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实用英语翻译笔记8

?汉译英长句翻译的基本方法

?合并法

?正译法反译法

?倒置法

?插入法

例句：

1.我们恢复和采取这些贸易方式的原因很简单：我们出口商品就是为了满足国外客户

消费方面的需要。

The reason why we have restored and adopted these trade practices is very simple. Our export commodities are to meet the need of the consumption of our foreign customers.

1.农民缺乏培训，许多农场生产效率低，是的绝大多数人=农村人口在国内处于不利的

地位。

Inadequate training for farmers and the low productivity of many farms place the vast majority of country dwellers in a disadvantageous position in their own country.

1.也许有些人很可恶，有些人很卑鄙。而当我设身为他想象的时候，我才知道：他比

我还可怜。所以请原谅所有你见过的人，好人或者坏人。

Some may be wicked some may be despicable. Only when I put myself in his position did I know he is more miserable than me. So forgive all that you have met no matter what kind of persons they are.

1.我们用自己动手的方法，达到了丰衣足食的目的。

By using our own hands we have attained the obxxxxjective of ample food and clothing.

专八翻译笔记

专八翻译笔记武汉新东方刘畅? Be strong and of good courage; do not be afraid, nor be dismayed, for the Lord your God is with you wherever you go. – Joshua 1:9 第一章综述一、何谓翻译？ ? T —— tell ? R —— reader ? A —— authentic ? N —— native ? S —— smooth ? L —— language ? A —— and ? T —— touch upon ? E —— essence ? 英语的翻译“translation”是由trans-和-late构成。翻译是指两种语言的信息转换，即甲方说的意思换成乙方的语言表达。Steiner说：“翻译就是理解。”理解的对象就是原文的意义，理解原文的意义是达到翻译标准“忠实、通顺”的前一项（忠实）的前提，“通顺”只是表达阶段的事。不论是什么翻译，意义为先，形式为次。因此，可以说，理解为先，表达为次。 ? 二、大纲要求 ? 1、教学大纲 ? 能运用翻译的理论和技巧，将英美报刊上的文章以及文学原著译成汉语，或将我国报刊、杂志上的文章和一般文学作品译成英语，速度为每小时250~300个英文单词。英文要求忠实原意，语言流畅。能担任一般外事活动的口译。 ? 2、考试大纲 ? 汉译英项目要求应试者运用汉译英的理论和技巧，翻译我国报刊杂志上的论述文和国情介绍，以及一般文学作品的节录。速度为每小时250~300汉字。译文必须忠实原意，语言通顺。 ? 英译汉项目要求应试者运用英译汉的理论和技巧，翻译英美报刊杂志上有关政治、经济、历史、文化等方面的论述文以及文学原著的节录。速度为每小时约250~300词。译文要求忠实原意，语言流畅。 ? 三、试题特点 – 1、文体： ? 汉译英：记叙、介绍、散文、论说 ? 英译汉：散文、论说、评论、演讲 – 2、语域： ? 人文历史，无科技翻译 – 3、内容：无专门学术领域知识 ? 注意： ? 1、各年的翻译选段都是较正式的语体，未见不正式的讽刺性杂文，也未见不正式的小说对话。即使涉及文学，也是作家的作品或思想介绍。 ? 2、为了帮助考生更好地理解待翻译的篇段，一般都提供较多的上下文。但考生务必只翻译划线部分。

经典中文英文翻译

经典中文的英译但愿人长久，千里共婵娟。 We wish each other a long life so as to share the beauty of this graceful moonlight, even though miles apart. 独在异乡为异客，每逢佳节倍思亲。 A lonely stranger in a strange land I am cast, I miss my family all the more on every festive day. 大江东去，浪淘尽，千古风流人物。 The endless river eastward flows; with its huge waves are gone all those gallant heroes of bygone years. 二人同心，其利断金。 If two people are of the same mind, their sharpness can cut through metal. 富贵不能淫，贫贱不能移，威武不能曲，此之谓大丈夫。 It is a true great man whom no money and rank can confuse, no poverty and hardship can shake, and no power and force can suffocate. 海内存知己，天涯若比邻。 A bosom friend afar brings distance near.

