(省重点中学)译林英语8B_Unit1_Past_and_present_知识点与练习

牛津译林版8B Unit1 Past and present 知识点与练习

I.词汇的学习

词性变化

1.north(n) →(adj) _________

2. wife(n) →(pl)_________

3. possible(adj) →(反义)________

4. lonely(adj) →(adv)_________

5. communicate (v) →(n)________

6. space(n) →(pl)________

7. waste(n) →(v) ________8. factory(n) →(pl) ________

9. marry(v)→(adj)________

重点词汇讲解

https://www.sodocs.net/doc/0915649177.html,ed to do sth (过去常常做某事)

be used to do sth （被用来做某事）

get/be used to doing sth (习惯于做某事)

(否)did not use to do /used not to do

疑问句_______________________________/_____________________

----Used you to play basketball ?

----Yes, I used to. /No, I usedn’t.

She used to go to school by bike. (否/ 一般疑问句)

EX:

①---How is your grandma ?

---She is fine. She used to ________ TV at home after supper. But now she is used to _____ out for a walk.

A. watch, go

B. watching, go

C. watching, going

D. watch, going

②Tom used to live in London and now he ______ in Shanghai.

A. used to live

B. is used to live

C. is used to living

D. is used for living

③( )She ________ live alone. But she _________ living alone because she feels lonely.

A. used to , doesn’t used to B .is used to , was used to

B. used to , is not used to D. was used to , doesn’t used to

2.turn…into … = change…into…把……变成……

1)变成turn into或change into

打开/关闭那灯声音调高/调低

They turned the reading room into a laboratory.

Bad beginnings may turn into good endings.

现在，这个小村庄已经变成一个现代化大城市。

turn 系动词她的脸变红了。

EX: ( ) Please ________these sentences ________English.

A. turn; into

B. turn; on

C. turn; down

D. turn; off

这家老的电影院已经变成了一家大型超市。

2)turn构成的以下短语

turn on开turn off关turn up调高（指音量）turn down调低（指音量）

turn around转身by turns轮流,交替in turn依次;轮流turn in交出;上交

take one's turn依次;轮流It's one's turn to do sth.轮到某人做某事

3. a bit +adj./ adv. = a little + adj. / adv.有点...

a little + 不可数名词. = a bit of +不可数名词

EX:

①There is _________ (有点) water in the glass.

②( )I find the watch expensive.

A. much more

B. very

C. a little

D. too

③( )---Can you speak English, Mr Wang ?

---Yes, but only _________.

A. little

B. a little

C. a lot

D. a bit of

③It is ________ cold these days and many of us have caught ________ cold.

A. a bit; a bit

B. a bit; a bit of

C. a bit of; a bit

D. a bit of; a bit of II.重点短语

in the bowl/ on the plate put the waste into the river

How well do you know…?/How much do you know about…?

in the northern part of...= in the north of 在。。。的北部

get married move two blocks away

since then (现在完成时)over the years(现在完成时)

in the past(过去时) in the past two years(现在完成时)

noise pollution/ water pollution/air pollution 噪音/水/空气污染

used to do sth./ be used to do sth./ be used for doing sth./be(get) used to (doing) sth. take action to improve the situation in some ways

most of my old friends see each other as often as before

used to play cards and Chinese chess feel a bit lonely

from time to time = at times有时be nice/friendly/helpful/kind to ...

hear about the film move into

go abroad with her parents keep in touch with each other communicate by email make communication much easier

large open spaces travel around the town

be in use\be in service 在使用have an interview with sb.

III.重点句型

1.Starlight Town has changed a lot over the years.

1)=There have been great changes in Starlight Town.

=Great changes have taken place in Starlight Town.

change v. 变化，改变

e.g. Where did you change your plane？

change cn. 变化，改变

Great changes have taken place since 1976.

change un. 零钱Here is your change.

2)change v. 变化，改变

Where did you change your plane？

Nothing will 什么都不能改变我的主意。change cn. 变化，改变

Great changes have taken place since 1976. 一九七六年以来发生了巨大的变化。

阳光镇的变化the Sunshine Town.

change un. 零钱Here is your change. I don't have any change with me.

3)over the years “历年；多年来；多年以来”

相当于during the years，常与现在完成时连用.

This village ________ (not change) over the years.

在过去的五年里over/during/in the last/past five years.

EX:

①The changes _______ our town are great.

A. in

B. of

C. at

D. on

②Here is your ___________.(change)

2.Oh, I think I have heard about the film.

1)hear about听说，相当于hear of

Have you heard about Mo Yan?

