定语从句精简版
英语定语从句用法详解
一、有关概念
所谓定语从句，就是在复合句中起定语作用以修饰主句中的名词或代词的从句。学习定语从句，首先要弄清两个重要概念——先行词和关系词。
先行词是我们汉语中从来没有听过的一个新概念，它其实指的就是被定语从句所修饰的词。由于定语从句修饰名词或代词时，定语从句通常是后置的，所以人们就将放在定语从句前被定语从句修饰的名词或代词叫先行词。
那什么是关系词呢？其实它就是用于引导定语从句的引导词。事实上，英语中的各类从句，不管性质如何，它们都需要有一个词来“引导”，正如人们给引导状语从句的词语取了个名字叫从属连词一样，人们也给引导定语从句的词语取了个名字，叫它关系词，因为它通常被放在先行词和定语从句之间起连接作用，以表明两者之间的修饰关系，同时它还在定语从句中充当一定的句子成分。
二、关系词与先行词的关系
先来看看关系词有哪些。
根据关系词在定语从句中的作用，我们可以将关系词分为关系代词和关系副词两种。所谓关系代词就是指起代词作用的关系词，它们在引导定语从句的同时，还在定语从句中充当主语、宾语、宾语等，英语中比较常用的关系代词有that, which, who, whom, whose等。
类似地，关系副词就是指起副词作用的关系词，它们在引导定语从句的同时，还在定语从句中充当状语等，英语中比较常用的关系副词只有三个，即when, where和why。
关系词与先行词之间的关系很简单，简单得可以划一个等号。因为，关系词的含义在本质上等价于先行词，它与先行词指的就是同一个人或同一个事物。
I know the man who lives next door. 我认识住在隔壁的那个人。
这是一个含有定语从句的复合句。句中的the man为先行词，who lives next door为修饰the man的定语从句
She will never forget the day when she got married. 她永远不会忘记她结婚的这一天。
句中的the day为先行词，when she got married为修饰the day的定语从句；在定语从句中，when是关系词，它在定语从句中用作状语，从意义上说，它在此与“介词+先行词”所表示的意思等价，也就是说上面的句子与下面这个句子等价：She will never forget the day. On that day she got married. 她永远不会忘记这一天，在这一天她结婚了。
三、定语从句的翻译
首先，我们必须要明白一点，那就是引导定语从句的which, who, when, where, why等是关系词（关系代词或关系副词），而不是疑问词，所以不能按疑问词的意思来理解。
英语中的定语从句总是后置的，即要放在被修饰名词或代词之后；但在汉语中，定语通常是前置的，也就是说定语要放在被修饰名词的前面，并通常表现为“……的”这样的形式。当我们翻译英语中定语从句的时候，一般可以按汉语习惯，将定语从句翻译在被修饰的名词或代词之前，而其中的关系词一般就是译成汉语中的“……的”。如：
He showed me the article that he had written. 他把他写的文章拿给我看。
句中的that he had written为修饰名词the article的定语从句，翻译时就可译为“他写的文章”，其中的关系代词that在此译成了“的”字。
She was not in the train which arrived just now. 她不在刚到的那列火车上。
句中的which arrived just now为修饰名词the train的定语从句，翻译时就可译为“刚才到的那列火车”，其中的关系代词which在此也译成了“的”字。
四、关系代词的省略
省略关系代词最典型的情形就是当关系代词在定语从句中用作宾语的时候。在定语从句中能够用作宾语的关系代词有that, which, who, whom。如：
Those books (that) you lent me were very useful. 你借给我的那些书很有用。
句中的(that) you lent me为修饰those books的定语从句，引导定语从句的关系代词that在定语从句中用作动词lent的宾语，故可以省略。
I wore the necklace (which) my mother had left me. 我戴着我妈留给我的项链。
句中的(which) my mother had left me为修饰the necklace的定语从句，引导定语从句的关系代词which在定语从句中用作动词left的宾语，故可以省略。
Do you still remember the boy (who, whom) I was going out with? 你还记得那个跟我约会的小伙子吗?
