伴随状语的用法

伴随状语的用法

WITH作伴随状语,或说明造成某一局面的原因.至于是用现在分词,还是过去分词得看与主句主句的关系是被动或主动. Fg:

with time passing by随着时间的流逝He sat on the chair with his eyes closed.他坐在椅子上,眼睛闭着.

总结一下：

with的复合结构可以分以下几种:

一. w ith + 名词 + 形容词.表处于一种状态.

He often sleeps with windows open.他经常开着窗户睡觉.

二.with +名词 + 副词. There is a temple with no table in.

三.with +名词 + 介词短语.

The teacher came into the classroom with a book under his arm.

四.with + 名词 + 现在分词.这种结构表动作的主动和进行态.

The old woman left the her house with water running all the time.

五.with + 名词 + 过去分词,这种结构表被动和完成.

The thief was taken to the police station with his hands tied to his back. 六.with + 名词 + 不定式,这种结构表动作的将来式.

The mamager has been busy these days with a lot of work to do .

伴随状语是指状语从句的动作伴随主句发生，它的特点是：它所表达的动作或状态是伴随着句子谓语动词的动作而发生或存在的。

例如：

①He sat in the armchair，reading a newspaper. 他坐在扶手椅里读报。

②All night long he lay awake，thinking of the problem. 他整夜躺在床上睡不着，思考着那个问题。

伴随状语的判断

The dog entered the room, following his master.一般在分词短语（现在分词表主动过去表被动）前有逗号的是伴随状语。

伴随状语出现的条件

由一个主语发出两个动作或同一个主语处于两种状态，或同一个主语发出一个动作时又伴随有某一种状态。

伴随状语的逻辑主语

一般情况下必须是全句的主语，伴随状语与谓语动词所表示的动作或状态是同时发生的。

伴随状语可以有以下几种表示方法：

一、使用分词形式The dog entered the room, following his master(这条狗跟着主人进了屋)。The master entered the room, followed by his dog(主人进了屋，后面跟着他的狗)。

二、用with 复合结构The little girls were playing with snow with their hands frozen red(小女孩们在玩雪，手都冻红了)。The workers went out of work, talking and laughing all the way(工人们下班了，一路有说有笑)。

三、用独立主格结构Last year I came here by climbing over the wall, sword in hand. The little boy goes to school, the little dog accompanying him every day(这小孩每天去上学，那条小狗陪伴着他)。

{独立主格结构的讲析

一、概念：有时一个名词/代词+ 一个其他结构,在句中作状语，相当于一个状语从句或并列句，人们通常称这种结构为独立主格或独立结构。

二、独立主格的结构：

n/pron + doing River rising, they had to left for safety.

to do Much work to do, they had to work for extra hours.

done All the work done, they went for lunch.

adj. He entered the room, his nose red with cold.

adv. He was lying in bed, light on.

Prepositional phrase He walked in, cane in hand.

在这种结构中，n/pron.在逻辑上是后一部分的主语，后一部分相当于谓语或表语。这种结构在句子中只能作状语，

三、独立主格在句中通常充当以下状语成分：

1、伴随状语（方式状语）：相当于一个并列句。

He was watching TV, his mouth half open.

He fell to the ground, blood coming down his nose.

The policeman entered the dark room,gun in hand.

The old man sat down,his face pale with pain.

2、时间状语：相当于一个时间状语从句。

Meeting over, everyone tried to do something for the project.

Spring coming, the flowers are coming out.

The problem settled, everyone was filled with joy.

3、原因状语：相当于一个原因状语从句。

John (being) away, Tom had to do the work on his own.

It being dark, they had to walk with the torches on.

There being no bus, they had no choice but to take a taxi.

4、条件状语：相当于一个条件状语从句。

Weather permitting, we’ll have a picnic this Sunday.

Enough time given, we’ll do the job better.

注：有时可以在独立主格前面加上介词with,构成with +复合宾语结构。

如：With the problem settled, the computer restarted.

With the old man leading, we had no difficulty finding the old Red Army man’s house.

You should not speak to others with your mouth full of food.

He left the bathroom,with the water running.

He rushed out with a knife in his hand. 此句可改写为He rushed out ,a knife in his

hand.或He rushed out, knife in hand.

但是,“with + 复合宾语”结构也可以用作定语。

如：Soon they found themselves walking in a valley with high mountains aroud it. He lives in a village with a railway behind it.

