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什么是企业营销策划

什么是企业营销策划
什么是企业营销策划

什么是企业营销策划

营销策划的目的与任务、主要思路、主要步骤、方案的形成、应注意的主要问题。消化营养的目的是健体益智;管理消化了资源,重要的是把消化的资源变成财富。

一、企业营销策划的目的与主要任务

(一)营销策划的目的

最大限度地实现企业的社会价值和其产品(服务)的市场价值。

(二)营销策划的主要任务及其关系

企业营销的内容(标的物)主要有两个:企业整体形象、企业生产的产品或服务。树立企业整体形象的目的是提高企业的社会地位、提升企业的社会价值、扩大企业在市场上的影响力。树立企业整体形象的最终目的也是为了更好地、更长远地营销企业生产的产品或服务。树立企业整体形象和营销企业产品(服务)分别有一系列的手段和工具,同时,也有它们通用的手段和工具。

1、企业产品营销策划任务

首先,确定企业产品(服务)营销的主目标;其次,确定企业产品(服务)的市场定位(定位——拟在市场中传播的新取向);再次,确定企业产品(服务)营销的全方位定位;最后,确定实现营销全方位定位的最佳模式。

(1)企业产品(服务)营销的主目标一般有三种选择:

A、提高市场占有率——把增加市场占有率(市场份额)为主目标进行策划;

B、追求利润最大化——把近期实现利益放在首位,一切以安全回收资金和价格理想为出发点;

C、打败竞争对手——不遗余力地打败竞争对象。

(2)确定企业产品(服务)的市场定位一般要回答如下四个问题:

A、地理——潜在客户在什么地方;

B、人口——潜在客户有多少;

C、心理——潜在客户的内在心理特点;

D、行为——潜在客户的外在行为表现形式。

supplies and get to use, the registration of company assets, record maintenance, maintenance of effective management; 2.6 cost management: preparation of the annual administrative budget, control administrative costs, determine the scope of cost-sharing, sharing the office expenses by month; 2.7 information management: responsible for documents, materials, information and publicity, communication links, and ensure promptly, ranking officers reporting; responsible for the collation and analysis of information, provide the basis for corporate decisions; corporate culture construction, planning, editing, internal publications;

2.8 vehicle management: responsible for the management, repairs and maintenance of vehicles; 2.9 legal disputes: the company responsible for the handling of disputes; 2.10 other: maintaining normal working order, and security. General Manager General Manager job description 1, 1.1 develop strategies and plans: according to company strategic planning, establish the annual management plan, reported to the Board of Directors for approval; 1.2 decomposition measures: according to the Board of Directors issued the annual management plan, annual index of decomposition, through the Organization of coordination mandate in

charge of the Department Organization and implementation, ensuring

comprehensive implementation of annual indicators; 1.3 inspection: convenes the General Manager Office, through

经过对上述四个问题的明确,系统掌握产品的终端市场(消费者为主体)环境。

(3)企业产品(服务)营销的全方位定位主要包括如下四个方面,即传统的四P

定位理论:

A、产品定位

企业从自身技术、人才、供应、生产、投入等条件出发,依据产品的市场定位,在产品的功效、品质、竞争性等方面,给产品在潜在客户的心目中确定最符合企业利益期望的位置,进而明确产品的内涵和外延。产品定位可以理解成市场需求充分、企业能力允许、竞争对手虚弱三条线的交叉点。

B、价格定位

企业依据客户承受能力、产品成本、竞争性产品的价格定位情况,为上市的产品确定当前价格、价格实现方式和价格变化的方向。

C、渠道定位

营销渠道定位是指拟定产品分销或分配的途径,即确定产品(服务)从生产者向消费者转移所经过的有形和无形的环节。

D、促销定位

为了开拓市场空间和层次、扩大产品销路,需要事行确定的,旨在向目标客户或渠道传递产品或企业或市场信息、激发客户购买或渠道进货的热情、促成客户购买或渠道进货行为的系统性方案。

