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高考英语词汇精讲

高考英语词汇精讲
高考英语词汇精讲

2016年高考英语词汇精讲

审阅:孙飞

主编:黄福奎

词汇精讲1

【重点动词】:

stare凝视;recover恢复;base基础;launch发射;request请求;transport运输;prefer偏爱;march行军;stand忍耐.

(1)stare /ste?(r)/

[vi] .盯着看;显眼;倒立,直竖起;

【固定短语】:stare at盯着;

[vt].凝视;盯着他的眼睛;

[n].凝视,瞪视;

【词形变换】:第三人称单数:stares;过去分词:stared;现在进行时:staring;过去式:stared;【例句】:Why did you stare at teacher's face in the history exam? 刚才考历史,你为什么总盯着监考老师的眼睛?

We stared at him in amazement. 我们惊奇地注视着他。

【词义辨析】:gaze, gape, glance, glare, glimpse, peer, peep, stare

这两个单词虽然都表示“匆匆地一望”,但是glance表示有意地、有目的地一望,有时带有暗暗地看的含义(区别于“正视”)。因此与之搭配地动词一般都是指主语有意发出的动作,如cast a glance at(向看一眼), give a glance(望一眼), take a glance(匆匆一看,浏览); 而glimpse 则大都表示“无意地、无目的地偶然、碰巧地一望”,现在多用作名词,强调看到的不是全貌。与之搭配的动词一般都是指主语非有意发出的动作,如catch (have, get, gain, obtain)a glimpse. 如:

His father threw a disapproving glance at him.他父亲不满地瞥了他一眼。

He glanced over the letter he had just received.他把刚收到的那封信粗略地看了一遍。

I took a glance at the newspaper. 我把那张报纸浏览了一下。

I caught (get) a glimpse of his face as he ran past. 那个人跑过去的时候,我瞥见了他的面孔。

其他相关的词语有:

peep 偷看,强调从隐藏处偷看或从小孔窥视

Look, the child is peeping at us through the curtain!

stare 盯,凝视,指出于好奇、惊讶、赞叹等原因而长时间地、直接地注视,常含粗鲁无礼的意味。

It's rude to stare at a stranger up and down.

I told my son to stop staring at that fat woman; it wasn't nice.我告诉儿子不要盯着那个胖女人,那样看人不礼貌。

gaze 凝视、注视,指出于好奇、感兴趣而长时间目不转睛地看。

The old man often gazes at the apple tree outside his window as if it reminds him of something. She gazed at her beautiful new diamond ring. 她凝视着自己的这颗美丽崭新的钻戒。

glare 怒目而视,强调怀有敌意或在气愤的情绪下看。

The angry crowd glared at the savage murderer.

The woman glared at the man after he shouted rudely at her.

那男人粗暴地冲她大声喊叫,她也怒目而视

peer 指半闭着眼或眯着眼看,暗含好奇和看不清楚的意味。

She peered through the mist, trying to find the right path home.、

being somewhat short-sighted, she has the habit of peering at people.因为有点近视,她有眯着眼睛看人的习惯。

Old photographs give one a brief ____ of the past.

A.glance

B. glimpse

C. sight

D. look

Gape v. (张着嘴、瞪大眼睛)呆看,强调一种吃惊的状态。

The children gaped at the big elephant in the zoo.在动物园,孩子们张大了嘴巴呆呆地看着大象。

peep v. 窥视,偷看。

The mother peepedsintosthe bedroom to see if her child was asleep.

母亲偷偷向卧室看了一下,看她的孩子是否睡着了。

【词汇精练】:

[1]. Children should be taught not to _____ the disabled people.

A. stare at

B.glance at

C.gaze at

D.glare at

[2]. _______her and then try to copy what she does.

A.mind

B.see

C.stare at

D.watch

[3]. After a quick ________ at the newspaper, he went for the meeting.

A. glance

B. notice

C. glare

D. stare

(2)recover /r??k?v?(r)/

[vt.]恢复;找回;重新获得;恢复(适当的状态或位置);

[vi.]恢复健康(体力、能力等);

[n]恢复开始时姿势;

【词形变换】:第三人称单数:recovers;过去分词:recovered;现在进行时:recovering;过去式:recovered;

【词根记忆】:re(back)+cover(cover)→寻回;恢复;补偿;痊愈

【例句】:It took me three months to recover. 我花了三个月才恢复过来。

I hope you will recover soon under this healthful climate.我希望在这种有益健康的气候下,你会很快地康复起来。

recover from fatigue 从疲劳中恢复过来;recover the damages 得到赔偿

recovery[n]恢复,复原;重获;痊愈;矫正;

【词形变化】:复数:recoveries;

【词根记忆】:re(back)+cover(cover)+y→寻回;恢复;痊愈

【例句】:Why might a sharp structural fiscal tightening promote recovery?为何大规模的结构性财政紧缩有可能促进复苏?

The doctors said her recovery was a miracle.医生说她的康复是个奇迹。

Steady recovery平稳回升;Make a quick recovery迅速痊愈

【词汇精练】:

[1]. It took him a year to _____ from the disaster.(包头市田家炳中学高一)

A. return

B. revise

C. recover

D. reply

[2]. Nowadays, teachers should give less homework to students in order to ______ the amount of pressure they have.

A.reduce B.recover C.remove D.remain

[3]. Because he is very strong, he will ______ his health soon.

A.recover B.recover from

C.be recovered D.recovery

(3)base /be?s/

[n].基础;基地;根据;基数(如十进制的10 和二进制的2);

[vt.]基于;把…建立在;把…放在或设在(基地);把…置于底座(或基座)上;[adj].卑鄙的;低级的;贱的,劣的;庶生的;

【词形变换】:第三人称单数:bases;过去分词:based;现在进行时:basing;复数:bases;最高级:basest;比较级:baser;过去式:based;

【例句】:Our base is under attack! 我们的基地被袭击了!