Harry Potter is a boy with a scar on his forehead.}

四、用形容词

Crusoe went home, full of fear(克鲁索满怀恐惧地回家)。

Confident of the victory the players are fighting hard(运动员们对比赛夺胜满怀信心奋力拼搏)。

The match will be broadcast live(这场比赛将作实况转播)。

He left home young and came back old(他少小离家老大回)。

五、用名词

He went away a beggar but retuned a millionaire(他讨吃要饭离家，腰缠万贯回归)。

He who had been twice prime minister of the country, died civilian(他曾两度出任这个国家的总理，而死的时候却是一个平民)。

六、用介词短语

The girl came back to her mother in tears.(这女孩眼泪汪汪地回到母亲身边)。

How can you go to the wedding party in rags(你怎能衣衫褴褛地去参加婚宴)？

I went home out of breath(我上气不接下气地回家)。

with 复合结构做伴随状语：

由“with ＋宾语＋宾补”构成的复合结构，在句中可作状语，表示伴随。这一结构中的宾语补足语可由现在分词、过去分词、形容词、副词或介词短语等来充当。

例如：

1．With production up by 60％，the company has had another excellent year．产量增涨了60％，公司又是一个盈利年。

2．He soon fell asleep with the candle still burning．蜡烛还亮着，他很快就睡着了。

3．She sat there alone with her eyes filled with tears．

他独自一人坐在那儿，眼里充满了泪水。

独立主格结构做伴随状语：

独立主格结构是由一个名词或代词（作为该短语结构的逻辑主语），加上一个分词、形容词、副词、动词不定式或介词短语（作为该短语结构的逻辑谓语）构成。该从属结构主要起状语作用，相当于一个状语从句。故独立主格结构也可做伴随状语。

例如：1．Mr.．Smith flew to New York this morning，his assistant to join him there this Saturday．今天早上史密斯先生坐飞机去了美国，他的秘书星期六和他在那儿见面。2．He was lying on the grass，his hands crossed under his head．他躺在草地上，头枕双手。3．He stood on the deck，pipe in mouth．他站在甲板上，嘴里叼着烟斗。

分词短语做伴随状语：

现在分词短语和过去分词短语都可以做伴随状语，现在分词短语表示与主句的主语在逻辑上有主谓关系，即表主动意义；而过去分词短语则表示与主句的主语在逻辑上是动宾关系，即被动意义。

例如：1．“Can't you read？”Mary said angrily pointing to the notice．玛丽生气地指着通知说：“难道你不识字吗？” 2．He sent me an e-mail hoping to get further information．他给我发了一封电子邮件，希望得到更多信息。3．He hurried to the hall，followed by two guards．他匆忙进了大厅，后面跟着两个警卫。

形容词短语做伴随状语：

形容词短语做伴随状语时，通常表状态。

例如：

1．Full of apologies，the manager approached us．经理向我们走来，嘴里不停地说着抱歉的话。

2．He was too excited，unable to say a word．

他太激动了，一句话也说不出来。

3．He stared at the footprint，full of fear．他盯着脚印，满心恐惧。

单个形容词做伴随状语：

单个形容词做伴随状语也表示状态，不表动作。

例如：1．He sat there，silent．他一声不响地坐在那儿。

2．Breathless，she rushed in throughthe back door．穿过后门，他气喘吁吁地冲了进来。

3．He went to bed，coldand hungry．他又冷又饿地上床睡觉了

其实分词做伴随状语就是分词做方式状语的一种，伴随是一种方式。大多情况下其实方式状语从句都等于伴随状语从句。只有在just) as…so…结构中位于句首，这时as 从句带有比喻的含义，意思是"正如…"，"就像"，多用于正式文体

伴随状语的特点是：

它所表达的动作或状态是伴随着句子谓语动词的动作而发生或存在的

1）现在分词与过去分词作状语的区别。现在分词做状语与过去分词做状语的最主要区别在于两者与所修饰的主语的主动与被动关系的区别。

2）现在分词作状语时，现在分词的动作就是句子主语的动作，它们之间的关系是主动关系。

3 ）过去分词作状语时，过去分词表示的动作是句子主语承受的动作，它们之间的关系是被动关系。

比如The teacher came in the classroom with handing a book in his hand. with handing 就是个例子过去分词，现在分词都可以做伴随状语,即在某件事情发生的时候相伴发生的事情。（这个句子老师进入了教室，他是拿