合抱之木，生于毫末，九层之台，起于累土；千里之行始于足下。 A huge tree that fills one’s arms grows f rom a tiny seedling; a nine-storied tower rises from a heap of earth; a thousand li journey starts with the first step. 祸兮，福之所依；福兮，祸之所伏。 Misfortune, that is where happiness depends; happiness, that is where misfortune underlies. 见贤思齐焉，见不贤而内自省也。 On seeing a man of virtue, try to become his equal; on seeing a man without virtue, examine yourself not to have the same defects. 江山如此多娇，引无数英雄尽折腰。 This land so rich in beauty has made countless heroes bow in homage. 举头望明月，低头思故乡。 Raising my head, I see the moon so bright; withdrawing my eyes, my nostalgia comes around. 俱往矣，数风流人物，还看今朝。 All are past and gone; we look to this age for truly great men.

考博英语翻译笔记

考博英语翻译笔记倒装和分割结构为了强调句子的某些部分，或是为了保持句子平衡，英语中常常使用倒装。大体说来，倒装可以分为主谓倒装和非主谓倒装。主谓倒装里又分为完全倒装和部分倒装。在翻译的时候，既可以按照主谓语的顺序翻译，也可以按照字面意思翻译。非主谓倒装只是将强调部分前置，以保持句子平衡或是起强调作用。翻译时可以采用顺序译法或是倒序译法。 1. For example, they do not compensate for social inequality, and thus do not tell how able an underprivileged youngster might have been had he grown up under more favorable circumstances. 分析：本句中had he grown up under more favorable circumstances 属于部分倒装。正常语序为：if he had grown up under more favorable circumstances 。在正式文体中，可以将虚拟条件句中的if 省略，并将助动词提前。译文：例如，它们(指测试)并不弥补社会的不公，因此不能说明一个贫困青年，要是在比较有利的境况下长大，会有多大才干。 2. Nonstop waves of immigrants played a role, too and so did bigger crops of babies as yesterday's “baby boom ” generation reached its child-bearing years. 分析：该句中so did bigger crops of babies 属于语法倒装。用so 来代替前述肯定句谓语部分所说情况。译文：不间断的移民浪潮也起了作用——而且随着昔日在“ 生育高峰期” 出生的一代人达到生育年龄，婴儿的出生数量增加了，这同样起了作用。 3. Much as I have traveled, I have never seen anyone to equal her in thoroughness, whatever the job. 分析：该句的Much as I have traveled 是一个由as 引导的让步状语从句。相当于though I have traveled much ，但语气要比后者强。这种结构要求部分倒装。译文：我虽然见多识广，但还从未见过比她细心的人，不管什么职业 4. Only when you have acquired a good knowledge of grammar can you write correctly. 分析：相信大家对这种结构都不陌生。Only 后加副词、介词、状语从句时要用部分倒装。但是要注意的是，如果only 修饰的不是状语，则不用倒装。译文：只有很好地掌握了语法知识，写出来的东西才会正确。 5. Nowhere do 1980 census statistics dramatize more the American search for spacious living than in the Far West . 分析：当句首是否定副词或含有否定词的词语时，一般要部分倒装。译文：1980 年哪里的人口普查统计资料也不如远西地区的更能生动地说明美国人对宽敞的生活环境的追求。 6. Hardly had he began to speak when the audience interrupted him. 分析：hardly…when的结构表示“冈U…就…”。含有这种结构的句子常将hardly 置于句首，而采用部分倒装的语序。此外，hardly分句中一般采用过去完成时，而when (或before )分句中使用过去时。还有，与hardly…when… 结构类似的用法还有barely (scarcely)…whe n … 译文：他刚开始讲，听众就打断了他的话。 7. To such length did she go in rehearsal that two actors walked out.