(4)确定实现营销全方位定位的最佳模式是指把各种可应用的促销理念与企业实际结合起来,多快好省地实现已经拟定的营销定位方案,典型的营销理念介绍如下:

A、整合营销传播(IMC)——以建立长期的、互动式的、即时性的企业——客户

沟通机制为核心的营销模式,互联网技术的发展推动着这种营销模式的应用。典型的口号有“客户决定一切”……

B、服务营销——通过把无形的服务附加到产品中去,为客户提供超额价值,

从面产生更好的销售效果的营销模式。典型的口号有“服务无止境”……

C、关系营销——通过建立与保持企业与客户、政府、其它企业等社会各界的

良好关系来促进销售。典型的口号有“关系就是生产力”……

supplies and get to use, the registration of company assets, record maintenance, maintenance of effective management; 2.6 cost management: preparation of the annual administrative budget, control administrative costs, determine the scope of cost-sharing, sharing the office expenses by month; 2.7 information management: responsible for documents, materials, information and publicity, communication links, and ensure promptly, ranking officers reporting; responsible for the collation and analysis of information, provide the basis for corporate decisions; corporate culture construction, planning, editing, internal publications;

2.8 vehicle management: responsible for the management, repairs and maintenance of vehicles; 2.9 legal disputes: the company responsible for the handling of disputes; 2.10 other: maintaining normal working order, and security. General Manager General Manager job description 1, 1.1 develop strategies and plans: according to company strategic planning, establish the annual management plan, reported to the Board of Directors for approval; 1.2 decomposition measures: according to the Board of Directors issued the annual management plan, annual index of

decomposition, through the Organization of coordination mandate in charge of the Department Organization and implementation, ensuring comprehensive implementation of annual indicators; 1.3 inspection: convenes the General Manager Office, through

D、品牌营销——建立与利用企业品牌或产品品牌的影响力来进行产品(服务)营销。典型的口号有“品牌是企业的生命”……

2、企业整体形象策划任务

兼顾企业的现实市场利益和长远的战略利益,提高企业的知名度至应有的程度,提高企业的美誉度至应有的程度,提高客户的忠诚度至应有的程度。

A、建立和导入形象识别系统(CIS)

B、树立企业品牌形象

C、建立良好的公共关系环境

广告是树立企业整体形象和企业产品(服务)营销必不可少的手段。

二、企业营销策划的主要思路

围绕着企业营销策划的任务,具体讨论营销策划的思路、方式和方法。

1、营销策划的前置条件

A、企业战略、生态、融资、管理的策划方案是销售策划的基础和前提,违背上述基础和前提的营销策划方案是不可实施的。

B、明确营销的战略目标,为了市场占有率,为了利润,为了战胜竞争对手,这些目标兼而有之,目标可以阶段性变换,

C、在充分的环境分析的基础上发现需求营销的战略机会。环境是客观的,客观的环境是不断变动的,变动的环境中各种因素之间具有变动的相关性。

2、市场定位——确定产品的最终客户(客户群)

明确了营销的前置条件后,我们在研究市场,以市场为导向切入营销策划问题,“以销定产”。

首先,要在地理上确定展开销售的区域;其次,要确定预想的客户群的人文特点,如:客户的职业、文化程度、家庭特点等;再次,要描述客户群的内在心理特点,如:注重社会地位、关心就业机会、在乎价格等;最后,要描述客户的外在行为特征,如:随机购买、经常聚会、不用传呼机等。经过这四个步骤,基本上就明确了产品(服务)的潜在客户群。根据客户的具体需求,再考虑竞争者(竞争性产品)的情况,以地理、人文、心supplies and get to use, the registration of company assets, record maintenance, maintenance of effective management;

