搜档网
当前位置:搜档网 › 市场营销外文翻译

市场营销外文翻译

市场营销外文翻译
市场营销外文翻译

市场营销外文翻译

核准通过,归档资料。

未经允许,请勿外传~

到达“哇”的境界:消费者描述美妙的购物体验

当保拉?科特尼带着女儿,来到当地一家超市的员工洗手间时,获得了“哇”的惊喜。洗手间门边的一条标语提示,要员工一直站在任何遇到问题的顾客身边,直到问题得到解决。随后,当科特尼排队付款时,收银员注意到,科特尼买的蓝莓被压扁了。那位收银员执意走到超市的农产品区,给她换了一盒新的。

对维德集团——多伦多一家零售研究和顾问机构——的首席执行官科特尼来说,那是一次带来“哇”的惊喜的购物体验。

沃顿商学院的一个新研究项目发现,在过去6个月里,有35%的购物者在零售卖场获得过美妙绝伦——或者说非常让人愉快——的购物体验。但是,为了达到这个境界,零售商必须同时拥有有关购物体验多达10种的不同基本要素。当购物者将自己的购物体验告知他人时,零售商便能从中得到报偿。“人们的期望值非常高。零售商很容易让人们的期望落空,而恶劣的体验则很难消除,即便采用某些让人们喜出望外的措施”。沃顿商学院市场营销学教授斯蒂芬?霍奇谈到。“发牢骚和抱怨要比赞扬普遍得多”。

沃顿商学院的“杰伊?贝克零售计划”与维德集团和加拿大零售协会进行了合作研究,以期发现零售商怎样才能为购物者创造一种无与伦比的购物体验。在一项在线调查中,美国和加拿大1006位购物者被问及:“你能想到在过去6个月左右的时间里某次非常美妙的购物体验,某个为你带来惊喜的购物体验吗,”

基于这项研究的一篇名为《发现“哇”——在北美零售卖场的美妙购物体验研究》的报告,罗列了有助于创造美妙购物体验的5个重要环节:

(1)“投入”:客气礼貌,真诚地关心,兴趣盎然地提供帮助答谢和倾听。

(2)“卓越执行”:耐心解释、耐心建议,检查存货,帮助顾客寻找商品,拥有产品的知识,并提供超出预期的产品质量。

(3)“品牌体验”:令人心动的店内设计和气氛,一以贯之的出色产品质量,让顾客觉得自己受到了特别尊重,而且总能让顾客觉得买到了物美价廉的商品。

(4)“顺畅迅速”:要对顾客排长队结账的时间保持敏感,要主动帮助顾客加快购物过程。

(5)“解决问题”:帮助顾客解决问题并补偿由问题造成的损失,提升服务质量,确保顾客完全满意。

总计起来,受访者提出了美妙购物体验的28个基本因素,比如,销售人员“立刻注意到你”、“能轻松向你解释某种产品”以及“看起来很真诚”等等。

科特尼谈到,典型的购物惊喜体验会同时出现10种基本因素。对零售商来说,更复杂的任务在于这样一个事实:最重要的基本因素往往因人而异。“简直就像一场‘完美风暴’”她谈到。

零售商可以基于零售满意度的5个重要支柱,来构建“牢固基础”或者平台,以提升其创造购物惊喜体验的能力。这项研究的结果表明,在每5位获得购物惊喜体验的购物者中,就会有4人将自己的体验告知另外3个人。

根据这项调查,“品牌体验”和“投入”是顾客忠诚度的最强大驱动因素。最能唤起受访者反应的是与“投入”有关的环节,有63%的受访者谈到,在自己获得美妙购物体验时,商店员工“非常文雅、彬彬有礼”。商店中对产品拥有广博知识的销售人员在购物者中唤起的反应次之,有55%的受访者对此反应热烈。至于说“执行”,在那些感受到购物惊喜体验的购物者中,有一半的人谈到,商店员工熟悉产品,他们的建议和对顾客需求的兴趣程度是购物惊喜体验不可或缺的因素。人

