段给出明确的结论。第二段是中心段落，应试者应将主要的内容放在第二段中，同时也要注意开篇及结尾段落的完整性，且应尽量做到首尾呼应，切忌前后矛盾。

2．段落的统一性及语篇的连贯性

（1）段落的统一性

英语段落有一大特点，即一个段落只涉及一个主题（甚至只是一个主题的某个方面）。段落中的一个句子点出主题并说明作者对该主题的看法，而其它所有句子都是为展开该主题而给出的事实、例证、推理，它们与主题紧密相关。段落中不应有一个与主题无关的句子。英文段落的这种各个句子与主题的关联性被称作段落的统一性。请看以下两例：

(1)

Birds build their nests in all kinds of places. Some are high in trees, on the sides of buildings or on the top of hills while others on the ground, in fields or by stream banks. Birds also use various nesting materials to build their nests, including sticks, mud, stones, grass and so on. Some birds are able to change to be suitable for different conditions. They’ll build their nests wherever they can find a spot and use whatever materials they can find. But other birds will build their nests only in certain places and use only certain materials.

（2）语篇的连贯性

英语议论文的段落多采取直线展开式，即段落开始直接切入主题，并给出事实、例证、推理等。英语议论文段落这种展开方式是形成其语篇连贯的基础。语篇的连贯是指段落中各句的意义通过某种有序的排列（如时间顺序、因果顺序、逻辑顺序等）而相互关联。在论述该段落主题的时候，每后一个句子都是建立在前面一个句子的基础之上的。如果去掉段落中的一个句子，这种连贯便会受到影响，就会造成读者在理解上的困难。

3．议论文中心段落的主题句及其论据、议论文中常用的词句与短语

（1）议论文中心段落的主题句及其论据

一篇议论文能否获得高分与其中心段落主题句的质量不无关联，而主题句质量的高低则又取决于审题的好坏和论据的选择（即所选的论据在逻辑性、说理性、准确性及与主题内容的关联性等方面是否都经得起推敲）。需要明确的是，中心段落只应有两个组成部分：段落的主题句和支持主题句的论据。

段落的主题句也应有两个部分组成，即：主题句=主题+作者对主题的看法或态度，两者缺一不可。假设应试者被要求写一篇有关吸烟的议论文，那么SMOKING 就是中心段落的主题。请看下面这个主题句：

Smoking is a habit of many men.

该主题句暴露出两个问题：（1）作者审题不清；（2）作者没有表明对主题的看法或态度。

一般说来，议论文要求应试者阐明自己对某问题的看法或态度。因此当我们拿到议论文的题目以后，要认真审题，权衡某事的利与弊，然后确定我们的立场。

如何构建段落的主题句呢？

拿到议论文的题目以后，经认真审题后，用英文列出你所能想起的与主题有关的例证。我们还用吸烟这个话题为例：

SMOKING

1．Smoking can cause such a disease as lung cancer.

2．Reports say that merely 3 grams of nicotine can kill a large animal.

3．Exp erts say that smoking one cigarette can reduce one’s life by about 15 minutes and that chain smoking is even more hazardous.

4．Smoking after a meal can also disturb one’s digestive system.

5．Heavy smoking can seriously affect an adult’s sexuality.

6．Smoking does harm to second-hand smokers as well.

7．Smoking makes one’s mouth smell.

8．The life expectancy of smokers is shorter than that of nonsmokers.

9．Smoking in bed may cause fire..

(2)

Smoking is a bad habit that does a lot of harm to human health. Cigarette smoking does great harm to human health. In many cases, cigarette has proved to be the direct cause of such a fatal disease as cancer-hence its nickname, "Cancer Stick". Experts say that smoking one cigarette can reduce one’s life by about 15 minutes and that chain smoking is far more hazardous. Recent findings of medical research show that even a tiny drop of nicotine (about 3 grams in weight) can kill a large animal like a horse. Some medical reports have also proved that heavy smoking would se riously affect an adult’s sexuality, and smoking after a meal also disturbs one’s digestive system. Cigarette smoking not only jeopardizes the physical health of a smoker, it also affects the health of a nonsmoker who passively inhales the polluted air into his or her lungs when he or she is exposed to a winding shroud of cigarette smoke. The impact on such passive smokers (also called second-hand smokers), according to the experts in the medical field, can be even more damaging, and that is why smoking is usually prohibited in most public places. (196 words)

（2）议论文中常用的词句与短语

一．数据对比用语：

1. … are similar in their range of indicators

2. …cause / lead to a rapid / slow increase / decrease in the number / amount of…

3. …cause …to drop…

4. …climb dramatically from…to…

5. …constitutes about…percent …

6. …continue to rise / fall…

7. …continue to widen / shorten…

8. …declines to less than …percent.