英语专八考试复习资料推荐

专业八级虽然难度挺高的，但是准备有素，通过的可能性还是很大的，关键在于准备的方法上，以前总是看到有人拿一本12000的单词天天的背，诚然单词量固然重要，但是不可一味的背单词，如果只背背单词，到考试时候就会觉得很郁闷，为什么有些单词看上去熟悉，却还不大确定是什么，而且即使知道什么意思，阅读还是模模糊糊，搞的很不清楚。听力好象听懂好难的单词，却不懂一整篇的大意！如何才可以做到顺利过关呢？总结一句话：分项击破，以强补弱，各项平均，总体突破。也就是说在平时积累词汇的同时，多做练习，注意控制好时间，每练习一套，就要大概算出每项得分情况，什么地方差补什么，如此反复，毕有提高。练习题最好用上外的，我记得当时我师兄准备考研，没怎么准备TEM-8,他寒假回去只完完全全，认认真真听完整本上外出版的上海市紧缺人才考试用书的《高级英语听力教程》，专八考了我们班第一，听力单项第一，当然我不是误导大家去听一本听力就行了（因为我师兄各项基本功一直很棒，拿过很多次一等奖学金，现以留校了），我是推荐大家有精力去听听肯定有所提高，本人现在工作了，仍然听这一套资料，语音非常纯正，简直是一种享受！我自己考专八的时候翻译不行，但是听力感觉非常好，大头分拿得多自然就容易过。下面转贴一篇文章，我04年考之前我也看过，不知大家看过没，虽然今年改革了，但希望对大家有那么一点点作用，我觉得写的还好：专业八级的虽然难度较大，但在全国的英语专业的学生考试的成绩来看，通过率是很高的，全国平均通过率是百分之六十多，为什么通过率这么高？就我个人的观点而言，是因为专八考试的题目采分点多，每道小题都是一分，特别是阅读理解这样容易失分的部分，每道题也都是一分，与四、六级不同。下面我将就将对专八考试的各部分体型的特点做出评价。 1 听力包括听情景对话、长时间的交谈、英语广播、还有复合式听写。前两部分的难度和六级差不多，关键是后两部分。英语广播主要是VOA和BBC的新闻，没有什么应试技巧可言，关键要考平时多听这两个电台的广播来培养语感。复合式听写是听力部分乃至全卷中最难的，要求先听一段用标准语速英语念的文章（只念一遍），在放音的同时要求考生做听力笔记，然后再根据自己所做的笔记去完成一个没有提供选项的完型填空（填十个单词进去），这部分需要有很好的速记能力，要分清语篇里哪些是关键词，哪些不是，当然有遗漏是在所难免，但是要尽量争取少有遗漏，还是那句话：要注意句首、句尾的总结性的话，还有带判断语气的话。 2 阅读分为一般阅读和快速阅读两部分。前者的应试技巧和六级无二，而后者则要求在十分钟的时间内看完六到七篇文章，每一篇文章都附有一个或两个问题。就我的经验而言，这些题目不会涉及对文章主题思想等深层问题的理解，都是一些比较肤浅的问题。这部分要求考生具备一目几行的阅读技巧和很强的搜索信息的能力，如果这方面的能力比较强的话，这类快速阅读应该是比较容易得分的 3 改错在错误点的设置方面与四六级改错相比增加了“逻辑错误”部分，这个的难度是比较大的，有时候替换错词的词和其在本质上没有任何联系，主要看是否符合上下文的语境还有表达方式是否妥当等方面。 4 翻译包括英译汉和汉译英。首先当然要阅读相关的介绍翻译常识的文章、书籍，掌握一些翻译的基本技巧，但最主要的还是要勤练笔，当然要扩大词汇量是不可缺少的。翻译的文章大多是说理性的。2001年的翻译试题，汉译英出得比较容易，英译汉部分出得较难（涉及很抽象的伦理学）。

