高考英语新名词知识点技巧及练习题附解析

高考英语新名词知识点技巧及练习题附解析

一、选择题

1．The literature masterpiece Macbeth by Shakespeare will be better understood if readers look at the tragedy in the historical _________ of the Elizabethan and Jacobean periods, an era of relative stability.

A．content B．contest C．context D．contact

2．I suggest you apply for membership. Members can get a 15% ____________.

A．discount B．dictation C．favor

3．One of the Disney cartoon characters, Donald Duck, is always quick to find ____ with others and brings laugher to people of all ages.

A．mistake B．error C．blame D．fault

4．Be sure to read the ______ in the guidebook before you begin to use the new computer. A．instructions B．solution C．descriptions D．message

5．—In spring, hens start laying eggs again, bringing a welcome source of protein.

—It is ____ that lots of cultures celebrate spring by honoring the egg!

A．no doubt B．no surprise

C．no way D．no need

6．If violence is not kept in check by bringing the guilty to ____, matters will go beyond what the public can tolerate.

A．equality B．justice C．regulation D．liberation

7．It’s her ________ of time to medical research that helped Tu Youyou win the Nobel Prize. A．supply B．respect C．devotion D．arrangement 8．The building under _____for stay-at-home children will be completed in March A．contribution B．construction

C．coincidence D．composition

9．Finding the ________ to this problem is no easy task .

A．relaxation B．imagination C．invention D．solution 10．During the early ____________of planetary evolution, they served to sweep the solar system. A．stages B．journeys C．species D．demands 11．Nearly a year after his____________ from prison, he was still unable to sleep properly. A．expedition B．transformation C．link D．release

12．As we all know, there is a close ______ between diet and health.

A．connection B．evidence C．power D．belief 13．Modem TVs use many of the ________ first discovered by Farnsworth, who contributed a lot to the development of TV

A．platforms B．principles C．sources D．symptoms 14．American English has so many_________because the American people have come from all over the world.

A．grammar B．vocabulary C．pronunciations D．dialects 15．Teachers have to constantly update their knowledge in order to maintain their professional ________．

A．consequence B．independence

C．competence D．intelligence

16．Olympic athletes bring joy to people across the world with their____________ to push the boundaries of human achievement.

A．intelligence B．influences C．impression D．attempts

17．A _______ will be paid to anyone who brings back the money Mr. Brown lost,

according to the advertisement.

A．price B．profit C．reward D．salary

18．One reason for her preference for city life is that she can have___________ to places like shops and restaurants.

A．method B．access C．way D．means

19．I have read the material several times but it doe sn’t make any________to me. A．meaning B．importance C．sense D．significance 20．On _________ that all go smoothly, we can realize our annual goals as expected. A．situation B．case C．condition D．environment 21．Giving up my job to go back to full-time education was a big __________, but now I know it was the best decision I ever made.

A．project B．commitment C．competition D．ambition

22．In the process of getting rid of racial________,the USA is left far behind. A．discrimination B．compromise C．substitute D．disadvantage 23．—Any ________ to how long I can keep the book?

—Yes. You must return it by next Tuesday.

A．limit B．time C．number D．length

24．He wins the Nobel Prize for his outstanding _________to physics.

A．contribution B．conclusion C．addition D．explanation 25．He has been spreading false stories in a(n)____________to smear(诽谤)us.

A．attempt B．programme C．intention D．dream

【参考答案】***试卷处理标记，请不要删除

一、选择题

1．C

解析：C

【解析】

【分析】

【详解】

考查名词词义辨析。句意：读者们如果关注伊丽莎白一世和詹姆斯一世那段相对稳定的时代的历史背景下的悲剧，就能更好地理解莎士比亚的文学著作《麦克白》。A. content内容；B. contest比赛；C. context环境，上下文；D. contact联系。这里联系the Elizabethan

and Jacobean periods，要用historical context表示“历史背景”。故选C项。

2．A

解析：A

【解析】

【详解】

考查名词词义辨析。句意：我建议你申请入会。会员可以享受15%的折扣。A. discount折扣；B. dictation听写；C. favor帮助，赞同。根据上一句建议入会，所以推知入会是有好处的，故选A。