数稍少些的购物者——每5个人中有2人——谈到,令人惊异的出色产品质量以及费心检查存货的商店店员是美妙购物体验至关重要的因素。

“品牌体验”包括店内设计和店内气氛、一以贯之的出色产品质量、让顾客觉得自己受到特别的尊重以及让他们感觉到总能买到物美价廉的商品。霍奇谈到,这个因素有些“模糊”,因为连锁店——超过半数购物者光顾的商店——往

1

往会提供时髦的商品以及有格调的商店环境,但是,它们同样也具有同质化的风险。贝克中心和维德集团早些时候进行的研究发现,购物者曾谈到过“购物中心厌倦症”——也就是对专业连锁店的相似性感到厌倦。“大部分连锁店都是一个模子塑造出来的。”霍奇谈到。“即便是各个商店之间彼此并不相同,可它们在每个购物中心中也都是一样的。对小零售商来说,原因很可能在于,这种方式更容易为顾客提供品牌体验。令人遗憾的是,如果人们一次又一次地看到同样的东西,他们自会感到索然无味的”。

这项调查显示,加速购物的过程,是优秀零售商的另一个重要特点。在经历过他们称之为“美妙”购物体验的购物者中,有一半的人认为,“顺畅迅速”这一重要环节四个方面中的三个方面——帮助顾客迅速完成购物过程,保持对时间以及排队付款队伍长短的敏感——“非常重要”。霍奇谈到,很多人,尤其是女性,已经不再将购物当作一个令人愉快的活动。“购物以前是一项令人高兴的社交活动,当然,它现在依然可能还是,但是,更常见的情况则是,现在,购物已经成了繁重旅行的一部分,你总是试图在一定的时间内完成很多工作”。

当出现问题时,零售商解决问题的能力,就成了决定购物者是否拥有美妙购物体验的另一个重要因素了。四分之一的受访者谈到,商店员工会守在他们身旁,直到问题得到解决。不到十分之一的受访者说,他们曾因为店方的错误得到过补偿,或者某位商店员工会打破公司规定为自己解决问题,或者主动为他们更换商品。

科特尼强调说,对零售商而言,制定一个解决问题清晰且简单的程序是很重要的。“最大的问题就是问题的归属”她谈到。“你在培训员工时,应该尽量训练他们解决问题的能力,让他们承担解决问题的责任,而不是将问题转移到别处”。霍奇谈到,尽管“解决问题”不如其他5个基本因素更重要,不过,一个共同的思路已从这项研究中显现出来了:“员工要开始行动,并找到解决问题的方法。”这种经历可以使顾客的心态从无助转变成“‘哦,有人过来帮我了。’我们都喜欢英雄,但是,这种情形却并不常见。”霍奇指出。

这项研究还表明,购物者的年龄不同、性别不同以及国籍不同,构成他们美妙购物体验的因素也不同。年轻的顾客,也就是年龄在18岁到30岁的顾客,最可能回忆起自己经历的美妙购物体验。年龄超过50岁的顾客则更喜欢谈及看起

2

来很真诚、对自己关爱有加的商店员工,此外,他们也喜欢被人注意、被人礼貌相待的感觉。霍奇指出,年轻购物者因为更喜欢多任务同时处理,同时,熟悉互联网的使用,所以,他们在零售店获得的购物体验也会受到影响,因此,比起“关系导向型”来,他们更喜欢“交易导向型”的购物,而且对实体商店的依赖性更低。

比起美国的购物者来,加拿大的购物者认为,在品牌体验中,“买到物美价廉的商品”是更为重要的因素。此外,加拿大购物者更重视令人心动的商店气氛和店内设计。科特尼认为,对全球性的零售商来说,弄清不同国籍购物者的差异是至关重要的。“这些差异表明,零售商需要认识到在你商店里购物的顾客的国籍。

‘一招吃遍天下’的策略并不奏效”她谈到。“加拿大的购物者和美国购物者之间有某些显著的差异。更重要的是,年龄和性别的差异也与关乎你为每位顾客提供的服务,不过年龄和性别很容易辨认”。