2.6 cost management: preparation of the annual administrative budget, control administrative costs, determine the scope of cost-sharing, sharing the office expenses by month; 2.7 information management: responsible for documents, materials, information and publicity, communication links, and ensure promptly, ranking officers reporting; responsible for the collation and analysis of information, provide the basis for corporate decisions; corporate culture construction, planning, editing, internal publications; 2.8 vehicle management: responsible for the management, repairs and maintenance of vehicles; 2.9 legal disputes: the company responsible for the handling of disputes; 2.10 other: maintaining normal working order, and security. General Manager General Manager job description 1, 1.1 develop strategies and plans: according to company strategic planning, establish the annual management plan, reported to the Board of Directors for approval; 1.2 decomposition measures: according to the Board of Directors issued the annual

management plan, annual index of decomposition, through the Organization of coordination mandate in charge of the Department Organization and implementation, ensuring comprehensive implementation of annual indicators; 1.3 inspection: convenes the General Manager Office, through 理、行为等特点,进行产品市场细分。一定要假设客户是被许多反对派包围着的、无知的、有行动障碍的、经常激动的、容易变心的上帝。

在细分出来的市场中,确定开发顺序,开发顺序可按五个条件层次去思考,即

五层次分析法:用得上、买得起、信得过、看得中、急着用。每增加一个条件,客

户群的规模和数量会减少一次;在确定当前客户进行市场促销时,要与上述的思考

顺序相反:第一次市场定位是那些既“用得上”又“买得起”又“信得过”又“看

得中”还“急着用”的客户;在第一次市场定位促销取得成功后,再进行第二次市

场定位,第二次市场定位是那些既“用得上”又“买得起”又“信得过”又“看得中”的客户;依此类推,第五次市场定位是那些“用得上”的客户群。也就是说,

在市场定位时要把所有的客户摆成金字塔,最上层的客户是最好开发的,最低层客户是最不好开发的,从易到难,一步一步地把销售引向深入,一步步把市场规模做大。有些企业的营销方案齐备,但产品一直没有进入市场,其原因是在等待市场时机,即等待“急着用”的人群出现。

3、产品定位——确定产品的内涵和外延

有了对市场的立体了解和掌握,接下来的问题是向市场投放什么产品。

产品内涵是有用性、物质性、附加属性的统一,它分三个层次:(1)核心产品,

即产品给予客户提供的最基本的效用和利益。如,照相机的核心产品是纪念、回忆、喜悦和不朽。(2)形式产品,即产品的实体状态和劳务外观,是核心产品的载体,主要包括:品质、外观、特征、式样、品牌、包装、资格等。(3)附加产品,也称扩大产品,是在客户购买时所同时获得的全部附加服务和利益的总和,如提供送

货上门服务、安装维修保养、质量保证等。把确定了内涵的产品放到市场中进行

产品定位时,一般要分三个层面去考虑:回答产品是否有用或产品是做什么用的(可用性定位);回答是哪些人使用或人们怎么用这种产品(可能性定位);回答比其他同

类产品更好用之处(可行性定位)。

按照产品的可行性定位,充分应用有关技术、工艺、进行新产品开发。同时,

要立体地掌握产品的外延。在时间上明确产品的生命周期,在空间上要明确产品的组合。

产品的生命周期主要包括导入期、成长期、成熟期和衰退期。

产品组合主要有延伸产品线、扩充产品组合、缩减产品组合。延伸产品线主要

包括三种形态:向上延伸(向高档)、向下延伸(向低档)、双向延伸(向高低档次);扩充产品组合是指增加产品线或产品品目。有关产品组合的相关概念介绍如下: 产品线——出售给同一类顾客群的,规格、款式有所不同的一组产品。

产品品目——产品线内不同品种、质量、价格的特定产品。

supplies and get to use, the registration of company assets, record maintenance, maintenance of effective management; 2.6 cost management: preparation of the annual administrative budget, control administrative costs, determine the scope of cost-sharing, sharing the office expenses by month; 2.7 information management: responsible for documents, materials, information and publicity, communication links, and ensure promptly, ranking officers reporting; responsible for the collation and analysis of information, provide the basis for corporate decisions; corporate culture construction, planning, editing, internal publications;

