【小站教育】小站内部雅思写作教材

雅思写作教材

?雅思写作必须为AcademicWriting，但是何为AcademicWriting，且看下面两段文字：

E.g.:livinginbigcityisagoodchoice,becauseourchildrencouldgetbettereducation. Forexample,plentyofprimaryschoolsarelocatedinbigcity,so localcitizenscouldsend theirchildrenthere.Secondly,therearealotoftheatersinbigcitysowecouldenjoyfilms intheweekend. Thetwomeritsinbigcitiesasbetterservicejointlycontributetomakeurbanizationapriority. Firstofall,sufficienteducationalinstitutionsandfundshaveguaranteedthat higherlevelofeducationcouldbeacquiredinlargecity.Additionally,urbancitizenscanappreciate amorecolorfullifethanruralcitizens.Thecityprovides aplentyofplacesfor entertainmentwhilerurallifemayabitdull andtasteless.

第二段文字是典型的AcademicWriting，仅供参考。

?雅思写作必备基础常识。首先从类型角度说五类小作文，四类大作文；从字数角度说是至少150+250=400字；从写作时间角度说是理论上20+40=60mins；从技术处理角度说建议先写大作文再写小作文。

?官方给出每篇作文的分数是根据四个评分标准来的，小作文分别是：TA/CC/LR/GRA，大作文分别是：TR/CC/LR/GRA。两者结合白话一点说就是：题意理解/连贯衔接/词汇运用/语法准确。分别来看：

7分作文：

?写作内容涵盖写作任务的要求

?（学术类）清晰地呈现关于主要趋势、区别或不同阶段的概述

?（培训类）清晰地呈现写作目的，行文语气一致且恰当

?能就主要内容/要点进行清晰的呈现与强调，但未能更为充分地展开

?符合逻辑地组织信息及观点；清晰的行文推进贯穿全文

?恰当地使用一系列衔接手段，尽管有时使用不足或过多

?使用足够的词汇，体现一定灵活性及准确性

?使用不常见词汇，对语体及搭配有一定认识

?在选择用词、拼写及/或构词方面可能偶尔出现错误

?运用各种复杂的语法结构

?多数句子准确无误

?对语法及标点符号掌握较好，但有时出现少许错误

6分作文：根据写作任

务要求作文

?（学术类）选择恰当的信息进行概述

?（培训类）写作目的基本清晰；行文语气有时未能保持前后一致

?呈现并充分地强调了主要内容/要点，但有时含有不相关、不恰当或不准确的细节信息

?连贯地组织信息及观点，总体来说，能清晰地推进行文发展

?有效地使用衔接手段，但句内及/或句间的衔接有时有误或过于机械

?有时无法保持一贯清晰或恰当地使用指代

?使用足够的词汇开展写作任务

?试图使用不常用词汇，但有时使用不准确

?在拼写及/或构词方面有错误，但不影响交流

?综合使用简单句式与复杂句式

?在语法及标点符号方面有一些错误，但这些错误很少影响交流

5分作文：

?基本上能就写作任务作文，但某些地方写作格式有时存在不当之处

?（学术类）机械地描述细节，缺乏清晰的概述；有时未能提供数据支持所描述的内容；?（培训类）信函有时能体现特定的写作目的，但有时目的不清晰；行文语气变化不定，且有时不得体；

?呈现但不能充分地涵盖主要内容/要点；有时出现着重表述细节的倾向

?有一定组织性地呈现信息，但总体来说有时缺乏清晰的总体行文推进

?衔接手段不足、不准确或过度使用

?由于指代和替换不足显得行文重复

?使用词汇范围有限，但能达到进行写作任务的最低限度

?在拼写及/或构词方面可能出现明显的错误，且可能会对读者造成一定的阅读困难

?雅思Academic Writing需要掌握的语法知识：

词汇：

小作文：数据对比和趋势描述词汇掌握，

大作文：动词的多样化/ 名词的准确性/ 形容词副词修饰恰当/ 介词短语精确使用句型：

简单句的精准表达。

并列句的并列恰当。复合句的使用，以此避免简单句的啰嗦，使主从句思想分明的基

础上，结构更加紧凑。

分词结构的点缀使用，当然要根据自己写作分数的要求做句型的合理安排。

集萃正餐：写作细节描述

WritingTaskOne

?GeneralStatement

评分标准：TA：task achievement

CC：coherenceandcohesion LR：

LexicalResources GRA：

GrammaticRangeandAccuracy

?作文开头简单明了：一般现在时，对题目进行概述，包括4要素：what，when，where，how

?作文正文描述到位：时态同图表时态一致，一般为过去时。对图表信息进行分析比较?作文结尾干脆利落：在信息均表述完整前提下，结尾段可以省略。时态为一般现在时?LineChart 一般为同一坐标轴多根曲线交错，首先对单根曲线进行描述，通过拐点将其分割成若干阶段进行描述，然后对曲线之间数据进行对比。