句中的(who, whom) I was going out with为修饰the boy的定语从句，引导定语从句的关系代词who / whom 在定语从句中用作句尾介词with的宾语，故可以省略。
注意：我们说的关系代词的省略只限于限制性定语从句，在非限制性定语从句中，即使关系代词用作宾语也不能省略。另外，当关系代词直接用作介词后作宾语时，此时也不能省略。如：
I wanted to find someone with whom I could discuss books and music. 我想找到一个可以和我谈书和音乐的人。
此句中的关系代词which虽然也是用作宾语，但不能省略，因为它是直接跟在介词with后面作宾语。但是，如果将此句改写一下，将介词with置于句末，则可以将关系代词whom省略。如：
I wanted to find someone (whom) I could discuss books and music with. 我想找到一个可以和我谈书和音乐的人。
五、主要关系代词的用法
1. that的用法
that是所有关系代词中最常用的，它既可指人也可指物，既可用作主语也可用作宾语。如：
This is the photo (that) I took. 这就是我拍的照片。
They live in a house that was built 200 years ago. 他们住在一座两百年前盖的房子里。
The man that I saw told me to come here. 我见到的人让我到这里来。
2. who / whom的用法
关系代词who和whom均只能指人，不能指物；从理论上说，who是主格，在定语从句中用作主语；whom 是宾格，在定语从句中用作宾语。但在实际运用中，除非是直接用作介词后作宾语，否则凡是用宾格whom 的地方。如：
I met someone who said he knew you. 我碰到一个人，他说认识你。
She is the girl (who, whom) you saw in school. 她就是你在学校见到的那个女孩。
注意，如果关系代词是直接用作介词后作宾语，不可以用who来代替whom。如：
The girl to whom I spoke is my cousin. 我和她谈话的那个姑娘是我表妹。
句中的whom直接用在介词to的后面作宾语，故不可省略。
3. whose的用法
不要以为关系代词whose只用于指人，其实它也可以用于指事物；whose在定语从句中主要用作定语。如：He is the man whose car was stolen. 他就是汽车被窃的人。
It was an island whose name I have forgotten. 这是一座岛，名字我忘了。
第一句中的关系代词whose指人，第二句中的关系代词whose 指物。
六、主要关系副词的用法
1. when的用法
关系副词when在定语从句中用作状语，表示时间，用以修饰表示时间的先行词；在许多情况下可以理解为“介词+which”的意思(which的意思与先行词所表示的意思等价)，其中的“介词”通常应根据先行词的含与搭配来确定。如：
1988 was the year when he was born. 1988是他的出生年。
句中的when he was born为修饰the year的定语从句，关系副词when在此相当于in which。表示在某一年，英语习惯上用介词in，如in 1988, in 2008等，所以此处用in which。
I’ll never forget the day when I first met you. 我永远不会忘记第一次见你的那天。
Don’t forget the time when the wedding will start. 不要忘记婚礼开始的时间。
2. where的用法
关系副词where在定语从句中也是用作状语，表示地点，用以修饰表示地点的先行词；在许多情况下也可以理解为“介词+which”的意思(which的意思与先行词所表示的意思等价)，其中的“介词”通常应根据先行词的含与搭配来确定。如：
What is the name of the town where you live? 你住的那个城市叫什么名字?
句中的where you live为修饰the town的定语从句，关系副词where在此相当于in which。表示在住在某城市，英语习惯上说明live in a city，所以此处用in which。
This cross marks the spot where she died. 这个十字符号标明她死去的地点。
句中的where she died为修饰the spot的定语从句，关系副词where在此相当于at which。表示在在某一地点，英语习惯上说明at a spot，所以此处用at which。
3. why的用法
关系副词why在定语从句中也是用作状语，表示原因；why引导定语从句时，其先行词只有一个，那就是the reason；在许多情况下why也可以理解为for which。如：
These are the reasons why we do it. 这些就是我们这样做的理由。
Do you know the reason why she doesn’t like me? 你知道她不喜欢我的原因吗?
七、限制性和非限制性定语从句
根据从句与主句的关系是否紧密来区分，定语从句可分为限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句两大类。
所谓限制性定语从句，它的作用是对先行词起修饰、限制或确定的作用，若去掉，先行词的意思就不明确，它是不可缺少的一部分，它与先行词的关系密不可分，不可用逗号将其分开。
而非限制性定语从句的作用则只是对先行词起补充说明作用，它是可有可无的，与先行词关系松散，通常用逗号将其分开。因此，有无逗号通常是区分限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句的重要标志。
从所使用的关系词来看，在限制性定语从句中，that可以代替who, whom和which等，但在非限制性定语从句中不能用that。如：
He changed his mind, which made me very angry. 他改变了主意，这使我很生气。
Then he met Mary, who invited him to a party. 后来他遇到玛丽，玛丽邀请他去参加晚会。
另外，关系副词when和where既可引导限制性定语从句，也可引导非限制性定语从句；但关系副词why 则只能引导限制性定语从句，不能引导非限制性定语从句。
We’ll put off the picnic until next week, when the weather may be better. 我们将把野餐推迟到下星期，那时天气
八、关系代词还是关系副词
一般说来，当先行词是表示时间的名词时，其后要用关系副词when来引导定语从句；先行词是表示地点的名词时，其后要用关系副词where来引导定语从句。但这只是一般情况，有时会有特殊情况：
Don’t forget the time that I’ve told you. 不要忘记我告诉你的时间。
This is the house that he bought yesterday. 这就是他昨天买的那座房子。
这两句均含有定语从句，它们所修饰的先行词分别为the time和the house，分别为表示时间和地点的名词，但为什么后面接的是关系代词that，而不是关系副词when和where呢？
分析一下上面的两个句子：
在Don’t forget the time that I’ve told you中，定语从句that I’ve told you之所以要用that来引导，是因为从句中的动词told缺宾语，tell在此所用的句型是tell sb sth，所以定语从句要用关系代词引导。
在This is the house that he bought yesterday中，定语从句hat he bought yesterday之所以也要用that来引导，同时是因为从句中的动词bought缺宾语，所以定语从句也要用关系代词引导。
确定用关系代词还是用关系副词的简便方法是：看定语从句中是否缺少主语或宾语，若缺，用关系代词；若不缺，用关系副词。
关系代词as的用法
1. 用于引导限制性定语从句，主要与such, as, the same连用，其意为“像……的”“凡是……的”“……一类的人(物)”。如：
He’s not such a fool as he looks. 他并不像看上去的那样愚蠢。
He is not such a man as would leave his work half done. 他并不是一个做事半途而废的人。
You must show my wife the same respect as you show me. 你必须对我妻子表现出与对我同样的敬重。
2. 用于引导非限制性定语从句，根据情况可位于主句之前或之后，有时也可插在主句中间，其意为“这件事”“这一点”。如：
He is late, as is often the case. 他迟到了，这是经常的事。
David, as you know, has not been well lately. 大卫最近身体不太好，这你是知道的。
高考真题
1【2013安徽】29. Mo Yan was awarded the Nobel Prize for Literature in 2012, made one of the Chinese people’s long-held dreams come true.