着本书进入教室的，在他进入教室的时候他的手中有一本书（相伴）知道意思了吧。）

做题的时候要注意区分什么时候使用过去分词和什么时候使用现在分词做伴随状语。

一般的无非又几种情况：

过去分词表示一种完成了的或者是被动意义的动作分词作状语（关键找逻辑主语）

a)放在句首的分词往往看作时间状语

1 以及原因状语

2 1. Looking (when I looked) at the picture, I couldn't help missing my middle school days. 2.Seriously injured, Allen was rushed to the hospital. =As he was seriously injured, Allen was rushed to the hospital.

b)放在句中或句末常常看作为伴随状态(并列句) The girl was left alone in the room，weeping（crying ）bitterly. (但注意特殊：Generally/frankly speaking... / taken as a whole(总的来讲）不考虑逻辑主语，看作为独立成分) C.difference between "being done"&"done"

1）being done---->"又被动，又进行”

2）done------->“又被动，又完成”

1），2）均可作原因状语从句，而且更倾向于“done”，因为简单eg.(being) deeply moved, she couldn't help crying. 但作条件(a)，伴随状语只能用(b)2），不能用1）eg.(a)Once seen, it can't be forgotten./If asked so many questions, Mary's face will turn red. (b)she watched all the gifts ,greatly amazed.(=she watched all the gifts, and was greatly amazed 在一般句中：v1,and v2/ v1,v2,and v3)

结论：当发现所要填非谓语为被动时，能用"done"就用"done"(除了有先后顺序(用(having done/having been done)，详见D) D.having

done1)/having been done2)作状语时，分词的动作先于谓语动词

eg.1)Having handed in the paper, he left the room.(分词逻辑主语与主语相同，用having done) 2)Having been given a map, we found our way easily.(分词逻辑主语与主语不同，是别人给的，用having been done)

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在复合句中，由从句表示的状语叫做状语从句。它可以用来修饰主语中的动词.形容词.副词等。根据它表达的意思，状语从句可以分为时间状语从句，地点状语从句，条件状语从句，比较状语从句，目的状语从句，结果状语从句和让步状语从句等。由连接词if或unless引导的状语从句叫做条件状语从句。在英文中，条件是指某一件事情实现之后（状语从句中的动作），其它事情（主句中的动作）才能发生，通常译作“假如”。（注意：在含有条件状语从句的复合句中，表示将来时态，主句是一般将来时态，从句要用一般现在时[主将从现原则]) [编辑本段] 条件状语从句的有关知识 语法引导条件状语从句最常用的连词是if,由if引导的条件状语从句表示在某种条件下某事很可能发生。如: If you ask him, he will help you.如果你请他帮忙,他会帮你的。 If you fail in the exam, you will let him down.如果你考试不及格,你会让他失望的。 另外,if从句还表示不可实现的条件或根本不可能存在的条件,也就是一种虚拟的条件或假设,从句多用一般过去时或过去完成时。如: If I were you, I would invite him to the party.如果我是你,我会邀请他参加聚会。 I would have arrived much earlier if I had not been caught in the traffic.如果没有堵车,我会到的早一点儿。 那么,除了if之外,是否还有其他连词也可以引导条件状语从句呢?回答是肯定的,不仅有,还有很多。这些词由于出现的频率较小,且用法较复杂一些,所以不如if为大家所熟知罢了。下面就这些词的用法以例句的形式进行一下简单总结。 1、unless conj.除非,若不,除非在……的时候 You will fail to arrive there in time unless you start earlier.如果你不早点动身,你就不能及时赶到那儿。 Unless it rains, the game will be played.除非下雨,比赛将照常进行。 2、on condition(that)...在……条件下,如果on condition (that)...引导的条件从句是主句事件发生的前提条件或唯一条件。 I can tell you the truth on condition that you promise to keep a secret.我可以告诉你真相,条件是你答应保守秘密。 You can go swimming on condition (that) you don't go too far from the river bank.你只有在不远离河岸的条件下才可以下水游泳。 3、supposing conj.如果,假如supposing引导的条件从句表示一种假设条件。 Supposing it rains, shall we continue the sports meeting?倘若下雨,我们的运动会还要继续举行吗?