9. …drop / fall to as many / much / little as…

10. …fall / rise / increase / decrease dramatically

11. …fluctuates between…

12. …grow only marginally from…to…

13. …increase / decrease slowly

14. …increase/ decrease lightly

15. …is doubled

16. …is inversely proportional to…

17. …is significantly lower / higher than…

18. …lead to an increased number / amount of…

19. …level off / remain constant at…

20. …lower the percentage of …

21. …maintain approximately the same number of…

22. …narrow down to…

三．连词：

1. accordingly

2. additionally

3. also

4. besides

5. but

6. furthermore

7. however

8. in addition

9. moreover

10. nevertheless

11. on the contrary

12. so

13. therefore

14. thus

15. what’s more

16. yet

17. despite…

18. in spite of…

19. otherwise

20. instead of

21. alternatively

四．归纳用语:

1. above all

2. all in all

3. most importantly

4. worst of all

5. as a result

6. briefly

7. consequently

8. eventually

9. finally

10. generally

11. in conclusion

12. in general

13. in summary

14. to end with

15. to sum up

16. in brief

五．表示顺序用语：

1.first / second / third/ fourth…

2.first of all

3.firstly / secondly / thirdly/ fourthly…

4.for one thing / for another

10.in the first / second / third place

https://www.sodocs.net/doc/ef18495832.html,st / last of all

https://www.sodocs.net/doc/ef18495832.html,st but not least

https://www.sodocs.net/doc/ef18495832.html,stly

14.next

15.on the one hand/ on the other hand

16.then

17.to conclude

19.to end with

20.to start with / to begin with

六．表示个人观点用语：

1.I think…

2.In my opinion,

3.I personally think…

4.I am for the opinion that…

5.To my knowledge…

6.To my understanding…

7.As I see it,

8.For my own part,

9. My opinion is that…

10. As for me…

11. As far as I am concerned…

12. From where I stand…

13. I believe…

14. I consider…

15. I hold the opinion…

16. I maintain that…

17. I’d like to point out that

18. in my point of view…

19. My feeling is that…

20. personally I agree / disagree…

4．针对有关话题持正、反论点的议论文范文对照

Should Women be Regarded as Inferior to Men?

(1)

I never think that women should be treated as the second -class citizens. Observing objectively, you’ll find that women have succeeded in virtually any existing occupation you care to name: politicians, soldiers, doctors, university professors, lawyers, business executives, scientists and even presidents of countries. Today’s intense competition in jobs is not only between men, but also between men and the ’weaker sex’, who have often put men to shame in almost every field. Yet men refuse to acknowledge them and give women their due, and their attitude towards women becomes even more hostile. The only sound explanation for this is that men shun (回避，躲避) real competition- they are afraid of being beaten.

Many women complain that they look inferior because they have never been offered equal opportunities in jobs. This may have been true in the long past, but not now. The fact is that jobs are open to both sexes, but it is almost impossible for women to be wives, mothers and successful career women all at once. Actually most women are glad to let men support their families. They know that bearing and rearing children are more important. And that is why men outnumber women in practically every kind of job. They are not excluded。they exclude themselves. (299 words)

Should World Governments Conduct Serious Campaigns Against Smoking?

(1)

Cigarette smoking has been jeopardizing human health for centuries ever since an English nobleman brought tobacco from the New World back to England and people everywhere in the world have been puffing their way to smoky and cancerous death.

Medical findings have long proved that there is a close link between smoking and bronchial troubles, heart disease and lung cancer because of the many harmful ingredients in the tobacco. Yet the governments of most countries pretend to be blind to the lethal effect of tobacco: the answer lies with money. Cigarette smokers are big tax payers. Levying a tax on your cigarettes is just like levying a tax on your daily bread.

2)

When people suggest that governments should do something to ban cigarette smoking altogether, I do not think they are being serious. It is absurd to suggest we ban it after several hundred years, especially when you think of the possible consequences brought about by such banning. Banning cigarette smoking would endanger the survival of many related businesses and industries: tobacco growers, cigarette-making factories, retail businesses. Tax apart, tobacco industry is an important source of income even to developed countries.

After all, smoking is not so bad as it seems when you look at the benefits it brings.

First, it is manly to smoke. The unique charm a cigarette smoker holds could not be achieved otherwise. Second, smoking makes social contact easier, particularly when one meets a stranger. Third, a cigarette works like a dream when you take one after long hours of reading or writing, or after a tiring job-the soothing effect it creates is simply beyond description. Those who are against smoking often ignore the fact that smoking can relieve stresses of a long working day.

I do not mean that smoking does no harm to people’s health. However, in a society that advocates freedom, individuality and democracy each individual should be entitled to decide whether he quits smoking or not。banning goes against democracy.

Many women complain that they look inferior because they have never been offered equal opportunities in jobs. This may have been true in the long past, but not now. The fact is that jobs are open to both sexes, but it is almost impossible for women to be wives, mothers and successful career women all at once. Actually most women are glad to let men support their families. They know that bearing and rearing children are more important. And that is why men outnumber women in practically every kind of job. They are not excluded。they exclude themselves. (299 words)

Should World Governments Conduct Serious Campaigns Against Smoking?

(1)

Cigarette smoking has been jeopardizing human health for centuries ever since an English nobleman brought tobacco from the New World back to England and people everywhere in the world have been puffing their way to smoky and cancerous death.

Medical findings have long proved that there is a close link between smoking and bronchial troubles, heart disease and lung cancer because of the many harmful ingredients in the tobacco. Yet the governments of most countries pretend to be blind to the lethal effect of tobacco: the answer lies with money. Cigarette smokers are big tax payers. Levying a tax on your cigarettes is just like levying a tax on your daily bread.