The beacon does not shine on its own base. 灯塔照不到自己的底座。

【词义辨析】:base, basis, foundation, ground

这些名词均含有“基础”之意。

base侧重指构成或支撑某一具体物体的基础,也可指军事基地或用作比喻意义。

basis主要用作抽象或引申意义。

foundation用于具体意义时,侧重指坚固结实的建筑物的基础或地基;用作比喻意义时,与basis基本相同。

ground含义与basis和foundation接近。一般指某种决定、论点或关系的基础,也可指某种原因的基础。

It's based on the idea _______ all people are created equal, _____ is accepted by most people.

A.that; that

B. which; which

C. which; when

D. that; which

(4)launch /l?:nt?/

[vt.]发射; [计算机]开始(应用程序);发动;开展(活动、计划等);

[vi.] 投入;着手进行;热衷于…;

[n.] 投掷;大船上的小艇;大型敞篷摩托艇;

【词形变换】:第三人称单数:launches;过去分词:launched;现在进行时:launching;过去式:launched;

【例句】:In 1970, China successfully launched a man-made satellite. 1970年,中国成功地发射了一颗人造卫星。

The Red Army bided their time to launch a counterattack. 红军按兵不动,伺机发动反击。

The publishing house is going to launch out a new journal.那家出版社准备发行一份新期刊。launch into=start on 着手进行;开始从事;launch a new enterprise 创办一个新企业

launch date 下水日期;发行日期;上市日期;

【词义辨析】:launch; send; deliver; transport

launch发射,发送(火箭、卫星、飞行器等);

transport运输,运送;

deliver投递,递送(包裹等);

send 打发,派遣,寄信,送信,派人,一般与to 一起用。

【词汇精练】:In order to promote its brand, the company has put a lot of money and energy to launch an advertising _____.(武汉市重点中学高一期末)

A. struggle

B. movement

C. event

D. campaign

(5)request /r??kwest/

[n.] 要求;需要;所请求的事物;申请书;

[vt.](下级对上级的)请求;请求得到;索取;邀请[常接不定式或从句];

【词形变换】:第三人称单数:requests;过去分词:requested;复数:requests;现在进行时:requesting;过去式:requested;

【词根记忆】:re(again)+quest(seek)→请求;需要;要求

【例句】:Chinese officials didn't respond to request for comment. 中国官员对于发表评论的请求没有做出回应。

a written request 书面要求[申请];at my request.根据我的请求;

At the request of; at the dband of 应某人的要求;accede to a request 答应某人要求;【注意】:在含有request的名词性从句中,要用虚拟语气,从句谓语动词(should)+do;We request the conference should be hold next Friday.我们要求下次会议在星期五召开。

My request that students (should)have a rest between classes has been accepted by the headmaster.校长接受了我提出的,学生们应该在课间休息一下的请求。

【词义辨析】:application, request, require, demand

<1> application指用书面形式提出申请或请求。例如:

His application has been sent up for approval.他的申请已经送上去审批。

My application for a change of department was readily acceded to. 我更换部门工作的请求没费劲就获得了批准。

<2>.demand主语是人时,表示坚决要求,坚持要做某事;主语是物时,指迫切需要。Request意为“恳求,请求”,指通过正式手续提出的要求,口气和缓,态度礼貌。Require 表示按照法规、权利提出的要求或命令,指客观需要,含缺此不可之意。

Cement is in great demand.水泥的需要量是很大的。

He demanded an apology from them.他要求他们道歉。

The situation requires that I should be there.形势需要我呆在那儿。

<3>.后面跟宾语从句时,从句后谓语动词都要用虚拟语气,即should加原形动词或动词原形。例如:

The teacher requested that each of us(should)go there at once.老师要求我们每一个人要马上到那儿去。

The teacher required that all of us(should)attend the meeting.老师要求我们大家都出席这次会议。

<4>. request后接sb. to do sth., demand后接of sb. to do sth., 而requre后接两者均可。例如:

Mr.White requested his daughter to leave here.怀特先生要求他的女儿离开这里。

Mr.Green required his students to keep silent.(=Mr. Green required of his students to keep silent.)格林先生要求他的学生保持安静。

He demanded of me to shut the gate.他要求我关上大门。

故若把上面2中的三个含虚拟语气的宾语从句改为简单句时,应分别为:

The teacher requested each of us to go there at once.

The teacher required all of us to attend the meeting.

The teacher demanded of Mary to give a right answer.

<5>.require表示“需要”的意思,后可接动词不定式或动名词。接动词不定式时,应该用不定式的被动形式,接动名词,时,用动名词的主动形式(表示被动意义)。

例如:

The baby requires to be looked after. =The baby needs/wants to be looked after. =The baby requires/needs/wants looking after.

注意:

①require(of)sb用于被动语态时,of不可省。如:

I have done everything that was required of me.

②demand后接from sb或of sb.

He demands help from/of me.

③demand后接不定式,不接动名词。

She patiently explained all the rules to the students and require everyone to follow them.

He demands to see my books.(2015广东高考读写任务)

(6)transport /?tr?nsp?:t/

[vt.]运送,运输;流放;使欣喜若狂;

[n.]运输;运输船(机),运输系统;狂喜;流放犯;

【词形变换】:第三人称单数:transports;过去分词:transported;复数:transports;现在进行时:transporting;过去式:transported

【例句】:Merchants pay third-party cargo companies to transport their goods.商人们雇用第三方货运公司来运输他们的货物。

【词义辨析】:Traffic,Transport 和Transportation

Traffic:主要指交通:流动中的车辆或行人;

还有别的意思是:运输,运输量,也可以用作贸易

这词可以用作名词(比如贸易)也可以用作不及物动词(比如交易,买卖)

注意:traffic最常用法是指交通(塞车之类的)比如:traffic jam

Transport:主要指运输,也可以理解成交通(不过主要指车辆)

别的意思包括:流放,驱逐出境,还有[常用被动态]万分激动;心旷神怡

与traffic一样,可以用作为名词(运输)也可以用作为不及物动词(比如传送,流放)

不过要注意的是transport最常用法是指交通或交通系统(比如公车,火车之类的)

Transportation:也是主要指运输,不过只能用于名词。值得提一提的是英语里很多词用tion 结尾地都是名词,而意思多数是那个词除掉tion(有时是ation,(e)tion)

比如:bus transportation 公共汽车运输

transport和transportation都可以表示运输这个抽象概念。

但是transportation更多的表示运输,而transport同时能表示运输器材。

I need some transport to deliver the goods.