2)hear from 收到。。。的来信= get a letter from

= receive a letter from

=have a letter from

Amy heard from her friend.= Amy got a letter from her friend.

=Amy received a letter from her friend.

= .

EX:

①好久没有收到你的来信了。

I haven’t ______________________ you for a long time.

②( )I _________ Mr. Smith since she moved to Shanghai.

A. didn’t hear from

B.don’t hear from

C.won’t hear from

D. haven’t heard from

3.I hope I can visit it again.我希望我能再次参观它。

1)hope 及物动词，希望，期望。

I hope you’ll be better soon.

2)hope 名词，意为“希望，期望” in the hope of ...希望...

Where there is life, there is hope.有生命就有希望。

3)在简略句中，hope与so连用表示肯定，与not连用表示否定。

---I hope to have a new MP4.

---I hope so.

辨析hope & wish

Hope 表示实现某一愿望有把握或有信心，后可接动词不定式或者从句，接名词或者代词时应加for。

Wish表示难以实现的愿望，也可以用于表示祝贺，后可接名词、代词、动词不定式、复合宾语或从句。

也可以用作名词。

①hope to do sth ②hope + that从句

③wish sb to do sth ④wish+从句

EX:

①---Bad weather ! Do you think the rain will stop soon?

---___________. I want to play baseball outside.

A. I hope so

B.I don’t mind

C. No problem

D. Not at all

②Best ____ for you.

③I wish you ____ and success in the future.(happy)

4. A river runs through the center of town.一条河横穿镇中心。

辨析：across & through

1)across横穿，与十字路口形成十字，而through指在立体空间中的穿过。

go through the forest 穿过森林

go across the street 穿过大街

2)through表示贯通，直穿，透过，穿过，即从一边贯穿到另一边。

The river runs through our city.

3)across 表示横穿，横过，横渡，横跨

I swam across the Changjiang River 20 years ago.

EX:

①( )The Xiamen-Shenzhen high speed railroad will run ________ eight cities.

A. across

B. through

C. over

D. cross

②他穿过了大厅。He passed ____________ the hall.

③过马路前要左右看。Look left and right before you go ________ the street.

IV.重点语法：现在完成时

1.现在完成时的含义

A.表示从过去某一时刻开始一直持续到现在的动作或状态。这个动作可能刚停止，可能仍

然在进行。常带有for和since等表示一段时间的状语。

如：He has taught here since 1981（可能还要继续教）

I haven't seen her for four years.

B．表示过去某时发生的行为对主语目前产生的影响。即用过去发生的某个行为来说明现在的某种情况。

We are good friends. (现在的情况）

I knew him in 1997.（过去的动作）

We have known each other since 1997.（现在完成时把过去动作和现在联系起来并着眼于现在）

2.动词过去分词的构成方法

A．规则变化。规则变化与过去式相同。

a．通常加-ed，如：visited，finished。

b．以不发音的e结尾的直接加d，如：lived，moved。

c．重读闭音节的双写最后一个辅音加-ed，如：travelled，planned。

d．以辅音字母+y结尾的动词，把y变为i再加ed，如：studied，cried。

B．不规则变化。（需逐一记忆）

3.与现在完成时连用的时间状语

a.用副词already和yet

already一般用于肯定句中，yet一般用于否定句和疑问句中。

yet用于疑问句，表示“已经”；用于否定句，表示“还”。

如：We have already finished our homework.我们已完成作业了。

They haven't finished their homework yet.他们还没有完成作业。

Have you finished your homework yet? 你已经完成你的家庭作业了吗？

b. 用ever 和never。多用于否定或疑问句中，表示“曾经”或“从未“等。

如：-Have you ever been to the Great Wall?

-I have never been to the Great Wall.

c. 用表示到说话为止的过去时间状语，如just, before, up to now, the past few years等

I have seen her before, but I can not remember where.

He has been there three times the last few days.

d.用包括“现在”在内的时间状语，如：now, today, this morning (month, year, term)等。如：--Have you met him today? -No, I haven't.

How many times have you been there this year?

4.现在完成时的句型

a．It is the first / second/… time that+从句（从句用现在完成时）

It is the first time that she has visited the city.

这是我第三次看这部电影。

这是我第一次坐飞机旅行。

b. This is the +形容词最高级+名词that +从句（从句用现在完成时）

This is the best film that I've (ever) seen.

I must say that it’s the best model I have ever seen.

这是我玩过的最有趣的游戏。

c. It’s +一段时间+since从句(或It has been +一段时间+since从句)自从某事发生已有一段时间了.