初中英语议论文写作指导 英语议论文的结构一般较为固定，通常包括以下三部分： 1. 在导语部分提出需要议论的议题; 2. 在正文部分对所提出的问题进行议论; 3. 在结论部分对以上的讨论进行总结和归纳。 写议论文要考虑论点，考虑用什么作论据来证明，怎样来论证，然后得出结论。它可以是先提出一个总论点，然后分别进行论述，分析各个分论点，最后得出结论;或者先引述一个故事，一段对话，或描写一个场面，再一层一层地从事实中分析出道理，归纳引申出一个新的结论;也可以在文章开头先提出一个人们关心的问题，然后一一作答，逐层深入;还可以把两个不同事物以对立的方式提出来加以比较、对照，然后得出结论。在具体写作中要注意下列几点： 1. 议题的提出要开门见山，不要拖泥带水。 2. 议论时可以采用不同的方法。如：可以摆出正反两方面观点，进行对比;也可引经据典论证作者自己观点的正确性，从而使读者接受自己的观点;亦可提出一种错误的观点然后论证其错误，最终提出正确的观点。正文部分是写作的重点，论证方法可用归纳法、推理法、比较法等。 3. 在结论部分必须表明作者的观点，对讨论的问题做出总结。 4. 注意连接词和过渡词等词语的使用，以增强文章的条理性和逻辑性。常用的过渡词和连接词包括：first, second, third, finally, in addition, furthermore, besides, what was worse, more importantly, in contrast, because, since, now that, therefore，consequently，in that case, as a result/consequence, in conclusion, to sum up等等 感谢您的阅读，祝您生活愉快。

大学英语四级写作技巧简介 大学英语四级写作技巧简介 之一——文章结构 英文写作一直是学生们的弱项，四级考试将近，大家都很担心写作问题，在此我先简单介绍一下文章的结构问题，以后再谈其他方面。 四级写作一般以三段式展开，题目要求中通常包含三个要点，每个要点为一段（记住，一定要分段），第一段提出问题，第二段分析问题，第三段解决问题。以历年的真题为例，2006年12月的题目为spring festival gala on cctv，要求：1。许多人喜欢看春节晚会；2。但有些人提出取消春节晚会；3。我的看法。“喜欢看春节晚会”是正常现象，应该作为问题的开端进行简短介绍，“有些人提出取消春节晚会”才是重点，必须给出相应的篇幅做详细阐述。最后表明我的观点，其实就是问作者的态度及解决这个矛盾的方法。又如2006年6月的题目：an announcement for a voluntary program, 要求：1。校学生会组织一次暑假志愿活动现招募志愿者；2。本次志愿活动的目的、内容及安排；3。报名条件和联系方式。这仍是三段式的结构，第一段提出问题——告之大家会举办一次暑假志愿活动，第二段描述问题——介绍志愿活动的相关信息，第三段解决问题

——怎样加入志愿活动（报名信息）。往年还考过写简历，写演讲稿，论述社会现象等题目，总是跳不出三段式，因此学生们必须掌握如何写三段式作文。 总的来说有三点要注意：1。开篇就得点题。文章字数有限，必须采取开门见山的方法，但开篇点题并不是说第一段第一句话就得提出问题，在这之前可以有所修饰，有导入的成分，但不要太长，一般第三句就得清楚、突出地把问题点出来。2。中间段阐述必须清楚。中间段是全文的核心部分，要做到阐述清楚，论证充分，要有一致性、连贯性和条理性。一般由主题句和扩展句组成，主题句是观点的高度浓缩，应该言简意赅；扩展句是对主题句的详细阐述，应该做到理由充分，内容一致。3。结尾段进行总结，并提出解决问题的方法。最后的总结在观点上可以重申但不可以重复，另外结尾一定要有所升华，不能仍停留在对问题的描述上，既然存在问题，就必须想办法解决。 至于如何开端、如何论述、如何结尾的问题，大家敬请期待下一回吧！当然我不会让大家久等的:) 写作能力无法一口气提高，大家必须在平时勤修苦练。 之二——突出主题 well begun is a half done，如何开头是值得注意的问题，它能确定

腿英语四级作文万能句子精选 薈（一）段首句 蒅1. 关于……人们有不同的观点。一些人认为…… 芀There are different opinions among people as to ____ .Some people suggest that ____. 袈2. 俗话说（常言道）……，它是我们前辈的经历，但是，即使在今天，它在许多场合仍然适用。 蚈There is an old saying______. It"s the experience of our forefathers，however，it is correct in many cases even today. 蚂3. 现在，……，它们给我们的日常生活带来了许多危害。首先，……；其次，……。更为糟糕的是……。肂Today, ____, which have brought a lot of harms in our daily life. First, ____ Second,____. What makes things worse is that______. 蚇4. 现在，……很普遍，许多人喜欢……，因为……，另外（而且）……。 螇Nowadays，it is common to ______. Many people like ______ because ______. Besides，______. 肃5. 任何事物都是有两面性，……也不例外。它既有有利的一面，也有不利的一面。 蒀Everything has two sides and ______ is not an exception，it has both advantages and disadvantages. 蚀6. 关于……人们的观点各不相同，一些人认为（说）……，在他们看来，…… 螇People’s opinions about ______ vary from person to person. Some people say that ______.To them,_____. 蒄7. 人类正面临着一个严重的问题……，这个问题变得越来越严重。 膂Man is now facing a big problem ______ which is becoming more and more serious. 葿8. ……已成为人的关注的热门话题，特别是在年青人当中，将引发激烈的辩论。 袇______ has become a hot topic among people，especially among the young and heated debates are right on their way. 袅9. ……在我们的日常生活中起着越来越重要的作用，它给我们带来了许多好处，但同时也引发一些严重的问题。 蚀______ has been playing an increasingly important role in our day-to-day life.it has brought us a lot of benefits