我需要某样运输工具去发出这批货物

(7)prefer /pr??f?:(r)/

[vt.]更喜欢提升,提拔;给予(债权人)优先权;提出(控告);

[vi.]更喜欢,宁愿;

【词形变换】:第三人称单数:prefers;过去分词:preferred;现在进行时:preferring;过去式:preferred;

【词根记忆】:pre(before)+fer(to carry)→较喜欢;提出;宁愿

【例句】:Rather than spend hours at the kitchen sink, I'd prefer to buy a dishwasher. 与其在厨房洗涤槽旁浪费几个小时,我宁可去买一台洗碟机。

【用法】:

<1>. prefer sth.

"Do you like French?""Yes, but I prefer English.""你喜欢法语吗?""喜欢,但是我更喜欢英语." "Which do you prefer, rice or bread?""Either will do.""你比较喜欢吃什么,米饭还是面包?""随便哪一个都行."

注:prefer是"比较喜欢,更喜欢"的意思,即like better,因此就不能再与better, more等比较级词语连用。

<2>prefer over sth.

I prefer over this newly-built lab, and you? 我比较喜欢这个新建的实验室,你呢?

They prefer over new works that sing of their life today. 他们更喜欢歌颂他们今天生活的新作品。

<3> prefer sth. above all others

I prefer the book above all others. 我最喜欢这本书.

The middle-aged man

prefers swimming above all others. 这位中年人最喜欢游泳.

<4>. prefer A to B

I prefer the original book to the revised edition. 我觉得原书比修订本好.

Those Red Army men preferred death to surrender in their struggle with the enemy. 在对敌斗争中,那些红军战士宁死不屈.

<5>. prefer doing A to doing B

Even on holidays Mr. Wang preferred reading to doing nothing. 即使在假日,王先生宁愿读书而不愿闲着。

【注】:在这种结构中,o为介词,而不是不定式符号,故其后应当接动名词形式,决不能接动词原形。另外,为了保持前后对应关系,prefer后面也应当接动名词形式。

<6> prefer to do sth.

They prefer to spend the rest of the morning wandering in the streets. 他们比较喜欢把早上剩下的时间都用来在街上闲逛.

<7>. prefer doing sth.

So you prefer speaking without referring to your notes? 这么说,你更喜欢不看稿子做报告了? Mr. Brown preferred spending his spare time doing some reading. 布朗先生比较喜欢把业余时间用来读点书。

注:这种prefer后面接动名词的结构,用来谈论一般情况下"更喜欢某种活动",而在一个特定场合下表示"特别喜欢"时,得用上述prefer后接动词不定式结构。

<8>. prefer to do sth. rather than do sth.

These workers prefered to work extra hours at night rather than leave the work until the next week. 这些工人宁愿加班干,也不愿把工作留到下一个星期。

【注】:这种结构中的rather than可以置于句首。例如:

Rather than go on holiday to the seaside I prefer to work days and go to school nights. 我宁愿白天工作,晚上上学,而不愿到海边度假.

【注】:有时rather可以移至第一个不定式之前,而让than留在第二个不定式之前,即为prefer rather...than结构.这种用法多见于书面语言,在口语中很少用。例如:

She prefers rather to sew than to knit. 她喜欢缝纫而不爱编织。

<9> prefer to do sth. rather than doing sth.

They prefer to join in the celebrations rather than going on a visit to the Palace Museum. 他们宁愿参加庆祝活动而不愿参观故宫.

【注】:有时名词也可用于rather than之后,这种用法多用以表示在某种具体场合的选择.例如: "What shall we have for lunch, rice or buns?""I prefer rice rather than buns.""我们午饭吃什么,米饭还是圆面包?""我宁可吃米饭而不想吃圆面包."

这句话表示:在这种具体的场合"我宁可吃米饭。实际可视为在prefer 和rather than之后均省略了to have.

【注】:有时该结构前后两个不定式意思相同,仅各自带有不同的修饰附加成分,那么第二个不定式可予以省略,只保留不同的修饰附加成分而置于rather than之后。例如:

Mr. Smith preferred to meet us downstairs rather than upstairs. 史密斯先生宁愿在楼下而不愿在楼上会见我们。

<10>. prefer sb. to do sth.

I prefer you to spare some time to come to our art exhibition next week. 我宁愿你们下星期抽出点时间来看看我们的美展。

<11>. prefer+that-clause.在that宾语从句中,我们应当用虚拟语气"should+动词原形",其中的should可以省略.

We prefer that each new student take a science course. 我们希望每位新生修一门理科课程.

<12>. prefer sth. (or sb.)+adj.

I prefer the door open. 我宁愿门开着。

I prefer my coffee black. 我爱喝不加奶的咖啡。

【词义辨析】:choose, select, elect, pick, prefer, opt

这些动词均含有“选择”之意。

choose普通用词,侧重根据个人意愿和判断从众多的对象中进行选择,着重被选者的优点。select书面用词,具有庄严、正式的感情色彩。强调精选。

elect指按照一定的规章或法律,用投票等方式进行的认真慎重的选择。

pick口语用词,多指从个人角度仔细挑选,也含任意挑选之意。

prefer强调个人偏爱,不一定有选择的行动。

opt多指在几种可能性之间进行选择。

[1]. I perfer ______her some presents _______her some money.

A.to buying, to giving

B.to buy, to give

C.buy, give

[2]. They prefered_____rather than______a bike.

A.to walk , to ride

B.walking, riding

C.to walk, ride

[3]. we________reading book________watching TV.

A.rather , than

B.prefer, than

C.prefer, to

D.would rather, than

[4]. I prefer watching TV to_____music every day.

A. listen to

B. listen C .listening to D. listening

(8)march /mɑ?t? /

[vi.](坚定地向某地)前进;行军,进军;游行示威;进展,进行;

[vt.]使前进;使行军;

[n.]行进,前进;行军;游行示威;进行曲;

【词形变换】:第三人称单数:marches;过去分词:marched;现在进行时:marching;过去式:marched;

【例句】:The regiment is on the march.该团在行军中。

They marched in step.他们步伐整齐。

【词义辨析】:一月:January ;二月:February;三月:March;

四月:April;五月:May ;六月:June ;

七月:July;八月:August ;九月:September ;

十月:October ;十一月:November;十二月:December;

【词汇拓展】英语中各种“走”的表达:

creep “蹑行”指蹑手蹑脚地走、轻手轻脚地走(to move slowly, quietly and carefully, usually in order to avoid being noticed)。

We took off our shoes and crept cautiously along the passage.