对商店业主来说,为让顾客拥有美妙购物体验奠定基础的最佳方式就是,聘用和培训那些有能力了解购物者偏好的信息、并能将这些信息转变成为顾客提供“定制服务”的员工。“如果你是一家大型商场的业主,但却没有严格的培训计划,那么,你就不太可能为顾客带来‘哇’的惊喜购物体验”科特尼谈到。“对企业来说,人事聘用政策是创造‘哇’的惊喜购物体验的核心所在”。

在目前这种经济疲软的气候中,价格对消费者来说确实很重要,但是,在“哇”的惊喜购物体验中,价格只是因素之一。研究者发现,在那些经历过惊喜购物体验的购物者中,43%的人谈到,拥有始终如一的出色产品质量,是他们最近美妙购物体验中的一个因素。就品牌体验而言,这一因素引起的反响最多,随后是“买到物美价廉的商品”,31%的受访者谈到了这一点。“我们创造出了一个价值导向型的消费者群体”科特尼谈到。

尽管“大萧条”导致了一个花钱小气的时代,不过,今天的经济危机却正在引导消费者更关注价值,而不是价格,她补充说。“借助信用卡、信息传播和电信手段,我们会看到价值导向型的购买行为……对在哪儿购买以及购买什么的问题,人们会越来越谨慎。受到更好教育的消费者会在所有事情上寻找更高的价值”。

她还谈到,即使是在困难重重的经济环境中,只要他们能提供美妙购物体验

3

的基本要素,零售商依然能为顾客创造出“哇”的惊喜购物体验。“尽管存在着资源短缺以及商店关闭的问题,不过,让顾客感到高兴、给予他们惊喜依然是可能的”科特尼主张。“当零售商将一切就位的时候,这种可能性便水到渠成了”。

4

零售企业营销策略中英文对照外文翻译文献

零售企业营销策略中英文对照外文翻译文献(文档含英文原文和中文翻译)

译文: 零售企业的营销策略 Philip Kotlor 今天的零售商为了招徕和挽留顾客,急欲寻找新的营销策略。过去,他们挽留顾客的方法是销售特别的或独特的花色品种,提供比竞争对手更多更好的服务提供商店信用卡是顾客能赊购商品。可是,现在这一切都已变得面目全非了。现在,诸如卡尔文·克连,依佐和李维等全国性品牌,不仅在大多数百货公司及其专营店可以看到,并且也可以在大型综合商场和折扣商店可以买到。全国性品牌的生产商为全力扩大销售量,它们将贴有品牌的商品到处销售。结果是零售商店的面貌越来越相似。 在服务项目上的分工差异在逐渐缩小。许多百货公司削减了服务项目,而许多折扣商店却增加了服务项目。顾客变成了精明的采购员,对价格更加敏感。他们看不出有什么道理要为相同的品牌付出更多的钱,特别是当服务的差别不大或微不足道时。由于银行信用卡越来越被所有的商家接受,他们觉得不必从每个商店赊购商品。 百货商店面对着日益增加的价格的折扣店和专业商店的竞争,准备东山再起。历史上居于市中心的许多商店在郊区购物中心开设分店,那里有宽敞的停车场,购买者来自人口增长较快并且有较高收入的地区。其他一些则对其商店形式进行改变,有些则试用邮购盒电话订货的方法。超级市场面对的是超级商店的竞争,它们开始扩大店面,经营大量的品种繁多的商品和提高设备等级,超级市场还增加了它们的促销预算,大量转向私人品牌,从而增加盈利。 现在,我们讨论零售商在目标市场、产品品种和采办、服务以及商店气氛、定价、促销和销售地点等方面的营销策略。 一、目标市场 零售商最重要的决策时确定目标市场。当确定目标市场并且勾勒出轮廓时,零售商才能对产品分配、商店装饰、广告词和广告媒体、价格水平等作出一致的决定。如沃尔玛的目标市场相当明确:

市场营销_外文翻译_外文文献_英文文献_顾客满意策略与顾客满意

顾客满意策略与顾客满意营销 原文来源:《Marketing Customer Satisfaction 》自20世纪八十年代末以来, 顾客满意战略已日益成为各国企业占有更多的顾客份额, 获得竞争优势的整体经营手段。 一、顾客满意策略是现代企业获得顾客“货币选票”的法宝随着时代的变迁, 社会物质财富的极大充裕, 顾客中的主体———消费者的需求也先后跨越了物质缺乏的时代、追求数量的时代、追求品质的时代, 到了20世纪八十年代末进入了情感消费时代。在我国, 随着经济的高速发展,我们也已迅速跨越了物质缺乏时代、追求数量的时代乃至追求品质的时代, 到今天也逐步迈进情感消费时代。在情感消费时代, 各企业的同类产品早已达到同时、同质、同能、同价, 消费者追求的已不再是质量、功能和价格, 而是舒适、便利、安全、安心、速度、跃动、环保、清洁、愉快、有趣等,消费者日益关注的是产品能否为自己的生活带来活力、充实、舒适、美感和精神文化品位, 以及超越消费者期望值的售前、售中、售后服务和咨询。也就是说, 今天人们所追求的是具有“心的满足感和充实感”的商品, 是高附加值的商品和服务,追求价值观和意识多元化、个性化和无形的满足感的时代已经来临。 与消费者价值追求变化相适应的企业间的竞争, 也由产品竞争、价格竞争、技术竞争、广告竞争、品牌竞争发展到现今的形象竞争、信誉竞争、文化竞争和服务竞争, 即顾客满意竞争。这种竞争是企业在广角度、宽领域的时空范围内展开的高层次、体现综合实力的竞争。它包括组织创新力、技术创新力、管理创新力、产业预见力、产品研发力、员工向心力、服务顾客力、顾客亲和力、同行认同力、社会贡献力、公关传播沟通力、企业文化推动力、环境适应力等等。这些综合形象力和如何合成综合持久的竞争力, 这就是CSft略所要解决的问题。CS寸代,企业不再以“自己为中心”,而是以“顾客为中心”;“顾客为尊”、“顾客满意”不再是流于形式的口号, 而是以实实在在的行动为基础的企业经营的一门新哲学。企业不再以质量达标, 自己满意为经营理念, 而是以顾客满意, 赢得顾客高忠诚度为经营理念。企业经营策略的焦点不再以争取或保持市场占有率为主, 而是以争取顾客满意为经营理念。因此, 营销策略的重心不再放在竞争对手身上而是放在顾客身上, 放在顾客现实的、潜在的需求上。当企业提供的产品和服务达到了顾客事先的期望值, 顾客就基本满意;如果远远超越顾客的期望值, 且远远高于其他同行, 顾客才真正满意;如果企业能不断地或长久地令顾客满意, 顾客就会忠诚。忠诚的顾客不仅会经常性地重复购买, 还会购买企业其它相关的产品或服务;忠诚的顾客不仅会积极向别人推荐他所买的产品, 而且对企业竞争者的促销活动具有免疫能力一个不满意的顾客会将不满意告诉16-20个人, 而每一个被告知者会再传播给12-15个人。这样, 一个不满意者会影响到二、三百人。在互联网普及的今天, 其影响则更大。据美国汽车业的调查, 一个满意者会引发8笔潜在的生意, 其中至少有一笔会成交。而另一项调查表明, 企业每增加5%的忠诚顾客, 利润就会增长25%-95%。一个企业的80%的利润来自20%的忠诚顾客;而获取一个新顾客的成本是维持一个老顾客成本的6倍。所以,美国著名学者唐?佩 珀斯指出: 决定一个企业成功与否的关键不是市场份额, 而是在于顾客份额。 于是, 企业纷纷通过广泛细致的市场调研、与消费者直接接触、顾客信息反馈等方式来了解顾客在各方面的现实需求和潜在需求。依靠对企业满意忠诚的销售、服务人员, 定期、定量地对顾客满意度进行综合测定, 以便准确地把握企业经营中与“顾客满意” 目标的差距及其重点领域, 从而进一步改善企业的经营活动。依靠高亲和力的企业文化、高效率的人文管理和全员共同努力, 不断地向顾客提供高附加值的产品, 高水准的亲情般的服