2017年大学英语四级快速阅读技巧 2017年大学英语四级的3个试题特点 大学英语四级的试题特点1. 题干中的细节信息往往反映文章的主旨和段落主题。通过快速地阅读题干中的若干细节信息，考生可以迅速了解原文的主旨大意。 大学英语四级的试题特点2. 题干提供的细节信息中往往暗含一些说明文或议论文所必需的逻辑关系，考生可以利用这种关系预先对一些表达进行排序，这对于解答信息匹配题有着非常重要的意义。 大学英语四级的试题特点3. 提干提供的信息表达中通常包括如下三类：能够指示开头段的词，如overview, introduction, initiation, main idea, definition 等;能够指示结尾段的词，如future, solution, conclusion, suggestion, summary 等;能够帮助考生回原文定位的特殊词，如rate, ration, proportion, percentage, number, figure, statistical demographics 等。 4.有些试题题干中的细节信息往往会和原文的其他某一题目联系密切，考生可通过先解答原文的其他题目来获得解答题目的线索和提示性信息。 2017年英语四级快速阅读的6个解题技巧 快速阅读的解题技巧(1) 判定词性时可以重点分析动词的时态，即哪几个是一般时，哪几个是过去时又或者是过去分词。 因为根据样题，它对考生不做选项改写要求，所以我们可以根据上下文时态对应的原则，给自己进一步缩小选择范围。

如果选项中出现指代词时，往往该选项不能放在首句，要注意指代成立的条件。 快速阅读的解题技巧(3) 如果选项中出现一组反义词时，往往有一个是干扰选项，它注重考察的是对于文章框架结构的理解，要求考生理解整篇文章的语境色彩。 快速阅读的解题技巧(4) 如果选项中出现一组近义词时，往往也有一个是干扰选项，它注重考察的是词汇的精确理解，要求考生分析清楚其细微的区别。 快速阅读的解题技巧(5) 如果选项为连词时，要关注上下句内在的逻辑关系。常见的逻辑关系有：因果，并列平行，递进，强对比，前后意思一致等。 快速阅读的解题技巧(6) 要有总体观，不必按顺序作题。先把自己最有把握的词选出，然后删除该选项，为吃不准的选项缩小选择范围。 2017年快速判定英语四级文章主题3个技巧 快速判定主题的技巧(1) 读文章时重点关注文章的首段和首末句。按照西方人习惯性的思维方式和写作习惯，他们惯用的是演绎法：即文章一开始先扔出自己的核心观点，然后具体一步步论证。 根据统计，每一段的第一句、第二句和最后一句话为本段的主题句的概率分别为50%、20%、20%，三句话成为主题句的概率超过九成，当然也就成为我们阅读的重中之重。

最牛英语口语培训模式：躺在家里练口语，全程外教一对一，三个月畅谈无阻！ 洛基英语，免费体验全部在线一对一课程：https://www.sodocs.net/doc/ef18495832.html,/ielts/xd.html（报名网址） 导读：英语四级写作常出现的问题，及解决办法，熟悉英语写作的几个重要概念，学会遣词造句，词汇的准确性，当不会写，或者写不好的时候，要想写好作文，题材不同，思路不同...... “折戟沉沙铁为消，自将磨洗认前朝。”每次大学英语四级考试，许多考生总会在这场“无硝烟的战斗”中饱受煎熬。他们总会存在这样一个问题，四级考试为什么这么难，什么原因导致自己总是通不过四级考试，又该如何提高英语成绩，如何通过大学英语四级考试(CET-4)。特别是对于很多学艺术的同学而言，能否顺利通过四级考试将直接关系到他们的保研资格与前途。针对以上问题，我特意写了这篇文章，通过教学与实践，对考生存在的问题以及解决方法作全面地解剖，希望对各位考生能够有所帮助。 四级考试从1987年以来已经走过了23个年头。2006年6月实行新四级考试，12月份开始全国将全面推行新四级考试。对于新四级考试，我们可以清楚地看到，虽然考试难度较之以前有所偏易，但是考试本身对于英语的全面考察却是加强了。来源：上考试大网校，考试轻松过关 新四级考试，题型分为写作、快速阅读、听力、基本阅读、选词填空、完型填空和汉译英。就我个人而言，写作、听力和阅读(快速阅读和基础阅读)是重点，因此考生对于这三部分的得分多少，将直接决定着其考试分数的高低。 下面就让我们依次来解析一下。 第一、写作。 (一)存在问题 1.不会写 所谓不会写指的是，当考试拿过一篇文章不知如何下手，不知如何提笔进行写作。笔者认为主要是存在以下两个原因：一是考生的确无话可说;二是心里虽然有话，但是拿捏不准该写哪句为妙。于是思前想后、犹豫不决，始终不敢提笔进行写作。 2.写不好 所谓写不好就是，拿过作文题，没有明确的写作思路，不按套路出牌;或是简单汉语逻辑思维写作，不符合英语写作标准，近而没有文采。原因在于：第一是平时没有养成良好的写作习惯;第二对于英语写作的句式特点以及整体文章结构框架不了解。