我们脱掉了鞋,在走廊中蹑手蹑脚地往前走。

hobble “蹒跚”、“跛行”指一瘸一拐地走(to walk in an awkward way, usually because the feet or legs are injured)。

We were hobbled through the rugged depression.

我们深一脚浅一脚地穿过了那块高低不平的洼地。

limp“跛行”,指一拐一拐地走、缓慢费力地前走(to walk slowly and with

difficulty because of having an injured or painful leg or foot)

Three minutes into the match, Jackson limped off the pitch with a serious ankle injury.

比赛进行三分钟,杰克逊脚踝严重受伤,一瘸一瘸地离开了球场。

loiter “闲逛”,指东看西瞧、缓慢行走(to go slowly, stopping often)。

We must not loiter or we will be late for school. 我们不能闲逛,否则上学会迟到。

stagger “蹒跚而行”,指一跌一撞、东倒西歪地向前行走(to walk or move with difficulty as if you are going to fall)。

After he was attacked, he managed to stagger to the phone and call for help.

遭到袭击后,他跌跌撞撞走到电话亭,打电话求助。

lurch“蹒跚而行”,指跌跌撞撞、向前向两倒东倒西歪地行走。(to make sudden jerking movements when walking, as if you cannot control your

movements)。

The patient reeled and lurched so that young surgeon insisted upon accompanying him.

病人东倒西歪,踉踉跄跄,年轻的外科医生坚持要护送他。

shamble 指由于疲倦或身体虚弱而迈不开步,拖着脚步行走(to walk slowly and awkwardly, without lifting your feet correctly)。

Sick patients shambled along the hospital corridors. 病人在医院走廊里一拖一拖地行走。

plod“沉重行走”,指步子缓慢,脚步沉重地行走(to walk taking slow steps, as if your feet are heavy)

Despite the wind and the rain, we plodded on until they reached destination.

尽管大风大雨,我们缓步前行,直到到达目的地。

trudge“跋涉”,指艰难的行走或负重行走( to walk slowly with a lot of effort, especially over a difficult surface or while carrying

something heavy)。

We trudged home through deep snow. 我们踏着很深的积雪,吃力地走回家。

wade“趟水行走”,指在比较浅的水中趟水行走(walk through relatively shallow water)。

He wades down a shallow pebbly stream to school every day. .

他每天要沿着一条浅的有卵石的小溪跋涉到学校。

waddle像鸭子似的摇摇摆摆地走(to walk with short steps, swinging the body from one side to the other)。

Every dusk, mother would waddles home with a heavy sack on her back.

每天黄昏,母亲都背着重重的袋子蹒跚而归。

prowl“潜行”,指悄悄踱步,目的是不让不让看到或听到(to move around

quietly in a place trying not to be seen or heard),尤指

In the evening I used to prowl about, hunting for diversion.

晚上我总是偷偷地溜出去,想寻找一点消遣。

pace“踱步”,指在某处来回走动,通常怀有担忧或紧张情绪(to walk with regular steps in one direction and then back again, usually because

you are worried or nervous)

The policeman paced up and down the street. 警察在街上踱来踱去。

stroll“散步”、“漫步”、“溜达”、“闲逛”,指休闲放松为目的散步

(to walk in a slow relaxed manner, especially for pleasure)

I used to stroll along the beach on Sunday. 我过去常在星期天沿海滩散步。

stride“大步走”,指步子大的行走(to walk or run by taking long

steps)。

She majestically strode through the palace.

她威严地大步在宫殿中走过。

strut“昂首阔步地走”,指大摇大摆地走,含过分自信或自高自大意味(to walk in a proud way trying to look important)

The boy strutted around trying to get the attention of a group of girls who were nearby.

这个男孩昂首阔步走着,试图吸引附近女孩们。

shuffle“拖步走”,指脚蹭在地上,抬不起来慢慢地走(to walk by

pulling your feet slowly along the ground rather than lifting them)

An old man shuffled into the hall, leaning on his walking stick.

一个老人撑着手杖慢吞吞地来到大厅。

trek “长途跋涉”,指长途行走,特别指经跋山涉水的(to walk a long distance, usually over land such as hills, mountains or forests)

We spent five days trekking through forests and over mountains and finally reached the destination. 我们花了五天时间穿过森林,翻过高山,终于到达目的地。

(9)stand /st?nd/

[n.] 立场;台,看台;停止;抵抗;

[vi.] 站立,起立;竖直放置;保持看法;停滞;

[vt.] 忍受;使站立;抵御;承担责任;

[vt.& vi.] 站立,(使)直立,站着;

【词形变换】:第三人称单数:stands;过去分词:stood;复数:stands;现在进行时:standing;过去式:stood;

【例句】:He can stand more pain than anyone else I know. 他比我认识的任何人都更能忍受痛苦。

I can't stand him any further. 我对他忍无可忍。

Can you stand the hot weather in Guangzhou? 你受得了广州的炎热天气吗?

