Unit 5省略句

省略句

定义：在英语中，为了使语言简洁或避免重复，省略句中的一个或几个句子成分，这种语法现象乘为省略。

一简单句中的省略

1、省略主语祈使句中主语通常省略

2、省略主谓语或主谓语的一部分。

3、省略作宾语的不定式短语，只保留to。

He did not give me the chance, though he had promised to (give me the chance).

注意：如果该宾语是be动词或完成时态，则须在to之后加上be或have。

4、省略表语。

5、感叹句根据上下文的省略。

6、介词的省略：

7、连词的省略：

8、情态动词should的省略

9、同时省略几个成分。

二并列句中的省略

两个并列分句中，后一个分句常省略与前一分句中相同的部分。

e.g. My father is a doctor and my mother (is) a nurse.

I study at college and my sister (studies) at high school.

（三）主从复合句中的省略

1、主句中有一些成分被省略。

e.g. (I’m) Sorry to hear that you are ill.

(It is a) Pity that he missed such a good chance.

2、省略了一个从句或从句的一部分，用so或not（切不可用it或that）代替。

---- Is he coming back tonight?

---- I think so.

---- Is he feeling better today?

---- I’m afraid not.

四）其它省略

(1) 宾语从句中的省略

在宾语从句中常省略连词，但当及物动词之后跟有并列连词and连的两个或两个以上的宾语从句时，只有第一个连词that可省略，后边that不能省。

He told me (that) she was a beautiful girl and that she was clever.

（2）定语从句中的省略

①在限制性定语从句中作宾语的关系代词that，which，whom可省略。

He is one of the man (whom) I can trust.。

This is the best way (that) we should choose.

②修饰way或reason的关系副词that(=in which)或why可以省略。

This is the way (that/in which) he studies.

I want to know the reason (why) he was late.

③在非正式语中，关系副词when，why，代词as后面的主谓结构可省略。

He gave the same answer as (he had given) before.

（3）状语从句

1)当状语从句的主语和主句的主语一致时,可以省略状语从句中的主语和系动词be, 这时从句中可出现如下结构:

①连词(as, as if, once+名词)

Once (he was) a teacher, he now works in a government office.

②连词(though, whether, when)+形容词

Work hard when (you are) young ,or you’ll regret.

③连词(when, while, though)+现在分词

While (I was) walking along the street, I heard my name called.

④连词(when, if ,even if, unless, once, until, than, as)+过去分词

⑤连词(as if, as though)+不定式

He opened his mouth as if (he were ) to speak.

(2)当从句主语是It,谓语动词有含有系动词be时,可以把it系动词be一起省略。此时构成连词（if ，unless, when，where, whenever）+形容词的结构。

Unless（it is ）necessary，you’d better not refer to the dictionary.

另外,我们还可以用so或not代替上文内容,此时可有if+so/not。

Get up early tomorrow. If not( you don’t get up early), you will miss the early bus.

He may not be at home then, if so (he is not at home), leave him a note.

3)在than或as…as引导的从句中,常含有一些成分在上下文清楚的情况下被省略。

Tom plays football as well as, if not better than, Jack.

6. 不定式符号to的省略

1).两个或两个以上不定式并列，第一个带to，后面的省略to。

My job is to look after the children and teach them English.

但如果两个不定式表示对比关系时，则to不能省略。

To be for the plan or to be against it doesn’t matter

2).当不定式作表语时，如果前面主语中出现实义动词do及各种形式，则不定式可省略。What he wants to do is (to) go home.

3). 感官动词(see watch notice hear feel look at listen to等和使役动词（make let have)后面作宾补的不定式要省略to.但在被动语态中要恢复to （help后的to可要可不要.

---I saw the boy fall from the tree.

---The boy was seen to fall from the tree.

4). 介词but/except/besides前面有动词do，后面的不定式省to。

He can do nothing but lie down and sleep.

7.虚拟条件句中的省略：在虚拟条件句中，如含有had, were, should等时，if可省略，句子倒装。

Should it rain tomorrow, you would have to put off your tour.

8.主句与从句各有一些成分省略。

e.g. The sooner (you do it), the better (it will be).

1.—Do you think it’s going to rain over the weekend?—________.