经典古文英文翻译

经典古文英文翻译CLASSIC LITERATURE IN ENGLISH TRANSLATION -- EXTREMELY USEFUL AND HELPFUL 但愿人长久，千里共婵娟。 We wish each other a long life so as to share the beauty of this graceful moonlight, even though miles apart. 独在异乡为异客，每逢佳节倍思亲。 A lonely stranger in a strange land I am cast, I miss my family all the more on every festive day. 大江东去，浪淘尽，千古风流人物。 The endless river eastward flows; with its huge waves are gone all those gallant heroes of bygone years. 二人同心，其利断金。 If two people are of the same mind, their sharpness can cut through metal. 富贵不能淫，贫贱不能移，威武不能曲，此之谓大丈夫。 It is a true great man whom no money and rank can confuse, no poverty and hardship can shake, and no power and force can suffocate. 海内存知己，天涯若比邻。 A bosom friend afar brings distance near. 合抱之木，生于毫末，九层之台，起于累土；千里之行始于足下。 A huge tree that fills one’s arms grows from a tiny seedling; a nine-storied tower rises from a heap of earth; a thousand li journey starts with the first step. 祸兮，福之所依；福兮，祸之所伏。 Misfortune, that is where happiness depends; happiness, that is where misfortune underlies. 见贤思齐焉，见不贤而内自省也。 On seeing a man of virtue, try to become his equal; on seeing a man without virtue, examine yourself not to have the same defects. 江山如此多娇，引无数英雄尽折腰。 This land so rich in beauty has made countless heroes bow in homage. 举头望明月，低头思故乡。 Raising my head, I see the moon so bright; withdrawing my eyes, my nostalgia comes around. 俱往矣，数风流人物，还看今朝。 All are past and gone; we look to this age for truly great men. 君子成人之美，不成人之恶。 The gentleman helps others to achieve their moral perfection but not their evil conduct. 君子独立不惭于影，独寝不愧于魂。 A righteous man never feels ashamed to face his shadow when standing alone and to face his soul when sleeping alone. 君子之交淡如水，小人之交甘如醴。君子淡以亲，小人甘以绝。 The friendship between men of virtue is light like water, yet affectionate; the friendship between men without virtue is sweet like wine, yet easily broken. 老吾老以及人之老，幼吾幼以及人之幼。 Expend the respect of the aged in one’s family to that of other families; expend the love of the young ones in one’s fa mily to that of other families. 礼尚往来。往而不来，非礼也；来而不往，亦非礼也。 Propriety suggests reciprocity. It is not propriety not to give out but to receive, or vice versa.

英语翻译——笔记整理及单词概述

考研翻译重点词汇 Abstract n.摘要，概要，抽象 adj.抽象的，深奥的，理论的 Accelerate vt.&vi.（使）加快，（使）增速， n.接受速成教育的学生 Account (1)看法,认识 (2)解释,说明 Account for 占…(多大)比重; 解释, 说明 Achievement n.成就；成绩；功绩，达到；完成 Acquire vt.得到，养成，vt 获得；招致，学得（知识等），求得，养成（习惯等），捕获， Action n.作用，动[操]作，行动，机械装置[作用]，（小说等中的）情节 Activity n.活动，活动的事物，活动性，机能，功能 Actually adv.现实的，实际的；目前的；明确的，有效的 Additional adj.增加的，额外的，另外的 Advance vt.&vi.（使）前进，（使）发展；促进， vt.提出 Advantage n.利益，便利，有利方面，有利条件；优点；优势，（网球等）打成平手（deuce ）而延长比赛后一方先得的一分（攻方所得称 advantage in ，守方所得则称 advantage out ） Agree vi.一致；相合同意，赞成约定，允诺，答应，相宜，调和，符合，和睦相处 Almost adv.几乎，差不多，差一点；将近 Amount n.量，数量，数额，总额，总数 vi.合计，共计 An immense amount of … 大量 An amount of … 一些 A certain amount of … 某些 Analogous 与…类似, 与…相似 And 而, 然而 Apply … to … ≈ lie with 存在于,发生于 Approach vt.&vi.接近，走近，靠近； vt.接洽，交涉；着手处理； n.靠近，接近，临近 Appropriate adj.适当的，恰当的； vt.挪用；占用；盗用 Argue vt.&vi.争吵，辩论； vt.坚决主张，提出理由证明，说服，劝说 Arise vi.&link v.呈现；出现；发生； vi.起身，起来，起立 As 译为 (1) 像, 如 ; (2) 作为 As … as (比较的两者要一致) = not so … as 译成:“… 和 … 一样 ” As is mentioned above 如上所述, (如上所示,如图所示---作文可以写) Aspect n.方面，方位，朝向 Assert vt.声称，断言，维护，坚持 Assume vt.假设，认定, 臆断，猜想，假装，担，担任，就职 Attempt n.尝试，企图vt.尝试，企图 Augment vt.增加，提高，扩大； n.增加，提高，扩大 Availability n.可用性，有效性，实用性 Base n.基础，底座，基地，根据地 vt.把…建立在，以…为基础 Behavioral adj.动作的，行为方面的 Big bang 大爆炸理论 Branch n.树枝，枝条，支，分科，分系； vi.出枝，树叉 Breakthrough : 突破 Break prison (监狱)越狱 Break out v. 爆发 Out break: n. 爆发