A. it
B. that
C. what
D. which
2【2013北京】27. Many countries are now setting up national parks animals and plants can be protected.
A. when
B. which
C. whose
D. where
3【2013福建】27. The book tells stories of the earthquake through the eyes of those _______ lives were affected.
A. whose
B. that
C. who
D. which
4【2013湖南】21. Happiness and success often come to those ________ are good at recognizing their own strengths.
A. whom
B. who
C. what
D. which
5【2013江苏】32. The president of the World Bank says he has a passion for China , he remembers starting as early as his childhood.
A. where
B. which
C. what
D. when
6【2013江西】33. He wrote a letter ______ he explains what had happened in the accident.
A. what
B. which
C. where
D. how
7【2013辽宁】34. He may win the competition, _____ he is likely to get into the national team.
A. in which case
B. in that case
C. in what case
D. in whose case
8【2013山东】31. There is no simple answer, _____ is often the case in science.
A. as
B. that
C. when
D. where
9【2013山东】35. Finally he reached a lonely island _________ was completely cut off from the outside world.
A. when
B. where
C. which
D. whom
10【2013陕西】16. is often the case with children, Amy was better by the time the doctor arrived.
A. It
B. That
C. What
D. As
11【2013四川】9. Nowadays people are more concerned about the environment ______ they live.
A. what
B. which
C. when
D. where
12【2013天津】6. We have launched another man-made satellite, is announced in today’s newspaper.
A. that
B. which
C. who
D. what
13【2013新课标II卷】4. When I arrived, Bryan took me to see the house_ I would be staying.
A. what
B. when
C. where
D. which
14【2013新课标I卷】33.”You can’t judge a book by its cover,”.
A. as the saying goes old
B. goes as the old saying
C. as the old saying goes
D. goes as old the saying
15【2013浙江】5. The children, ______ had played the whole day long, were worn out.
A. all of what
B. all of which
C. all of them
D. all of whom
16【2013浙江】13. The museum will open in the spring with an exhibition and a viewing platform ______ visitors can watch the big glasshouses being built.
A. what
B. where
C. when
D. why
17【2013重庆】24. John invited about 40 people to his wedding, most of are family members.
A them B. that C. which D. whom
DDABB CAACD DBCCD BD
定语从句专项训练40题
1.____ have plenty of money will help their friend.
A. Those who
B. He who
C. That who
D. You who
2.This is the longest train _____ I have ever seen.
A. which
B. that
C. what
D. whom
3.____ we all know, swimming is a very good sport.
A. Which
B. That
C. As
D. Who
4.I shall never forget those years _____ I lived in the farm ____ you visited last week.
A. when, where
B. which, which
C. when , which
D. which , where
5.The radio set ___ last week has gone wrong.
A.I bought it
B. which I bought it
C.I bought
D. what I bought
6.He paid the boy $10 for washing ten windows, most of ____ hadn’t been cleaned for at least a year.
A. these
B. them
C. that
D. which
7.The day will come _____ the people all over the world will win liberation.
A. that
B. where
C. which
D. when
8.Mr. Herpin is one of the foreign experts who ____ in China.
A. works
B. is working
C. are working
D. has been working
9.They talked for about an hour of things and persons ____ they remembered in the school.
A. which
B. that
C. who
D. whom
10.My glasses, ____ I was like a blind man, fell to the ground and broke.
A. which
B. with which
C. without which
D. that
11.He is a man of great experience, _____ much can be learned.
A. who
B. from him
C. from whom
D. whom
12.A harvester is a machine ____ we harvest crops or a person ____ is harvesting.
A. which , who
B. that , that
C. with which , who
D./, that
13.I have bought the same dress ____ she is wearing.
A. as
B. that
C. which
D. what
14.In the police station I saw the man from ___ room the thief had stolen the TV set.
A. whom
B. which
C. that
D. whose
15.This is the very reason we all know.
A. why
B. that
C. for which
D. what
16.Please put the letter _____ he can easily find it.
A. in which
B. where
C. the place where
D. in the place
17.The house ______ there is a big tree was built more than 1000 years ago.
A. which
B. that
C. in the front of which
D. in front of which
18.Antarctic, ____ we know very little is covered with thick ice all the year round.
A. which
B. where
C. that
D. about which
19.The reason ____ I was away from school is ____ I was ill yesterday.
A. that, that
B. why, why
C. why, that
D. that, why
20.It was a meeting ______ importance I didn’t realize at that time.
A. which
B. of which
C. that
D. whose
21. This is the store we visited the famous shop assistants.
A. where
B. there
C. that
D. which
22.They have decided to stay at home, ____ , I think , ___ a wise choice.
A. which , are
B. which , is
C. that , are
D. that , is
23.All the apples ___ fell down were eaten by the pigs.
A. those
B. that
C. which
D. what
24.Did you see the man ____ ?
A.I nodded just now
B. whom I nodded just now
C. whom I nodded to him
D. whom I nodded to just now
25.I, ___ your good friend, will try my best to help you.
A. who is
B. who am
C. that is
D. what is
26.---How do you like the book?
---It’s quite different from ____ I read last month.
A. that
B. which
C. the one what
D. the one
27.Is oxygen the only gas ____ helps fire burn?
