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六级汉译英试题训练

六级汉译英试题训练
六级汉译英试题训练

六级汉译英试题训练

汉译英试题训练

请将下面这段话翻译成英文:

思乡(homesickness)是中国人的一个永恒的话题。从古至今,无论男女,家是他们永久的港湾,思乡是他们不老的情结(complex) 。正是这样的情结成为中国历代文人重要的创作题材,并以各种方式,从各种角度加以体现。是故乡,唤起了他们心灵深处最美好的回忆,在对故乡的思念中,他们又仿佛回到了那单纯无邪的童年时代,回到了母亲的怀抱,身心的创伤得到了暂时的平复,精神的空虚得到了刹那的充实,故乡成了他们终极的归宿地(ultimate destination) 。

翻译及详解

Homesickness is an eternal topic for

Chinese people.Since ancient times, home has been a permanent harbor for both men and women, and homesickness is their ever-young complex.It is such kind of complex that becomes the important theme of Chinese literati in all dynasties; they expressed this theme in various ways and form various angles.It is home that arouses the best memories in their hearts.Thanks to those memories, they feel like going back to the pure and innocent childhood and returning to mothers arms.The wounds in body and mind will get healed temporarily and spiritual emptiness will be enriched for a while.Home has become their ultimate destination.

翻译讲解

1.思乡:可译为homesickness,其形容词形式为homesick 。

2.不老的情结:可译为ever-young

complex ,其中“不老的”译为ever-young,意为“永远年轻的”。

3.以各种方式,从各种角度加以体现:译文

以人作主语,把句式从被动变为主动,并用分号

将两个分句连在一起。文中翻译为the they expressed this theme in various ways and from various angles 。

4.是故乡,唤起了?:此处可用It

is...that... 的强调句形式。“唤起”译为arouse 或bring out 。

5.回到了?回到了?: 可分别译为go back to 和return to ,以避免重复,从而体现用词的多

性。

6.身心的创伤

得到了暂时的平复: 可译为The wounds in body and mind will get healed temporarily 。其中“ 身心的创伤” 译为the wounds in body and mind, “得到平复” 译为get healed。

汉译英试题训练

低碳生活(low-carbon life) 对于我们普通人来说是一种态度,我们应该积极提倡并去

实践,从自己做起,从节约水电这些点滴做起。除

了植树,有的人买运输里程很短的商品,还有人

坚持爬楼梯,形形色色,非常有趣。“低碳生活” 的理念逐渐被世界各国所接受。低碳生活的出现

不仅告诉人们可以为减碳做些什么,还告诉人们

可以怎么做。在这种生活方式逐渐兴起的时候,大家开始关心自己每天是否为减碳做了什么。

翻译及详解

Low-carbon life is an attitude for ordinary people,and we should actively advocate and practice low-carbon life by doing it from ourselves and by starting bit by bit from saving water and

electricity.Besides planting trees,some people purchase goods within a short delivery distance and others stick to climbing stairs.People do various things to live a low-carbon life,which is really interesting."Low-carbon life" concept has gradually been accepted worldwide.The emergence of low-carbon lifestyle not only introduces to people what they can do for carbon reduction,but also tells them how

they can do it.As this lifestyle gradually becomes popular,people begin to ask themselves whether they have contributed something to carbon reduction every day.

翻译讲解

1.从自己做起,从节约水电这些点滴做起:承接前一句翻译为by doing it from ourselves and by starting bit by bit from saving water and electricity ,使得句子结构更紧凑,表意更清晰。

2.坚持:文中译为stick to ,也可译为

insist on 或persist in ,后面接名词或者动名词。

3.低碳生活的出现:可译为

the emergence of low-carbon

lifestyle. 其中emergence 意为“出

现”。

4.减碳:可译为carbon reduction.reduction 意为“减少,下降” 。

尽管中国古代神话(mythology) 没有十分完

整的情节,神话人物也没有系统的家谱(genealogy),但它们却有着鲜明的东方文化特

色,其中尤为显著的是它的尚德精神(the spirit of esteeming virtue) 。这种尚德精神在与西方

神话特别是希腊神话比较时,显得更加突出。在西方神话尤其是希腊神话中,对神的褒贬标准多

以智慧、力量为准则,而中国古代神话对神的褒

贬则多以道德为准绳。这种思维方式深植于中国

的文化之中。几千年来,这种尚德精神影响着人们对历史人物的品评与现实人物的期望。

译文:

Although ancient Chinese mythology does not have relatively complete plot and mythological figures don't have systematic genealogy, they have distinct features of oriental culture, among which the spirit of esteeming virtue is particularly significant.When compared with Western mythology, especially Greek mythology, this spirit of esteeming virtue is even more prominent.In Western mythology, especially Greek mythology,the criteria for judging whether a god is good or not are mostly the god's wisdom and strength,while in ancient

Chinese mythology, the criterion lies in morality. This way of thinking is deeply rooted in Chinese culture.For thousands of years, this spirit of esteeming virtue has affected people's comments on historical figures and expectations of real people.

