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linux readme

linux readme
linux readme

来自linux-2.6.36.2/README

Linux kernel release 2.6.xx

These are the release notes for Linux version 2.6. Read them carefully,

as they tell you what this is all about, explain how to install the

kernel, and what to do if something goes wrong.

WHAT IS LINUX?

Linux is a clone of the operating system Unix, written from scratch by

Linus Torvalds with assistance from a

loosely-knit team of hackers across

the Net. It aims towards POSIX and Single UNIX Specification compliance.

It has all the features you would expect in a modern fully-fledged Unix,

including true multitasking, virtual memory, shared libraries, demand

loading, shared copy-on-write executables, proper memory management,

and multistack networking including IPv4 and IPv6.

It is distributed under the GNU General Public License - see the

accompanying COPYING file for more details.

ON WHAT HARDWARE DOES IT RUN?

在什么机器上可以跑?

Although originally developed first for 32-bit x86-based PCs (386 or higher),

today Linux also runs on (at least) the Compaq Alpha AXP, Sun SPARC and UltraSPARC, Motorola 68000, PowerPC, PowerPC64, ARM, Hitachi SuperH, Cell,

IBM S/390, MIPS, HP PA-RISC, Intel IA-64, DEC VAX, AMD x86-64, AXIS CRIS, Xtensa, AVR32 and Renesas M32R architectures.

Linux is easily portable(方便的) to most general-purpose 32- or 64-bit architectures

as long as they have a paged memory management unit (PMMU) and a port of the GNU C compiler (gcc) (part of The GNU Compiler Collection, GCC). Linux has

also been ported to a number of architectures without a PMMU, although functionality is then obviously somewhat(有点)limited.

Linux has also been ported to itself. You can now run the kernel as a

userspace application - this is called UserMode Linux (UML).

linux很容易就可以移植到32或者64位的机

器上,只要它们有内存管理单元(PMMU)和一个GNU C编译工具。

linux也可以移植到一些没有PMMU的机器上,虽然功能上有点限制。linux也可以移植到自身。你现在就可以

将内核作为一个用户空间的应用程序(UML)。

DOCUMENTATION:

- There is a lot of documentation available both in electronic form on

the Internet and in books, both

Linux-specific and pertaining to

general UNIX questions. I'd recommend

looking into the documentation subdirectories on any Linux FTP site for the LDP (Linux Documentation

Project) books. This README is not meant to be documentation on the

system: there are much better sources available.

这个文件夹下面包括了许多有用多文件,来自网络和书的电子版,还有linux和一般性unix 的问题。

我推荐去看这个文件夹下面的那些linux FTP站点。此README在系统中并不意味着是完整的说明,站点里面

有更加好的资源。

- There are various README files in the Documentation/ subdirectory:

these typically contain kernel-specific installation notes for some

drivers for example. See

Documentation/00-INDEX for a list of what

is contained in each file. Please read the Changes file, as it

contains information about the problems, which may result by upgrading

your kernel.

在每个子目录下面都有README文件,包含来内核安装的提示,比如某些驱动。看一下“Documentation/00-INDEX”

这个子目录,里面列出来每个文件。请读

“Changs”这个文件,里面包含了一些难点信息,可能要导致你内核的升级。

- The Documentation/DocBook/ subdirectory contains several guides for

kernel developers and users. These guides can be rendered in a

number of formats: PostScript (.ps), PDF, HTML, & man-pages, among others.

After installation, "make psdocs", "make pdfdocs", "make htmldocs",

or "make mandocs" will render the documentation in the requested format.

在“Documentation/DocBook/”这个子目录下

包含了内核开发者和使用者的一些向导。可以作成.ps、PDF、

HTML等格式,用命令"make psdocs"、“make pdfdocs”、"make htmldocs"或者“make mandocs”。

INSTALLING the kernel source:

- If you install the full sources, put the kernel tarball in a

directory where you have permissions (eg. your home directory) and

unpack it:

如果你想安装源代码,请安装tar打包工具,然后用以下命令:

gzip -cd linux-2.6.XX.tar.gz | tar xvf -

or

bzip2 -dc linux-2.6.XX.tar.bz2 | tar xvf -

Replace "XX" with the version number of the latest kernel.