2.8 vehicle management: responsible for the management, repairs and maintenance of vehicles; 2.9 legal disputes: the company responsible for

the handling of disputes; 2.10 other: maintaining normal working order, and security. General Manager General Manager job description 1, 1.1 develop strategies and plans: according to company strategic planning, establish the annual management plan, reported to the Board of Directors for approval; 1.2 decomposition measures: according to the Board of Directors issued the annual management plan, annual index of decomposition, through the Organization of coordination mandate in charge of the Department Organization and implementation, ensuring comprehensive implementation of annual indicators; 1.3 inspection: convenes the General Manager Office, through

产品组合的长度——产品品目的多少。

产品组合的深度——每一产品品目的规格、花色的多少,如一种牌子的牙膏有四种规格、五种品味,则该产品线的深度为4×5=20。

产品组合的广度——企业有多少条产品线。

产品组合的相关性——企业各个产品线在产供销等环节相互关联的程度。

包装也几乎成为产品的组成部分。包装策略有许许多多,典型的有:礼品包

装、方便包装、成套包装、类似包装、文化包装、拆改包装、分量包装、安全包装、复用包装、回收包装、附赠包装、纪念包装等。

4、价格定位——确定产品价格的动态体系

在确切了解产品的内涵和外延后,接下来就要给产品定价。总体上产品定价有三种方法:

成本导向法——按成本和预期的利润率确定价格。成本主要包括直接成本、间接成本、预期的销售成本。成本导向法又分三种方法:成本加成定价,即在单位产品成本上加百分比;盈亏平衡定价,考虑到销售额变化后,成本也在发生变化;边际

成本定价,边际成本加边际预期利润计算销售价格。需求导向定价法——按客户

的承受力来确定价格。

竞争导向定价法——依据竞争对手的产品定价来确定本企业的产品价格。

按上述方法确定的企业产品的价格只是初步的价格,还要考虑产品占领市场的

速度、产品与同类产品的关系,最终确定产品的价格。下面是比较常用的策略:

(1)快速撇脂策略,即高价格、高额促销投入,树立产品垄断形象或高档形

象,实现快速占领市场,适合垄断性或先进性突出的产品;

(2)缓慢撇脂策略,即高价格、低促销投入,缓慢占领市场,适合销售渠道专一,无竞争对手的产品; (3)快速渗透策略,即低价格、高促销投入,快速与客户

见面,快速占领市场,适合竞争激烈、客户对价格敏感的产品;

(4)缓慢渗透策略,即低价格、低促销投入,缓慢占领市场,适合市场庞大、

客户对价格敏感的产品,靠竞争对手失误或耐心不足取胜。

如果出售的是产品组合,则可以考虑采取如下定价策略:

(1)搭配定价——将多种产品组合成一套定价;

supplies and get to use, the registration of company assets, record maintenance, maintenance of effective management; 2.6 cost management: preparation of the annual administrative budget, control administrative costs, determine the scope of cost-sharing, sharing the office expenses by month; 2.7 information management: responsible for documents, materials, information and publicity, communication links, and ensure promptly, ranking officers reporting; responsible for the collation and analysis of information, provide the basis for corporate decisions; corporate culture construction, planning, editing, internal publications;

2.8 vehicle management: responsible for the management, repairs and

maintenance of vehicles; 2.9 legal disputes: the company responsible for the handling of disputes; 2.10 other: maintaining normal working order, and security. General Manager General Manager job description 1, 1.1 develop strategies and plans: according to company strategic planning, establish the annual management plan, reported to the Board of Directors for approval; 1.2 decomposition measures: according to the Board of Directors issued the annual management plan, annual index of decomposition, through the Organization of coordination mandate in charge of the Department Organization and implementation, ensuring comprehensive implementation of annual indicators; 1.3 inspection: convenes the General Manager Office, through

(2)系列产品定价——不同档次、款式、规格、花色的产品分别定价;