【词义辨析】:stand, bear, tolerate, endure, suffer, abide, put up with;

这组单词,均可表示容忍、忍受的意思。

bear:为普通用语,泛指忍受精神上或肉体上不同程度的各种磨难。该词也可表示某人勇于承受住某种压力或经受住某种考验的意思。bear多用于否定句和疑问句,常与can,could 连用。如:The pain was almost more than he could bear.疼痛几乎使他受不了。

stand:在表示容忍这一意思时,其词意与bear相同,但stand为口语,常用于否定句或疑问句中,用于肯定句时,其正面意义更强,暗示某人能经受得住各种磨难,具有不屈不挠的精神。如:He successfully stood the severe test.他胜利地经受住了严峻的考验。

tolerate:常指以自我克制的态度对付令人生厌的人或事物。这种容忍往往不会给忍受者带来太大的痛苦。如:We shouldn't tolerate such flagrant violation of discipline.我们不能容忍这种破坏纪律的恶劣做法。

endure:为正式用语,多用于否定句中,特指忍受较大的或较长时间的磨难和痛苦。该词暗示忍受者具有持久的忍耐力。如:The explorers endured without flinching the rigours of an arctic winter.探险家们毫不畏惧地忍受着北极冬天的严寒。

suffer:为正式用语,常指被迫承受某件令人痛苦或有害的事,多用于承受抽象事物。如:He suffered cruel oppression and exploitation by landlords in the old society.他在旧社会受到地主的残酷剥削和压迫。

abide:在表示容忍这一意思时,含有忍耐并屈从他人或命运之摆布的意思。如:I can't abide such people.对这种人我不能忍受。

put up with:为口头用语,一般指容忍较小的事情,具有宽容、默认、将就某人或某事的意思。如:No longer able to put tup with his toothache,he went to the hospital to have the tooth pulled out.他再也忍受不住牙痛,去医院把那颗牙拔了。

【重点名词与形容词】:

upset 心烦意乱的;stressful 充满压力的;remote遥远的;personal 私人的;crowded 拥挤的;classical 古典的;pressure 压力;

(1)upset /?p?set/

[vi.]打翻,弄翻;打乱,打搅;

[vt.]打乱,搅乱;推翻,弄翻;使心烦意乱;使翻倒;

[n.]心烦意乱;翻倒,颠覆;混乱;

[adj.]沮丧的;难过的;失望的;(肠胃)不舒服的;

【词形变换】:第三人称单数:upsets;过去分词:upset;现在进行时:upsetting;过去式:upset

【词根记忆】:up(up)+set→倾覆;扰乱;烦恼;受扰的;混乱的

【例句】:Upset the apple cart. 美梦破灭。

Nothing can upset us.没有什么能颠覆我们。

【词义辨析】:upset, agitate, disturb, perturb

这些动词均有“使不安,使心烦意乱”之意。

upset最普通,最通俗用词,侧重失去精神上的平静,心理上完全丧失平衡。

agitate侧重指内心的焦虑,难于控制,表露于外。

disturb指因某人的行动、扰乱、妨碍安静等而使人不得安宁。

perturb书面语用词,指使人焦急烦恼,扰得心情不安。

(2)stressful /?stresfl/

[adj.] 有压力的;

【词形变换】:名词:stress / stressfulness;副词:stressfully;

【词根记忆】:stress(名词“压力”)+ful(形容词后缀)→有压力的

【例句】:Their job is very stressful. 他们的工作压力很大。

Many people complain that their jobs are uninteresting and stressful. 许多人抱怨他们的工作既无趣又产生压力。

(3)remote /r??m??t/

[adj.](时间上)遥远的;远离的;远程的;微小的;

[n.]远程操作;遥控器;

[vt.]使…向远方延伸,把…延展到远处;

【词形变换】:最高级:remotest;比较级:remoter;

【词根记忆】:e(back)+mot(move)+e(形容词后缀)→遥远的;远亲的

【例句】:Many analysts spend days in remote chinese outposts, checking stockpile levels.很多分析人士在中国偏远地区呆了数天时间,检查储备水平。

(4)personal /?p?:s?nl/

[adj.]个人的,私人的;身体的;亲自的;人身攻击的;

[n.](报刊上的)人事栏,分类人事广告版;人称代名词;关于个人的简讯;

【词形变换】:副词:personally;

【例句】:It's said that his visit is purely personal. 据说他的访问纯属私人性质。

He can not sidle away from personal responsibility. 他不能逃避个人的责任。

(5)crowded [?kra?d?d]

[adj.]拥挤的;水泄不通的;肩摩踵接;

【词形变换】:过去式:crowded ;现在分词:crowding ;三单:crowds

【例句】:I hate standing on crowded train.我讨厌站在拥挤的火车内。

The robbery occurred in broad daylight in a crowded street. 在拥挤的街道上,光天化日之下竟发生了抢劫。

(6)classical /?kl?s?kl/

[adj.] 传统的;古典的,经典的;古典文学的;第一流的;

[n.] 古典音乐;

【词形变换】:名词拓展:classicality/ classicalness;副词:classically;

【例句】:The former is backed up by a long and resilient classical tradition. 前者有悠久而富有

弹性的古典传统作后盾。

I must say I have a strong preference for classical architecture. 我得说我对古典建筑有强烈的偏爱。

【词义辨析】:classical与classic

classical是“古典的”,classic则表示“经典的,精彩的,一流的”,后者更加强调“优秀”这个概念,而前者无疑是从时间上来定义:

a classic book on history: 一本经典/精彩的历史著作

a classical book on history: 一本古典历史名著

前者也许可以用来形容《明朝那些事》,后者就可以用来形容《史记》。另外classic这个词还可以表示“典型的”:classic example of bureaucratism,典型的官僚主义。

口语中也会用到classic这个词:That's classic!当你看到一场精彩的演出时,就可以用这个句子来表达赞美了。

(7)pressure /?pre??(r)/

[n.] 压(力);压力;气压(或血压)(的缩略形式);压(迫)感;

[vi.] 施加压力;迫使;使(机舱等)增压;

【词形变换】:第三人称单数:pressures;过去分词:pressured;复数:pressures;现在进行时:pressuring;过去式:pressured ;形容词拓展:pressureless;

【词根记忆】:press(press)+ure(抽象名词后缀)→压力;闲厄;急迫

【例句】:An economy with supply constraints and demand pressure risks overheating. 存在供应约束和需求压力的印度经济存在过热的风险。

.air pressure气压,风压.blood pressure血压

词汇精讲2

【核心动词】:

recognize辨认出wave挥手struggle奋斗protest 抗议

commit犯罪burst爆发involve涉及

(1)recognize /?rek?gna?z/

[vt.]承认;识别;认出;

[vi.]承认,确认;[法律]具结,立保证书;

【词形变换】:第三人称单数:recognizes;过去分词:recognized;现在进行时:recognizing;过去式:recognized;

【例句】:Everybody recognized the seriousness of the situation.谁都看出了局势的严重性。But most western nations are expected to recognize an independent kosovo.但是预计绝大多数西方国家会在外交上承认独立的科索沃。

[1]. Sorry to ________ you, but can you give me a lift home?