专八翻译技巧

八级翻译的八大技巧及实例讲解 1.选词（1）Among prominent summer deaths, one recalls those of Marilyn Monroe and James Deans (2000) 说起那些英年早逝的杰出人物，人们自然会想到玛丽莲·梦露和詹姆斯·迪恩斯…… （2）In his classic novel, The Pioneers, James Fenimore Cooper has his hero, a land developer, with his cousin on a tour of the city he is building. (2003) 在其经典小说《开拓者》中，詹姆士·菲尼摩尔·库珀让主人公，一个土地开发商，带着他表妹参观他正在建设的一座城市。（3）Do not dicate to your author: try to become him. (2005) 不要对作者发号施令/指手画脚，要努力站在作者的立场上。（4）这儿水草肥美，让它们长得肥滚滚的，像些胖娃娃。(2007) By eating the luxuriant/lush/exuberant water grass, they grow fat and look like chubby babies. （5）会议室门口贴着一条通告：请与会者关闭手机。(2009) Usually a notice is put on the front door of a conference room which reminds the participants to switch off their mobile phones. 2.词类转换（1）The rules of the game are an arbitrary imposition of difficulty. (2001) 游戏规则就是把困难武断地强加于人。（2）In his classic novel, The Pioneers, James Fenimore Cooper has his hero, a land developer, with his cousin on a tour of the city he is building. (2003) 在其经典小说《开拓者》中，詹姆士·菲尼摩尔·库珀让主人公，一个土地开发商，带着他表妹参观他正在建设的一座城市。（3）War with all our might and with all the strength God has given us, and to wage war against a monstrous tyranny (2006) 尽我们的力，用上帝赋予我们的全部力量，同一个穷凶极恶的暴政进行战争…… （4）Our world is bursting with knowledge—but desperately in need of wisdom. (2007) 当今世界知识爆炸，而我们仍然十分迫切地需要智慧。（5）也许它们要抓紧时间，在即将回家的最后一刻再次咀嚼。(2007) Perhaps they are using every minute to chew again before going home. Perhaps they are using every minute to enjoy their last chew before being driven home. （6）尤其在乡间，上千年来人们一直以不变的方式生活着。（2002） This is particularly true of the people living in rural areas/the countryside where their way of life/living has remained unchanged for thousands of years. （7）古来一切有成就的人，都很严肃地对待自己的生命 (2005) Throughout history, outstanding people have always been very serious about their lives… 词类转换有一定的规律可循，在汉英翻译中，汉语的动词常常转换成英语的名词、形容词、介词；汉语的形容词和副词有时也转换成英语的名词；在英汉翻译中，词类转换主要是英语的名词、介词、形容词、副词转换成汉语的动词。 3.形合和意合的转换（1）Winners are not afraid to do their own thinking and to use their own knowledge. (2002)