网络营销外文翻译

E---MARKETING (From:E--Marketing by Judy Strauss,Adel El--Ansary,Raymond Frost---3rd ed.1999 by Pearson Education pp .G4-G25.) As the growth of https://www.sodocs.net/doc/fc1714924.html, shows, some marketing principles never change.Markets always welcome an innovative new product, even in a crowded field of competitors ,as long as it provides customer value.Also,Google`s success shows that customers trust good brands and that well-crafted marketing mix strategies can be effective in helping newcomers enter crowded markets. Nevertheless, organizations are scrambling to determine how they can use information technology profitably and to understand what technology means for their business strategies. Marketers want to know which of their time-ested concepts will be enhanced by the Internet, databases,wireless mobile devices, and other technologies. The rapid growth of the Internet and subsequent bursting of the dot-com bubble has marketers wondering,"What next?" This article attempts to answer these questions through careful and systematic examination of successful e-mar-keting strategies in light of proven traditional marketing practices. (Sales Promotion;E--Marketing;Internet;Strategic Planning ) 1.What is E--Marketing E--Marketing is the application of a broad range of information technologies for: Transforming marketing strategies to create more customer value through more effective segmentation ,and positioning strategies;More efficiently planning and executing the conception, distribution promotion,and pricing of goods,services,and ideas;andCreating exchanges that satisfy individual consumer and organizational customers` objectives. This definition sounds a lot like the definition of traditional marketing. Another way to view it is that e-marketing is the result of information technology applied to traditional marketing. E-marketing affects traditional marketing in two ways. First,it increases efficiency in traditional marketing strategies.The transformation results in new business models that add customer value and/or increase company profitability.

国际贸易、市场营销类课题外文翻译——市场定位策略(Positioning_in_Practice)

Positioning in Practice Strategic Role of Marketing For large firms that have two or more strategic business units (SBUs), there are generally three levels of strategy: corporate-level strategy, strategic-business-unit-level (or business-level) strategy, and marketing strategy. A corporate strategy provides direction on the company's mission, the kinds of businesses it should be in, and its growth policies. A business-level strategy addresses the way a strategic business unit will compete within its industry. Finally, a marketing strategy provides a plan for pursuing the company's objectives within a specific market segment. Note that the higher level of strategy provides both the objectives and guidelines for the lower level of strategy. At corporate level, management must coordinate the activities of multiple strategic business units. Thus the decisions about the organization's scope and appropriate resource deployments/allocation across its various divisions or businesses are the primary focus of corporate strategy.Attempts to develop and maintain distinctive competencies tend to focus on generating superior financial, capital, and human resources; designing effective organizational structures and processes; and seeking synergy among the firm's various businesses. At business-level strategy, managers focus on how the SBU will compete within its industry. A major issue addressed in business strategy is how to achieve and sustain a competitive advantage. Synergy for the unit is sought across product-markets and across functional department within the unit. The primary purpose of a marketing strategy is to effectively allocate and coordinate marketing resources and activities to accomplish the firm's objectives within a specific product-market. The decisions about the scope of a marketing strategy involve specifying the target market segment(s) to pursue and the breadth of the product line to offered. At this level of strategy, firms seek competitive advantage and synergy through a well-integrated program of marketing mix elements tailored to the needs and wants of customers in the target segment(s). Strategic Role of Positioning Based on the above discussion, it is clear that marketing strategy consists of two parts: target market strategy and marketing mix strategy. Target market strategy consists of three processes: market segmentation, targeting (or target market selection), and positioning. Marketing mix strategy refers to the process of creating a unique