基本用词：3变化1平缓，4个基本点

1变化：上升

Itrises/increases /climbsup/......

Sharply/dramatically/gradually/slightly/......from ...in ...to...in...

2变化：下降

Itfalls/decreases/drops/......

Sharply/dramatically/gradually/slightly/......from ...in ...to...in...

3变化：波动

Itremainedunsteady/ fluctuatingwithan......overtheperiodfrom ......to......

1平缓

Itremainedstablebetween......and......

4个基本点：起点、最高点、最低点、终点

Itstarted/haditsstartingpoint at......in......,

Itreachedthehighestpoint/peakedat......in.......;

Itreachedthelowestpoint at......in....../tothefoot/atthebottomin...... andthengaveitsfinishingpoint at......in.......

如果在表述数字无法精确取读时，可以使用模糊词汇在数字面前，可以更加体现出写作时的学术严谨性，模糊词汇：around/ about/almost/nearly/approximately......

Ascanbeseenfromlinechart,itillustratesupwardtrends towardthegrayingarmyinthree countries:Japan,SwedenandUSA.

Generalspeaking,twowesterncountries increasedsteadilyover aforty-yearperiod whereas thenumberofJapaneseelders bottomedout inthesameperiod.Afterthat thefigureforJapan rocketedintothesky,peaking at approximately27%in2040.TheagedintheUS,however, declinedslightly from15%in1980to14%in2020andthen continuedtorise,reachingthe

highestpointatroughly24%in2040.Similarly,afteritsfirstdrop over10years,theproportion

ofpeopleaged65fluctuatedwithanoverallupwardtrend andit ranked thesecondplace(in

the neighborhood of 25%)inthefuture.

To concluded,thenumberoftheagedineasterncountryislessthanthefigureinbothUSand Swedenatthepresenttime.Nevertheless,intermsoftheexpectedpercentagesinthefuture, thereis a dramaticincrease from2020to2040and clearly outnumber itscounterpartsatlast.

?PieChart 饼图单独出现的几率比较小，只要抓住百分比和每一部分之间的比较，然后要分析百分比数据，饼中每个部分之间的关系就可以了。

对于两个以上的piechart，一定要注意饼和饼之间是否有联系，这个也是总体与部分，部分与部分的变体。

对于混合出现的题目，可当做是单一的piechart来叙述，同时注意关联内容。

基本用词：比例排序、占比例、比较、倍数

比例排序：

Aisthemost......among......;

thennextis......with......,

followedby ......,making up…;

andfinallycome......, ......and......at......,......and......respectively.

占比例：

Itprovides/makesup/occupies/takeup/......XX%of......

比较：

不变

Compared with......,thepercentageof......between......and ......In

relationto......,theproportionof......at......

略高/略低

ThepercentageofBisslightlymarginallymore/larger......thanthatof A.

倍数

A是B的N倍，A比大N－1 倍

AisNtimesasmuchasB

AisN-1timeslargerthanB

Accordingtothe datagiveninthefirstpicture,theproportionof theunemployed accountedfor

one-fourthsofthewholegroupin1932.Ofthosewhohadajobthe largestpercentage(45%) workedintheindustrialsector,followedby thoseintheservicessector(15%)andinagriculture andfishing(12%).Asthesmallestproportion amongfoursections,governmentalemployees provided only3%in1932.

Thesecondpictureindicates,by1992therehavebeen greatchanges intheinternalstructureof theworkforcedistribution.Theunemploymentrate declined significantly duringthesixtyyears: dropping from25%in1932to10%in1992.Furthermore, therelativesizeofdifferent occupationalsectorshadchangeddramatically. Theindustrialsector decreasedto one-thirdsof thatin1932(from45%to15%),ranking thesecondamongthewholesectors.Similarly, A&Fhad reducedtheleast overthesameperiod.Ontheotherhand,therewereupwardstrend from bothservice andgovernmentsector,from15%to52%andfrom3%to15%,respectively.