完整版英语状语用法精讲

高考考点英语状语用法 概叙(一)修饰动词、形容词、副词等的句子成分叫状语,定义：英语中它附加在谓语中心,（adverbial)。状语是谓语里的另一个附加成 分范围和程否定,肯定,对象,,处所语的前面,从情状,时间,,方式,条 件度等方面对谓语中心进行修饰或限制。条件、方向、状语说明地点、时间、原因、目的、结果、状语的功用：程度、方式和伴随状 况等。状语按其修饰的功能不同可分为九大类——时间状状语的分类：语，地点状语，条件状语，原因状语，目的状语，结果状语，让步状语，比较状语和方式（伴随）状语。状语一般由副词、介词短语、分词和分词短语、不定式状语的构成：或相当于副词的词或短语来 担当。状语一般放在句末，但也可放在句首或句中。如果一个状语的位置：多.),那就应当注意它们的语序中心语前面有好几个状语(多层状语其语序也比多层状语的状语个数一般比多层定语的定语个数要 少些,副词是一种用其中副词的位置较为灵活,层定语的语序要灵活 一些.方式等程度,地点副词或全句的词,,说明时间,,形容词来修饰 动词, 请看下面例句：概念。 副词一般在句子中做状语．1.He speaks English very well. 1 不定式在句子中可以作目的状语。2. I come specially to see you. 介词短语3.My parents often tell us about their bitter life in the past.

从句作状语4.When she was 12 years old, she began to live in Dalian. 分词作状语5.。bad temperleft home in a his Having had a quarrel with wife, he ) (现在分词过Seen from a distance , the farmhouse looked deserted . () 去分词状语在句子中有两种位另外要注意英语一般状语和句首状语 的区别，另一种;谓语中心之前,这是状语的一般位置置:一种是在主语之后,句首状语这种状语可称,是放在主语的前面的,这是状语的特殊位置。（二）详细讲解）状语从句的分类及其连接词的选择（1状语从句指句子用作状语时，起:）状语从句（Adverbial Clause 它可状语从句主要用来修饰主句或主句的谓语，副词作用的句子。以修饰谓语、非谓语动词、定语、状语或整个句子。根据其作用可分为九大类，分别表示时间、地点、原因、目的、结果、条件、让引导，也可以由)(步、比较和方式。状语从句一般由连词从属连词 2 位于句尾从句位于句首或句中时通常用逗号与主句隔开，词组引起。时可以不用逗号隔开。状语的位置比较灵活，可以位于句首、句末用作状语修饰形容词和副词时必须后置。或句中。enough一般情况下，时间和条件状语从句的谓语: 状语从句的时态特点动词一般用“一般现在时”表示“一般将来时”，用“现在完成时”表示“将来完成时”。As soon as I have finished this work, I will go home.

伴随状语的用法

伴随状语的用法 WITH作伴随状语,或说明造成某一局面的原因.至于是用现在分词,还是过去分词得看与主句主句的关系是被动或主动. Fg: with time passing by随着时间的流逝He sat on the chair with his eyes closed.他坐在椅子上,眼睛闭着. 总结一下： with的复合结构可以分以下几种: 一. w ith + 名词 + 形容词.表处于一种状态. He often sleeps with windows open.他经常开着窗户睡觉. 二.with +名词 + 副词. There is a temple with no table in. 三.with +名词 + 介词短语. The teacher came into the classroom with a book under his arm. 四.with + 名词 + 现在分词.这种结构表动作的主动和进行态. The old woman left the her house with water running all the time. 五.with + 名词 + 过去分词,这种结构表被动和完成. The thief was taken to the police station with his hands tied to his back. 六.with + 名词 + 不定式,这种结构表动作的将来式. The mamager has been busy these days with a lot of work to do . 伴随状语是指状语从句的动作伴随主句发生，它的特点是：它所表达的动作或状态是伴随着句子谓语动词的动作而发生或存在的。 例如： ①He sat in the armchair，reading a newspaper. 他坐在扶手椅里读报。 ②All night long he lay awake，thinking of the problem. 他整夜躺在床上睡不着，思考着那个问题。 伴随状语的判断 The dog entered the room, following his master.一般在分词短语（现在分词表主动过去表被动）前有逗号的是伴随状语。

状语从句讲解及习题附答案

（一）状语从句概述 定义状语从句用作状语，是起副词作用的句子。 位置状语从句可以放在主句之前，也可以放在主句之后，时间、条件、原因和让步状语从句放在句首时需要用 逗号和主句隔开。 分类根据其作用可以分为时间、地点、原因、条件、目的、让步、方式和比较等状语从句。 作用它可以修饰谓语、非谓语动词、定语、状语和整个句子。 （二）状语从句详解 1. 时间状语从句 引导词用法示例 when 意为“当…的时候”。When 引导从句的谓语动词可以 是延续性动词，也可以是 瞬间动词。并且when有 时表示“就在那时”A liar is not believed when he speaks the truth.说谎者讲真话时也没有人相信。When he arrives, I’ll call you. When you laugh and smile, your body relaxes. while 意为“在…的时候，在…的 同时”。While引导从句的 谓语动词必须是延续性While I was standing at the window, I saw several boys running along the street.

