2016-英语语言学期末试题练习-+答案

英语语言学练习题

Ⅰ. Matching

Match each of the following terms in Column A with one of the appropriate definitions in Column B.

Column A

1.displacement

https://www.sodocs.net/doc/016775335.html,ngue

3.suprasegmental feature

4.deep structure

5.predication analysis

6.idiolect

7.pidgin

8.mistakes 9.interlanguage

10.motivation

11.arbitrariness

https://www.sodocs.net/doc/016775335.html,petence

13.broad transcription

14.morphology

15.category

16.errors

https://www.sodocs.net/doc/016775335.html,ponential analysis

18.context

19.blending

20.culture

21.learning strategies

22.selectional restrictions

23.phrase structure rules

24.culture diffusion

Column B

A.Learners’ independent

system of the second language, which is of neither the native language nor the second language, but a continuum or approximation from his native language to the target language. 9

B.Learner’s attitudes and affective state or learning drive, having a strong impact on his efforts n

learning a second language. 21

C.The rules that specify the constituents of syntactic categories. 23

D.Through communication, some elements of culture A enter culture B and become part of

culture B. 24

E. A personal dialect of an individual speaker that combines elements regarding regional, social,

gender, and age variations. 6

F. A special language variety that mixes or blends languages and it is used by people who speak

different languages for restricted purposes such as trading. 7

G.The kind of analysis which involves the breaking down of predications into their constituents-

---- arguments and predicates. 5

H.They refer to constraints on what lexical items can go with what others. 22

I.The structure formed by the XP rule in accordance with the head’s subcategorization

properties. 4

J.The phonemic features that occur above the level of the segments. 3

K.The study of the internal structure of words, and the rules that govern the rule of word formation. 14

L.The abstract linguistic system shared by all the members of a speech community. 2

https://www.sodocs.net/doc/016775335.html,nguage can be used to refer to contexts removed from the immediate situations of the speaker. It is one of the distinctive features of human language. 1

N.Learner’s

conscious, goal-oriented and problem-solving based efforts to achieve learning efficiency. 10

O.The total way of life of a people, including the patterns of belief, customs, objects, institutions, techniques, and language that characterizes the life of the human community. 20

P.The common knowledge shared by both the speaker and hearer. 18

Q.The way of word formation by which new words may be formed by combining parts of other words. 19

R. A group of linguistic items which fulfill the same or similar functions in a particular language, such as a sentence, a noun phrase or a verb. 15

S. A way proposed by the structural semanticists to analyze word meaning. This approach believes that the meaning of a word can be dissected into meaning components. 17

12

T.The ideal user’s knowledge of the rules of his language.

U.One of the properties of human language. It means that there is no logical connection between meanings and sounds. 11

V. A way to transcribe speech sounds with letter-symbols only. 13

-corrigible. 16

W.They reflect gaps in a learner’s knowledge of the target language, not self

X.They reflect occasional lapses in performance. 8

Ⅱ.Blank-filling.

Fill in the following blanks with a word, whose initial letter has been given.

1.“A rose by any other name would smell as sweet.” This quotation is a good illustration of the

a____ nature of language. Arbitrary

2.The description of a language at some point of time in history is a synchronic study; the

description of a language as it changes through time is a d____ study. Diachronic

knowledge of the rules of his language, and

3.Chomsky defines c____ as the ideal user’s

performance the actual realization of this knowledge in linguistic communication.

Competence

4.In the production of vowels the air stream coming from the lungs meets with no o____. This

marks the essential difference between vowels and consonants. Obstruction

5.The different phones that can represent a phoneme in different phonetic environments are

called the a____ of the phoneme. Allophone

6.Allophones of the same phoneme cannot occur in the same phonetic environment. They are

said to be in c____ distribution. Complementary

7.When pitch, stress and sound length are tied to the sentence rather than the word in isolation,

they are collectively known as i____. Intonation

8.The m____ unit of meaning is traditionally called morpheme. Minimum

9.I____ morphemes are bound morphemes that are for the most part purely grammatical

markers, signifying such concepts as tense, number, case and so on. Inflectional

10.Phrases that are formed of more than one word usually contain three elements: head, specifier,

and c____. Complement

11.Concerning the study of meaning, conceptualist view holds that there is no direct link

between a linguistic form and what it refers to; rather, in the interpretation of meaning they

are linked through the mediation of c____ in the mind. concept

hyponymy

12.The sense relation between “animal” and “dog” is called h____.

13.P____ refers to the phenomenon that the same word may have a set of different meanings.

Polysemy

14.What essentially distinguishes semantics and pragmatics is whether in the study of meaning

the c____ of use is taken into consideration. Context

15.S____ refers to the linguistic variety characteristic of a particular social class. Sociolect

Acronym

16.WHO is an a____ derived from the initials of “World Health Organization”．

17.According to Halliday, language varies as its function varies; it differs in different situations.

The type of language which is selected as appropriate to the type of situation is a r____.

Register

18.In cross-cultural communication, some elements of culture A enter culture B and become part

of culture B, thus bringing about the phenomenon of cultural d____. Diffusion

19.While the first language is acquired s____, the second or foreign language is more commonly

learned consciously. Subconsciously

https://www.sodocs.net/doc/016775335.html,nguage a______ refers to a natural ability for learning a second language. Acquisition

”, which is a

21.Vibration of vocal cords results in a quality of speech sounds called “ｖ

feature of all vowels and some consonants in English. V oice

22.The phonemic features that occur above the level of the segment are called s____ features.

Suprasegmental

23.Morphology refers to the study of the internal structure of words and rules for word f____.

Formation

24.The minimal unit of meaning is traditionally called m____. Morpheme

fall” is called s____. Synonym

autumn” and “

25.The sense relation between “

26.H____ refers to the phenomenon that words having different meanings have the same form,

i.e. , different words are identical in sound or spelling, or in both. Homonymy

27.In daily communication, people do not always observe the four maxims of the co-operative

principle. Conversational i____ would arise when the maxims are flouted. Implicature

28.SARS is an a____ derived from the initials of “Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome”．

Acronym

29.I____ is a personal dialect of an individual speaker that combines elements regarding

regional, social, gender, and age variations. Idiolect

refers to the particular way of pronouncing

30.RP, the short form of “R____ Pronunciation”　

standard English. Received

Ⅲ.Multiple choice.

Choose the best answer to the following items.

1.____ is considered to be the father of modern linguistics.

A. N. Chomsky

B. F. de Saussure

C. Leonard Bloomfield

D. M. A. K. Halliday

2.In the scope of linguistics, ____ form the part of language which links together the sound

pattern and meaning.

A. morphology and syntax

B. phonetics and semantics

C. semantics and syntax

D. morphology and semantics

3.____ studies the sounds from the hearer’s point of view, i.e., how the sounds are perceived by

the hearer.

A. auditory phonetics

B. acoustic phonetics

C. articulatory phonetics

4.Which of the following words begins with a velar voiced stop? ____

A. god

B. boss

C. cock

D. dog

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