经典英语翻译

课本翻译的答案（整理）： Unit1 英译汉A 1.The college schedule is very different than the traditional high school schedule. Generally, there is a lot more flexibility with your college classes. 大学的日程安排跟传统高中差别很大，通常大学课程有更多的灵活性。 2.The other cool thing about the college schedule is that you usually have more opportunities to explore your interests and passions. 大学日程安排还有一件事很酷，你通常有更多的机会发展自己的兴趣爱好。 3.There will always be some courses that are only offered on certain days at certain times, but for the most part, there are a lot of options to think about! 总有些课程是只在固定日子的固定时段开的，但是对于大多数课程，你有很多选择！ 4.However, college is like high school in that you will have the opportunity to get involved by joining different clubs, organizations, and maybe even by getting a part-time job. 然而，在大学像在高中一样你有机会参加各种活动，加入不同的俱乐部和组织，甚至可能找到一份兼职。 5.Of course, the best way to see what a true day in the life of a college student is like is to actually get the schedules of some college students! 当然，要看一个大学生一天的真实生活是什么样的，最好的方式其实是拿到一些大学生的日程表。 B 1.caught a glimpse of him sitting in the car 2.in search of new opportunities 3.without my being aware of it 4.are involved in different extracurricular activities 5.but ignore others' feeling 汉译英如今，中国共有大约2500万名大学生，是十年前的五倍，并且这个数字有望持续增长。中国设立的学位制度包括学士、硕士和博士三个学位等级(Bachelors, Masters and Doctoral degrees)。中国的大学通常依据学生的高考(the National Higher Education Entrance Examination)成绩招生。公立大学对学生择优录取，被看做国家经济的主力。踌躇满志的学子们急切地等待考试结果，因为成绩能决定他们是否能进入著名的公立大学。 Today, there are about 25 million university students in China—five times the number a decade ago—and that number is expected to keep growing. China has set up a degree system, including Bachelors, Masters and Doctoral degrees. Universities in China generally select their students based on students’performances in the National Higher Education Entrance Examination. Publicly run schools get their pick of the best students and are viewed as engines of the economy. Ambitious students eagerly await their exam results, which determine whether they can get into a prestigious public school.

实用英语翻译笔记8

?汉译英长句翻译的基本方法 ?合并法 ?正译法反译法 ?倒置法 ?插入法例句： 1.我们恢复和采取这些贸易方式的原因很简单：我们出口商品就是为了满足国外客户消费方面的需要。 The reason why we have restored and adopted these trade practices is very simple. Our export commodities are to meet the need of the consumption of our foreign customers. 1.农民缺乏培训，许多农场生产效率低，是的绝大多数人=农村人口在国内处于不利的地位。 Inadequate training for farmers and the low productivity of many farms place the vast majority of country dwellers in a disadvantageous position in their own country. 1.也许有些人很可恶，有些人很卑鄙。而当我设身为他想象的时候，我才知道：他比我还可怜。所以请原谅所有你见过的人，好人或者坏人。 Some may be wicked some may be despicable. Only when I put myself in his position did I know he is more miserable than me. So forgive all that you have met no matter what kind of persons they are. 1.我们用自己动手的方法，达到了丰衣足食的目的。 By using our own hands we have attained the obxxxxjective of ample food and clothing.

实用口译笔记符号(完美打印版)

实用口译笔记符号一. 地名简写原词速记符号原词速记符号Korea K Sweden SD Switzerland SW 东西南北中等方位“|－” the Republic of Korea(南朝鲜) ROK “K” the Democratic People’s Republic of Korea（北朝鲜） DPRK “_K” Eastern Germany (东德) “G|”Western Europe（西欧）“|EU” 二. 货币简写原词速记符号原词速记符号Sterling/pound ￡US dollar $ Renminbi/RMB ￥Australian dollars #A Austrian schillings Sch Canadian dollars Can$ Eurodollar €New Zealanddollars NZ$ Japanese yen 円三．时间简写原词速记符号原词速记符号 hour hr minute ’ second ’’morning m afternoon a evening/night/tonight n today d yesterday .d the day before yesterday ”d tomorrow d’the day after tomorrow d’ ’day by day/everyday dd last night ’n next morning m’ this week w the week before last ”w Monday 1w Tuesday 2w Wednesday 3w Thursday 4w Friday 5w Saturday 6w Sunday 7w this month m January 1m February 2m March 3m April 4m