的，发生时间较长，并强调主句和从句的动作同时发生（或者相对应）。While 有时还可以表示对比。While John was watching TV, his wife was cooking. as 意为“一边…一边…”。As 引导的动作是延续性的， 发生时间较短，一般用于 主句和从句动作同时发 生；as也可以强调一前一 后。The writer was angry as he was travelling on a train to London because someone had invaded his “space”. He smiled as he stood up. after 意为“在…之后”。表示主句 动作发生在从句动作之 后。主句与从句的动作时 间关系与before引导的从 句相反。With many hungry visitors waiting, don’t stay too long at your table after you have finished. If an early exit is necessary, you can leave after a scene is over. before 意为“在…之前”。引导的从 句不用否定形式的谓语， 并且当before引导的从句 位于主句之后，有时译成 “就，才”。当主句用将来时，You can’t watch TV before you finish your homework. Before it ended, the theatre was almost empty. My father had left for Canada

现在分词作状语的分类(伴随、让步、条件、时间等等)资料讲解

谓语动词: 有提示词, 句子缺谓语(与主语构成主谓结构) I. I _______ (tell) by my classmates about that. 2. My mother often __________ (stop) me from watching TV. 时态语态变化, 及主谓一致 非谓语动词(主动---doing , 被动---done, 目的/结果/将要to do ,) 1. We must also consider the reaction of the person __________ (receive) the gift. 2. My pupils, Tom__________ (include), liked her. 1. He entered, ________ (hold) a book in his hand. 2. He entered the room and _______ (hold) a book in his hand. 3. I politely refused her invitation and _____ (walk) away. 4. I politely refused her invitation, ______ (walk) away. 两个动词是同时发生的时候 主语+ 谓语1 + and / but + 谓语2 主语+ 谓语，+非谓语 1. When he _______ (come) in, I was reading a book. 2. Unless I ________ (invite), I won’t attend he party. 3. When _____ (hear) the news, I was excited. 4. Unless ____ (invite), I won’t attend he party. --- When / if / unless / /After/Before 等连词后没有主语+非谓语（--- ing /---ed ) , 主句---When / if / unless / /After /Before等连词+ 主语+ 谓语，主句 1. A boy ________( call ) Jack came here today 2. A boy who ________( call ) Jack came here today 3. We enjoy the movie _________ (direct) by a world famous artist. 4. We enjoy the movie which_________ (direct) by the world famous artist. 名词后没关系词时+ 非谓语, 非谓语动词修饰前面的名词做定语 名词后有关系词时+谓语，做定语从句中的谓语 1.“You can’t catch me!” Jan et shouted, _______ (run) away. 2.He said thanks and ____ (smile) a row of teeth. 3.When first ___________ (introduce) to the market, these products enjoyed great success. 4.When he_______( arrive ) at the corner , he met his friend. 5.________ ( sleep ) late, he turned off the alarm clock. 6.Don’t use words, expressions, or phrases _______(know) only to people with specific knowledge. [例1] I got on the bus and found a seat near the back, and then I noticed a man 18 (sit) at the front. （2011广东卷） [例2] He spit it out, __37___(say) it was awful. （2010广东卷） [例3]The fact that so many people still smoke in public places _______ that we may need a nationwide campaign to raise awareness of the risks of smoking. A. suggest B. suggests C. suggested D. suggesting turn