敬茶礼仪当今社会,客来敬茶已经成为人们日常社交和家庭生活中普遍的往来礼仪。俗话说:

酒满茶半。上茶时应以右手端茶,从客人的右方奉上,并时带微笑。当然,喝茶的客人也要以礼还礼,双手接过,点头致谢。品茶时,讲究小口品

饮,其妙趣在于意会而不可言传。另外,可适当称赞主人茶好。总之,敬茶是国人礼仪中待客的一

种日常礼节,也是社会交往的一项内容,不仅是对客人、朋友的尊重, 也能体现自己的修养

(self-cultivation) 。

翻译:

Nowadays, offering tea to guests has becomecommon etiquette in daily social interaction andfamily life. As the saying goes, white spirit, full cup;tea, half cup.

Tea cup should be held on the righthand and offered to guests with a smile from theirright side. Of course,the guests should pay respect as well, taking over the cup with bothhands and nodding to express his thanks. When tasting tea,you should drink it in small sips,the beauty and fun of which is beyond words. In addition, you could praise the tea of theowner appropriately. In short, offering tea is a daily ritual of Chinese people when receivingguests and it is also part of social interaction. It can not only show respect to guests andfriends, but also reflect your self-cultivation.

词汇详解:

1.敬茶: 可以理解为“献茶” ,故译为offer tea 。

2.俗话说: 可译为as the saying goes,固定译法。

3.酒满茶半: 可译为white spirit ,full cup;tea ,halfcup 。在中国的餐桌文化

里,酒要倒满,而茶要倒半杯。

4.以礼还礼: 可译为pay respect as

well。

5.讲究小口品饮: 即drink it in small sips。其中,sip 作名词,意为“小口喝” ;也可以作动词,例如Mike sipped hisdrink quickly.( 迈克快速地喝了一小口饮料。) 词组take a sip 表示“喝一小口,抿一口。”

6.日常礼节: 可译为daily ritual 。

7.对客人、朋友的尊重: 可译为动词词组,即show respect to guests and

friends 。

老龄化社会(an aging society)是指老年人口占总人口达到或超过一定的比例的人口结构模型。按照联合国的传统标准是一个地区60 岁以上老人达到总人口的10% ,新标准是65 岁老人占总人口的7% ,即该地区视为进入老龄化社会。老龄化的加速对经济社会都将产生巨大的压力。2009 年10 月26 日,中国传统节日重阳节(the Double

Ninth Festival) 到来之际,中国正式启动了一项应对人口老龄化战略研究,以积极应对持续加剧

的人口老龄化危机。

【参考译文】

An aging society refers to a

population structure model in which aging population reaches or exceeds a certain proportion. The region is regarded as entering an aging society according to the UN 's traditional standard that an area' s old people over 60 years old takes up 10% of the total population, while the new standard is old people over 65 years old takes up 7% of the total population. The acceleration of aging will bring enormous pressure to both economy and society. On October 26, 2009 when the Double Ninth Festival, the traditional Chinese festival, came, China formally launched a strategic research on coping with aging of population to deal with increasingly intensifying population aging crisis.

【重点表达】

达到或超过reach or exceed 老龄化的加速the acceleration of aging 巨大的压力enormous pressure 中国正式启动了一项应对人口老龄化战略研究,以积极应对持续加剧的人口老龄化危机。China formally launched a

strategic research on coping with aging of population to actively deal with increasingly intensifying population aging crisis.(注:注意两个“应对”的不同翻译)

如今,中国正步入老龄化社会,因此独生子

女一代面临着巨大的工作和生活压力。中国政府

开始适当调整计划生育政策,允许一些家庭在特

殊情况下生育二胎。但调查显示,很多夫妻迫于

不断加重的经济压力,放弃生育二胎。因此,要从根本上解决老龄化的问题不能依靠出生率的上升,最有效的办法是建立有效的社会保障制度。

【翻译词汇】步入step into

老龄化社会aging society

独生子女一代the only-child generation

巨大的enormous

调整adjust

计划生育政策the family planning policy

在特殊情况下under certain circumstances

由于,迫于due to

放弃abandon

依靠rely on

出生率birth rate

有效的effective

社会保障制度social security system

【精彩译文】

Nowadays, China is stepping into the aging society. Therefore, the only-

child generation is facing enormous pressure both from work and life. The Chinese government has begun to adjust the familyplanning policy and allows some families to have a second child under certain circumstances. However, the survey shows thatsome couples abandon to have a

second child due to the increasing

financial burden. Thus, in order to solve the aging problem, the basic thing is not relying on the increase of birth rate. The best solution is to establish an effective social security system.