A.I don’t believe

B.I don’t believe it

C.I believe not so

D.I believe not

2.________ for the free ticket,I would not have gone to the films so often.

A.If it is not

B.Were it not

C.Had it not been

D.If there were to

3.—You ought to have given them some advice.—________,but who cared what I asked?

A.So it was

B.So I ought to have

C.So I did

D.So I ought to

英语语法省略句

英语语法省略句 省略句 1)不定式在love, mean, want, like, wish, expect, try, intend, plan, refuse, prefer, seem等动词后面 2)在happy，glad，eager，ready，willing等形容词后面。 1.---will you join us? --- I should love to(join you). 2.I asked him to see the film, but he didn’t want to(s ee the film). 3.--- Would you like to go with us? --- Yes, I’m glad to(go with you) 4.He doesn’t get up early as he used to. (get up) 注意: 如果不定式中含有be, have(助动词), have been, 通常保留be, have(助动词), have been. 1.--- Are you a sailor? --- No, but I used to be. 2.---He hasn’t finished yet. ---well, he ought to have. 1. —I'll be away on a business trip. Would you mind looking after my cat? —Not at all, ________ . (NMET 1995) A. I have no time B. I'd rather not C. I‘d like it D. I'd be happy to 2. —Does your brother intend to study German? —Yes, he intends ________ . (NMET 1998上海卷)

省略句

省略句是英语的一种习惯用法。按照语法的分析,句子应该具备的成分, 有时出于修辞上的需要, 在句中并不出现,这种句子叫做省略句（elliptical sentences,这种语法现象称为“省略”（ellipsis or leaving words out。其特点是：虽然省去句子语法构造所需要的组成部分, 但仍能表达其完整的意义。 省略句是英语的一种习惯用法。按照语法的分析，句子应该具备的成分，有时出于修辞上的需要，在句中并不出现，这种句子叫做省略句（elliptical sentences，这种语法现象称为“省略”（ellipsis or leaving words out。其特点是：虽然省去句子语法构造所需要的组成部分，但仍能表达其完整的意义。 省略形式多样，从单词、短语到分句，都可以省略，而且各有一定的衔接关系，不容臆断。“省略”不但是一种“以无为有”的最简便的表达方法，而且也是一种简便至极，“虽无胜有”的修辞手段。 如果弄不清一句中哪些部分省略了，就可以产生误解或歧义。 下面从翻译角度谈谈一些比较特殊的省略。 一、原文“空缺”，译文“增补” 两个主语不同的句子，谓语有相同部分， 也有不同部分，如果用连词连接起来进行对比，则其相同部分在后面分 句中可以省略，这样，后面分句中就出现“空缺”现象。“空缺”处通常被 省略的是动词，或动词及其宾语、补足语等。汉译时不妨采用“补齐”的 方法。例如： A sound must be heard，a colour seen，a flavour tasted， an odour inhaled．，颜色必须目视，滋味必须口尝，气味必须鼻吸。（后 三句省略must be）Histories make men wise；mathematic logic and rhetoric able to contend．；数学使人精细；逻辑和修辞使人善辩。（原文 后两句省略make men） 二、英语状语从句中的省略部分可不译 than引出的比较从句中，套有when引导的时间从句或if引导的条件从句，而且该比较从句中的省略部分与整个句子的主要结构一致时则比较从句的省略部分可省略不译。例如： My uncle is better than when I wrote to我伯父的身体比我上次给你去信时好些了（．．．than后面省略了he was） 三、对英语中一些特殊省略结构译法需灵活，指的是按正常语法规则分析，有的无法增补，有的要用不同的方式来增补，使之成为完全句。因此，汉译英时，视上下文加以灵活处理。 1．“宾语＋主语＋谓语……and ＋谓语”结构 其中and连接的，是用作不同成分的同一个词，这个词既是第一分句的宾语，又是第二分句的主语。此结构的特点是，把宾语提到句首，使之兼任后一分句的主语，达到简化句子结构的目的。汉译时，可仍先译宾语，不必改变原文的语序。例如： This substance we call water，and come next only to oxygen．这种物质称为水，其重要性仅次于氧。（＝We call this substance water，and this substance comes next only to oxygen．） 2．以“Hence ＋名词”开头的结构 hence是表示结果意义的连接副词，hence前面的句子表示原因，hence后面则省略了类似come的动词。它是倒装句。例如： Hence（comes）this instruction of the experiment因此，有这本实验说明书。 3．某些常用词组引导的省略疑问句，通常不需要写出其省略部分。例如： How（is it）about the result？结果怎么样呢？ 4．由习语组成的省略结构 So much is for the foundry processes．工艺过程的内容就是这些。（＝Enough has been said or done about．．．；That is all we'll say about...） Now for the sound-wave method．现在谈谈风波方法。（＝And we will now talk about．．．） The