状语从句的讲解最全的状语从句讲解复习进程

状语从句的讲解 就是用一句话作状语分为：时间，地点，方式，原因，结果，条件，让步，目的，比较 一、时间状语从句 第一次见到你 一见到你我就喜欢上了你 直到见到你 五岁时见到你 When, as, while, before, after, since, till/until, as soon as no sooner…than…scarcely…when…hardly…when…the minute the second the instant the moment by the time 截止immediately instantly directly each time every time next time the first time on doing sth when while 当…时 as 1. when 1）当…时/ 延续性动词短暂性动词都可用 2）这时/ 3）届时、到时 I was watching TV when my cellphone suddenly rang这时 When I was five years old I could speak five languages The wet weather will continue tommorow when a cold front is expected to arrive届时到时 注意：时间状语从句中动作发生有前后时先发生的用过去完成时 When my mother came back I had already gone to bed. 2. while 1）从句动词延续性 2）同时发生 3）对比的意味“然而” 4）趁着 He taught himself while he worked in a bank 延续性动词当他在银行上班时 While we were working they were having a rest.对比 While they were having a discussion , they got very confused.同时 I want the girls to experience that while they are young趁着她们还年轻我想让姑娘们体验一下对比：I prefer black tea, while he likes coffee 3.As 1)当…时 2）一边...一边 3)随着 As the children walked along the street, they sang happily.当孩子们 He sang as he danced一边一边 You will grow wiser as you grow older随着 4.before 1）在…前 2）前加一段时间直到…才… 3)还没来得及 4)要过…时间才 I’ll be back before you leave It may be many years before we meet again 可能要过很多年我们才能见面

状语从句讲解和练习

状语从句 状语从句修饰主句/主句的谓语。一般有九大类：表示时间、地点、原因、目的、结果、条件、让步、比较和方式等。 时间状语从句 1. 用when引导：when表示“当……时候”。如： Things were different when I was a child. 我小时候情况与现在不同。 People breathe more slowly when they are asleep. 人睡觉时呼吸比较缓慢。 2. 用while引导：while表示“当……时候”。如： We must strike while the iron is hot. 我们要趁热打铁。 I went swimming while the others played tennis. 我去游泳，其余的人都打网球去了。 注意：while 所引导的时间状语从句中谓语动词必须是持续性的，不能是短暂性的。 3. 用as引导：as表示“当……时候”“随着”。如： He dropped the glass as he stood up. 他站起来时，把杯子摔了。 We get wiser as we get old. 随着年岁的增长，我们也变得聪明些了。 4. 用before引导：before表示“在……之前”。如： Turn off the lights before you go to bed. 睡觉前要关灯。 Before he went to university he was a worker. 上大学之前他是工人。 5. 用after引导：after表示“在……之后”。如： I will tell you after they leave. 他们走我再告诉你。 After you finish the letter show it to me．信写完后给我看看。 6. 用until / till引导：until / till表示“直到……”。如： He waited until she was about to leave. 他等着一直到她准备离开。 I watched him until he disappeared in the distance. 我瞧着他直到他在远处消失。 这类句型的主句动词通常只能是延续性动词，不能是终止性动词。但是，在否定句中，主句动词可以是终止性动词，此时构成not…ntil [till]…句式，意为“直到……才……”。如：

现在分词短语作伴随状语

其实分词做伴随状语就是分词做方式状语的一种，伴随是一种方式。大多情况下其实方式状语从句都等于伴随状语从句。只有在just) as…so…结构中位于句首，这时as从句带有比喻的含义，意思是"正如…"，"就像"，多用于正式文体 分词短语作伴随状语 伴随状语的特点是：它所表达的动作或状态是伴随着句子谓语动词的动作而发生或存在的 1）现在分词与过去分词作状语的区别。 现在分词做状语与过去分词做状语的最主要区别在于两者与所修饰的主语的主动与被动关系的区别。 1）现在分词作状语时，现在分词的动作就是句子主语的动作，它们之间的关系是主动关系。 ）过去分词作状语时，过去分词表示的动作是句子主语承受的动作，它们之间的关系是被动关系。 比如 The teacher came in the classroom with handing a book in his hand. with handing就是个例子 过去分词，现在分词都可以做伴随状语,即在某件事情发生的时候相伴发生的事情这个句子老师进入了教室，他是拿着本书进入教室的，在他进入教室的时候他的手中有一本书（相伴）知道意思了吧。 做题的时候要注意区分什么时候使用过去分词和什么时候使用现在分词做伴随状语。一般的无非又几种情况： 1，过去分词表示一种完成了的或者是被动意义的动作 分词作状语（关键找逻辑主语） a)放在句首的分词往往看作时间状语1以及原因状语2 1. Looking (when I looked) at the picture, I couldn't help missing my middle school days. 2.Seriously injured, Allen was rushed to the hospital. =As he was seriously injured, Allen was rushed to the hospital. b)放在句中或句末常常看作为伴随状态(并列句) The girl was left alone in the room，weeping（crying ）bitterly. (但注意特殊：Generally/frankly speaking... / taken as a whole(总的来讲）不考虑逻辑主语，看作为独立成分)