A. that
B./
C. which
D. it
28. I’ll tell you ___ he told me last week.
A. all which
B. all what
C. that all
D. all that
29.In the dark street, there wasn’t a single person _____ she could turn for help.
A. to whom B who C. from whom D. that
30.Willma won three Olympic gold medals in track, _____ made her mother very happy.
A. it
B. that
C. which
D. this
31.She heard a terrible noise, ____brought her heart into her mouth.
A. it
B. which
C. this
D. that
32. His parents wouldn’t let him marry anyone ____ family was poor.
A. of whom
B. whom
C. of whose
D. whose
33.The weather turned out to be very good, ___ was more than we could expect.
A. what
B. which
C. that
D. it
34.After living in Paris for fifty years he returned to the small town ___ he grew up as a child.
A. which
B. where
C. that
D. when
35.I shall never forget those years ____ I lived in the country with the farmers.
A. that
B. when
C. which
D./
36. I don’t like the way you speak to her.
A. /
B. in that
C. which
D. of which
37. Is there any other reader wants to renew his book?
A. who
B. whom
C. whose
D. which
38. I’d like to buy the same bike you are riding.
A. that
B. that
C. as
D. like
39. He has two sons, are soldiers.
A. both of them
B. neither of which
C. neither of whom
D. both of whom
40. Is this book you want to borrow from the library?
A. that
B. which
C. the one
D. /
答案: 1—5 ABCCC 6—10 DDCBC 11---15 CCADB 16---20 BDDCD
21---25 ABBDB 26---30 DADAC 31---35 BDBBB 36---40 AACDC
定语从句讲义(教师版)
模块简介 ☆主要应用：本模块主要考察引导词的应用,随着高考英语的改革,英语语法的考点也有所改变,现在主要应用在短文改错和语法填空中 ☆模块等级：本模块难度中等,学生的基础稍微弱一些也可以接受,基础弱的学生需要5-8课时（2h/课）不等,中等学生3课时（2h/课）可以基本掌握,基础好的学生1-2课时（2h/课）可以搞定 ☆知识分布：每节课需要先讲解10个高考重点词汇辨析,之后讲解语法知识,语法知识中的例句与练习题可以相应练习本堂课程中的重点词汇,从而达到复习的效果 ☆习题分布：习题包括08-14年高考题,辽宁省模拟题并且平均练习各个考点 ☆通关确保：本部分习题为课后作业,分为牛刀小试,略有所成,炉火纯青等不同难度的单项选择还包括语法填空与短文改错从而达到最高效的练习 ☆易混模块：本模块容易与名词性从句状语从句混淆,所以三大从句讲解完毕之后会配有知识点总结与 习题练习
定语从句 【知识清单】 【考点一】句子结构 简单句（只有一套主谓结构） （1）主.谓 I sleep. （2）主.谓.宾 I study English. （4）主.谓.间宾.直宾 He gave me anoffer. （3）主.谓.宾.宾补 He makes medelighted. （即双宾语结构） （人一般为间接宾语,物为直接宾语） （5）主.系.表 I am a teacher. 复合句（有两套或两套以上的主谓结构） The girl is beautiful. The girl has long hair. （1）并列句 ①表递进：and. not only...but also.... neither...nor... She not only dances well but also sings well. Neither do I know his address, nor do my parents. ②表选择：or. Either...or..... You can stay here ,or you can leave. Either you leave or I leave. ③表转折：but. Yet. Whereas(然而）. Some men are rich, whereas others are poor. He tried his best, but he failed. ④表因果：so. For. I must be off now, for my sister is waiting for me. I work hard, so I was able to pass the exam. （2）复合句 ①定语从句：The ∧ girl (who has long hair ）is beautiful. beautiful 划线部分作用相同,即定语从句起到形容词的作用 ②状语从句：(时间、地点、原因、条件、让步、目的、结果、方式、比较) 一、定语从句的相关概念 合并为一句话
外研版英语中考英语定语从句知识点总结及经典习题(含答案)
外研版英语中考英语定语从句知识点总结及经典习题(含答案) 一、定语从句 1．Children like stories _______have happy endings, and so do many old people. A．who B．which C．what 【答案】B 【解析】 【详解】 句意：孩子们喜欢有美满结局的故事，许多老人也是。who引导定语从句，修饰人；which 引导定语从句，修饰事物；what引导名词性从句。此处修饰先行词stories的定语从句，修饰事物，故用关系代词which引导定语从句。故选B。 2．You Raise Me Up is a song ________ brings me much courage in the face of challenges. A．who B．when C．which D．where 【答案】C 【解析】 【详解】 句意：《你鼓舞了我》是一首歌，它带给我面对挑战的勇气。 A. who定语从句关系词，先行词是人； B. when定语从句关系词；做时间状语； C. which 定语从句关系词，先行词是物；D. where定语从句关系词，做地点状语。a song 是物，关系词用which。根据题意，故选B。 3．—Have you heard of the Huawei Company? —Sure, it’s one of the _____ companies _____ make us Chinese proud. A．great; which B．greater; which C．greatest; that 【答案】C 【解析】 【详解】 句意：——你听说过华为公司吗？——当然，它是使我们中国人感到骄傲的最棒的公司之一。 great伟大的；greater比较伟大的，是比较级；greatest最伟大的，形容词最高级；which 关系代词，可以引导定语从句，先行词为物，在从句中作主语或宾语；that也是关系代词，先行词为人或物，引导定语从句，在从句中作主语或宾语。第一个空考查句型one of the +形容词最高级+名词复数，表示“最……的之一”，故排除A和B，应选C。第二个空是that引导的定语从句，在从句中作主语。 4．On Monday April 15， 2019， the fire_______broke out in Notre Dame Cathedral in Paris shocked the world． A．that B．who C．where 【答案】A
高中定语从句讲义
英语的句子成分及基本结构 首先,我们来看一下英语当中词的词性(part of speech) ( n.) apple, flower, student, adult, advertisement……这些是_________词(pron.) I, you, we, myself, ourselves……这些是________词 ( v. ) work, run, read, abandon, beg……这些是__________词 ( adj. ) excited, important , central……这些是________词, 常用来修饰 _______________ ( adv. ) fast, hard, happily, out, away…这些是________词, 常用来修饰 _______________ (conj. ) and, but, or, as, when, if…. 这些是_________词, 常用来 _______________ (prep. ) in, on, at, by, above……这些是_______词, 可以构成短语, 在一个句中做下列成分: This is a book on gardening. (做定语) The book is under the table. (做表语) He has been here since Friday. (做状语) Make yourself at home. (做补语) 接下来，我们在了解一下构成一个句子的基本成分有哪些(members of sentences) George is a smart boy from Britain. He likes learning Chinese very much. History is his favorite subject, too. Talking with his Chinese friends online makes him happy. 在这几个句子里： George, He, History, Talking with his Chinese friends 是句子中的________. is是句子中的________. like, make是句子中的________. a smart boy, his favorite subject是句子中的________. learning Chinese, him是句子中的________. smart, from Britain, favorite是句子中的________. very much是句子中的________. happy是句子中的________.