请用“XX”代替最近内核的版本号。

Do NOT use the /usr/src/linux area! This area has a (usually

incomplete) set of kernel headers that are used by the library header

files. They should match the library, and not get messed up by

whatever the kernel-du-jour happens to be.

不要使用“/usr/src/linux”作为目录,因为这个是内核库头文件的目录。

- You can also upgrade between 2.6.xx releases by patching. Patches are distributed in the traditional gzip and the newer bzip2 format. To

install by patching, get all the newer patch files, enter the

top level directory of the kernel source (linux-2.6.xx) and execute:

你可以通过patch升级你的发行版。Patches 一般都是用gzip和bzip2打包的。为了安装补丁,

要得到所有新的patch文件,然后进入内核源代码的顶级目录,使用以下命令:

gzip -cd ../patch-2.6.xx.gz | patch -p1

or

bzip2 -dc ../patch-2.6.xx.bz2 | patch -p1

(repeat xx for all versions bigger than the version of your current

source tree, _in_order_) and you should be ok. You may want to remove

the backup files (xxx~ or xxx.orig), and

make sure that there are no

failed patches (xxx# or xxx.rej). If there are, either you or me has

made a mistake.

(打完补丁后,“xx”会替代当前源代码树的版本号),这样就ok了。你可能还要将一些备份文件删除掉,

(xxx~ or xxx.orig),确保没有失败的patches(xxx# or xxx.rej)。如果有,不是你犯错了,就是我。

Unlike patches for the 2.6.x kernels, patches for the 2.6.x.y kernels

(also known as the -stable kernels) are not incremental but instead apply

directly to the base 2.6.x kernel. Please read

Documentation/applying-patches.txt for more information.

不像“2.6.x”的内核补丁,“2.6.x.y”的内核补丁不是递增而是直接急于“2.6.x”内核的。请阅读“

Documentation/applying-patches.txt”文件,有更多信息。

Alternatively, the script patch-kernel can be used to automate this

process. It determines the current kernel version and applies any

patches found.

这个脚本“patch-kernel”被自动地使用在这个过程中,决定当前内核版本,运用在任何的补丁上。

linux/scripts/patch-kernel linux

The first argument in the command above is the location of the

kernel source. Patches are applied from the current directory, but

an alternative directory can be specified as the second argument.

上面那个放在内核源代码中。补丁们可以用于当前目录,而且可以选择不同的目录。

- If you are upgrading between releases using the stable series patches

(for example, patch-2.6.xx.y), note that these "dot-releases" are

not incremental and must be applied to the 2.6.xx base tree. For

example, if your base kernel is 2.6.12 and you want to apply the

2.6.12.3 patch, you do not and indeed must not first apply the

2.6.12.1 and 2.6.12.2 patches. Similarly, if you are running kernel

version 2.6.12.2 and want to jump to 2.6.12.3, you must first

reverse the 2.6.12.2 patch (that is, patch -R) _before_ applying

the 2.6.12.3 patch.

You can read more on this in Documentation/applying-patches.txt

- Make sure you have no stale .o files and dependencies lying around:

cd linux

make mrproper

You should now have the sources correctly installed.

SOFTWARE REQUIREMENTS

Compiling and running the 2.6.xx kernels requires up-to-date

versions of various software

packages. Consult

Documentation/Changes for the minimum version numbers required

and how to get updates for these packages. Beware that using

excessively old versions of these packages can cause indirect

errors that are very difficult to track down, so don't assume that

you can just update packages when obvious problems arise during

build or operation.