Toconcluded,some work distributionsectorsincreased whereas othersdecreased.

?BarChart

柱状图通常提供信息量较大，也是考生比较难处理的题目。但是和table 相比，柱状图由于数字形象具体的特点，数字之间的对比是比较明显的。大部分情况下，柱状图是横比和纵比的混合形式，因为它既有单个数据的变化趋势，又有多个数据之间的相互比较。

如果是强调单个数据的变化趋势，那所用词汇和表达方式接近于Line Chart；如果强调多个数据之间的相互比较，那所用词汇和表达方式接近于Pie Chart

Thebarchartreveals theamountofmoneyexpendedonfastsfoodaccordingtothreedifferent incomegroups.Generallyspeaking,expenditureonhamburgersandpizza rosenoticeably with theincreaseinsalary while thefigureoffishandchips fluctuated amongthreelevelsofincome. Asthemostpopularfastfoodinthehighandaverageincomegroups,

Hamburgers accountsforroughly40%and34%respectively.Fishandchips,ontheother hand,

ranked thefirstplace inthelowincome(17 %).Pizzais theleastpopular forthosewithaverage and low

income (10% and 9% respectively),it still outrun fish and chips and became the

secondarychoice inwealthygroup.

Thelinechartoutlines thegeneralpatternoffastfoodconsumptionovertheperiodfrom1970 to1990.Itisexplicitthat theconsumption ofhamburgers showedgreaterincreaseinrelationto thefigureinpizza.Thefigureofhamburgersin1990was fivetimesasmany as thatin1970.Fish andchips,however,declinedsharply from300gtojustover200gduringthe20years.Anditis alsointerestingtonotethat in1982theconsumption ofhamburgers outnumbered thefigureof fishand chips.Moreover,pizza also showedmoreamounts consumed after1988.

In conclusion,it appearsthat the high income group expenditurehas positiverelationship betweenthetotalconsumptionoffastfoods.

?Table 表格的数字信息是所有题目中最多的，所以不能够也做不到逐一数字扫描，关键在于对数字的归纳，挑出重点数据：最高最低，最大最小等，可以参照piechart的写作顺序安排方法。表格看似很容易，容易忽略内部联系，甚至有时候要做简单的四则运算来寻找潜在联系。写作的时候还是要注意数据之间的横向对比的，词汇短语运用参照之前横比图

Ascanbeseenfromtable,itillustratesexplicitly the fundamental figuresaboutunderground systeminsixcountries, London,Paris,Tokyo,WashingtonD.C.,KyotoandLosAngeles. Accordingtothedatafromthecolumn,London firstly completeditsundergroundworkand begantooperatein1836.Itwasnotuntil20thcenturythat Parisestablisheditssubway and thenfollowedby Tokyo,WashingtonD.C.,andKyoto.Moreover,itis LosAngeles that managed tobeequippedwiththenewsubwayin2001.

Intermsof thelengthofroute,Londonpossessedthe longest route(394kilometers)whichis twotimesaslargeas Paris’s system(199kilometers).Kyoto,bycontrast,hasonly11kilometers ofroutelength.Although undergroundrailwayofTokyoranks thirdinsize, itscarryingcapacityis highest amongsixcities.Itcarries1927millionpeopleperyear,whichismorethanthesumof

passengersinLondon(775million)andParis(1191 million).Kyoto isthe lowest carryingcapacity whichis45millionpassengers dueto itslimitedsize.

Toconcluded,thereisapositiverelationship betweentheageofsubways andtheirlengths.The oldestandlargestundergroundrailwaysystembelongstoLondon whereas Tokyo’s subwayhas thehighestdensity ofpassengersamongsixcountries.

?FlowChart 流程图写作主要注意三点：被动语态，细节描述，

顺序罗列根据流程的特点一般会按照时间顺序或者空间顺序的叙

述方法。基本用词：顺序、衔接

Introduction:Ascanbeseenfromflowchart, itdisplaysexplicitly.......