It is /has been two years since my brother joined the army.

It’s over twenty years since we last me t.

It’s a long time since our last vacation.

It's a long time since we ____ (meet) last, isn't it?

5.现在完成时与一般过去时的区别

现在完成时与一般过去时都表示“动作已经发生”，但不同点在于：

（1）现在完成时强调这一动作与现在的关系，即对现在产生的结果、影响等，而一般过去时只表示过去的事实，不表示和现在的关系。

He has learned French for three years.他学法语已经三年了。

He learned French for three years.他曾经学过三年法语。

Who has taken my bag? I couldn't find it.谁拿走了我的包？我找不到了？

He cleaned the house yesterday.他昨天打扫过房间。

The room is clean, for he has cleaned it already.房间很干净，因为他已经打扫过了。（2）现在完成时不可与表示过去的时间副词连用，而一般过去时则可以。

He has done some washing.

He did some washing yesterday. 他昨天洗衣服了。

EX:

1.Look, the floor is so clean . Who _________ (sweep) it?

1.Li Ming _______ (sweep) the floor yesterday afternoon.

3.Jim (make) many friends since he (come) to China.

4.He ______ already ______(write) a letter to the factory to ask them to stop making noise.

5.He ________ (try) many ways to restart the computer, but it doesn’t work.

6.He _____ (try) his best to swim across the river, but failed.

7.It is the second time that I ______(see) the film. "Titanic".

8.It is the best works of art that she _______(create).

9.They ______(know) each other for about ten years.

10.—When ______ she ______(leave)? —Two hours ago.

11. —______ you ______(see) the film before? —Yes, I ______.

—Where ______ you ______(see) it? —At The Queen’s Cinema.

12.They didn’t start to work in the field until the rain ______(sto p).

同步练习

一、词汇运用

1.Have you been to Hong Kong __________(recent)?

2.There are many new _________(develop) here. How great!

3.Stop! It’s ___________(correct) to throw litter everywhere.

4.Many old people often feel ________(alone) because their children do not live with them.

5.This kind of painting first appeared about two ___________(century) ago.

6.Daniel showed our English teacher his__________(近期的) photos.

7.Protecting our _____________(环境) is the most important thing that we must do.

8.This primary school has many __________(优势).It lies in the centre of the city.

9.Noise is still a _________(真正的) problem in the city.

10.The railway station has been in _________(服务) since 2006.

二、单项选择

( )1.We can find him anywhere. Perhaps he _________ home.

A. is going

B. went

C. has gone

D. would go

( )2.---Have you finished your homework _________?

---No, I haven’t finished it ________.

A. till; yet

B. yet; already

C. yet; yet

D. already; already

( )3.He’s never been to Japan,___________?

A. is he

B. has he

C. isn’t he

D.hasn’t he

( )4.---_________ my book? ---Yes, I saw it on the desk a minute ago.

A. Do you see

B. Had you seen

C. Would you see

D. Have you seen

( )5.---Where is Tom?

---He _________ for America. He will stay there for a week.

A. had left

B. has left

C. left

D. will leave

( )6.---__________ have you visited Nanjing? ---Three times.

A. How many times

B. How often

C. How long

D. How soon

( )7.The old man has lived in the country __________ thirty years ago.

A. while

B. for

C. when

D. since

( )8.---_______ has he been like this? ---Ever since last week.

A. How long

B. When

C. How often

D. How much

( )9.Isn’t Miss Lu in the office? ---No, she isn’t. She ______ for two hours.

A. was out

B. went out

C. has been out

D. has gone out

( )10.---Is your grandfather an English teacher?

A. used to

B. happened to

C. tried to

D. had to

( )11.---Where is our principal? ---He _________ to Hong Kong for a meeting.

A. goes

B. went

C. will go

D. has gone

( )12.---Why didn’t you see the newest Harry Potter movie?

---Because I _______ it.

A. see

B. saw

C. have seen

D. will see

( )13.---________ Tom _________ here just now?

---No, I haven’t seen him since yesterday afternoon.

A. Has; come

B. Did; come

C. Has; been D .Does; come

( )14.What a wonderful model plane! It’s ________ one that I ________.

A. the best; have ever seen

B. the best; ever saw

C. good; have ever seen

D. good; ever saw

( )15.Jim knows little about Canada. He’s never been there,_______?

A. isn’t he

B. has he

C. is he

D. hasn’t he

( )16.---Have they finished the work? ---_______.But I think they will finish it soon.

A. Not yet

B. Ever since

C. They have

D. Later on

( )17.Mr Chen ________ Beijing for ten years, so he knows the city very well.