A. excuse

B. recognize

C. bother

D. apologize

[2]. He tried to get his work ____ in the medical circles.

A.to recognize

B.recognizing

C.being recognized

D.recognized

(2)wave /we?v/

[n.] 挥手;波浪,波动;涌现的人(或事物);汹涌的行动(或思想)态势;

[vi.] 摇摆,起伏;

[vt.& vi.](一端固定地)飘扬;挥手指引;挥动…示意;略呈波形;

[vt.] 挥手表示;挥舞;使…略呈波形;烫(发);

【词形变换】:第三人称单数:waves;过去分词:waved;复数:waves;现在进行时:waving;过去式:waved;

【例句】:At the seaside we can hear the snarl of the wave.在海滨我们可以听见波涛的咆哮。

I heard the sound of the waves breaking on the shore.我听到海浪拍岸的声音。

【词义辨析】:wave, ripple, surge

这些名词均有“波浪、浪、波涛”之意。

wave普通用词,指水面上移动的任何具有峰谷皱形的波动,尤指距离相等的波浪,也比喻任何类似的物体。

ripple多指微风吹过水面或石头投入水中所激起的涟漪或细浪。

surge词义较模糊,泛指巨浪、波涛或作比喻使用。

(3)struggle /?str?gl/

[vi.] 奋斗;搏斗;努力;争取;

[n.] 奋斗;打斗;竞争;

【词形变换】:第三人称单数:struggles;过去分词:struggled;复数:struggles;现在进行时:struggling;过去式:struggled;

【例句】:We should struggle for the cause of communism all our lives. 我们要为共产主义事业奋斗终身。

We must struggle against this prejudice for a more tolerant attitude to our beliefs. 我们必须努力克服这种偏见,从而在信仰上采取更为宽容的态度。

A lifelong struggle毕生的奋斗struggling artist 努力奋斗的艺术家

【词义辨析】:battle,war,campaign,struggle,warfare,fight,combat,engagement

这些名词均有“战斗,战争”之意。

battle侧重指战争中的一次较全面、时间较长的战斗,也指陆军或海军在某一特定地区进行的战斗,或个人之间的争斗。

war是战争的总称,一般指包括多个战役的大规模战争。

campaign通常指在一场大的战争中在某一地区进行的一连串有既定目的的军事行动。也可作引申用。

struggle指激烈或时间持续长的战斗或奋力斗争。

warfare侧重指战争状态或具体的作战方法。

fight最普通用词,含义广,指战斗、斗争或打斗。

combat泛指军事行动,尤指小规模的战斗,甚至是格斗。

engagement指交战,交火。

[1]. —There were already five people in the car but they ____ to take me as well.

—It couldn't have been a pleasant journey.

A.tried

B. struggled

C. succeeded

D. managed

[2]. Dian ,______ for months to find a job as a waitress, finally took a position at a advertising agency.

A.struggling

B.struggled

C.having struggled

D.to struggle

(4)protest /?pr??test/

[n.] 抗议;反对;申明;

[vi.] 抗议;断言;

[vt.] 抗议;声明反对;断言;

【词形变换】:第三人称单数:protests;过去分词:protested;复数:protests;现在进行时:protesting;过去式:protested;

【词根记忆】:pro(publicly)+test(to bear witness作证)→抗议;反对;断言

【例句】:They are holding a rally to protest against the government's defence policy. 他们正举行集会以抗议政府的防务政策。

They were protesting soaring prices.他们抗议物价暴涨。

[1]. He strongly _____ against nuclear weapons and became an active participant of the peace movement after the Second World War.

A.protected

B.protested

C.prevented

D.preserved

[2]. The news that he had been___________ to manager really surprised us.

A. improved

B. protested

C. promoted

D. lifted

[3]. Thousands of people blocked the streets, ______ the new regulation.

A.protested against

B.protested with

C.protesting against

D.protesting with.

[4]. She had often ______ about her father's choice of doctor and knew now that she had been right.

A.protested

https://www.sodocs.net/doc/094448817.html,plained

C.accused

D.concerned

(5)commit /k??m?t/

[vt.] 犯罪,做错事;把…托付给;保证(做某事、遵守协议或遵从安排等);承诺,使…承担义务;

【词形变换】:第三人称单数:commits;过去分词:committed;现在进行时:committing;过去式:committed;形容词拓展:committable;

【词根记忆】:com(with)+mit(send)→委托;犯罪

【例句】:The government's professions of commitment to the environment seem less believable every day. 政府做出的支持环保的表示似乎一天比一天不可信。

The error committed on impulse may turn out to be the sorrow of a whole life.一失足成千古恨。The man has committed many wrongs. 那个汉子干了许多坏事。

It was reported that the famous pop star was found ______suicide in a hotel near the seaside.

https://www.sodocs.net/doc/094448817.html,mit

B.to commit

C.to have commited

https://www.sodocs.net/doc/094448817.html,miting

B.

(6)burst /b?:st/

[vi.] 爆发;爆裂,炸破;使爆炸;充满,塞满;

[vt.] 使爆炸;冲破,胀破;分帧,分页,分隔;

[n.]突发;爆裂;爆发;爆炸;

【词形变换】:第三人称单数:bursts过去分词:burst现在进行时:bursting过去式:burst

【常考短语】:

burst into 匆匆进入(某处);突然开始(某事),突然进入(某种状态);撞人;

Hearing the joke, we burst into spontaneous laughter. 听到笑话,我们不由自主地大笑起来。He looked as if he was about to burst into tears.他看上去马上就会泪流满面。

The hall burst into thunderous applause. 会场响起雷鸣般的掌声。

burst out 闯出来,大声喊,突发

She was so overjoyed that she nearly burst out laughing. 她心里一乐,几乎笑出声来。

The audience got to their feet and a storm of applause burst out. 听众站起来,响起暴雨般的掌声。

burst upon突然来到,突然逼近,使突然认识到

At this moment an idea burst upon him—a glorious idea. 此刻他突然产生一个想法,一个十分美妙的想法。

The storm burst upon us with a deafening roar.震耳欲聋的暴风雨降临到我们的头上。

(7)involve /?n?v?lv/

[vt.]包含;使参与,牵涉;围绕,缠绕;使专心于;

【词形变换】:第三人称单数:involves;过去分词:involved;现在进行时:involving;

过去式:involved

【词根记忆】:in(into)+volve(roll)→包括;牵涉;专心于

【常考短语】:Involve in= concern in 陷于;牵涉;专心于

【例句】:We were insensible of the risks involved. 我们没有意识到要承担的种种风险。

But that is the true history of the past involvement of our family with China.这段历史,是我们家族和中国的一段渊源。

I want to be involved in youth coaching when I finally hang up my boots, Beckham said.