高考英语议论文写作指导 议论文通过议论或说理来表达作者的见解和主张. 作者对某一问题持有一种看法,为了使读者同意自己的看法,提出若干理由,企图说服他人. 议论文的写作步骤: 1. 引言(introduction)．由于英语作文受时间.字数的限制．因此，审清题意之后在引言段中作者就必须简单解释要讨论的问题，并明白地亮出自己的观点，如提倡什么，支持什么，反对什么． 2. 主体段（main body）．主体段是议论的过程，作者必须有足够的证据（adequate proofs）来论证自己的观点．一般可提出一个或两个proofs, 并对此用一两句话分别进行阐述． 3. 结论（conclusion）．结论段可以用一两句话来结束文章．同时要注意与引言段呼应，但不能照搬前面的原话． 议论文的写作要点： 1．观点鲜明．一个明确的中心论点． 2．层次分明．一个中心论点通常有几个分论点支持，不同层次之间要分明，过渡清晰自然． 3．最后一段总结，得出结论． 4．时态：一般用一般现在时． 5. 语言简洁有力，一般不采用口语． 议论文的三要素: 论点是作者在文章中提出的对某一个问题或某一类事件的看法、观点、主张，它要求要正确、鲜明、有针对性。一篇议论文只能有一个中心论点。议题的提出要开门见山，不要拖泥带水，一般在开头提出，然后加以论证。 论据是证明论点正确的证据，要想证明论点的正确，首先，论据必须让人觉得真实、可信，能够充分证明论点。其次，论据要具有典型性，能收到“以一当十”的效果。第三，论据要新颖，尽可能寻找一些新鲜的、能给人以新的感受和启示的论据。一般是以事实为论据，也可以利用成语，格言，名人名言作为论据。 论证是议论文中必不可少的部分。一段完整的议论，只有通过论证证明论据和论点之间的内在逻辑关系，才能将论据和论点融为一体，也才能构成一篇完整的、有说服力的文章。 议论文的类型: ①“一分为二”的观点。从两方面去分析一个问题，然后阐述自己的观点。 ②“两者选一”的观点。分析两种事物的优劣势，阐述自己的观点。 ③“我认为……”型。阐述对某一事物的客观看法，如“你对课外阅读的看法。 ④“怎样……（how to）”型。分析怎样解决一个问题，如“怎样克服学习中碰到的困难”。 ⑤看图（表）作文。通过阅读图表中的数字与项目得出一个结论或形成一种看法。 一) “一分为二”观点的议论文模式 Introduction 第1段:Nowadays more and more people…________________/…plays an important part in…________________ like everything else___________,…has/have both favorable and unfavorable aspects/both advantages and disadvantages____________________. Generally, the favorable aspects/advantages can be listed as follows. ____________________ Main body 第2段:Firstly,… Secondly,…In addition_________/What’s more… _____________ 第3段: Every coin has two sides. ________________The negative aspects/disadvantages are also

范例一 For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition on the topic: Attend Your Classes Regularly。You should write at least 120 words following the outline given below in Chinese. 1. 现在大学校园里，迟到、早退、旷课是常见的现象 2. 保证学生的出勤率对大学教育的重要性 3. 作为一个大学生应该怎样做 Attend Your Classes Regularly Nowadays it is a very common phenomenon that some university students are late for or even absent from classes. And still there are some students who slip out of the classroom before the class is over. Class attendance has become a thorny problem to both the students and teachers. In fact, it is very important for the students to attend their classes regularly. First, it will ensure you to catch up with the teachers in your learning. That is very helpful to you if you want to do a good job in your study. Second, attending classes regularly is a way of showing respect to your teachers ,too. Your teachers will feel bad if the students do not attend their classes, which, in turn, will affect their teaching and be no good for the students. Third, attending classes regularly will help to form a good habit of punctuality, which is of great importance for the students to do a good job in the future. Therefore, we university students should form the good habit of attending our classes regularly from now on. And some day we’ll benefit from it. 点评：2008年元月三日，中山大学博士发帖称遭导师虐待；2008年元月四日，中国政法大学爆“杨帆门”事件；近几年，中小学老师或打学生或猥亵学生、体罚学生等各类新闻不断曝光，进而引发了师生关系的大讨论。本范例题为四级考试传统的问题解决型的写作，与校园生活密切相关。 范例二 For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition on the topic: Students’ Rating of Their Teachers。You should write at least 120 words following the outline given below in Chinese. 1. 学生给老师打分已经普遍 2. 人们对其持不同态度 3. 我的看法 Students’ Rating of Their Teachers Nowadays, it has become as common in colleges and universities for students to grade teachers as for teachers to grade students. In some universities students’ rating has even become the only source of information on teaching effectiveness.. This, however, has caused great controversy. Some are in favor of the rating system, They hold that since students attend the teachers’ classes every day, they should have their opinion

