【被动语态】
(一)语态:
英语的语态是通过动词形式的变化表现出来的。
英语中有两种语态:
主动语态和被动语态。
主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者。
例如:Many people speak Chinese.
谓语:speak的动作是由主语many people来执行的。
被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者,即行为动作的对象。
例如:Chinese is spoken by many people.
主语Chinese是动词speak的承受者。
(二)被动语态的构成
被动语态由“助动词be+及物动词的过去分词”构成。
人称、数和时态的变化是通过be的变化表现出来的。现以
do为例说明被动语态在各种时态中的构成。
一般现在时:am/is/are+done
一般过去时:was/were+done
一般将来时:will/shall be+done
现在进行时:am/is/are being+done
过去进行时:was/were being+done
现在完成时:have/has been+done
(三)被动语态的用法:
1.不知道或没有必要说明动作的执行者是谁。
例如:Some new computers were stolen last night.一些新电脑在昨晚被盗了。(不知道是谁的)This bridge was founded in 1981.这座桥竣工于1981年。
2强调动作的承受者,而不强调动作的执行者。
例如:The glass was broken by Mike.玻璃杯是迈克打破的。
This book was written by him.这本书是他写的。
Your homework must be finished on time.你们的家庭作业必须及时完成。
(四)主动语态变被动语态的方法
1把主动语态的宾语变为被动语态的主语
2把谓语变成被动结构(be+过去分词)(根据被动语态句子里的主语的人称和数,以及主动语态句子中动词的时态来决定be的形式)。
3把主动语态中的主语放在介词by之后作宾语,将主格改为宾格。例如:All the people laughed at him. →He was laughed at by all people.
They make the bikes in the factory. →The bikes are made by them in the factory.
He cut down a tree. →A tree was cut down by him.
(五)含有情态动词的被动语态
含有情态动词的主动句变成被动句时,由“情态动词+be+过去分词”构成
We can repair this watch in two days. →This watch can be repaired in two days.
They should do it at once. →It should be done at once.
(六)特殊情况
1.He made the boy work for two hours yesterday. →The boy was made to work by him for two hours yesterday.
2.Mother never lets me watch TV . →I am never let towatch TV by mother.
3.Jack gave Peter a Christmas present just now. →(1)A Christmas present was given to Peter by Jack just now. →(2)Peter was given a Christmas present by Jack just now.
常见的句型结构:It is(was)agreed(believed/decided/hoped/thought......)that......大家同意(相信、决定、希望、认为)...... It is(was well known that......众所周知It is(was)taken for granted that......被视为当然It must be remembered that......务必记住...... It mustn’t be forgotten that......千万别忘记...... 3 It is(was)said(reported,heard,told,suggested)that......据说(报道、听说、知建议......)
二、典型例题
(1).The Olympic Games ___________every four years.
Aare held B were held C.are holding D.will ho1d
(2). In the art show,a lot of enjoyment _ _to foreign friends by the Chinese paintings.A.is giving B is given C will give D has given
(3). Today Chinese is becoming more and more popular. It _________in. many schools around the world. A. teaches B. is teaching C. has taught D. is taught
(4). Ba Jin, one of the greatest writers in China, ________as "People's Writer".
A. is regarded
B. has regarded
C. is regarding
D. regards
(5). Usually computers _________to search the Internet.
A. use
B. are using
C. are used
D. used
(6). --Do you often clean your classroom?
--Yes. Our classroom __________every day.
A. clean
B. cleans
C. is cleaned
(7).一Did you hear that water in Tai Lake smelt terrible?
一Yes.In fact,it ____.That's all because of the people and the factories around.A.polluted B was polluted C has polluted D.was po11ute
(8). --Our environment is getting worse than before.
--You're right. But thanks to Earth Day_______, people have done more and more useful things to protect(保护)the earth since Earth Day.
A. is started
B. was started
C. has started
(9). ---I feel very happy that I ____to be the host.
---Congratulations!
A. choose
B. am chosen
C. was chosen
D. haven chosen
(10). Many trees and flowers ______ in our school last year,and they made our school a beautiful garden.
A.plant B.planted C.have planted D.were planted
(11).Some famous paintings __________in the hall next week.
A. will show
B. were shown
C. is shown
D. will be shown
(12). A talk on developments in science and technology in the school hall next week .
A. given
B. will be given
C. has been given
D. gives
(13).---Great changes have taken place in this city.
---Right. Many modern tall buildings have been ______ these days.
A.turned up
B. put up
C. shown up
D. fixed up
B.
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