人教版高中英语必修5课文原文

---------------------------------------------------------------最新资料推荐------------------------------------------------------ 人教版高中英语必修5课文原文 . 必修 5 Uni t 1 JOHH SHOW DEFEATS KING CHOLERA John Snow was a famous doctor in London - so expert, indeed, that he attended Queen Victoria as her personal physician. But he became inspired when he thought about helping ordinary people exposed to cholera. This was the deadly disease of its day. Neither its cause nor its cure was understood. So many thousands of terrified people died every time there was an outbreak. John Snow wanted to face the challenge and solve this problem. He knew that cholera would never be controlled until its cause was found. He became interested in two theories that possibly explained how cholera killed people. The first suggested that cholera multiplied in the air. A cloud of dangerous gas floated around until it found its victims. The second suggested that people absorbed this disease into their bodies with their meals. From the stomach the disease quickly attacked the body and soon the affected person died. John Snow suspected that the second theory was correct but he needed evidence. So when another outbreak hit London in 1854, he was ready to begin his enquiry. As the disease spread quickly through poor neighbourhoods, he began to gather 1/ 2

省略句资料讲解

文言句式之省略句 句子中省略某一词语或某种成分的现象，是古今共有的。不过，文言里这种现象更突出，而且按照现代汉语习惯，一些不能省略的成分也都省略了。 最常见的省略句有以下几种： 1.省略主语，就是把主语省略掉。 主语的省略，文言文中更为常见。主要原因之一，是文言的第三人称代词一般不独立作句子的主语。句子若是重复前边的词语又罗嗦，这样省略主语的句子自然就多了。句子中是否省略了成分，要根据上下文的意思或整个语言环境去推断。翻译时，要根据具体情况把省略成分补出来。主语的省略，可分为“承前省”“蒙后省”“对话省”等形式。如： （1）承前省 ①廉颇为赵将，（廉颇）伐齐，大破之。 ②永州之野产异蛇，（异蛇）黑质而白章，（异蛇）触草木，（草木）尽死。（柳宗元《捕蛇者说》） （2）蒙后省 ①沛公谓张良曰：“……（公）度我至军中，公乃入。”（司马迁《鸿门宴》） ②（尔）必死是间，余收尔骨焉。 （3）对话省 ①（孟子）曰：“独乐乐，与人乐乐，孰乐？”（王）曰：“不若与人。” ②樊哙曰：“今日之事何如？”良曰：“（今日这事）甚急。”（司马迁《鸿门宴》） 2.省略谓语，就是把谓语省略掉。 谓语是句子最重要的部分。无论是古代还是现代，省略谓语的情况还是比较少的。不过在文言文中，省略谓语也不是非常个别的现象。尤其是并列的句子，如果一句用了某个动词，另一句同样的动词就可以省略。有时省略的谓语需要根据上下文补出，才能不影响意思的表达。 （1）承上文谓语而省略，如： 军中无以为乐，请以剑舞（为乐）。（司马迁《鸿门宴》） 择其善者而从之，（择）其不善者而改之。（《论语》）