2020外研版初中英语定语从句讲解及练习
2020外研版初中英语定语从句讲解及练习 1.概念： 定语可以由形容词、名词、动名词、分词、副词、不定式以及介词短语等来担任， 定语从句在句子中的作用相当于形容词，故又称为形容词性从句。: 2.常见考点： ①先行词与关系词 先行词： 被定语从句修饰的名词、代词称为先行词。先行词一般出现在定语从句之前。例：Do you know the girl who is singing on the stage?（the girl为先行词） 关系词： 引导定语从句的词被称为关系词。关系词根据其在定语从句中的功能可分为关系代词和关系副词。关系代词在从句中作主语、宾语、表语、定语等，关系副词在从句中作状语。 例：Speaking of the USA, New York is the first thing comes to mind. 注意：在定语从句中，关系词取代了先行词，因此在定语从句中不能再重复先行词。下面的句子是错误的： 例：This is the right book that you are looking for the book.（应去掉the book) ②关系代词和关系副词： 常见的关系代词
③关系代词的用法 ↓↓↓who和whom的用法： 二者都用于指人。who在定语从句中作主语、宾语，whom在定语从句中作宾语。 例：In this earthquake, the number of people who lost homes reached as many as 250,000. ↓↓↓whose的用法: whose一般指人，但有时也指物，whose指代物时，相当于of which。在定语从句中作定语。 例：You're the only one whose advice he might listen to. ↓↓↓which的用法: ?which一般指物，在定语从句中作主语、宾语。 例：The train which has just left is for Shenzhen. ?在定语从句中作介词的宾语。 例：The house in which I used to live has become a shoe shop.
定语从句讲义与练习.doc
定语从句专项练习题 1.Don't talk about such things of you arc not sure. A. which B. what C. as D. those 2.Is this the factory you visited the other day? A. that B. where C. in which D. the one 3.Is this factory some foreign friends visited last Friday? A. that B. where C. which D. the one 4.Is this the factory he worked ten years ago? A. that B. where C. which D. the one 5.The wolves hid themselves in the places couldn't be found. A. that B. where C. in which D. in that 6.The freezing point is the temperature water changes into ice. A. at which B. on that C. in which D. of what 7.This book will show you can be used in other contexts.. A. how you have observed B. what you have observed C. that you have observed D. how that you have observed 8.The reason is he is unable to operate the machine. A. because B. why C. that D. whether 9.Til tell you he told me last week. A. all which B. that C. all that D. which 10.That tree,branches are almost bare, is very old. A. whose B. of which C. in which D. on which 11.1have bought the same dress she is wearing. A. as B. that C. which D. what 12.He failed in the examination,made his father very angry. A. which Be it C. that D. what 13.Wc'rc talking about the piano and the pianist were in the concert we attended last night. A. which B. whom C. who D. that 14.The girl an English song in the next room is Tom's sister. A. who is singing B. is singing C. sang D. was singing 15.Those not only from books but also through practice will succeed. A. learn B. who C. that learns D. who learn 16.Anyone this opinion may speak out A. that againsts B. that against C. who is against D. who are against 17.Didn't you see the man? A. I nodded just now B. whom I nodded just now C. I nodded to him just now D. I nodded to just now 18.Can you lend me the novel the other day? A. that you talked B. you talked about it C. which you talked with D. you
初中定语从句讲义
定语从句 用来修饰名词的叫定语。 a pretty girl a girl in red a girl standing in the living room. a girl who is standing in the living room is lucy I like the girls who can play the guitar. ] 形容词修饰名词通常位于名词之前作前置定语；名词之后的介词短语作后置定语； 理解定语从句要把握住两个关键词：先行词、关系代词（关系副词） ★当先行词指人时,关系代词可以用who,that,whose,whom. 关系代词的作用:一指代先行词； 二在主句和从句中作引导词； 三在从句中作主语/宾语/定语。 （who和that在从句中既可以作主语，也可以作宾语；whom在从句中只能作宾语；whose在从句中只能作定语，即whose后面加名词） * Garmen likes musicians who play different kinds of music. She is the girl (who)I love very much. I love the book which my father bought for me last week very much. Do you know the girl whose hair is long Linda,whose English is very good,is always helpful. ★当先行词指物时,关系代词可以用which/that(which和that在从句中既可以作主语,也可以作宾语) I don’t like the people that speak much but do little. / The little boy (that)he is watching is lovely boy. ★当先行词指地点时,关系副词可以用where,wherer在定语从句中充当地点状语； This is a place where kids can play with sand. My uncle went to the town where he was born. It has to be a place where we can do lots of exercise. ★当先行词指时间时,关系副词可以用when,when在定语从句中充当时间状语；I’ll never forget the time when we worked on the farm.