A. has been to

B. has gone to

C. has been in

D. went to

( )18.It’s more than ten years since I _______ a teacher.

A. become

B. have become

C. became

D. becomes

( )19.We all know that China has changed a lot________ the past ________ years.

A.in; few

B. on; a few

C. over; a few

D. in; a few

( )20.She has practiced dancing _________ about two hours today.

A.for

B. since

C. yet

D. already

三、动词填空

1.No student _________(make ) such great progress as Jack in the past three years.

2.--________ you _________ (know) the girl __________(wear) red?

---Yes, she is Millie. She_______(move) to our town last month.

3.The bridge _________(be) in use for more than a month.

4.Thank you for _________(lend) me a book.

5.Many changes ___________ (take place) in our daily life since the invention of the computer.

6.________ you ever ________ (make) a ship ?

7.Things _________ (change) a lot over the years.

8.It is nice ________ (have) a pretty garden.

四、完形填空

There is good news for the children in the countryside. We may still remember the girl__1___ big eye. Her big eyes are ___2__ us her dream: I wish to _3____! In China, there are still ___4___ girls and boys like her. They want to go to school, but their __5__ are too poor. If the family has two or three children, it is harder to ___6_ the money for all the children. So the parents often ask __7__ to stay at home, and boys to go to school.

Now they needn’t ___8_ the money. From 2006 on, children can go to school for free in

some poor places. They don’t have to pay for books and other things. Some of them can even get money from the government( 政府) to make their life __9__. Soon, all the children in the countryside can go to school for free. All families are very happy with the news. It is __10__ great.

（）1. A. with B. on C. to D. in

（）2 .A .saying B. telling C .speaking D. talking

（）3. A. go to work B. go to bed C. go to school D. go home

（）4.A.a lot B .lot of C .a lot of D .much

（）5.A. schools B .cities C. houses D .families

（）6.A .pay B .take C. buy D. lend

（）7.A. teachers B .girls C .boys D . all the children （）8.A. look up B. turn on C .worry about D. make sure

（）9.A. better B .shorter C. longer D. worse

（）10.A. not B. never C. hardly D. really

五、阅读理解

Coffee has played an important role in people’s lives for thousands of years, and today coffee is grown and enjoyed worldwide, it is still one of the favorite drinks in the world. Many people in the world begin their busy day by drinking a cup of coffee or several cups of coffee. They have always said that a cup of coffee in the morning helps them begin their day in the right way.

Do you know what in the coffee makes our bodies and brains (头脑)active? It is caffeine (咖啡因). Caffeine may increase a person’s mental and physical ab ilities (精力和体力). For example, two cups of coffee will make you breath (呼吸) faster and augment body temperature. All this makes your heart beat faster, and doctors warn that this may be a little dangerous.

Caffeine is found in tea, coffee, chocolate and some other foods. A little caffeine is probably not harmful. But too much caffeine can make people nervous and sleepless.

( ) 1. “A cup of coffee in the morning helps them begin their day in the right way.”

What does it mean ?

A. A cup of coffee helps them do the right job.

B. A cup of coffee helps them act in the right way the whole morning.

C. A cup of coffee makes their work more interesting.

D. A cup of coffee makes them full of spirit for the work the whole day.

( ) 2. The underlined word “augment ” means __________________.

A. make more

B. drink

C. stop

D. make less

( ) 3.Coffee is found in ____________________________________.

A. tea and water

B. chocolate, meat and some other foods

C. coffee and cream

D. coffee, tea, chocolate and some other foods ( ) 4. From the passage, we may know drinking coffee late at night might ___________.

A. give you a headache

B. make you fall asleep

C. keep you awake

D. may be dangerous

( ) 5. Which of the following is NOT true?

A. People have used coffee since thousands of years ago.

B. Caffeine does no harm to our body.

C. Two cups of coffee will make you breathe faster and increase body temperature.

D. Caffeine may in crease man’s mental and physical ab ilities.

六、根据中文完成句子

1.这儿已经变成一个新的公园，多漂亮啊！

The place_____________________________ already. How beautiful!

2.越来越多的车辆给城市带来了许多问题。

More and more cars have______________________________ in cities.

3.他们不能像以前那样下中国象棋。

They can’t_________________________________ as before.

4.我得说这是我见过的最好的模型。

I must say that_____________________________________.\

5.他们自早上开始为这工作面试了二十人。

_________________________________for this job since this morning.

6.我们已经很长时间没见面了，但我们时不时地通邮件。

We ______________________________,but we send e-mails from time to time.