夫战，勇气也。一鼓作气，再（鼓）而衰，三（鼓）而竭……。（《曹刿论战》）（2）蒙下文谓语而省略，如： 杨子之邻人亡羊，既率其党（追之），又请杨子之竖追之。 （3）共喻省略，即根据上下文一看便会明白省略的是什么。如： ①及左公下厂狱，史朝夕（俟）狱门外。（方苞《左忠毅公逸事》） ②后公改（任）两广，太监泣别，赠大珠四枚。 3.省略宾语：文言文中省略动词和介词后的宾语是比较普遍的，所省多是代词“之”。 （1）省略动词后的宾语，如： 项伯乃夜驰之沛公军，私见张良，具告（之）以事。 （2）省略介词后的宾语，如： 成视，庞然修伟，自增惭怍，不敢与（之）较。 4.省略兼语：“使、命、令”这类动词的宾语常兼作后边一个主谓词组的主语，这个词就称作兼语。现代汉语的兼语一般不能省略，文言里的兼语却往往被省略，所省多是代词“之”。如： 不如因而厚遇之，使（之）归赵。 5.省略介词：古文中常常省略介词“于”，还有介词“以”“自”等，这些介词与后面的宾语组成介词结构，当这个介词结构作补语时，这个介词常常被省掉。 （1）省略介词“于”，如：荆州之民附操者，逼（于）兵势耳。（司马光《赤壁之战》）（2）省略介词”以”，如：试与他虫斗，虫尽靡；又试之（以）鸡，果如成言。 另外，介词“自”也可省略，如：或王命急宣，有时朝发（自）白帝，暮到江陵。（郦道元《三峡》） 6、介词和介词宾语的省略，例如： ①死马且买之（以）五百金，况生马乎？（战国策·千金市马） ②臣与将军戮力而攻秦，将军战（于）河南，臣战（于）河北。（司马迁《鸿门宴》） ③试与他虫斗，（他）虫尽靡。又试之（以）鸡，果如臣言。（蒲松龄《促织》） ④此人一一为（之）具言所闻。（陶渊明《桃花源记》）

必修一至必修五特殊句式

必修一至必修五特殊句式 《劝学》 1．蟹六跪而二螯，非蛇鳝之穴无可寄托者，用心躁也。（判断句，“……也”表判断）2．蚓无爪牙之利，筋骨之强。（定语后置） 3．取之于蓝而青于蓝；冰，水为之而寒于水。（状语后置） 4．輮以为轮【省略句：輮（之）以（之）为轮】 5．輮使之然也【省略句：輮（之）使之然也】 6．善假于物也（状语后置） 7．金石可镂（被动句） 《师说》 1．句读之不知，惑之不解 2．学于余 3．耻学于师。 4．师不必贤于弟子。 5．师者，所以传道受业解惑也。 6．人非生而知之者。 7．非吾所谓传其道解其惑者也。 8．不拘于时 《赤壁赋》 1．苏子与客泛舟游于赤壁之下 2．客有吹洞箫者，倚歌而和之 3．何为其然也？ 4．而今安在哉？ 5．相与枕藉乎舟中 《始得西山宴游记》 1．居（于）是州（省略介词“于”） 2．故为之文以志（之）（省略宾语“之”，代指宴游西山这件事） 3．是岁元和四年也（语气词“也”，表判断） 4、以为凡是州之山水有异态者 5．皆我有也（可以认为都被我所拥有） 《六国论》 1．赵尝五战于秦 2．齐人勿附于秦 3．其势弱于秦 4．子孙视之不甚惜，举以予人 5．为国者无使为积威之所劫哉---------被动+省略 6．洎牧以谗诛 7. 有如此之势，而为秦人积威之所劫 8．是又在六国下矣 9．是故燕虽小国而后亡，斯用兵之效也

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2019小升初英语语法省略句知识点：空缺与增补.doc

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示例： 便要（之）还家，设酒杀鸡作食。（《桃花源记》）译：（那人）就邀请（渔人）到自己家中，备酒杀鸡款待他。 日扳仲永环谒于邑人，不使（之）学（《伤仲永》） （2）介词宾语的省略，如介词“以”“为”“与”后省略宾语“之”。示例：衣食所安，弗敢专也，必以（之）分人（《曹刿论战》）译：衣食这些养生的东西……，一定把（这些东西）分给别人。

①此人一一为（之）具言所闻。（《桃花源记》）②旦日，客从外来，与（之）坐谈。（《邹忌讽齐王纳谏》） 3、谓语的省略在结构相同的句子中，前一个句子用了某个动词谓语，后面相同的动词谓语可以省略。这一类句子也较少。 示例：一鼓作气，再（）而衰，三（）而竭。（《曹刿论战》） 第二次（击鼓）士气衰弱，第三次（击鼓）士气竭尽。 练习：择其善者而从之，其不善者

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