3．D

解析：D

【解析】

【详解】

考查名词词义辨析。句意：迪士尼的卡通人物之一唐老鸭总是急着去挑别人的毛病，给各个年龄段的人带来笑声。A. mistake错误；B. error错误；C. blame责备；D. fault缺点、毛病。find fault with sb是固定搭配，表示“挑某人毛病”，故D项正确。

4．A

解析：A

【解析】

【详解】

考查名词词义辨析。句意：在你使用新电脑前，一定要阅读说明书上的说明。A. instructions指示，说明；B. solution解决方法；C. descriptions描述；D. message信息。结合句意可知，此处用“说明”符合语境，故选A项。

5．B

解析：B

【解析】

【分析】

【详解】

考查名词词组辨析。句意：——到了春天，母鸡又开始下蛋了，这给它们带来了蛋白质。——许多文化都以鸡蛋来庆祝春天，这并不奇怪。A.no doubt 毫无疑问； B.no surprise 不惊讶；C. no way没门；D. no need不需要。固定句型：It is no doubt that…“毫无疑问……”；It is no surprise that…“不足为奇……”；It is no wa y that…“那是不可能的……”；It is no need that…“没必要……”。结合句意，故选B。

6．B

解析：B

【解析】

【详解】

考查名词词义辨析。句意：如果不能通过将罪犯绳之以法来制止暴力，事情将超出公众所能忍受的范围。A. equality平等；B. justice正义；C. regulation管理；D. liberation解放。根

据句意及选项可知，此处使用名词justice。故选B。

7．C

解析：C

【解析】

【分析】

【详解】

考查名词词义辨析。句意：正是她对医学研究的投入，帮助屠呦呦获得了诺贝尔奖。A. supply提供；B. respect尊重；C. devotion奉献，投入；D. arrangement安排。根据Tu Youyou win the Nobel Prize可知，屠呦呦对医学研究的投入了很多时间。故选C。

8．B

解析：B

【解析】

【分析】

【详解】

考查名词辨析及固定搭配。contribution贡献，捐赠，捐助；construction建造，建筑物; coincidence巧合; 一致；composition作文，作曲。句意: 正在被建的留守儿童楼将于3月竣工。本句说的是建筑物，因此要用建造中。under construction意为“（正在）修建中”，因此选B。

9．D

解析：D

【解析】

【分析】

【详解】

考查名词词义辨析。句意：找到这个问题的解决办法不是一件容易的事。A. relaxation放松；B. imagination想象力；C. invention发明；D. solution解决方法。根据后文to this problem可知是找到问题的“解决方法”。故选D。

10．A

解析：A

【解析】

【分析】

【详解】

考查名词词义辨析。句意：在行星演化的早期,他们用来清扫太阳系。A. stages阶段；B. journeys旅程；C. species物种；D. demands要求。根据planetary evolution可知，此处用“阶段”符合语境，故选A项。

11．D

解析：D

【解析】

【分析】

考查名词词义辨析。句意：从监狱释放差不多一年以后，他仍然睡不好。A. expedition远征；B. transformation改变；C. link连接；D. release释放。根据from prison, he was

still unable to sleep properly意可知，此处用“释放”符合句意，故选D项。

12．A

解析：A

【解析】

【详解】

考查名词辨析。句意：我们都知道，饮食和健康之间有密切的联系。A. connection联系；B. evidence证据；C. power力量，能力；D. belief信念，信仰。此处指饮食和健康两者的联系，故选A。

13．B

解析：B

【解析】

【分析】

【详解】

考查名词词义辨析。句意：现代电视使用了最初由Farnsworth发现的许多原理，他对电视的发展做出了很大贡献。A. platforms平台；B. principles原则；C. sources来源；D. symptoms症状。根据句意可知，现代电视利用了由Farnsworth发现的原理，故选B。14．D

解析：D

【解析】

【分析】

【详解】

考查名词词义辨析。句意：美式英语有很多方言，因为美国人来自世界各地。A.grammar

译为语法；B.vocabulary词汇；C.pronunciations发音；D.dialects方言”。根据题干中“come from all over the world”，可知美国是由来自世界各地的人组成，所以有很多方

言。故选D项。

15．C

解析：C

【解析】

【分析】

【详解】

考查名词词义辨析。句意：老师们要不断地更新自己的知识以保持他们能够胜任工作的能力。A. consequence 结果； B. independence独立； C. competence 资格，能力，胜任，称职；D. intelligence 智力。根据句意，C项符合此处语境。故选C。