文房四宝(Four Treasures of the Study) 是中国书法传统书写工具的统称,包括笔、墨、纸、砚(inkstone) 。“文房”指的是学者的书房。除了这四宝,书房里的工具还有笔筒、笔架、墨盒、腕托、笔洗、墨块(inkpad) ,这些都是书房必备品。唐宋是书法的繁荣时期,当时著名的

生厂商制造的经典文房四宝被后世学者高度赞扬。中国传统文化及艺术的发明和发展与文房四宝密切相关。在某种程度上,文房四宝代表了中国传统

文化的重要元素。

参考译文:

The Four Treasures of the Study,is a general name of the traditional writing tools of Chinese calligraphy, including writing brush, ink, paper and inkstone. The

name of Wenfang refers to a scholar's study. Besides these four treasures, tools used in the study also include brush pots, brush rack,ink box, wrist-rest, brush washer and inkpad, all of which are necessities of the study. Classical products of the Four Treasures of the Study made by famous producers during the Tang and Song Dynasties, when styles of writing were very prosperous, were highly praised by later scholars.The invention and development of China's traditional culture and art are closely related to the Four Treasures of the Study.And to some

extent,the Four Treasures of the Study represents an important element of traditional Chinese culture.

词句点拨

1.“文房”指的是:其中“指的是”译为refer to 。“文房”用汉语拼音Wenfang 表示即可。

2.除了?还有: 此处可用besides 或

in addition to 表达,而不用except,因为except 表示“除去不计,不包括?在内”。

3.经典: 可译为classical 。classical products 意为“经典产品” 。

4.和?密切相关: 可译为be

closely

related to ?

5.在某种程度上:可译为短语to some extent 或in some degree。

在中国,尊老爱幼是中华民族的优秀传统。早在汉朝时期(the Han Dynasty), 政府就曾多次颁布法令,提倡并奖励孝敬老人的行为。中国人以爱、教育、友善和严格的方式对待子孙后

代,体现了强烈的道德责任感。尊老爱幼的传统

在现代社会得以发扬光大。现在,中国的老人和儿童都有法定的假期—老人节(Elders'Day) 和儿童节。除此之外,政府还颁布特定的法律保护妇

女儿童,法律也明确规定中国公民有义务赡养父母、抚养子女。

参考译文:

It is a fine tradition in China to respect the old and love the young.As early as the Han Dynasty, the government issued laws many times to advocate and reward behavior relating to treating the old with respect.The Chinese people treat their offspring with love and education, with kindness and strictness, embodying a strong sense of moral responsibility.The tradition of respecting the old and taking care of the young has been carried forward in modern times.At present, the old and the young in China have their own legal holidays —Elders' Day and Children's Day.Besides, the government has issued specific laws to protect women and children; and some laws also stipulate in explicit terms that Chinese citizens have obligations to take care of parents and raise children.

词句点拨

1.尊老爱幼: 可译为respect the old and love the young 。

2.早在汉朝时期“: 早在”可以用as early as 表达。

3.发扬光大: 可译为carry

forward 。

4.强烈的道德责任感: 可译为a strong

sense of moral responsibility 。

5.明确规定: 可译为stipulates in

explicit

terms 。

年夜饭(family reunion dinner) 是

除夕(New Year's Eve)的最后一餐。这一天人

们准备除旧迎新,一家相聚,共进晚餐。一年一次的团圆饭充分地表现出中华民族家庭成员的互敬互爱。家人的团聚往往令“一家之主”在精神上得到安慰与满足,老人家看儿孙满堂,过去的关怀与抚养子女所付出的心血没有白费,这是何等的幸福。而年轻一辈也正可以借此机会对父母的养育之恩表达感激之情。

参考译文:

Family reunion dinner is the last meal of New Year' s Eve. On this day, people are ready to bid farewell to the old year and welcome the new year. They get together and have dinner together. The annual reunion dinner fully illustrates the mutually respect and love of the family members of the Chinese nation. The reunion of the family members always gives mental comfort and satisfaction to the “ host of the family ” . What happiness it is to see his children and grandchildren gathering around him and that his painstaking effort paid in the past to care for and raise them is worthwhile. At the same time, the younger generation can take this opportunity to show their gratitude for their parents who gave birth to them and raised them.