完整版定语从句讲义个人精心整理
?定语从句定义及相关术语 1.定语从句：修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。定语从句一般紧跟在它所修饰的 先行词之后。 2.先行词：被定语从句修饰的词叫先行词。 3.关系词：引导定语从句的词叫关系词。 关系词有关系代词和关系副词。关系代词有that, which, who, whom, whose, as等; 关系副词有when, where, why 等。 关系词通常有下列三个作用： A.引导定语从句 B.代替先行词，C.在定语从句中担当一个成分.关系代词表格
例如：(注意关系代词在定语从句中所充当的成分) ①Do you know the pro fessor who/that will give us a sp eech next week? ②I read a report about his new novel that/ which will soon be p ublished. ③The plan that/which they argued about was settled at last. (作宾语) ④This is the new secretary (who/whom/that) I would like to in troduce to you. ⑤The soldier whose legs were badly woun ded was op erated on without delay. 三.6个关系代词的用法 1 )关系代词that禾n which 的用法 which, that在代替物时，一般可以通用。 His father works in a factory that/which makes TV sets. The coat (which/that) I put on the desk is black. ▲但在有些情况下，只用that 1.先行词是最高级形容词或它的前面有最高级形容词修饰时。 ①This is the best way that has bee n used aga inst p olluti on. ②En glish is the most difficult subject that you will lear n duri ng these years. 2.先行词是序数词，或它前面有一个序数词时。 ①This is the last p lace (that) I want to visit. ②It is the first America n movie of this kind that I 3.先行词是all, much, little, someth ing, everyth ing, anything, nothing, non e,a ny, few, little, no, all, much, every 等不定代词时。 ①You should hand in all that you have. ②We haven ‘ t got much that we can ffer you. ③The little money (that) he had was stole n. 4.先行词前面有the on ly, the very,等修饰时。 The only thing that we can do is to give you some mon ey. 5.先行词既有人又有物时。 Do you know the things and persons that they are talk ing about? 6.主句已有疑问词which时。避免重复使用 Which is the bike that you lost? 7.that在定语从句中作表语 Mary is no Ion ger the girl that she used to be. （作主 语） （作宾 语） ve ever seen.
高三英语一轮复习---定语从句讲义
定语从句 （一）基本概念 1.由一个句子作定语，修饰句中一个名词或代词，有时也可以修饰整个句子或句中的部分内容， 这样的从句就是定语从句，被其修饰的名词或代词叫先行词。 2.关系词分为两大类，即关系代词和关系副词，其作用一是引出一个定语从句，二是代替其所修 饰的先行词，三是在句中充当某个句子成分。 关系词的分类和基本用法
本部分的内容比较复杂，为便于考生一目了然，我们试图用表格的形式呈现给考生。
当关系代词作介词宾语，且该介词不是和从句的谓语动词构成固定短语时，介词可以提前，这样就出现“介词+关系代词”。先行词指物，用“介词+which/whose”,指人则用 “介词+whom/whose”, 且两个 定语从句一般紧接被它所修饰的先行词；但有时候它和先行词之间有可能插入其他成分，使它与先行词分隔开来，这种定语从句叫作被分隔的定语从句，在阅读文章时会经常遇到这种情况，在阅读
▲定语从句与习惯句型 用一个恰当的词完成下列句子，使之完整与正确。 ①It is the first time _____ she has been in Shanghai． ②It was the time _____ Chinese people had a hard life． 解析：这里①小题是一个习惯句型，其结构为：It is／was the first／second ．．．time ＋that从句。故①填that，其意为：这是她第一次在上海。②小题the time是先行词，其后是表示时间的定语从句，故填when。 ▲定语从句与简单句 用一个恰当的词完成下列句子，使之完整与正确。 ①The mother told the lazy boy to work，_____ didn't help． ②The mother told the lazy boy to work．_____ didn't help． 解析：含有定语从句的复合句与两个单句的主要区别在于：前者有主句，有从句，必须有关系词；而后者则是两个单独的句子，不需要任何关联词。①小题两个句子用逗号连接且没有并列连词，显然应是主从句关系，因此需用关系词which，前面整个句子作先行词；②小题则填It，代替前面的整个句子。解题时，注意标点符号的运用。
外研版英语【初中英语】定语从句专题练习
外研版英语【初中英语】定语从句专题练习 一、定语从句 1．They want to develop a kind of dog-friendly food _________ will help dog owners cool down their pets. A．who B．what C．which D．whether 【答案】C 【解析】 考查定语从句的引导词。句意“他们想研制一种对狗有好处的狗粮，这种狗粮会帮助狗的主人安定他们的宠物。”先行词food指物，排除who；what不能引导定语从句；which指物。故选C。 2．Paul’s uncle is the man taught us Chinese last year. A．where B．which C．who 【答案】C 【解析】 试题分析：句意：保罗的叔叔是那个去年教我们中文的人。本题考查定语从句的用法，根据先行词是人，可知关系词用who。故选C。 考点：考查定语从句的关系词。 3．A Wechat（微信）is an invention ________can help people talk to friends，share photos，ideas and feelings freely . A．which B．who C．/ 【答案】A 【解析】 试题分析：句意：微信是能帮助人们和朋友自由交谈，分享照片，想法，感情的一种发明。定语从句用来充当句中定语的成分，被修饰的名词叫先行词，连接主从句的是关系词。关系词分：1关系代词：who , whom , whose , which , that。2关系副词：where,when why 等。一般的who 用于指代人的先行词，which 用来指代物的先行词，that既可指认又可指物。根据先行词是物，引导词做主语不能省略，故选A。 考点：考查定语从句的用法。 4．一Please tell me something about Yang Liwei. 一He is a great astronaut of all the Chinese are proud A．that B．whose C．who D．whom 【答案】D 【解析】 句意：——请告诉我关于杨利伟的事情。——他是一个所有中国人都为他感到自豪的宇航员。be proud of为---感到自豪；这是一个定语从句，介词of后面应用宾格，故选D