(3)主导产品带动——把主导产品价格限定住,变化其消耗材料的价格;

(4)以附加品差别定价——根据客户选择附属品不同,而区别主导产品价格。

此外,还要考虑价格心理因素,如折扣、价格尾数、优惠等。

4、渠道定位

有了产品,确定了价格,接下来的问题是通过什么途径把产品送到消费者的手中,这就是分销渠道定位需要解决的问题。

分销渠道有三种类型:企业自办的销售体系,如门市部、直销队伍等;受企业约束的销售机构,如代理商;不受企业约束的销售机构,如批发商、零售商、经销商等。产权不归企业所有的销售机构统称为中间商。

营销渠道的构成分三种情况:直接渠道和间接渠道(有中间商为间接渠道);长渠道和短渠道(按中间商串联多少);宽渠道和窄渠道(按中间商并联多少)。

有些企业产品的营销渠道较长,如企业——代理商——批发商——零售商——

用户。

有些企业直接销售,主要包括:邮购、目录营销、电话订购、电视购销、电子

邮件购销等。

一般,企业选择中间商都有一个成型的标准。

5、促销定位

产品通过渠道进入市场,如何具体地找到客户,找到客户后如何让他们购买产品,客户购买产品后能否还继续购买本企业产品,如何预防和消除意外隐患,如何实

现销售稳定,这些都是促销定位需要解决的问题。

传递信息、创造需求、突出特点、稳定销售是促销须具备的四个功能。促销

一般要从如下程序考虑:显化潜在客户——寻找潜在客户——接近潜在客户——影

响潜在客户——推销至顺利交易——跟踪服务。在操作这些促销步骤中,有许多科学技术原理,也有许多艺术形式。下面介绍几种常用的方法:

(1)融资——营销法:供同类产品(或政府、媒体)说服客户到了十分成熟的程

度,本企业产品略加优势因素上市,创造“人家填海,我们造地”的省力效果。supplies and get to use, the registration of company assets, record maintenance, maintenance of effective management; 2.6 cost management: preparation of the annual administrative budget, control administrative costs, determine the scope of cost-sharing, sharing the office expenses by month; 2.7 information management: responsible for documents, materials, information and publicity, communication links, and ensure promptly, ranking officers reporting; responsible for the collation and analysis of information, provide the basis for corporate decisions; corporate culture construction, planning, editing, internal publications;

2.8 vehicle management: responsible for the management, repairs and maintenance of vehicles; 2.9 legal disputes: the company responsible for the handling of disputes; 2.10 other: maintaining normal working order, and security. General Manager General Manager job description 1, 1.1 develop strategies and plans: according to company strategic planning, establish the annual management plan, reported to the Board of Directors for approval; 1.2 decomposition measures: according to the Board of Directors issued the annual management plan, annual index of decomposition, through the Organization of coordination mandate in charge of the Department Organization and implementation, ensuring comprehensive implementation of annual indicators; 1.3 inspection: convenes the General Manager Office, through

(2)送式营销法:赠送初级产品,在客户对产品有一定依赖性时,加价出售升级产品;送主导产品,加价出售配套产品或辅助用料。

(3)拉销法:利用潜在客户的相关需求,开展公益活动,获取潜在客户资料,为进一步推销奠定基础。

(4)新闻实证法:把产品的实际优良效果新闻化,供新闻(广义)的力量来说服客户。

(5)无限连锁介绍法:利用利益诱惑、俱乐部制、会员制等,使客户介绍客户,形成1:250效应。

6、4P或4C的轮回思维

上述分别介绍了产品营销的四个方面的定位基本方法。但要形成一个营销方案,就必须把这四个方面整合起来。整合四个定位的策划思维方法取名为“4P(或4C)的轮回思维”。

4P:产品,Product;价格,Prise;促销,Promotion;渠道,Place。

4C:顾客策略,Customer;成本策略,Cost;方便策略,Convenience;沟通策

略,Communication。

4P是站在企业角度思考营销问题的途径;4C是站在市场角度思考营销问题的途径。

轮回思维是指在思考一个方面问题时都要分别从其他三个方面出发,如思考产品定位问题,要考虑到与之配套的价格定位、促销手段、渠道定位是否可行;考虑顾客策略时,要考虑到与之配套的成本策略、方便策略、沟通策略是否可行。不断地循序渐进,螺旋式推理,最终要形成一个四方面十分吻合的营销方案来。