第 二十五讲 状语从句的翻译

状语从句的翻译 状语从句内容丰富，涉及面广，可以用来表示时间、原因、条件、让步、目的、结果、等意义。英语状语从句的翻译，一般比较容易处理，通常可以直接翻译。但是这里我们所要讨论的是，在汉语译文中，要如何将状语从句置于恰当的位置，并如何将其与主句之间自然连贯地连接起来，如何按汉语的习惯表达将句子类型进行相应的变化。由于两种语言表达上的不同，在状语从句的安排方面，存在着明显的差异，所以在翻译的时候也需要根据汉语习惯来灵活翻译。 一、时间状语从句 在英语中，时间状语从句的连接词常常有：when（当...的时候），whenever（每当...），as（当...时），since（自从...），until（直到...，如果不....），till（直到...），before（在...前），after（在...后），assoonas（一...就），once（一旦...），themoment（一...就），immediately（一...就），theday（在...那天），nosooner... than（一...就），hardly(scarcely)... when（一...就），theinstant（一...就），instantly（一...就），directly （一...就），theminute（一...就），thesecond（一...就），everytime（每当...），bythetime （等到....的时候）等。翻译的时候，一般翻译在主句的前面。 （一）译成相应的时间状语 Whileshespoke, thetearswererunningdown. 她说话时，泪水直流。 Ashefinishedthespeech, theaudienceburstintoapplause. 他结束讲话的时候，听众掌声雷动。 （二）译成“一（刚、每）...就”的结构 Directlyheutteredthesewordstherewasadeadsilence. 他刚说出这些话，大家就沉默下来。 （三）译成条件句 由于时间状语的引导词除了显示时间关系之外，有时候可以表示条件关系， 所以还可以翻译为条件句。 Turnofftheswitchwhenanythinggoeswrongwiththemachine. 如果机器发生故障，就把电门关上。 Abodyatrestwillnotmovetillaforceisexertedonit. 若无外力的作用，静止的物体不会移动。

状语的定义及用法

状语的功用：状语说明地点、时间、原因、目的、结果、条件、方向、程度、方式和伴随状况等。 状语一般由副词、介词短语、分词和分词短语、不定式或相当于副词的词或短语来担当。其位置一般放在句末，但也可放在句首或句中。 副词是一种用来修饰动词,形容词,副词或全句的词,说明时间,地点,程度,方式等概念。 1.副词一般在句子中做状语． He speaks English very well. 他英语说得非常好.中的very是程度副词，用来修饰well。very well是修饰speak的程度状语。 2. 不定式在句子中可以作目的状语。 I come specially to see you.我专门来看你. 3.介词短语 Ten years ago, She began to live in Dalian. The boy was praised for his bravery. 4.从句作状语 When she was 12 years old, she began to live in Dalian. If I am not busy tomorrow, I will play football with you. 5.分词作状语 Having had a quarrel with his wife, he left home in a bad temper。 Inhibited in one direction, it now seems that the Mississippi is about to take another. 状语与定语相同的地方是,都是前者附加成分;不同的地方是,它是谓语里的附加成分,而定语是主语或宾语里的附加成分.从句子的层次上看,状语是在第二个层次和第三个层次里的成分,有时甚至是更低层次的成分. 经常充当状语的有形容词,副词,时间处所名词,能愿动词,指示代词,以及方位短语,介词短语,动宾短语,谓词性联合短语,谓词性偏正短语,谓词性主谓短语等. 如果一个中心语前面有好几个状语(多层状语),那就应当注意它们的语序.多层状语的状语个数一般比多层定语的定语个数要少些,其语序也比多层定语的语序要灵活一些. 多层状语的一般语序: a.表时间的名词或方位短语,介词短语; b.副词. c.表处所的介词短语或名词,方位短语; d.表情态的形容词或谓词短语; e.表对象的介词短语. 其中副词的位置较为灵活,也可放置在第三项之后. 状语在句子中有两种位置:一种是在主语之后,谓语中心之前,如上文所举各例,这是状语的一般位置;另一种是放在主语的前面的,这是状语的特殊位置,这种状语可称"句首状语".