我们编译和运行内核时,需要一些软件包,并且这些软件包要符合内核更新的版本,否则

会带来

很难追踪的错误。

BUILD directory for the kernel:

为内核建立目录:

When compiling the kernel all output files will per default be

stored together with the kernel source code. Using the option "make O=output/dir" allow you to specify an alternate

place for the output files (including .config). Example:

kernel source code: /usr/src/linux-2.6.N build

directory: /home/name/build/kernel

我们编译内核时,可以将输出文件放在一起。

To configure and build the kernel use:

cd /usr/src/linux-2.6.N

make O=/home/name/build/kernel menuconfig

make O=/home/name/build/kernel

sudo make O=/home/name/build/kernel modules_install install

Please note: If the 'O=output/dir' option is used then it must be

used for all invocations of make.

readme写法

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MATLAB_readme

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Readme安装文档

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ReadMe

1 result/ |-- 00.RawData/ 【原始下机数据和原始拼接后数据】 | |-- Sample_Name/ 【每个样品对应的原始下机数据和原始拼接后数据】 | | |--*_1.fq.gz 【reads1去除barcode 和primer 后得到的序列】 | | |--*_2.fq.gz 【reads2去除barcode 和primer 后得到的序列】 | | |--*.raw_1.fq.gz 【reads1原始下机序列,包含barcode 和primer 】 | | |--*.raw_2.fq.gz 【reads2原始下机序列,包含barcode 和primer 】 | | `--*.extendedFrags.fastq 【原始下机的reads 拼接后的序列】 | |-- SampleSeq_info.xls 【所有样品的barcode 和primer 信息】 | `-- assemble_stat.xls 【所有样品的序列拼接信息统计列表】 |-- 01.CleanData/ 【质控后可用于后续分析的有效数据】 | |-- Sample_Name/ 【每个样品的质控结果】 | | |-- *.fastq 【质控后序列的FASTQ 格式文件】 | | |-- *.fna 【质控后序列的FASTA 格式文件】 | | `-- histograms.txt 【质控后的序列长度分布统计表】 | `-- QCstat.xls 【数据预处理统计及质控信息表】 |-- 02.OTUanalysis/【OTUs 聚类和物种注释结果】 | |-- OTUs.fasta 【OTUs 代表序列】 | |-- OTUs.tax_assignments.txt 【OTUs 物种注释结果】 | |-- all_rep_set_tax_assignments.krona.html 【krona 网页展示】 | |-- OTUs.tre 【OTUs 进化树文件】 | |--otu_table_even.biom 【均一化处理后biom 格式的绝对丰度表】 | |-- taxa_abundance/ 【每个样品中物种丰度信息】 | | |-- evenabs/ 【均一化处理后的绝对丰度(均一化处理使每个样品的OTUs 丰度之和相等)】

n2n-readme中文版

n2n配置说明中文版 一:在边界节点(Edge node) --------- 你需要在计划接入"同一个交流空间"的计算机都开启其"边界节点"(Edge node)的工作进程 You need to start an egde node on each host you want to connect with the *same* community. 1. become root 首先,进入特权用户下: 2. create tun device 其次,使用tunctl工具创建一个虚拟网络接口,比如tun0; # tunctl -t tun0 3. enable the edge process 第三,开启边界节点守护进程; # ./edge -d n2n0 -c mynetwork -k encryptme -u 99 -g 99 -m 3C:A0:12:34:56:78 -a 1.2.3.4 -l a.b.c.d:xyw or # N2N_KEY=encryptme ./edge -d n2n0 -c mynetwork -u 99 -g 99 -m 3C:A0:12:34:56:78 -a 1.2.3.4 -l a.b.c.d:xyw 一旦你有这样制定出来的,你可以添加“-f”选项,以使边缘分离,并作为后台进程运行。 请注意,-U,-G和-f选项不适用于Windows。

附:edge 命令格式 edge -d -a -c -k -s [-u -g ][-f][-m ] -l [-p ] [-M ] [-t] [-r] [-v] [-b] [-h] -d | tun device name -a | n2n IP address -c | n2n community name -k | Encryption key (ASCII) - also N2N_KEY= -s | Edge interface netmask in dotted decimal notation | (255.255.255.0) -l | Supernode IP:port -b | Periodically resolve supernode IP | (when supernodes are running on dynamic IPs) -p | Local port used for connecting to supernode -u | User ID (numeric) to use when privileges are dropped -g | Group ID (numeric) to use when privileges are dropped -f | Fork and run as a daemon. Use syslog. -m | Choose a MAC address for the TAP interface | eg. -m 01:02:03:04:05:06 -M | Specify n2n MTU (default 1400) -t | Use http tunneling (experimental) -r | Enable packet forwarding through n2n community -v | Verbose Environment variables: N2N_KEY | Encryption key (ASCII) 二.超级接点(suppernode),也可以理解为中心服务器节点 -------- 你需要启动一次超级节点守护进程 1. ./supernode -l 1234 -v 命令格式:supernode -l [-v] [-h] 注意;删除Root权限和suid-root用户可执行属性(UNIX) -------------------------------------------------- 边缘节点必须使用超级用户权限来创建一个TAP网络接口设备。但一