16．D

解析：D

【详解】

考查名词。句意：奥运健儿们努力突破人类成就的极限，为全世界人民带来了欢乐。A. intelligence智力，理解力；B. influences影响；C. impression印象，效果；D. attempts企图，试图。结合句意可知D项符合语境。

17．C

解析：C

【解析】

【分析】

【详解】

考查名词词义辨析。句意：据广告上说，能将布朗先生丢失的钱找回来的人将得到奖赏。

A. price价格；

B. profit利润；

C. reward奖赏；

D. salary工资。根据who brings back the money Mr. Brown lost以及结合生活常识，可知有人帮失主找回丢失的财物，应该是获得“奖赏”。故选C。

18．B

解析：B

【解析】

【分析】

【详解】

考查名词词义辨析。句意：她喜欢城市生活的一个原因是她可以去商店和餐馆之类的地方。 A. method方法；B. access机会、通道；C. way方法；D. means方法。我们用“have access to”表达“可以到达、有机会”这一含义，满足句意“她可以去这些地方”。故此题选B。

19．C

解析：C

【解析】

【分析】

【详解】

考查名词词义辨析。句意：这个材料我已经读了好几遍了，但对我来说毫无意义。A. meaning意思；B. importance重要性；C. sense意义；D. significance重要性。根据语境可知，此处是短语make sense“有意义，讲得通”的否定变化。故选C。

20．C

解析：C

【解析】

【分析】

【详解】

考查名词词义辨析。句意：如果一切顺利，我们就能按预期实现我们的年度目标。A. situation形势；B. case情况；C. condition状况；D. environment环境。on condition that是固定搭配，意为“如果……、在……条件下”，分析句意可知，我们实现我们的年度目标的

条件是一切顺利，故此题选C。

21．B

解析：B

【解析】

【分析】

【详解】

考查名词词义辨析。句意为：放弃我的工作并重新接受全日制教育是一个重大的决定，但现在我知道这是我做过的最好决定。A.project项目；https://www.sodocs.net/doc/0817800070.html,mitment承诺，投入，花费；https://www.sodocs.net/doc/0817800070.html,petition比赛；D. ambition志向。根据句意可知，故选B项。

22．A

解析：A

【解析】

【详解】

考查名词词义辨析。句意：在摆脱种族歧视的过程中，美国被远远抛在后面。A. discrimination歧视；B. compromise妥协；C. substitute代替；D. disadvantage缺点。根据空前的“racial”可知，此处指种族“歧视”，故选A项。

23．A

解析：A

【解析】

【分析】

【详解】

考查名词辨析。句意：——我能借多长时间有限制吗？——是的。你必须在下星期二之前归还。A. limit限制；B. time时间；C. number 数字；D. length长度。结合后文的回答“You must return it by next Tuesday.”可知询问的是借书的时间有没有“限制（limit）”。故选A。

24．A

解析：A

【解析】

【详解】

考查名词词义辨析。句意：他因对物理学的突出贡献而获得了诺贝尔奖。A. contribution贡献；B. conclusion结论；C. addition增加，附加物；D. explanation解释。根据“He wins the Nobel Prize”可知，此处指对物理学的突出“贡献”。故选A项。