Body：Inthefirststage…

Nextisthesecondstageinwhic h…

Afterthat/andthe n…

Finallyinstagefou r…

Conclusion:From notonlywhatwasdemonstrated/displayed/......inthepicturebutalso

whathasbeenmentionedearlierinthepassage,itcan be seenobviouslytha t…

Ascanbeseenfromflowchart,itillustrateshow wateriscollectedinacontainer. Accordingtothefiguregiveninthe picture,thefirststep ofobtainingwateroutdoorsistofinda holewithgreenplantsonthebottom.Nextisthesecond stepinwhich movingthegreenplants onthemiddleofthebottomandthenputacontainerthere.Afterthat,covertheholewitha plasticsheetandplacetwostonesonbothendsofitinordertosecureitsposition.Finallyin

stagefour athirdstoneislaidonthemiddleoftheplasticsheetsothatthemiddlepartisalso thelowestpart. When thesunshinesonthegreenplantsinthehole,waterevaporatesfromtheseplants.The vaporrisesup andthen coolsdowntoformwaterdropsontheplasticsheet.Providedthat enoughwaterisbuiltup,itflowsalong thesheet toaccumulateonthelowestpart.Finally,water fallsdownintothecontainerdirectlyunderthemiddlestone. Fromnotonlywhatwasdemonstratedinthepicturebutalsowhathasbeenmentioned early

in the passage, it can be seen very clearly that water is collected successfully through evaporationfromgreenplants.

WritingTaskTwo

?GeneralStatement

评分标准：TR：taskresponse

CC：coherenceandcohesion

LR：LexicalResources

GRA：GrammaticRangeandAccuracy

题目类型：议论文、辩论文

?Three-part-model议论文基本结构

Introduction（开头段）Sen1：

Introducingthetopic

?......isanimportanttopicwhichiswidelydiscussednotonlybythepeopleinChinabutalso by foreigncitizens.

Sen2-3：Narrowingthetopic

?Peopleinfavor of......thinktheoptimisticnotionthat......

?Otherpeople/Thecritics,however,holdnotionthat...... Sen4：

Pointingout theArgument

?I share theidea withtheformer/lattersideduetoseveralreasons.

?Personally,I sympathizewith......

?Beforegiving my viewpoint,themeritanddemerit/strengthsandweaknesses of......should be ?presentfirst/I wouldliketoexplorebothsidesof......first. Body

（主体段）

TopicSentence

?firstofall,weshould......totheidea that......

?Fromparents'perspective/ financialaspects,......

?ontheotherhand,themainweakness thatmustbegivenconsiderationtoisthat......Idea

1(supportingEvidence)-Idea 2(supportingEvidence)-Idea3(supportingEvidence)

?since......, for instance, ......,

?Thereinnodenyingthat/convictingargumentscan bemadethat......

?inthefirstplace,......

?inthesecondplace,lastly,......

?Clearly,......

?Itisclear ......that...

Conclusion（结尾段）

Sen1：Emphasis/Conclusion

?Inconclusion......，Iassert that......

?Basedonalltheargumentsofferedabove,Iconcedethat......Sen2：

Generalsummary

?Since its meritsoutweighitsdemerits.

?Despitethat......,I maintain......

Sen3：Wideningthetopic

?it is high time that we should ......and ......such an unpleasant ...... situation /

phenomenon......

?文章结构及对应模板：

观点支持型：

开头：

第一句话：inthispresentdayandage/incontemporarysociety, …hasplayedanincreasingly importantroleinourdailylife/hasbeentheconcernof thepublic.

第二句话：Butinthemeantime,whether …(辩论话题)hassparkedmuchdebate. 第三句话：somepeopleclaimthat …(一方观点)whileothersholdtheoppositeopinion that …（另一方

观点）.

第四句话：Asfar asI amconcerned,I aminfavor of theformer/latterone.

主体段:

Convincingargumentscan bemadethat …(填写本段的总观点，也就是比较倾向的观点).To beginwith, …（填写第一个分支观点）.Consequently, …(添加第一个分支观点支持内容). Inthesecondplace, …(填写第二个分支观点).Moreexactly,…(填写第二个分支观点的支

持内容).Finally,…(填写第三个分支观点). Inotherwords, …（填写第三个分支观点的支持内容).

让步段：

Admittedly, …(不太倾向的观点句). Thereasonforthisis that… (支持此观点的一个理由). Obviously, …(支持前一句的论据).Evenso, ….(这一观点的不足之处).Forinstance, …(举

例支持前一句观点).