7、品牌策划基本知识

上述所有的定位都是为了让客户认同企业产品,我们会自然想到,可否创造一种相对“一劳永逸”的工具,使客户能够多快好省地认同企业产品呢,答案是品牌。

品牌(Trademark)是商品生产者或销售者为自己产品所指定的名称和代号,是

产品的组成部分,它由名称、标志与商标构成,以便于消费者区别同类产品。

好的品牌应具备如下必要条件:反映产品的特点、便于记忆、显著区别其它品

牌标识、有反映新产品特点的空间和弹性(可适用于其它新开发产品),受到法律保护。 supplies and get to use, the registration of company assets, record maintenance, maintenance of effective management; 2.6 cost management: preparation of the annual administrative budget, control administrative costs, determine the scope of cost-sharing, sharing the office expenses by month; 2.7 information management: responsible for documents, materials, information and publicity, communication links, and ensure promptly, ranking officers reporting; responsible for the collation and

analysis of information, provide the basis for corporate decisions; corporate culture construction, planning, editing, internal publications;

2.8 vehicle management: responsible for the management, repairs and maintenance of vehicles; 2.9 legal disputes: the company responsible for the handling of disputes; 2.10 other: maintaining normal working order, and security. General Manager General Manager job description 1, 1.1 develop strategies and plans: according to company strategic planning, establish the annual management plan, reported to the Board of Directors for approval; 1.2 decomposition measures: according to the Board of Directors issued the annual management plan, annual index of decomposition, through the Organization of coordination mandate in

charge of the Department Organization and implementation, ensuring comprehensive implementation of annual indicators; 1.3 inspection: convenes the General Manager Office, through

好的品牌可给企业及其产品销售带来的益处主要包括:制造产品差别,控制产

品需求;强烈的促销功能(品牌是促销信息的“集成块”):有助于产品的系列化延伸;节省促销费用;利于价格定位,增加产品附加值;树立企业形象。

品牌策略主要包括如下四种:统一品牌,即一个企业一个品牌、多种产品;个别

品牌,即一个企业多种产品、多种品牌,甚至一种产品、多种规格、多种品牌;销

售者品牌,即利用设计和品牌从事销售,不进行生产;平行品牌,又称家族品牌,

即把统一的企业品牌与个别的产品标记连接在一起,形成以共性为基础、差别很明显的品牌家族。

品牌定位的主要方法如下:

A、目标市场定位——以消费者为导向,如太太口服液;

B、消费感受定位——以产品功能所产生的消费效果为导向,如农夫山泉;

C、情感形象定位——以产品给客户带来的形象变化为牌导向,如娃哈哈;

D、文化观念定位——以文化和观念为导向,如诸葛亮牌香烟;

E、产品形式定位——以产品特征为导向,如白加黑;

F、产品功能定位——以产品的使用功能为导向,如蓝天六必治、盖中盖、脑白金;

G、消费诉求定位——以消费期望为导向,如扳倒井;

在品牌定位后,附加一句广告语,进一步突出定位,如“农夫山泉,有点甜”。

名牌是品牌的知名度、美誉度、客户忠诚度和产品的质量稳定性、市场占有率的高度统一。

必须强调的是,创建一个品牌,企业要比一般营销付出数倍的代价,但一旦品牌树立成功后,其后续效果是非品牌营销所无法企及的。但品牌是既强大又脆弱的行销工具,使用与维护不当,例如随意嫁接产品、不合理延伸等,它会很快贬值,甚至出现负值。 11、产品/市场组合法