贝克汉姆说,挂靴后,他希望能从事青少年足球教练的工作。

【词义辨析】:contain, include, embrace, involve, comprehend, hold, comprise

这些动词均含有“包括,包含”之意。

contain普通用词,所涉及的物体常常是其组成部分或内容。强调包容关系。既可指具体有形的东西,也可指抽象无形的东西。

include普通用词,指一整体包含着各独立的部分,也指某东西包含另一东西的某一部分。embrace正式用词,指把某事物纳入整个之中。

involve把包含因整体的性质决定的成分或结果。所包括的往往是无形的,不可触知的东西,多用作引申。

comprehend正式用词,指包含在整体范围以内。

hold常和contain换用。指能够容纳或有足够的容纳量。强调包容能力。

comprise书面用词,暗指一个整体包括不同部分所组成,可与include交换使用。

[1]. The judge made the final decision after listening to the opinions of each party_______.

A.having involved

B.to be involved

C.involving

D.involved

[2]. When someone tells you something that is true,but leaves out important information that should be______, he can create a false impression.

A. included

B. contained

C. involved

D. referred

【核心名词与形容词】:

amazing令人惊异的keen 渴望的disaster 灾难attitude 态度occasion场合

(1)amazing [??me?z??]

adj. 令人惊异的;

vt. 使大为吃惊,使惊奇( amaze的现在分词);使惊异:感到非常好奇;

n. 吃惊;好奇;

最高级:most amazing比较级:more amazing

We had never stayed in such an amazing room, and we weren? t charged extra.(2014广东高考语法填空)

Be amazed at;be shocked by 大吃一惊

Amazing Grace is one of my favourite English songs.《奇异恩典》是我最喜爱的英文歌之一。

We are amazed at his brilliant achievements. 我们对他的辉煌成就感到惊奇。

I was amazed at his impudence. 他竟然无耻到这种地步使我感到惊愕。

【名词扩展】:amazement

To our amazement, the visiting team won. 令我们感到惊讶的是,客队居然打赢了。

She was pop-eyed with amazement. 她惊奇得瞪着眼发愣。

Hearing the news, we were filled with amazement. 听到这个消息,我们大为惊奇。

He was_________what he saw.

A. amazed at

B. amazed to

C. amazing at

D.amazing to

(2)keen [ki:n]

adj.厉害的,强烈的; 敏锐的,敏捷的;锐利的;热心的;

vi.(为死者)恸哭,哀号;

n.〈英〉号哭,恸哭;

第三人称单数:keens过去分词:keened最高级:keenest现在进行时:keening比较级:keener 过去式:keened

Be eager for; be keen for 对..切望;渴望

He was so very slender, keen, hatchet-faced and well-dressed that Clyde was not only impressed but overawed at once. 他个子细长,为人精明,一副瘦长面孔,衣服穿得很讲究,克莱德见了不只是印象很深,而且马上对他肃然起敬。

Father is keen for my brother to study law. 父亲很希望我兄弟学法律。

Are you keen on photographing at al!? 你到底爱不爱好摄影?

He's keen to pass the examination.他热切希望能够通过考试。

【名词扩展】:keenness

The general's speech infused keenness into the men. 将军的演讲给人们注入了激情。

With the dropping of day his keenness had evaporated. 随着太阳西下,他的热情也烟消云散。There was no keenness in the eyes, they seemed rather to be shedding love than making observations. 她的目光不锐利,那双眼睛似乎是在流出爱来,而不是在观看外界事物。anxious,eager,keen

这些形容词均有“急切的,渴望的”之意。

anxious强调因忧虑、关注或害怕而产生的急切心情。

I am just leaving school, and twenty-three years of age. I am anxious to settle down to office work.

本人23岁不久即可毕业,希望能尽快安定下来进入某公司做文职工作。

If you? re so down on mothers-in-law, it? s queer you?re anxious to be one yourself. The expectant mother-in-law! 你既然这么瞧不起婆婆,你自己又急于要做婆婆,这就怪了。你还是一位候补婆婆呢!

The week of the flood was an anxious time for all of us. 闹水灾的那一星期是使我们大家都焦虑不安的日子。

eager侧重于急于成功的迫切心情。

She was eager to submerge herself in the feminist movement. 她迫切希望献身女权运动。

It's human that everyone is eager for success. 人人都渴望成功,这是人之常情。

I'm in eager anticipation of your reply. 我企盼您的回信。

keen强调因兴趣强烈或欲望而急于做某事。

I am in keen anticipation of your visit. 盼望着您的来访。

(3)disaster [di'zɑ:st?]

n. 灾难; 彻底的失败; 不幸; 祸患;

复数:disasters

The relief supplies sent to the disaster area were certainly a timely source of help. 救灾物资及时送到灾区,真是雪中送炭。

We were all shocked by the disaster. 这场灾难使我们所有人大为震惊。

Successful wickedness is the disaster of the good.邪恶得逞是好人的灾难。

disaster,calamity,catastrophe,misfortune

这些名词均表示“灾难”或“不幸”之意。

disaster普通用词,指大破坏、痛苦或伤亡。

The disaster of war spread throughout Europe. 战祸弥漫了整个欧洲。

calamity多指个人的不幸,比disaster严重,强调灾难引起的悲痛以及对于损失的感觉。They charged the calamity to my carelessness. 他们将这场灾祸归咎于我的粗心大意。