结尾段：

Inconclusion,despiteof …(短语，加上自己不倾向的观点),Iwould …(填写倾向的观点). Overall,Iamconvinced that …should …(建议)

双边讨论型

开头：

第一句话：inthispresentdayandage/incontemporarysociety, …hasplayedanincreasingly importantroleinourdailylife/hasbeentheconcernof thepublic.

第二句话：Butinthemeantime,whether …(辩论话题)hassparkedmuchdebate.

第三句话：somepeopleclaimthat …(一方观点或优点)whileothersholdtheoppositeopinion

that …（另一方观点或缺点）.

第四句话：Inmyessay,Iwillexplorebothofthetwoviews/bothoftheadvantagesand disadvantagesfrom several perspectives.

主体段一：Ontheonehand, itistrue that… (本段观点).Inthefirstplace, …(填写第一个分支观点)Forexample, …（事例论证）.What’smore, …(填写第二个分支观点).Thatistosay,…(理论论证). 主体段二：Ontheotherhand, …（本段观点，与上一段相对立）Tobeginwith,…(填写第一个分支观点).Thisis mostevidentin ….(可用举例的方法).Also, ….( 填写第二个分支观点).

Therefore, …(因果论证).

结尾：Inconclusion, …(自己的观点).Aslongaswe …(建议), …（结果）

分析解决型

开头：

Inthisageofchange,thehumansocietyisprogressingrapidlyonvariousfronts.Yetatthesame time,manyproblems havearisen,aseriousoneofwhichis ….Thisissuehasdrawnwidespread attention. Inthisessay,Iwillanalyzesomepossible causesofthis phenomenonandthenpropose somesolutions.

主体段一：Itisobviousthatthecausesof …arediverse.Inthefirstplace, …For instance…inthesecondplace, …specifically… thirdly…it seems that…

主体段二：Accordingly,thesolutions tothisissueshouldalso bevaried.First, …for example, …then, …indeed, …aboveall, …researchhasproved that…

结尾：Toconclude,several factorscontribute to…I amconvinced thatweshouldtakemeasures including …, …and …tosolvethis distributingproblem.

400-080-6358 https://www.sodocs.net/doc/168885652.html,

雅思写作科技篇

科技 SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 在这部分，你的任务是： 一，背诵话题词汇短语 二，为题目列出英文提纲 基础词汇短语 advanced science 尖端科学 scientific invention 科学发明 exert a far-reaching impact on…对…产生一种深远的影响 double-edged sword 双刃剑 earth-shaking changes 翻天覆地的改变 pay the way for the future development 为未来的发展铺平道路 lay a solid foundation for…为…打下良好的基础 energy crisis 能源危机 depletion of resources 能源消耗 milestone 里程碑 sophisticated equipment 尖端设备 technical innovation 科技创新 expediency 权宜之计 antithetical 与…背道而驰的 over-commercialized 过渡商业化的 a heated discussion 热烈的讨论 exhaust gas 废气 disastrous 灾难性的 overshadow 使…相形见绌 compared to/with…与…相比 usher in 引领 speedy and comfortable 既快捷又舒适 opposite forces 负面影响 a fatal breakdown 致命故障 potential hazards 潜在危险 pose a threat to…对…有一种威胁 promote relative industries 促进相关产业发展 accelerate 加速… means of transportation 交通方式 transportation tools 交通工具 social status 社会地位 environmentally-friendly resources 环保的能源 make people's life easier 使人们生活更方便 alternative fuel 可替代燃料

最新整理托福写作教育类词汇整理

托福写作教育类词汇整理 a s s i g n m e n t,h o m e w o r k任务，家庭作业 r e q u i r e d/c o m p u l s o r y c o u r s e s,e l e c t i v e c o u r s e s 必修课程;选修课程 c h i l d r e n a n d y o u t h/a d o l e s c e n t青少年 a d a p t t o s t h./a d j u s t o n e s e l f t o s t h./ b e c o m e a c c u s t o m e d t o s t h.适应 s e g r e g a t e s t u d e n t s区分对待学生 t e a m s p i r i t团队精神 t h i n k i n d e p e n d e n t l y独立思考 s t u d e n t s’f e e d b a c k/i n p u t,学生的反馈 s t u d e n t s a p p r a i s e/e v a l u a t e t h e i r t e a c h e r s’ p e r f o r m a n c e学生对老师的评价 g e n e r a l i s t, s p e c i a l i s t, w e l l-r o u n d e d/v e r s a t i l e 通才;专才;多才多艺的人 h u m a n i t i e s,s o c i a l s c i e n c e,a r t s,s c i e n c e a n d e n g i n e e r i n g,b a s i c s c i e n c e, a p p l i e d s c i e n c e人文;社科;艺术;科技;基础科学; 应用科学