经典英语翻译汇总

In short,we must study happiness scientifically 总之，必须科学地研究这个问题。 This conclusion is grounded in scores of studies around the word 这一结论是从世界范围内的几十个调查研究中得出的。 And what we also are doing is showing off 我们同样也在卖弄 And (although we have been taught that it's bad to boast, that it's trashy to toot our own horn),that nice people don't strut their stuff，seek attention or name-drop，there are times when showing off maybe forgivable and maybe even acceptable 尽管有人教导我们说，自我吹嘘不好，自吹自擂没用，好人从不炫耀自己，从不出风头或借名人来抬高自己。然而，有些时候卖弄可以得到原谅，甚至是可以接受的。 “Oh，I don't know，”he replied，“but all of a sudden the talk started getting so superficial.” “哦，没什么，”他回答说，“不过，我感到话题一下子变得那么肤浅了。” Sometimes showoffs ask for cheers to which they're not entitled 有的时候，卖弄者们企求他们没资格得到的喝彩 For we know very well—I certainly know— that( if we'd been that lucky lady，we'd have worked our triumph into the conversation) 我们很清楚，假如我们是那位幸运的女士的话，我们就会想方设法把自己的胜利纳入话题，这一点我当然明白。 As a matter of fact，I'll lay my cards right on the table and confess that the first time some poems of mine were published,I not only worked my triumph into every conversation for months and months),but I also called almost every human being I'd ever known to proclaim the glad tidings both local and long distance. 其实，我可以坦白交代：当我诗歌首次发表时，我不仅成年累月地谈及此事，还不厌其烦地打电话给本地的和外地的几乎所有认识的人，宣告喜讯。 "Enough about me.Let's talk about you.So what do you think

口译笔记常用符号

4.3.2 口译笔记常用符号在学会了对原语进行逻辑和思维路线再现之后，用适当的符号替换逻辑或者思维再现图中的部分文字，实际上就是口译笔记了，当然在真实的口译实践中，笔记还可以更进一步地简化。相当多的口译初学者觉得口译员使用的符号很神秘，看起来像天书一样，进而“神话”口译员的工作。其实口译员使用的符号主要来自于原语、译入语，小部分借用了速记符号。现在我们看看口译员常用的符号来源： 4.3.2.1 汉字、汉字偏旁部首、古汉语、简化汉字、拼音大university, adult, generous, open-minded, large-size… 中middle school, medium-sized, intermediate, in the middle of, neutral,… 小primary (elementary), kid, children, mean, petty,… 凝聚ningju或者nju 饕餮taotie或者ttie “戈”可以用来代替“武器” 偏旁部首举例：简化汉字举例： 4.3.2.2 英语、英语字母英语单词的缩写规律：保留单词的辅音，去除元音，当然首字母是元音必须保留。一般保留三至五个辅音就可以帮助回忆整个单词，例如： impoverishment: impvr

debility: dblt rejuvenate: rjvn department: dpt standard: std reference: rfr 口译学习者还需要记住常用国际组织、专用名词、国家名及其首都名的缩写，例如： UN, UNESCO, NATO, APEC, OPEC, … Intellectual property protection: IPP NK, SK, CN, US, UK… 口译学习者还可以自己开动脑筋，充分发挥自己的创造性和想象力，开发出简介实用的笔记符号，下面以英文大写字母为例，看看如何创造性地在笔记中使用这些大写字母： A: first, top, excellent, extraordinary, outstanding, remarkable, unusual E: eyesight, economy, economic, economical, electronic, East F: failure, false, wrong, not true, full, flag G: government, God H: health, help, support, connect, bridge, cross, Hour I: I / we, my (our) party, eye L: long, lengthen, prolong M: money, mail, mother, mountain, movement, McDonald, man, May, Member (ship), mm… N: nose, nation, name, nothing, no, negation, deny, need, necessary, North O: zero, circle, old, orange, our, one, empty, world, all, success, complete P: pm, peace, park, pay, politics, people, perfect, president, prime minister, head, flagship Q: quality, quantity, quarter, question, cute, balloon, head, suspect, doubt, unknown, difficulty R: respect, representative, request, about, relations, return S: smile, snake, turns and twists, society, social, silence, curve, slim T: time, tea, cross-disciplinary, compound, T-shirt, T-stage, disagreement, dispute, disapproval U: you (your party), pitfall, trap, recycle, cycle, return, valley V: victory, triumph, vs, valley, bottom, tip W: west, western, wave, fluctuate, ups and downs X: X-ray, XL, wrong, negation, cross, times, execute, kill Y: why, year, yes, approve, agree, young, deviate, tree, servant Z: zero, zoo, last, zigzag, turns and twists, dream, sleep (comic strip) 从以上例子可以看出，我们可以从拼写、发音以及字母的结构等方面来进行联想，在笔记中创造性地使用这些符号。 4.3.2.3 箭头箭头在口译笔记中的使用可以毫不夸张地说“占了半壁江山”，首先动词的位置往往由右箭头代替。下面看看箭头的用法：

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