差异化营销策略外文文献翻译

文献出处: Dalman, M. Deniz, and Junhong Min. "Marketing Strategy for Unusual Brand Differentiation: Trivial Attribute Effect." International Journal of Marketing Studies 6.5 (2014): 63-72. 原文 Marketing Strategy for Unusual Brand Differentiation: Trivial Attribute Effect Dalman, M. Deniz & Junhong Min Abstract This research investigates that brand differentiation creating superior values can be achieved not only by adding meaningful attributes but also meaningless attributes, which is called "trivial attribute effect." Two studies provided empirical evidences as following; first, trivial attribute effect creates a strong brand differentiation even after subjects realize that trivial attribute has no value. Second, trivial attribute effect is more pronounced in hedonic service category compared to the utilitarian category. Last, the amount of willingness to pay is higher when trivial attribute is presented and evaluated in joint evaluation mode than separate evaluation mode. Finally, we conclude with discussion and provide suggestions for further research. Keywords: brand differentiation, evaluation mode, service industry, trivial attribute Introduction Problem Definition Perhaps the most important factor for new product success is to create the meaningful brand differentiation that provides customers with superior values beyond what the competitors can offer in the same industry (Porter, 1985). Not surprisingly, more than 50 percent of annual sales in consumer product industries including automobiles, biotechnology, computer software, and pharmaceuticals are attributed to such meaningful brand differentiation by including new or noble attributes (Schilling &Hill, 1998). However, the brand differentiation that increases consumer preference is not only by introducing meaningful attributes but also meaningless attributes. For

市场营销策略外文文献及翻译

市场营销策略外文文献及翻译 Marketing Strategy Market Segmentation and Target Strategy A market consists of people or organizations with wants,money to spend,and the willingness to spend it.However,within most markets the buyer' needs are not identical.Therefore,a single marketing program starts with identifying the differences that exist within a market,a process called market segmentation, and deciding which segments will be pursued ads target markets. Marketing segmentation enables a company to make more efficient use of its marketing resources.Also,it allows a small company to compete effectively by concentrating on one or two segments.The apparent drawback of market segmentation is that it will result in higher production and marketing costs than a one-product,mass-market strategy.However, if the market is correctly segmented,the better fit with customers' needs will actually result in greater efficiency. The three alternative strategies for selecting a target market are market aggregation,single segment,and multiple segment.Market-aggregation strategy involves using one marketing mix to reach a mass,undifferentiated market.With a single-segment strategy, a company still uses only one marketing mix,but it is directed at only one segment of the total market.A multiple-segment strategy entails

营销-外文翻译

外文翻译 原文 Marketing Material Source:Marketing Management Author:Philip Kotler Marketing Channels To reach a target market, the marketer uses three kinds of marketing channels. Communication channels deliver messages to and receive messages from target buyers. They include newspapers, magazines, radio, television, mail, telephone, billboards, posters, fliers, CDs, audiotapes, and the Internet. Beyond these, communications are conveyed by facial expressions and clothing, the look of retail stores, and many other media. Marketers are increasingly adding dialogue channels (e-mail and toll-free numbers) to counterbalance the more normal monologue channels (such as ads). The marketer uses distribution channels to display or deliver the physical product or service to the buyer or user. There are physical distribution channels and service distribution channels, which include warehouses, transportation vehicles, and various trade channels such as distributors, wholesalers, and retailers. The marketer also uses selling channels to effect transactions with potential buyers. Selling channels include not only the distributors and retailers but also the banks and insurance companies that facilitate transactions. Marketers clearly face a design problem in choosing the best mix of communication, distribution, and selling channels for their offerings. Supply Chain Whereas marketing channels connect the marketer to the target buyers, the supply chain describes a longer channel stretching from raw materials to components to final products that are carried to final buyers. For example, the supply chain for women’s purses starts with hides, tanning operations, cutting operations, manufacturing, and the marketing channels that bring products to customers. This supply chain represents a value delivery system. Each company captures only a certain percentage of the total value generated by the supply chain. When a company acquires competitors or moves upstream or downstream, its aim is

外文文献(市场营销策略)

Marketing Strategy Market Segmentation and Target Strategy A market consists of people or organizations with wants,money to spend,and the willingness to spend it.However,within most markets the buyer' needs are not identical.Therefore,a single marketing program starts with identifying the differences that exist within a market,a process called market segmentation, and deciding which segments will be pursued ads target markets. Marketing segmentation enables a company to make more efficient use of its marketing resources.Also,it allows a small company to compete effectively by concentrating on one or two segments.The apparent drawback of market segmentation is that it will result in higher production and marketing costs than a one-product,mass-market strategy.However, if the market is correctly segmented,the better fit with customers' needs will actually result in greater efficiency. The three alternative strategies for selecting a target market are market aggregation,single segment,and multiple segment.Market-aggregation strategy involves using one marketing mix to reach a mass,undifferentiated market.With a single-segment strategy, a company still uses only one marketing mix,but it is directed at only one segment of the total market.A multiple-segment strategy entails selecting two or more segments and developing a separate marketing mix to reach segment. Positioning the Product Management's ability to bring attention to a product and to differentiate it in a favorable way from similar products goes a long way toward determining that product's revenues.Thus management needs to engage in positioning,which means developing the image that a product projects in relation to competitive products and to the firm's other products. Marketing executives can choose from a variety of positioning strategies.Sometimes they decide to use more than one for a particular product.Here are several major positioning strategies:

营销策略外文翻译

附件1:外文资料翻译译文 营销策略 内容提要:为了组织的销售能是成功的,它需要根据一个营销策略计划来帮助保证其努力的目标和宗旨与市场的需要想吻合。营销策略审查市场以确定潜在顾客的需要,竞争者的战略和市场地位,并且尝试制定出一套能使组织在市场上获取或维护竞争优势的相关战略。有一些因素会对营销策略计划的发展造成冲击性的影响,它包括内部因素例如组织的财产、技能和组织文化,外在因素例如各种各样的市场驱动者、市场或产业运作方式、战略窗口和竞争的本质。一个优选的营销策略计划也需具备一套意外情况防备策略以应对市场治理及组织生产能力的不确定性。 关键词:竞争优势竞争策略市场地位市场份额营销销售计划组织文化营销策略 营销策略简述 无论组织的产品或服务多么好,除非它们的价值能被传达给潜在的顾客,否则组织依然无法实现它的使命。这种传达和交流是组织内市场营销功能的职责。根据美国市场协会,营销是“一个组织效能和一套创造过程、交流和传达产品价值给顾客、处理与顾客关系的有益于组织和它的利益共享者的方式”。营销作用包括相辅相成的两方面。营销策略在市场上审查市场来确定潜在顾客和竞争者本质的需要,并且试图开发出在市场上将使组织获取或维护竞争优势的战略。操作的营销被建立在营销策略作用和贯彻各种各样的计划和策略(包括适当的混合营销的发展)吸引顾客和促进顾客忠实的基础之上的。 产品和服务营销的方法 有很多的方式能用来销售你的产品或服务包括做广告,直接响应、推销活动和宣传。然而,除非你能了解顾客、市场和产业的需要并且竞争的优势和劣势,否则这些方法是不太可能成功的。营销策略帮助一个组织尖化它的焦点和在市场顺利地竞争。营销策略与二个组分有关:目标市场和用最佳的方式传达你的产品价值或服务到那个市场。一个可实行的销售方针的发展取决于几个关键维度。首先,与组织之内的所有全球性战略一样,一个成功的销售方针需要由在组织之内的最高管理层

营销策略外文翻译文献

营销策略外文翻译文献 (文档含中英文对照即英文原文和中文翻译)

译文: 营销策略 内容提要:为了组织的销售能是成功的,它需要根据一个营销策略计划来帮助保证其努力的目标和宗旨与市场的需要想吻合。营销策略审查市场以确定潜在顾客的需要,竞争者的战略和市场地位,并且尝试制定出一套能使组织在市场上获取或维护竞争优势的相关战略。有一些因素会对营销策略计划的发展造成冲击性的影响,它包括内部因素例如组织的财产、技能和组织文化,外在因素例如各种各样的市场驱动者、市场或产业运作方式、战略窗口和竞争的本质。一个优选的营销策略计划也需具备一套意外情况防备策略以应对市场治理及组织生产能力的不确定性。 关键词:竞争优势竞争策略市场地位市场份额营销销售计划组织文化营销策略 营销策略简述 无论组织的产品或服务多么好,除非它们的价值能被传达给潜在的顾客,否则组织依然无法实现它的使命。这种传达和交流是组织内市场营销功能的职责。根据美国市场协会,营销是“一个组织效能和一套创造过程、交流和传达产品价值给顾客、处理与顾客关系的有益于组织和它的利益共享者的方式”。营销作用包括相辅相成的两方面。营销策略在市场上审查市场来确定潜在顾客和竞争者本质的需要,并且试图开发