定语从句讲解总结
定语从句讲解总结 Prepared on 24 November 2020
定语从句讲解 一．定语从句 1.注意英汉差异：汉语的定语无论多长都放在被修饰词的前面，而英语中的定语则不然，是一个词时，放在被修饰词的前面， 如：①.a beautiful girl ②.a lovely boy 是两个以上的词组、短语或从句则放在被修饰词的后面， 如：③.She is the girl in red. 她就是穿红衣的女孩。 ④.The lady carried a bag full of money. 那位女士背了个装满钱的包。 ⑤.He is the man who you are looking for. 她就是你在找的人。 2.分清主句与从句，看究竟哪个句子缺少成分。 如上面第5：主句：He is the man 从句：who you are looking for 在从句中，looking for 的宾语是the man.因此选用关系代词 who(whom)放置于句首，便是定语从句。 3.从句中做宾语的关系代词可以省略，故第5题可以写成： He is the man you are looking for. 二．定语从句（从句部分） 1、功能：相当于形容词，修饰名词或代词，在句中作定语 2、位置：定语从句置于被修饰词之后 Those who are willing to attend the party, sign here please. 3、先行词：被定语从句修饰的词称为先行词 （1）先行词一般是名词和不定代词， 如:some-, any-, every-和no与-boy, -thing的合成词；或all、none、any、some、that、those等代词。 数词也可以作先行词，人称代词也同样可作先行词。 （2）先行词与关系词是等量关系。必须注意两点： ①先行词在从句中作主语时，从句谓语动词的数由先行词而定。 This is the place which is worth visiting. ②关系词在从句句子中充当了成分，其意思就是先行词的意义，所以在从句中不能重复其意。 There are many places we can visit（them）in China. 4、关系词：引导定语从句的都称关系词 关系代词：which, that, who, whom, whose, as。 关系副词：when, where, why。that偶尔也作关系副词。 5、确定关系词的步骤 （1）先找关系词，看先行词指的是什么。 （2）看关系词在从句中所充当的成分。 一．关系代词which的用法 1.English is a language.
外研版英语中考英语定语从句
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高中英语语法讲义——定语从句
高中英语语法讲义-----定语从句 概念 1,定语：修饰限定人或物的成分。a cute girl , the pen on the desk . The boy sitting here is my student. The book bought yesterday is popular. 2,定语从句：修饰限定人或物的句子. The boy who is sitting here is my student. The book which was bought yesterday is popular 3,先行词：被定语从句修饰的人或物—the boy / the book. *注意词组---the old man under the tree(指人) 4，关系词：代替先行词引导定语从句的词（关系代词和关系副词）---who / which. I, who am 48, teach you English. 5,限定性定语从句：从句紧跟在先行词后译为一句话。 6,非限定性定语从句：主句从句逗号分开，译为两句话。既可对某个先行词也可对整个主句进行补充说明 （不用that）。 You have been admitted to a top university , which has made your parents excited. 限定性定语从句： 在从句中所做成分关系词 先行词指人：1，主语who/ that 2, 宾语whom/ who/ that/--- 3, 定语（某人的）+ n whose I have a friend. 1, He works in Wuhan.-----I have a friend who / that works in Wuhan. 2, I love him -----I have a friend ( whom/ who/ that ) I love. 3,His name is Ray.----I have a friend whose name is Ray. *当做介词宾语且和介词一起引导从句时：介词+ whom（人）/which （物）+从句。不能省略！ The girl is Lily. You talked with her.---The girl (whom/who/that) you talked with is Lily. ---The girl with whom you talked is Lily. 在从句中所做成分关系词 先行词指物1，主语which/ that 2, 宾语which / that / --- 3, 定语（某物的）+ n whose * whose + n = the+ n of which / of which the +n . 4，状语时间when =介词+ which 地点where= 介词+ which * 从句完整 the reason why = for which I have a flat . 1, It lies on the 5th floor.---I have a flat which / that lies on the 5th floor. 2, I bought it in 2006.----I have a flat (which / that) I bought in 2006. 3, Its door faces to the south.---I have a flat whose door(the door of which/ of which the door ) faces to the south. 4,We’ve lived in it for about 11 years---I have a flat (which / that)we’ve lived in for about 11 years. / in which we’ve lived for about 11years. / where we’ve lived for about 11 years.(we’ve lived为SVi完整) I’ll remember the day __when__ we had a good time together.(从句完整)