大学英语四级快速阅读技巧 15分钟做完，先看小标题（现只看2-3个，多了也记不住），再通过1-7 小题的题干的名词、动词找出原句来做， 特别注意： 做题顺序，先看文章标题，直到文章主要内容，然后看第一小题，在小题部分的定位词先圈出来，在回原文找。找到第一小题后，再看第二小题。看一个题，作一个；不要把文章看完再做题，或题看完再读文章。 特别注意：比较容易定位的词是： A. 不能用中心思想词定位，因为整篇文章都说的是它。 B. 时间、数字、地点、大写字母的单词容易定位。 C. 比较长，难的名词容易定位，好找。 D. 定位词找2-3个就行，多了也记不住。最好是位置不同的两个词。 一般判断N0和NG的标准如下: NO题: (l)信息与原文相反 (2)将原文信息张冠李戴 (3)将原文中不确定的或未经证实的内容作为正确的或客观的来表述 (4)改变原文的条件、范围、频率、可能性等 NG题: (l)无中生有 (2)以个别代替整体，即将原文所举例子的特殊现象推广为普遍现象 (3)随意比较原文中提到的两个事物 (4)将原文具体化，即题目中涉及的范围小于原文涉及的范围 (5)原文中作者或某个人物的目标、目的、愿望、誓言等内容，在题目中作为客观事实陈述 Promote Learning and Skills for Young People and Adults This goal places the emphasis on the learning needs of young people and adults in the context of lifelong learning. It calls for fair access to learning programs that are appropriate, and mentions life skills particularly.

英语议论文的格式_写作指导 英语议论文的格式 一、英语议论文写作要点议论文通过议论或说理来表达作者见解和主张.作者对某一问题持有一种看法,为了使读者同意自己的看法,提出若干理由,企图说服他人.高中英语议论文的写作要注意以下要点: 1. 论点要鲜明、确切．一篇议论文只能有一个中心论点．论点一般在开头提出，然后加以论证． 2. 论据要充分、可靠．一般是以事实为论据，也可以利用成语，格言，名人名言作为论据． 3. 论证要严密、得法．归纳法（induction）和演绎法（deduction）是议论文常用的论证方法．归纳法的例子为基础，从几个例子和现象中，归纳出某种道理和看法．例如：报纸是一种媒体（medium ），人们可以从中得到现代信息；电视是一种媒体，人们也可以从中获得信息；广播也是媒体，人们同样可以从中获得现代信息．因此我们可以得出结论，其他媒体，如网络等，一定会给人们信息．演绎法以一个或多个看法为基础，从一般论断，演绎到不同事例，再加以论述，最后再回到一般论断上来．例如：所有的媒体都可以给人们提供信息，网络是媒体，因此人们可以从网络中获得信息．在归纳中要注意使用的例子要充分，不能以点概面．如：（课本高二上p81）：i borrowed a book from the library last week .it was very boring and difficult .i read only ten pages. therefore, i think that all library books are useless.评注: it does not have a logical argument .the writer dislike one library book, but not all library books are the same. the writer should not make a general statement (all library books are useless) based on his reactions to one single book.二、议论文的写作步骤: 1. 引言(introduction)．由于英语作文受时间，字数的限制．因此，在引言段中作者就必须简单解释要讨论的问题，并明白地亮出自己的观点，如提倡什么，支援什么，反对什么． 2. 主体段（main body）．主体段是议论的过程，作者必须有足够的证据．（adequate proofs）来论证自己的观点．一般可提出一个或两个proofs, 并对此用一两句话分别进行阐述． 3. 结论（conclusion）．结论段可以用一两句话来结束文章．同时要注意与引言段呼应，但不能照搬前面的原话．例：课本高二上p78 第一封信tutorial center is helpful.i have studied at a tutorial center for two years. my command of english has improved considerably since i started this course.at my center, the fees are reasonable. my tutors are qualified teachers. i have been helped a lot by them. they are sincere and kind.one of my teachers was british. at first, i could not say anything to her. but later i learned how to communicate in english with a westerner.i think that the tutorial center has given me a lot of confidence in using english.评注: 第一段提出论点, 体现家教中心是helpful(段划线部分) ,主体段分别从几个方面(划线部分)来阐述家教中心的确有帮助,结论段重申家教中心的作用(划线部分),且语句表达与第一段中的不重复.三、议论文的写作模式共5页，当前第1页12345英语议论文的格式相关内容:写总结的格式 大家知道，凡事是需要秩序，需要纪律的。总结的写作格式非常重要，如果说我们对总结的要求是对军人的要求，格式就像军人的着装，有些凌乱，就不是一个合格的军人。所以同志们应当重视总结的格式，它是总结优秀的前提。 洽商函的格式 1、函的概念、特点函是不隶属机关相互商洽工作、询问和答复问题；或者向有关主管部门请求批准事项时所使用的公文。函作为公文中唯一的一种平行文种，其适用的范围相当广泛。书信大赛的格式 书信的格式例文（_表示空格）敬爱的××(或亲爱的等）：＿＿您好！＿＿（正