出在市场上将使组织获取或维护竞争优势的战略。操作的营销被建立在营销策略作用和贯彻各种各样的计划和策略(包括适当的混合营销的发展)吸引顾客和促进顾客忠实的基础之上的。 产品和服务营销的方法 有很多的方式能用来销售你的产品或服务包括做广告,直接响应、推销活动和宣传。然而,除非你能了解顾客、市场和产业的需要并且竞争的优势和劣势,否则这些方法是不太可能成功的。营销策略帮助一个组织尖化它的焦点和在市场顺利地竞争。营销策略与二个组分有关:目标市场和用最佳的方式传达你的产品价值或服务到那个市场。一个可实行的销售方针的发展取决于几个关键维度。首先,与组织之内的所有全球性战略一样,一个成功的销售方针需要由在组织之内的最高管理层签名。销售方针本质上也具有政治性的色彩:在组织之内的强有力的单位在最佳的销售方针也许不同意,并且协议也许需要谈判达成。销售方针也许受组织文化的也影响,并且那得假定这发生。例如,如果组织总是销售它的装饰物给商业主管,它也许就看不到组织之内的低层人员甚至是成人或少年的个人消费潜力。 实施战略销售计划发展的因素 存在一些能冲击战略销售计划发展的因素,这些因素首先包括组织已经拥有或它可能欣然获取的财产和技能。例如,如果组织拥有一个重大编程的部门,就为它能做和销售应用软件提供了可行性的条件。然而,如果这些人员已经在其他工作介入并且不能自由研究一个新的软件项目,并且组织没能力聘用另外的程序员,起始一条新的软件线是不妥当

市场营销专业术语中英文对照标准翻译

市场营销专业术语中英文对照标准翻译 本文为市场营销中经常用到的一些中文与英文互译的标准用语,希望对市场营销从业人员有所帮助。 《财富》杂志Fortune 案头调研Desk Research 奥美公司Ogilvy & Mather 白色商品White Goods 百乐门Parliament 百威啤酒Budweiser 包裹销售法Banded Pack 宝洁公司Procter & Gamble 宝丽来Polaroid 宝马BMW 边际成本Marginal Cost 边际收益Marginal Benefit 标准差,均差Standard Deviation 别克Buick 波立兹调查公司Alfred Politz Research, Inc 波旁王朝Ancient Age Bourbon 波特福洛分析Portefolio Analysis 产品差异Product Differentiation 产品生命周期Product Life Cycle 产品系列Product Line 产品组合Product Mix 阐述Presentation 超级市场Supermarket 成对比较法Paired Comparisons 成功的理想主义者Successful Idealist 承诺型消费者Committed Buyer 程度测试Tachistoscope 橙色商品Orange Goods 冲动购买Impulse Buying 重叠率Duplication 抽样Sampling 传销Pyramid Selling 传阅发行量Pass-on Circulation 词语联想法Word Associaton 刺激营销Incentive Marketing 促销Promotion 达彼思广告公司Ted Bates & Copany 大卫·奥格威David Ogilvy 戴比尔斯De Beers

营销渠道中英文对照外文翻译文献.doc

本科生毕业设计(论文)外文翻译 学院:商贸学院 学号: 120134030 专业班级:市场营销1301班 学生姓名:宫超 指导教师:赵丹 年月日 Marketing Channels and Value Networks Most producers do not sell their goods directly to the final users between them stands a set of intermediaries performing a variety of functions. These intermediaries constitute a marketing channel also called a trade channel or distribution channel .Formally marketing channels are sets of interdependent organizations involved in the process of making a product or service available for use or consumption. They are the set of pathways a product or service follows after production culminating in purchase and use by the final end user. Some intermediaries-such as wholesalers and retailers-buy take title to and resell the merchandise they are called merchants. Others-brokers manufacturer’s representatives sales agents-search for customers and may negotiate on the producers behalf but do not take title to the goods they are called agents. Still others-transportation companies independent warehouses banks advertising agencies-assist in the distribution process but neither take title to goods nor negotiate purchases or sales they are called facilitators. The Importance of Channels A marketing channel system is the particular set of marketing channels a firm employs and decisions about it are among the most critical ones management

相关主题