CFC-Readmek【CFC-说明文件】

SIMATIC CFC V8.0 SIMATIC S7/M7 的编程软件 安装及使用说明 这些说明应视为比其它文档中的信息更新。 请仔细阅读这些说明;它们包含了有关安装和使用CFC 的重要信息。 内容 1 交付内容 2 硬件要求 3 软件要求 3.1 操作环境 3.2 存储空间要求 4 安装 4.1 安装CFC 4.2 CFC 许可证密钥 4.3 卸载CFC 4.4 安装Borland C 编译器(针对M7) 使用说明(版本说明) 1 新版本中的新增功能和修改内容 1.1 新增内容 2 软件的组态及操作说明 2.1 来自不同版本CFC 的数据 2.2 常规信息 2.3 针对S7 的CFC 2.4 CFC 中的SFC 实例 3 文档说明 3.1 与文档所述不同的功能 安装说明 这些安装说明包含了安装CFC 所需要的重要信息。请在安装本软件之前阅读这些说明。 CFC 可在以下操作系统上运行: ?MS Windows XP Professional SP3 ?MS Windows Server 2003 SP2 Standard ?MS Windows Server 2003 R2 SP2

?MS Windows 7 Ultimate(32 位) ?MS Windows 7 Ultimate(64 位) ?MS Windows Server 2008(32 位) ?MS Windows Server 2008 R2(64 位) ?MS Windows 7 Professional(32 位) ?MS Windows 7 Professional(64 位) ?MS Windows Vista Ultimate(32 位) ?MS Windows Vista Business(32 位) 注意:不支持MS Windows XP Home 和MS Windows 2000 操作系统。 1 交付内容 您会通过此交付获得下列产品之一: SIMATIC CFC V8.0 订货号:6ES7658-1EX08-2YA5 该产品软件包含有: ? 1 张TIA Engineering Toolset V8.0 CD ? 1 个许可证密钥闪存卡 ? 1 份许可证证书 SIMATIC CFC Upgrade V7.1 -> V8.0 订货号:6ES7658-1EX08-2YE5 该产品软件包含有: ?1张TIA Engineering Toolset V8.0CD ?1个许可证密钥闪存卡 ?1份许可证证书 TIA Engineering Toolset CD(包括CFC)的内容 ? 1 CFC V8.0 软件 ?电子手册《CFC –入门指南》(针对实例项目ZEn04_01_CFC) ?电子手册:《CFC - S7 手册》 ?电子手册:《CFC - M7 手册》 2 硬件要求 要使用CFC,需要满足以下要求的编程设备或PC: ?处理器最小为600 MHz ?主内存最小为512 MB RAM 3 软件要求 3.1 操作环境 CFC 是32 位应用程序,需要使用上文列出的操作系统之一。 CFC 为可选软件包。要想使用CFC,编程设备或PC 上需要具有下列附加软件包:

README-step7 v5.4 安装说明

SIMATIC STEP 7 V5.4 Programming Software for SIMATIC S7 / M7 / C7 Notes on Installation and Usage These notes should be considered more up-to-date than the information in other documents. Read the notes carefully, because they contain information on installing and using STEP 7 V5.4. Note when printing the file that the left and right margins are set to a width of 25 millimeters for A4 portrait format. Contents Notes on Installation 1 Contents of the Consignment 2 Hardware Requirements 3 Software Requirements 3.1 Operating Environment 3.2 Memory Requirements 3.3 Compatibility with Other Software Products 3.3.1 Rational ClearCase 3.3.2 Network Settings when Using other Software Products 3.3.3 Interdependency with An Installed S7 Fault-tolerant System 3.4 Online Documentation 3.5 Upgrading from an earlier STEP 7 version and changing over from STEP 7 Lite 3.5.1 STEP 7 V5.4 Upgrade 3.5.2 STEP 7 V5.4 PowerPack 4 Installation 4.1 Installing STEP 7 V 5.4 4.2 License Key of STEP 7 V 5.4 4.3 Uninstalling STEP 7 V 5.4 4.4 Additional Notes on Installation 4.4.1 Using a Wheel-Mouse 4.4.2 Notes on using Communication Cards in PCs/ PGs 4.4.3 Installing on foreign-language operating systems Notes on Usage (Release Notes) 1 New Features and Changes in the New Version 2 Notes on Configuring and Operating the Software 2.1 How STEP 7 Fulfills the IEC Standard 2.2 General Notes 2.3 Using Network Drives 2.4 Multi-user Operation