问题解决型议论文 *写作模式： 1. 提出问题现象 2. 分析问题产生的原因 3. 提出解决方法或期望 *常用句型 问题陈述部分 1. Nowadays, … has become a serious problem we have to face. 2. With the development of modern industry, more and more people are concerned about the problem of… 3. Recently, the problem of … has aroused/captured/drawn/caught worldwide attention. 4. Nowadays more and more people come to realize the importance of … 5. It is undeniable/There is no denying the fact that… has become the utmost concern among people nowadays. 原因分析部分 1. The reasons can be listed as follows. For one thing… For another… 2. It is no easy job to find out the reasons for the problem, which involves several different factors. On the one hand… On the other hand… Finally… 3. There are a variety of reasons for this phenomenon. One important reason is…What’s more… To make things worse,… 问题解决部分 1. People have figured out many ways to solve this problem. Firstly… Secondly… Finally…

大学英语四级考试中快速阅读的答题技巧 一：测试目的 快速阅读，顾名思义，它的目的在于测试考生单位时间当中的阅读量，其实四级对速度的考查是近几 年一直延续的一种结果。在2002年的时候，我们四级阅读平均每一篇文章阅读量是284个单词，2003年6月，每篇文章阅读量是300个单词。2005年一月份和六月份，平均阅读量是320到333个单词。这说明 一点，四级考试委员会对阅读速度这个能力早就有一个延续性的逐步的提高。同时，在解答题目方面，快 速阅读并不强调一定要像精读文章那样通篇认真研究，相反，快速阅读题目更强调测试考生在实践语言环 境中查询有效信息的能力，这也反映出四六级考试试图提升考生实际应用能力的改革方向。 二：测试形式 快速阅读要求考生在15分钟内完 成一篇1100字左右的文章和后面的10道题。前面7个题是判断正误（包括NOT GIVEN），后3个是填空题填根据阅读的理解，填三到四个单词（答案基本都是原文中出现的原词）。快速阅读的文章一般分为小标题+题目和无小标题+题目两种类型。这反映出四级考试从单纯的模仿托福的形式转向托福和雅思学习的融合。该题型需要通过略读和寻读法，乃至文章逻辑关系、标点符/号等方面的综合运用，实现对随后的题目有效的判断和填写。 三：基本要求 1.快速阅读的文章基本都是专业题材的文章，很多考生可能会觉得很陌生，但是对于CET-4 的快速阅读开始来说，只要求考生对题目所提到的信息在原文中能够找到即可，只是有时需要简 单的同义词替换 2.略读（Skimming）和寻读（Scanning）的能力在大学英语四级考试中显得尤为重要 3.快速阅读要求考生的阅读速度是每分钟110-140词

英语议论文的格式 一、英语议论文写作要点 议论文通过议论或说理来表达作者见解和主张.作者对某一问题持有一种看法,为了使读 者同意自己的看法,提出若干理由,企图说服他人.高中英语议论文的写作要注意以下要点: 1. 论点要鲜明、确切．一篇议论文只能有一个中心论点．论点一般在开头提出，然后加以论证． 2. 论据要充分、可靠．一般是以事实为论据，也可以利用成语，格言，名人名言作为论据． 3. 论证要严密、得法．归纳法（induction）和演绎法（deduction）是议论文常用的论证方法．归纳法的例子为基础，从几个例子和现象中，归纳出某种道理和看法．例如：报纸是一种媒体（medium ），人们可以从中得到现代信息；电视是一种媒体，人们也可以从中获得信息；广播也是媒体，人们同样可以从中获得现代信息．因此我们可以得出结论，其他媒体，如网络等，一定会给人们信息．演绎法以一个或多个看法为基础，从一般论断，演绎到不同事例，再加以论述，最后再回到一般论断上来．例如：所有的媒体都可以给人们提供信息，网络是媒体，因此人们可以从网络中获得信息．在归纳中要注意使用的例子要充分，不能以点概面．如：（课本高二上p81）： i borrowed a book from the library last week .it was very boring and difficult .i read only ten pages. therefore, i think that all library books are useless.

评注: it does not have a logical argument .the writer dislike one library book, but not all library books are the same. the writer should not make a general statement (all library books are useless) based on his reactions to one single book. 二、议论文的写作步骤: 1. 引言(introduction)．由于英语作文受时间，字数的限制．因此，在引言段中作者就必须简单解释要讨论的问题，并明白地亮出自己的观点，如提倡什么，支援什么，反对什么． 2. 主体段（main body）．主体段是议论的过程，作者必须有足够的证据．（adequate proofs）来论证自己的观点．一般可提出一个或两个proofs, 并对此用一两句话分别进行阐述． 3. 结论（conclusion）．结论段可以用一两句话来结束文章．同时要注意与引言段呼应，但不能照搬前面的原话． 例：课本高二上p78 第一封信 tutorial center is helpful. i have studied at a tutorial center for two years. my at my center, the fees are reasonable. my tutors are qualified teachers. i have been helped a lot by them. they are sincere and kind. one of my teachers was british. at first, i could not say anything to her. but later i learned how to i think that the tutorial center has given me a lot of confidence in using english.