伴随状语定义

定义 定义:伴随状语是指状语从句的动作伴随主句发生，它的特点是：它所表达的动作或状态是伴随着句子谓语动词的动作而发生或存在的。 例如： ①He sat in the armchair，reading a newspaper. 他坐在扶手椅里读报。 ②All night long he lay awake，thinking of the problem. 他整夜躺在床上睡不着，思考着那个问题。 伴随状语出现的条件 是由一个主语发出两个动作或同一个主语处于两种状态，或同一个主语发出一个动作时又伴随有某一种状态。伴随状语的逻辑主语一般情况下必须是全句的主语，伴随状语与谓语动词所表示的动作或状态是同时发生的。 伴随状语几种表示方法 一、使用分词形式 The dog entered the room, following his master(这条狗跟着主人进了屋)。 The master entered the room,followed by his dog(主人进了屋，后面跟着他的狗)。 二、用with复合结构 The little girls were playing with snow with their hands frozen red(小女孩们在玩雪，手都冻红了)。 三、用独立主格结构 The little boy goes to school, the little dog accompanying him every day(这小孩每天去上学，那条小狗陪伴着他)。 四、用形容词 Crusoe went home, full of fear(克鲁索满怀恐惧地回家)。 The match will be broadcast live(这场比赛将作实况转播)。 He left home young and came back old(他少小离家老大回)。 五、用名词 He went away a beggar but returned a millionaire(他讨吃要饭离家，腰缠万贯回归)。。 六、用介词短语 The girl came back to her mother in tears.(这女孩眼泪汪汪地回到母亲身边)。 How can you go to the wedding party in rags(你怎能衣衫褴褛地去参加婚宴)？ I went home out of breath(我上气不接下气地回家)。 伴随状语的判断 The dog entered the room, following his master.一般在分词短语（现在分词表主动过去表被动）前有逗号的是伴随状语。 让步状语从句

完整版原因结果目的状语从句讲解和练习答案

原因状语从句 (1) 原因状语从句通常由because, si nee, as,for 引导。 (2) because表示直接原因，语气最强。because引导的原因状语从句多放在主句之后。回答由why提出的问 题，只能用because。此外，because和so不能同用在一个句子里。 例如：--- Why aren' t going there? ------- Because I don ' t want to. since弓I导原因状语从句，相当于now that，意思是因为....... ，既然.... ,鉴于...... ”。 例如：Si nee the rain has stopped , let ' s go for a walk.既然雨停了，我们出去散散步吧。 as和since语气较弱，一般用来表示明显的原因。由as和since引导的原因状语从居多放在句首。 例女口 : As he has no car, he can ' t get there easily. Since we have no money, we can ' t buy it. (4)for表示所说的理由是一种补充说明，for引导的从句一般不放在句子的开头。如： I decided to stop and have lun ch, for I was feeli ng quite hun gry. 小试牛刀：I was late for class yesterday there was someth ing wrong with my bike. He took off his coat he felt hot. (1) 结果状语从句由so…that, such …that, so that引导。 (2) so…that语such...that可以互换。在由so...that引导的结果状语从句中，so是副词，与形容词连用。其结 构是：…'“ +形容词(副词)+ that + 从句”。 例如：He was so glad that he couldn ' t say a word. Mother lives so far away that we hardly ever (几乎不，从来不) see her. 在由such…that引导的结果状语从句中，such是形容词，它修饰的可以是单数或复数可数名词，也可以是不 可数名词；其结构是：...'such +a / an + 形容词+名词+ that + 从句”。 例如：It was such a hot day that n obody wan ted to do anything. He had such long arms that he could almost touch the ceili ng. (天花板) 有时上述两种结构是可以互换的。 例如：It was such a won derful film that all of us wan ted to see it aga in. =The film was so won derful that all of us wan ted to see it aga in. ⑶如果名词前由many, much, little, few 等词修饰时，只能用so,不用such。 例如：Soon there were so many deer that they ate up all the wild roses. He has so little time that he can ' t go to the cinema with you. (4)如果主从句的主语相同，并且从句是否定的形式，可以用too...to...句型转化。 例如：He was so excited that he could n't go to sleep that ni ght. = He was too excited to go to sleep. (5)如果主从句的主语相同，但从句是肯定的形式，可以用adj.+ en ough替换。 例如：He is so old that he could go to school. = He is old en ough to go to school. 他够大了，可以去上学。