2020年雅思写作语料库：科技时代传统教育是否还有价值

2020年雅思写作语料库：科技时代传统教育是否还有 价值 考试真题(2020年9月12日)： Some people think that students at schools and universities learn far more from teachers than from other resources(the Internet or television). To what extent do you agree or disagree? 有人认为：对于其他的学习渠道，例如网络教育 或者电视教育，学生在学校和大学能够和老师学习更多，是否认同? 【类似题目】： Some people think that computers and the Internet are more important for a child's education than going to school. But others believe that schools and teachers are essential for children to learn effectively. Discuss both views and give your own opinion. 有人认为计算机和互联网对于孩子的教育比 去学校有效，有认为老师和学校对于孩子的高效学习更加重要，讨论 两种观点? 【薛鹏点评】： 如果雅思备考仅练习一篇文章，本题首选，关于网络教育和课堂 教育的比较，每年必考。练习本篇，教育类话题融会贯通。 【薛鹏感言】： 我是如何做出预测的：对20年考试题库的整理、分类、考频统计。归类考题类型、核心母题、边缘考题。无论考试如何变化，我相信热 题恒热、遗漏太久、必然回补。网络教育和课堂教育每年的考频1-2次，必然会考，意料之中。仅仅，不知你是否还信赖小鹏哥：惯性阅

雅思写作教学计划

雅思写作基础段教学大纲 课程名称：雅思写作基础段 课程周期：16小时 课程安排：2小时 / 次；共8次 教学目标： 教学安排： 第一次：雅思写作task 1整体介绍；task 1常用词汇及运用 第二次：雅思写作task 1常见图表介绍及相应的表达 第三次：雅思写作task 2整体介绍和常用词汇及运用 第四次：雅思写作task 2分类介绍与背景构建 第五次：雅思写作task 2常用表达运用及强化进阶 第六次：雅思写作task 1 和task 2 混合基础分场景共建 第七次：雅思写作task 1和task 2混合表达及词汇共建 第八次：雅思写作基础段总结及强化段铺垫与衔接 雅思写作强化段教学大纲 课程名称：雅思写作强化段 课程周期：12小时 课程安排：2小时 / 次；共6次 教学目标： 在进行了起步段和基础段之后，通过强化段的课程来帮助学生更深入地理解雅思写作考试。帮助学生解决备考中的关键性问题——思维发散。通过强化段的课程来提高学生在雅思写 作方面的应试能力。 教学安排： 第一次：雅思写作task 1图表分类强化 第二次：雅思写作task 1图表分类强化 第三次：雅思写作task 1图表分类强化 第四次：雅思写作task 2分类强化 第五次：雅思写作task 2分类强化 第六次：雅思写作task 2分类强化篇二：定制雅思教学计划 雅思阅读【总学时】 24学时 教材选用 《剑桥雅思考试全真试题4-9》外语教研社 第一阶段：第一个月（4次*2h） 教学重点：基础词汇积累&定位信息，关键词的基本能力 授课内容： 1，扩充雅思基础阅读词汇。 2，学会寻找关键词，在原文中快速定位，教授雅思阅读中常见的3种题型：1heading sentence(找标题)summary(摘要填空) ture/false/not given(是非题) 再陈述与推理及true, false, not given 题的技巧。 培养学生雅思判断题需要的逻辑思维 4，教会学生读文章的步骤，利用文章中的图片图表信息做题。 模考安排：每4次课一次单科模考和分析反馈 第二阶段：第二个月（4次*2h） 教学重点：猜词与复杂句，基本题型的操练 授课内容：1，词根，词缀，词性，利用上下文猜词的能力；十大句子关系。 学会如何判断词性，句子成分，如何判断区分有用与无用的生词。 3，快速找到复杂句的重点，根据复杂句完成简单的问题；