25．A

解析：A

【解析】

【分析】

【详解】

考查名词词义辨析。句意：他一直在传播虚假故事试图诽谤我们。A. attempt企图，试图；

B. programme节目，项目；

C. intention意图，目的；

D. dream梦想。根据句意可知，此处考查固定短语in an attempt to do sth.“试图/企图做某事”，故选A项。

2018高考英语核心考点

必修一 unit 1 friendship Words: considerate, interrupt,benefit,appreciate,communicate,ignore,suffer,entirely Phrases: turn to sb for help,take sth seriously,calm down, be concerned about, suffer from, in order to, go through, in addition sentence structures: 1. Being polite is necessary. 2.What I want to stress is that you should work hard to achieve your dreams. 3.I would appreciate it if you give me an early reply at your earliest convenience. 4.While walking the dog, you should be careful as it can bite others/ 5. There was a time when I felt depressed and confused about what I would do. 6. It was the first time that I had met such a bad guy. 7.It is you who should be responsible for yourselves. Unti2 English around the world words: official request gradually frequent expression fluent actually phrases: rather than other than make use of such as play a part in. be based on , even if no such sentence structures: ①the way that /in which you talk to him ②command order advise suggest require that sb should ③request sb. to do， allow sb to do ④when it comes to… ⑤Hearing what the English teacher said ,I was more than grateful. ⑥It is no use crying over spilt milk. ⑦He is such an outstanding boy that he has mastered languages. ⑧have difficulty/problem/trouble communicating with sb. Unit3 Travel Journal words: conduct, behavior, finally ,persuade, reliable, determination, preference. phrase: be fond of, give in/up/away/out, put up ,can hardly wait to do sth , make up one's mind ,graduate from ,manage to do ,care about , sentences structures: ①insist/suggest/advice that the law be obeyed. ②the problem is difficult to solve. ③prefer to do sth rather than do sth. ④Careful as she is, she makes mistakes. Unit4 words: damage bury ruin extremely injury national frightened survivor survival phrases: judge...from be buried in be trapped in a great number of burst into tears end up with at the end of，burst out crying，sentence structures: 1.The problems I have learning English are difficult to solve. 2.I am pleased to see that you have already made great progress in learning English

2020年高考：英语知识点高频必考归纳

2020年高考：英语知识点高频必考归纳 1.able 用法：be able to do Note: 反义词unable表示不能，而disabled表示残疾的。 be able to do可以表示经过艰难困苦才能做到的事。 2.abroad 用法：表示到（在）国外，是一个副词，前面不加介词。 Note: 可以说from abroad, 表示从国外回来。 3.admit 用法：表示承认的时候后面要加上动名词形式。 Note: 表示允许进入的时候与介词to搭配。 4.advise 用法：advise sb. to do; advise doing Note: 后面的宾语从句要用虚拟语气。即：advise that sb. (should) do的形式。 5.afford 用法：通常与动词不定式搭配使用。 Note: 前面需要有be able to或can等词。 6.after 用法：表示在时间、空间之后；be after表示追寻。 Note: 用在将来时的时候后面接一时间点，而in接一个时间段，如：after 3 o’clock; in 3 days. 7.agree 用法：与介词on, to, with及动词不定式搭配。 Note: agree on表示达成一致；agree to表示批准；agree with表示同意某人说的话。 8.alive 用法：表语性形容词，在句中只能作表语，不能作定语。 Note: 可以作状语使用，表示活活地，如：bury sb. alive. 9.allow 用法：allow doing; allow sb. to do Note: 可以表示允许进入，如：Please allow me in. 10.among 用法：用在三者或三者以上的群体中。 Note: 还可以表示其中之一，如：He is among the best. 11.and 用法：用于连接两个词、短语、句子或其他相同结构。 Note: 与祈使句搭配时往往可以表示条件。如：Work hard, and you’ll succeed sooner or later. 12.another 用法：表示又一个，泛指，相当于one more的含义。 Note: 不能直接加复数名词，需要与一个数词搭配，如：another 2 weeks. 13.answer 用法：及物动词，但在作名词时要与介词to搭配。 Note: 可以表示接电话、应门等。如：answer the phone/door. 14.anxious 用法：be anxious for/about/to do Note: be anxious about表示担心；be anxious for表示盼望得到。 15.appear 用法：不及物动词，没有宾语，没有被动语态。 Note: 还可以作为系动词，与seem同义，表示看起来……。 16.arrive 用法：arrive at表示到一个小地方；arrive in表示到一个大地方。 Note: 引申含义表示得出，如：arrive at a decision/conclusion. 17.ask 用法：ask to do; ask sb. to do; ask for Note: 后面的宾语从句要用虚拟语气。即：ask that sb. (should) do的形式。 18.asleep 用法：表语性形容词，在句中只能作表语，不能作定语。 Note: 通常与动词be及fall搭配；sound asleep表示熟睡。 19.attend 用法：表示参加，后面经常加上meeting, lecture, conference, class, school, wedding, funeral等词；也可以表示照顾，照料。 Note: attend to可以表示处理、照料等。 20.attention 用法：pay attention to; draw/catch sb’s attention Note: 写通知时的常用语：May I have your attention, please?

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