For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition on the topic: Attend Your Classes Regularly。You should write at least 120 words following the outline given below in Chinese. 1. 现在大学校园里，迟到、早退、旷课是常见的现象 2. 保证学生的出勤率对大学教育的重要性 3. 作为一个大学生应该怎样做 Attend Your Classes Regularly Nowadays it is a very common phenomenon that some university students are late for or even absent from classes. And still there are some students who slip out of the classroom before the class is over. Class attendance has become a thorny problem to both the students and teachers. In fact, it is very important for the students to attend their classes regularly. First, it will ensure you to catch up with the teachers in your learning. That is very helpful to you if you want to do a good job in your study. Second, attending classes regularly is a way of showing respect to your teachers ,too. Your teachers will feel bad if the students do not attend their classes, which, in turn, will affect their teaching and be no good for the students. Third, attending classes regularly will help to form a good habit of punctuality, which is of great importance for the students to do a good job in the future. Therefore, we university students should form the good habit of attending our classes regularly from now on. And some day we’ll benefit from it. 点评：2008年元月三日，中山大学博士发帖称遭导师虐待；2008年元月四日，中国政法大学爆“杨帆门”事件；近几年，中小学老师或打学生或猥亵学生、体罚学生等各类新闻不断曝光，进而引发了师生关系的大讨论。本范例题为四级考试传统的问题解决型的写作，与校园生活密切相关。 范例二 For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition on the topic: Students’Rating of Their Teachers。You should write at least 120 words following the outline given below in Chinese. 1. 学生给老师打分已经普遍 2. 人们对其持不同态度 3. 我的看法 Students’ Rating of Their Teachers Nowadays, it has become as common in colleges and universities for students to grade teachers as for teachers to grade students. In some universities students’ rating has even become the only source of information on teaching effectiveness.. This, however, has caused great controversy. Some are in favor of the rating system, They hold that since students attend t he teachers’ classes every day, they should have their opinion about their teachers’ effectiveness. Others, on the contrary, are strongly against it. They believe that there is much more to teaching than what is shown on students’ rating forms. Students sh ould not be expected to judge whether the materials they use are up to date or how well the teacher knows about the subject. These judgments require professional knowledge, which is best left for the teachers’ colleagues. I think students’ rating of their teachers is necessary, but it should be conducted in a way that can really shed meaningful light on teachers’ performance. Instead of rating the teachers’ knowledge on the subject, students should be asked to estimate what they have learned in a course, an d to report on such things as a teacher’s ability to communicate with students, his or her relationship with students, and his or her ability to arouse students’ interest in the subject. 点评：越来越多的高校采取让学生给老师打分的形式来了解教学反馈，并以此作为促进教学质量的有效手段。对此做法，管理部门及教学双方褒贬不一，看法迥异。本范例题为校园生活热议话题，值得关注。

大学英语四级考试快速阅读技巧 一.测试目的 快速阅读，顾名思义，它的目的在于测试考生单位时间当中的阅 读量，其实四级对速度的考查是近几年一直延续的一种结果。同时， 在解答题目方面，快速阅读并不强调一定要像精读文章那样通篇认真 研究，相反，快速阅读题目更强调测试考生在实践语言环境中查询有 效信息的能力，这也反映出四六级考试试图提升考生实际应用能力的 改革方向。 二.测试形式 快速阅读要求考生在15 分钟内完成一篇1100字左右的文章和后面的 10 道题。前面 7 个题是判断正误（包括NG），后 3 个是填空题填根据阅读的理解，填三到四个单词( 答案基本都是原文中出现的原 词)。快速阅读的文章一般分为小标题+题目和无小标题+题目两种类型。该题型需要通过略读和寻读法，乃至文章逻辑关系、标点符号等方面的综合运用，实现对随后的题目有效的判断和填写。 三.基本要求 1. 快速阅读的文章基本都是专业题材的文章，很多考生可能会觉得 很陌生，但是对于 CET-4 的快速阅读开始来说，只要求考生

对题目所提到的信息在原文中能够找到即可，只是有时需要简 单的同义词替换。 2. 略读（ Skimming）和寻读（ Scanning ）的能力在大学英语四级考试中显得尤为重要。 3. 快速阅读要求考生的阅读速度是每分钟 110-140 词。 四.快速阅读方法 1.推测（prediction） 阅读正文前，就标题（如果有标题的话）来合理推测资料的 大概内容，也可在读了一段之后预测下段内容。这对快速理解和 整体把握文章内容以及推测出生词的词义范围有积极的意义。 2.读关键词句（key words and topic sentences） 在对文章的整体内容有了基本认识的基础上，我们学会抓主 要的词句，找出段落中的主题句，从而正确领会文章的主要内容。3.略读(skimming) 略读又称跳读 (reading and skipping)或浏览(glancing)，是一种专门的，非常实用的快速阅读技能。 所谓略读，是指以尽可能快的速度阅读，如同从飞机上鸟瞰(bird ’s eye view ) 地面上的明显标志一样，迅速获取文章大意或中心思想。换句话说，略读是要求读者有选择地进行阅读，可跳过某些细节，以求抓住文章的大概，从而加快阅读速度。据统计，训练有素的略读者(skimmer) 的阅读速度可以达到每分钟 3000 到 4000 个词。