sci期刊的说明

Readme World Scientific has produced a style/template document for MSWord, which will allow authors to prepare manuscripts that can be brought directly into the World Scientific production process for CRC titles. This will enable more accurate production of page proofs, reducing your need during proofreading to locate typographic mistakes. Installing the style file The World Scientific Word templates and sample files are located on the website in a zip format called 111-ijcis_doc.zip . Download and unzip this. Once unzipped successfully, you will find the following files: readme.pdf : preliminary guide ws-ijcis.dot : style/template file ws-ijcis.pdf : sample typeset pages using ws-ijcis.dot template Using the style file Please copy the “ws-ijcis.dot” onto your default templates directory (this will normally be something like C:\Program Files\Microsoft Office\Templates). ? To create a new document, choose New from the File menu, then select the ws-ijcis template from the Template list box before clicking OK. ? To attach the template to an existing document, first open the document, and then select the ws-ijcis Template from the Tools -> Templates and Add-ins menu. Press the “Attach Button” in the Templates and Add-ins dialogue and double click the appropriate template/style file from the file selector. Then ensure that the “Automatically Update Document Styles” check box is crossed before clicking on OK in the Templates and Add-ins dialogue. Whichever method you have used, the World Scientific styles will then be available in the Styles list box on the tool bar, and in the Style dialogue box on the “Format” menu. Applying World Scientific styles to your documents To use a style, first select the text to which you would like to attach the style, and then choose the style name from the styles list box on the tool bar or by using w sijcis Toolbar/Menu. WS IJCIS - Toolbar Draw/Remove Text Border Styles for Title, Author, Affiliation, History, Abstract & Keywords Style for Non Indented & Indented text Display Equation Style Styles for Heading 1,2,3 Styles for Table & Figure Captions Style for Appendix Headings Style for Bibliography list List Styles Style for Code/ Algorithm Printable Text Border Figure

ReadMe.EN

SoMove Lite V1.4 ReadMe This document contains important information about the SoMove Lite software. Please read the complete document before you start the installation and operation of the product. Schneider Electric assumes no responsibility for any errors that may appear in this document. If you have any suggestions for improvements or amendments or have found errors in this publication, please notify us. No part of this document may be reproduced in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, without express written permission of Schneider Electric. All pertinent state, regional, and local safety regulations must be observed when installing and using this product. For reasons of safety and to help ensure compliance with documented system data, only the manufacturer should perform repairs to components. When devices are used for applications with technical safety requirements, the relevant instructions must be followed. Failure to use Schneider Electric software or approved software with our hardware products may result in injury, harm, or improper operating results. Failure to observe this information can result in injury or equipment damage. ? 2011 Schneider Electric. All rights reserved.

linux readme

来自linux-2.6.36.2/README Linux kernel release 2.6.xx These are the release notes for Linux version 2.6. Read them carefully, as they tell you what this is all about, explain how to install the kernel, and what to do if something goes wrong. WHAT IS LINUX? Linux is a clone of the operating system Unix, written from scratch by Linus Torvalds with assistance from a

loosely-knit team of hackers across the Net. It aims towards POSIX and Single UNIX Specification compliance. It has all the features you would expect in a modern fully-fledged Unix, including true multitasking, virtual memory, shared libraries, demand loading, shared copy-on-write executables, proper memory management, and multistack networking including IPv4 and IPv6. It is distributed under the GNU General Public License - see the accompanying COPYING file for more details.

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