His becoming blind was a great calamity. 他双目失明是巨大的不幸。

An optimist sees an opportunity in every calamity; a pessimist sees a calamity in every opportunity. 乐观者在每一场灾难中都看到希望,悲观者在每个希望中都看到灾难。

catastrophe语气最强,指可怕的灾难,强调最终的结局。

I have listened to people talk about the catastrophe in Tangshan. 我曾听人们谈论到唐山的那次大灾难。

Rapid economic growth may lead to an overextension of resources and lead to an eventual catastrophic meltdown.经济迅速增长可能导致过度使用资源,并引起最终巨大的灾难。

But what happened in 1932 wasn't in isolation; it was part of four consecutive years of catastrophe. 美国在1932年似乎也经历过同样的困境,但那不是孤立事件,而是连续4年的灾难的一部分。

misfortune普通用词,多批较为严重的不幸,强调不幸多由外界因素所致。

Don't jeer at the mistakes or misfortunes of others. 不要嘲笑别人的错误或不幸。

He is unfortunate who cannot bear misfortune. 不能承受不幸的就是不幸。

Misfortune tests the sincerity of friends. 患难见真情。

Misfortune might be a blessing in disguise. 塞翁失马焉知非福。

(4)attitude [??t?tju:d]

n.态度; 看法; 姿势; 个人风格;

I think that your attitude has effect on the attitudes of others. 我想你的态度对别人的态度有影响。

It seems their attitude is resolute.看起来,他们的态度非常坚决。

attitude,air,manner

这些名词均含“态度、风度”之意。

attitude普通用词,指对人或事情的看法和采取的行为,多有某种不很明确或不便明说的感情色彩。

air含义广泛。单数形式指某人脸上表现出的心理活动,或言谈举止;复数形式指某人故意做作而摆出的架子。

There is an ingenue air about her.她有天真无邪的气质。

manner多指某人在某一场合的言谈举止等。

He has a rather womanish manner.他太女气了.

(5)occasion [??ke??n]

[n.] 场合; 机会,时机; 理由; 需要;

[vt. ]惹起,引起;

第三人称单数:occasions过去分词:occasioned复数:occasions现在进行时:occasioning 过去式:occasioned

On an occasion such as this, we are privileged to welcome Mr Wang. 点击发音

在这样重要的场合,我们有幸能欢迎王先生的到来。

What will I wear for this occasion?

今天的场合我该穿什么?

(6)吃惊的:surprised; astonished; amazed;

I'm surprised they're so buddy-buddy. 我感到奇怪的是她们俩那么友好。

They were astonished to find the driver was a six-year-old boy. 令他们吃惊的是,开车的居然是个6岁的小男孩。

I was amazed at his conduct.我对他的行为感到惊讶。

(7)震惊的:shocked; horrified; stunned;

We were all shocked by the disaster. 这场灾难使我们所有人大为震惊。

They were horrified at his rudeness.他们对他的无礼很反感。

We were stunned by her beauty.我们被她的美丽惊呆了。

词汇精讲3

【重点动词】:

promote促进turn to求助于rescue救援trap陷阱serve招待

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2

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African adj. 非洲(人)的[C]非洲人afterward(s) ad. 后来 ago ad. 以前 agriculture [U] 农业,农学 airline [C] 航空公司airport [C]飞机场 alcohol [U]酒精,酒,乙醇alike adj.(作表语)相像的adv.一样地,相似地alive adj. 活着的,存在的 aloud ad. 大声地already ad.已经区别already和yet altogether(=in all) ad. 总共all together 全体一起;同时在一起always ad. 总是,一直,永远 ambulance [C]救护车among prep在…中间,在…当中America n.美国

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高考英语3500单词详解(B开头) baby[5beibi] n.[C]婴儿 2.(作定语)小型,微型,婴儿用的:a baby car 小型汽车 / baby food 婴儿食物bachelor[5bAtFElE]n. 1.[C]单身汉:He remained a bachelor all his life.他做了一辈子单身汉。2.学士:bachelor’s degree学士学位 back[bAk]adv.回(原处),向后:She walked away without looking back.她头都没回就走了。adj.后面的:He came in by the back door.他从后门进来。n.[C]背,后部: Let’s go round to the back.让我们绕到后面去。 backache[5bAkeik]n.[C,U]背痛:suffer from(a) backache患背痛 background[5bAkgraund]n.背景,幕后:I’ll need a bit more background information.我需要再了解一点背景情况。 backward[5bAkwEd]adj.向后的,落后的:He is backward in his studies.他功课落后。adv.向后地,相反地(=backwards):Your hat is onbackwards.你把帽子戴倒了。 bacon[5beikEn]n.[U]咸猪肉,熏猪肉 bacterium[bAk5tiEriEm] n.[C]细菌:Many bacteria cause diseases.许多细菌能致病。 【说明】通常以复数形式出现,复数为bacteria。 bad[bAd]adj. 1.坏的,不好的:Bad news has wings.(谚语)坏消息传得快。2.有害的:Smoking is bad for your health.抽烟有害健康。3.腐烂的,变质的:Don’t eat bad fish.不要吃腐烂的鱼。4.严重的:He has got a bad cold.他患了重感冒。 【说明】为不规则副词,其比较级和最高级分别为worse和worst: I am bad at English,but she is worse.我的英语不好,她的就更糟了。 badly[5bAdli]adv. 1.不好地,恶劣地:She did badly in the exams.她考试成绩很糟。2. 大大地,严重地:The bridge was badly damaged by the flood.桥被洪水损坏得很严重。3.非常,极度:He wants to go abroad badly.他非常想出国。 /She was badly hurt when she fell from the ladder.她从梯子上跌下来,伤得很厉害。 【说明】为不规则副词,其比较级和最高级分别为worse和worst:He did worse than you.他比你做得更糟。 badminton[5bAdmintEn] n.[U]羽毛球:The kids are playing badminton.孩子们在打羽毛球。 bag[bAg]n.[C]书包,提包,袋子:She carried the bag upstairs.她把袋子扛到了楼上。 baggage[5bAgidV]n.[U]行李:How much baggage do you have?你有多少行李? 【说明】不可数名词,要表示几件行李,要借助piece:I have five pieces of baggage.我有5件行李。

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