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定语从句在写作中的运用--教师
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定语从句在写作中的运用 根据所掌握的定语从句的知识，熟练地使用定语从句也是高考英语写作的一项基本要求。定语从句属于较为复杂的语法结构,根据内容要点在短文中适当地运用定语从句有助于提高写作的得分。 Ⅰ．合并句子 把下面各题中的句子合并为一个含有定语从句的主从复合句 1．a．Ｓeeing thｅse ｃhanｇes，we ｃａnｎot ｆorgeｔthem． b. Tｈey gavｅuｓｕnseｌｆish ｈelp when ｗｅwere in trouｂle． Seｅing thｅse ｃhａngeｓ, ｗe caｎｎot forｇeｔthoｓe whｏgavｅｕｓuｎselｆish ｈelｐｗｈｅn we wｅｒe in trｏuble. 2.a. I fｅel greatlｙhonｏred tｏhoｓｔthｅcoｎtest. b. The conteｓt iｓｓpｏｎsored by ｔhe Stｕdenｔs' Union. Ｉｆｅeｌgreatｌy hoｎoｒｅd to hｏｓt thｅcｏntｅst, whｉcｈis ｓponsｏreｄby thｅSｔuｄentｓ' Ｕnion. ３．a.Ｔheyｓent ｔhe eldｅrｌy somｅｆrｕｉts,cｌｅaｎｅd thｅr ｏomｓａｎd ｈad a gooｄchat wiｔh tｈem. ｂ.Thｅｅｌdeｒｌｙalｗayｓfeel lonｅlｙ. Ｔｈeyｓeｎｔthe ｅlderｌy ｗho aｌwａys fｅeｌlonｅly sｏmｅfｒ ｕitｓ，ｃleanｅd thｅroｏmsａnd had a gooｄｃhaｔｗith ｔheｍ. ４.ａ．The liｂｒary is nｏｔｆaｒｆｒｏm herｅ. b.Thｅwｒiter ｏften doｅs soｍe ｒeaｄｉng theｒe. Ｔhe ｌibｒarｙwhｅre the writｅr oｆｔen does someｒeａding is no ｔfar from here. 5.ａ．I’ve aｌｗaｙs lｏｎged fｏr ｔｈｅdays. b. I will ｂe ａｂle ｔｏbeｉndｅpendｅｎt then. Ｉ've ａlｗaｙs longed for tｈe ｄays when I wilｌbe ａbｌｅtｏbe iｎｄｅｐenｄent． II. 改写句子 “I ｓｅｅmany ruｎninｇcreａturｅs. Thｅｙare made oｆmｅtａl a ｎｄgｌａss．Their feｅt ａre ｒound. Ｔhey ｈavｅfouｒeｙｅs. Two of the four eyes are rｅｄ．InsiｄｅI ｓｅe soft sｈａｐes. Thｅy cａn mo ｖe.” I seｅmａny ruｎninｇcｒeatｕres ｗｈich ／that are made ｏf mｅtal and gｌａss. Thｅir feet aｒe ｒｏund and they hａve foｕr eyes, tｗｏo ｆwhｉch are reｄ．Inside I ｓee soft ｓｈaｐeｓthat cａｎmove．Our cｌass is a big ｆａmily ;Iｔconsistｓｏf 1２girｌs aｎd 50 boys. Moｓｔof tｈemａrｅmａinｌy from tｈe countryｓiｄe．Zhao Ｑｉang iｓａkｉnd－hｅａrted boy. Heｉs ａlｗayｓrｅadｙtoｈelp otheｒｓ. He is s
高一英语定语从句讲解精华版完整版
高一英语定语从句讲解 精华版 HUA system office room 【HUA16H-TTMS2A-HUAS8Q8-HUAH1688】
定语从句 一、基本概念：定语： 定语从句： Do you know the man who spoke at the meeting just now That is the house where he lived ten years ago. 引导词：关系词 关系代词有：that, who, whom, whose, which; 在从句中充当： 关系副词有：when, where, why. 在从句充当： 先行词： 定语从句中引关系词的作用： 二、关系词的用法： （一）关系代词的用法： 1． He is the man lives next door. The train has just left is for Shenzhen. 2． The man ________ we have just seen is a famous writer. Where is the book ___________I bought last week
（二）关系副词的用法： 1． I still remember the time ________I first became a college student. Do you know the date __________Lincoln was born (三) 使用关系副词应注意下列几点： 1．这三个关系副词在意义上都相当于一定的介词+which结构： when = on (in, at, during…) + which; where = in (at, on…) + which; why = for which. 如： I was in Beijing on the day when (=on which) he arrived. The office where (=in which) he works is on the third floor. This is the chief reason why (=for which) we did it. 2．当先行词是表时间的time, day等和表地点的place, house等时，一定要注意分析从句的结构，如果缺少主语或宾语时，关系词应该用which或that, 缺少时间状语或地点状语时，才能用when或where，试比较： I’ll never forget the day _________ my hometown was liberated. I’ll never forget the days____________we spent together last summer. His father works in a factory____________radio parts are made. His father works in a factory______________makes radio parts.