翻译原文:最近,一些地方大学开始将方言列为某些学生的必修课程,学生们要学习当地方

言,然后被评分以作为毕业的依据之一。一方面,支持此种做法的人认为,将方言列为必修课可防止其消失,从而使当地传统文化和文化多样性得以弘扬,同时城市独特的个性得以保留。另一方面,反对此种做法的人争论说,当地学生与外地

学生相比有很多绝对优势,因此将方言列为必修

课会引起教育不公平的问题。而且,将方言列为

必修课程还会引起一些其他问题,如教材使用、

师资问题和考试标准等。在我看来,方言作为传统文化不可缺少的一部分和一种交流工具,可以

让学生自愿学习和使用,而不是强制完成。

【翻译词汇】方言dialect 必修课程

compulsory course 依据judging

factor 支持approve 消失extinguish

文化多样性cultural diversity 弘扬

enhance 个性identity 争论说

contend 绝对的absolute 引起give

rise to/bring forth 考试标准

examination standard 不可缺少的

indispensable 自愿地voluntarily 学

习acquire 参考译文:

Recently, it has been practiced by

some local universities that dialect is made a compulsory course for some students, under which students are subject to learning the local dialect and then graded as one of the judging factors for them to graduate. On the one hand, people approving the practice maintain that it will help to prevent the dialect from extinguishing so that the local traditional culture and the cultural diversity can be enhanced, and the unique urban identity can be preserved simultaneously. On the other hand, people in opposition to the practice contend that it will give rise to the appearance of educational inequality, for the local students will enjoy absolute advantages over those from other places. Moreover, the inclusion of dialect in compulsory courses will bring forth other problems like teaching material, teachers and examination standards. As far as I am concerned, dialects, as an indispensable part of local

英译汉历年真题翻译

英译汉历年真题全文翻译 1994年真题参考译文 新学派科学家们认为,在扩大科学知识范围的过程中,技术是一股被忽视了的力量(71)他们认为,科学之所以向前发展,与其说是因为天才伟人的真知灼见,还不如说是因为像改进了的技术和工具之类更为普遍的东西。(72)一位新学派的领袖人物坚持说,简言之,所谓的科学革命主要是指一系列工具的改进、发明和使用;这一系列工具的改进、发明和使用在无数个方面拓展了科学的领域。(73)多年来,工具和技术本身作为根本性革新的源泉在很大程度上被历史学家和思想家们所忽视了。肯定技术的现代派认为,诸如伽利略、牛顿、麦克斯韦、爱因斯坦这样的著名科学大师以及像爱迪生这样的发明家都十分重视各种不同的、可用于科学实验的工艺信息和技术装置并从中获益匪浅,提倡肯定技术、否定天才的论点之核心是对伽利略在科学革命的初期所起作用的分析。当时人们对天体的认识源于公元二世纪时的天文学家托勒密。他认为,在复杂的天体系统中所有的天体都围绕着地球运动。(74)伽利略最伟大的成就在于,在l 609年他是第一个用新发明的望远镜来观察天空的人,以证实行星是围绕太阳旋转而不是围绕地球旋转的。但故事中真正的英雄,新学派科学家们认为,是改进制作眼镜的机器的漫长过程。 联邦政府的政策不可避免地卷入了这场“技术”对“天才”之争。(75)政府是应该以牺牲技术作为代价来增加对纯理论科学的经费投入,还是相反,这常常取决于人们把哪一个看作驱动力量。

1995年真题参考译文 广泛用来帮助选拔、分类、委派或者提拔学生、雇员和军事人员的标准化教育或心理测试最近在图书、杂志、日报甚至国会中成了攻击的目标。(71)把标准化测试作为抨击的目标是错误的,因为在抨击这些测试的时候,批评家没有注意到错误在于那些不甚了解或者是不能胜任的使用者。测试本身只是工具,其特点是在具体条件下可以得到相当精确的测定。测试结果究竟是有价值、无意义或者有误导作用在部分程度上取决于工具本身,但在很大程度上取决于使用者。 所有对未来表现有根据的预测都取决于对相关的过去表现的一些了解:学习成绩、研究能力、销售纪录或者任何合适的信息。(72)这些测试将在多大程度上为后来的表现所证实,这取决于所采用信息的数量、可靠性和适应性,还取决于解释这些信息的技能和才智。任何认真记分的人都知道,能获得的信息往往不全面,而且预测很容易出现错误。应该根据这种情况看待标准化测试。对于一个人的学识,他所掌握的技能或者他是哪种类型的人,标准化测试提供了快捷,而客观的获取信息的办法、和其他种类的信息一样,按这种方法获得的信息从质量上来讲也有其自身的长处和短处。(73)因此,在某一特定情况下,究竟是采用测试,(采用)其他种类的信息,或是两者兼用,取决于与相对效度有关的来自经验的证据,还取决于诸如费用和可获取性之类的因素。(74)一般来说,当所要测定的特征能够最为精确地界定时,测试最为有效;而当所要测定或预测的东西不能明确地界定时,测试的效果则最差。如果使用得当,测试提供一种快速获取有关许多人的可比性信息的方法,有时还会鉴别出潜力大、过去却未被承认的学生,但测试无法做到的事情也很多。(75)例如,这些测试并不能弥补明显的社会不公平现

翻译 中英对译 英文散文赏析

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