雅思写作基础

最高级和比较级 主语谓语最高级和比较级(宾语) than 英国在某方面花费的最多 Britain spent the most heavily on… 英国的花费高于其他国家 Britain spent more than other countries. 德国花的只比法国多 Germany only spent more than France. 主系表结构 意大利的花销只比法国多一点 Italy’s spending is only marginally greater than that of France. 英国的花费高于其他国家 British spending is considerably higher than that of other countries. 西班牙是最受欢迎的度假胜地。 Spain is the most popular holiday destination. 被动语态 女性失业率高于男性的。 More women are unemployed than men. 红色车的销量较高。 Far more red cars are sold. 英国在玩具上的花费高于其他国家 More money was spent on toys in Britain than in other countries. 女性的失业率最高 The highest percentage of women are unemployed. The unemployment rate for females is the highest. 位居中间maintain middle position 表示比较的连接词 By comparison = in contrast = by contrast: 对比来说, Compared with A = in contrast to A :和A对比来说, On the contrary = conversely: 相反 数字连接词修饰词 at \with\ reaching the figure of some\approximately\more or less\ just over\just under\ number or so The number of visitors to France and Germany reached 3million and 5million respectively 相等be equal to 主谓宾结构中常用动词 Spend Consume Consider mention cite prefer\favor\appeal to enjoy\have \own Suffer hoose 最the most 最不the least

托福写作评分标准

托福写作评分标准公司内部编号：（GOOD-TMMT-MMUT-UUPTY-UUYY-DTTI-

托福写作评分标准托福写作评分包括机器评分以及人工评分两部分: 机器评分E-rater- 语法是否正确、用词是否得当、以及单词拼写及大小写是否准确等方面, 一篇考生的文章会经过两台机器评分。 人工评分通过ETS阅卷人评分，综合写作和独立写作分别有两位阅卷人给出分数。 托福写作原始分数为0-5分，考生得分分为三个level GOOD，FAIR，LIMITED 最终成绩通过两个科目的分数取平均分，再换算为30分制的分数。 详解托福综合写作的评分细则

综合写作是托福写作板块中的其中一项。托福考试的写作部分分为综合(Integrated writing)和独立(Independent writing)两块，这两块分别独立评分，取平均值后得到最终的分数。也就是说，这两个部分各占一半权重，因此应给予相同程度的重视。关于这两部分的了解，强烈建议同学们自己去看看ETS出版的托福考试官方指南(OG)，OG里面对于考试形式和评分标准有非常详尽的介绍，有些同学在准备输出端考试(写作或者口语)的时候，居然连评分细则都不看，仅凭自己的主观臆测和对于老师讲解的依稀记忆去打造自己的文章，考不好真的不奇怪。下面，我们就来分析一下托福考试的评分细则。 综合写作的满分要求是： A response at this level successfully selects the important information from the lectu 5分：文章切题，阐说充分，文章有说服力;段落组织有序，衔接紧密，过渡自然，有很强的逻辑性;段落内句与句连接顺畅，句式使用恰当，灵活，娴熟;用词确切，得体。文章中有个别语法拼写错误，但不影响内容表达。 4分：文章切题，阐说基本充分，在某些细节上有缺陷。段落层次组织有序，衔接紧密，过渡自然，逻辑性强;句间连接顺畅，句式使用恰当，灵活;用词基本得体。文章中有少量用词不当和语法拼写错误。 3分：文章切题，阐说尚可，展开不够。段落层次组织有序，衔接紧密，过渡自然，有逻辑性;句间连接基本顺畅;有部分句法错误;用词一般，有时不得体。词性区分和拼写等有若干错误

雅思写作词句语料库(双页)

adolescent(s)/juvenile(s)/youngster(s)/youth(s) n.青少年 adolescent adj.青春期的 parenting/upbringing n.家庭教育，教养 schooling n. 学校教育 aptitude/talent (for) n.（有……的）天赋 cultivate/foster/nurture v. 培养 specialist n.专才 generalist n.（有多方面知识和经验的）通才 all-rounded/well-rounded/versatile adj.全面的，多面的，多才多艺的awareness/sense/recognition n.意识 the development of students’personality and values 学生个性和价值观的发展mould (or mold美式拼写) one’s character塑造某人的性格 mould (or mold美式拼写) sb. into sth. 把某人塑造成…… a (or the ) sense of responsibility (or duty/obligation)责任感 improve moral standard 提高道德标准