营销策划是一个十分复杂的知识体系,针对一个具体的营销策划课题,我们一方面倡导策划者要全面、深入、细致、创造性地策划思维与工作,同时,又要抓住主要矛盾,以期迅速作出方案,体现营销效果。产品/市场组合法就是抓住营销策划重点的一种思维方法。

supplies and get to use, the registration of company assets, record maintenance, maintenance of effective management; 2.6 cost management: preparation of the annual administrative budget, control administrative costs, determine the scope of cost-sharing, sharing the office expenses by month; 2.7 information management: responsible for documents,

materials, information and publicity, communication links, and ensure promptly, ranking officers reporting; responsible for the collation and analysis of information, provide the basis for corporate decisions; corporate culture construction, planning, editing, internal publications;

2.8 vehicle management: responsible for the management, repairs and maintenance of vehicles; 2.9 legal disputes: the company responsible for the handling of disputes; 2.10 other: maintaining normal working order, and security. General Manager General Manager job description 1, 1.1 develop strategies and plans: according to company strategic planning, establish the annual management plan, reported to the Board of Directors for approval; 1.2 decomposition measures: according to the Board of Directors issued the annual management plan, annual index of decomposition, through the Organization of coordination mandate in

charge of the Department Organization and implementation, ensuring comprehensive implementation of annual indicators; 1.3 inspection: convenes the General Manager Office, through

产品/市场组合法:老产品老市场(突出成本与价格优势)、新产品老市场(突出

产品的功能特色)、老产品新市场(突出产品的品牌)、新产品新市场(大力造势)。

产品/市场组合法在理念上确立了产品定位与促销手段之间的关系框架。

市场有新老之分,老市场是指消费者普遍对某种产品有了成熟的消费习惯和知识,而新市场的情况反之。

产品有新老之分,老产品是指在产地,企业生产的产品已经定型,与其它同类

产品“同质化”,而新产品则反之。

企业营销策划是一个“大家族”,进一步细究还包括销售组织策划、销售团队

文化策划等。

三、企业营销策划的主要步骤

企业营销策划的决策环上决策点比较多,主要包括:战略要求、生态要求、融

资要求、管理要求、市场定位、产品定位、价格定位、渠道定位、促销定位、品牌定位、CIS、广告实现、公关实现。

1、营销策划之整理:4P内外调查(市场与企业);高低对手调查;决策与管理调

查。调查技术——点、目标、环。

2、营销策划之判断:点判断,主观的4P与客观的4P是否一致,客观的点是否

具有劣势;目标判断,主观的目标与客观的目标是否一致,客观的目标是否具有劣势;环判断,主观的决策环与客观的决策环是否一致,客观的决策环是否具有劣

势。SWOT(优势 Strength、弱点 Weakness、机会 Opportunities、威胁 Threats)分析法。

3、营销策划之创新:目标创新、决策点创新、决策环精密。

supplies and get to use, the registration of company assets, record maintenance, maintenance of effective management; 2.6 cost management: preparation of the annual administrative budget, control administrative costs, determine the scope of cost-sharing, sharing the office expenses by month; 2.7 information management: responsible for documents, materials, information and publicity, communication links, and ensure promptly, ranking officers reporting; responsible for the collation and analysis of information, provide the basis for corporate decisions; corporate culture construction, planning, editing, internal publications;

2.8 vehicle management: responsible for the management, repairs and

maintenance of vehicles; 2.9 legal disputes: the company responsible for the handling of disputes; 2.10 other: maintaining normal working order, and security. General Manager General Manager job description 1, 1.1 develop strategies and plans: according to company strategic planning, establish the annual management plan, reported to the Board of Directors for approval; 1.2 decomposition measures: according to the Board of Directors issued the annual management plan, annual index of decomposition, through the Organization of coordination mandate in charge of the Department Organization and implementation, ensuring comprehensive implementation of annual indicators; 1.3 inspection: convenes the General Manager Office, through

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