小、

，例如色情和

delete/eliminate/excise v. 删除evaluate v. 评价、评估 the evaluation on 对……的评价或评估 be ?ooded (or ?lled/awash/saturated/inundated) with... 充斥着 excessive and gratuitous violent and pornographic contents 过多的、无端的暴力与色情内容 at the expense/cost of 以……为代价 media hype 媒体炒作advertising hype 广告炒作 hype n. 炒作，大肆吹捧 v. 对 ……大肆宣传，吹捧commercial(s) n. 商业广告public service advertising 公益广告 evoke (or stimulate) impulse buying 刺激冲动性购物shopaholic(s) n. 购物狂promotion n. 促销 marketing tool 市场营销手段 induce sb. to do sth. 诱导或引诱某人做某事 target audience 目标受众sensationalise (or sensationalize 美式拼写) /exaggerate v. 耸人听闻地夸大某事，大肆渲染 over-report...to hook viewers and maximise pro ?ts 为了利益最大化，从而过度报道……来吸引公众的眼球 道德规范（尤指职业的） 良好的/较强的/无懈可击的职业道德adj. 无所不在的，普遍存在的……的流行或盛行对……有着深远的影响 揭露社会问题 监督非常详尽地报道…… 如实的描述、报道adj. 有新闻价值的，有报道价值的adj. 最新的，及时的adj. 客观公正的adj. 不客观的，有偏见的 adj. 可信的，可靠的 adj. 令人误导的，不如实报道的，曲解的adj. 虚假的adj. 欺骗性的 adj. 信息量大的，增长见闻的adj. 娱乐性的，令人愉快的 v. & n. 审查n. 审查制度 对……实施审查 v. 影响，左右 (e.g. sway sb./sb. be swayed by... 影响某人或者某人受到影响)

【小站教育】小站内部雅思写作教材

雅思写作教材 ?雅思写作必须为AcademicWriting，但是何为AcademicWriting，且看下面两段文字： E.g.:livinginbigcityisagoodchoice,becauseourchildrencouldgetbettereducation. Forexample,plentyofprimaryschoolsarelocatedinbigcity,so localcitizenscouldsend theirchildrenthere.Secondly,therearealotoftheatersinbigcitysowecouldenjoyfilms intheweekend. Thetwomeritsinbigcitiesasbetterservicejointlycontributetomakeurbanizationapriority. Firstofall,sufficienteducationalinstitutionsandfundshaveguaranteedthat higherlevelofeducationcouldbeacquiredinlargecity.Additionally,urbancitizenscanappreciate amorecolorfullifethanruralcitizens.Thecityprovides aplentyofplacesfor entertainmentwhilerurallifemayabitdull andtasteless. 第二段文字是典型的AcademicWriting，仅供参考。 ?雅思写作必备基础常识。首先从类型角度说五类小作文，四类大作文；从字数角度说是至少150+250=400字；从写作时间角度说是理论上20+40=60mins；从技术处理角度说建议先写大作文再写小作文。 ?官方给出每篇作文的分数是根据四个评分标准来的，小作文分别是：TA/CC/LR/GRA，大作文分别是：TR/CC/LR/GRA。两者结合白话一点说就是：题意理解/连贯衔接/词汇运用/语法准确。分别来看： 7分作文： ?写作内容涵盖写作任务的要求 ?（学术类）清晰地呈现关于主要趋势、区别或不同阶段的概述 ?（培训类）清晰地呈现写作目的，行文语气一致且恰当 ?能就主要内容/要点进行清晰的呈现与强调，但未能更为充分地展开 ?符合逻辑地组织信息及观点；清晰的行文推进贯穿全文 ?恰当地使用一系列衔接手段，尽管有时使用不足或过多 ?使用足够的词汇，体现一定灵活性及准确性 ?使用不常见词汇，对语体及搭配有一定认识 ?在选择用词、拼写及/或构词方面可能偶尔出现错误 ?运用各种复杂的语法结构 ?多数句子准确无误 ?对语法及标点符号掌握较好，但有时出现少许错误 6分作文：根据写作任 务要求作文 ?（学术类）选择恰当的信息进行概述 ?（培训类）写作目的基本清晰；行文语气有时未能保持前后一致 ?呈现并充分地强调了主要内容/要点，但有时含有不相关、不恰当或不准确的细节信息 ?连贯地组织信息及观点，总体来说，能清晰地推进行文发展 ?有效地使用衔接手段，但句内及/或句间的衔接有时有误或过于机械 ?有时无法保持一贯清晰或恰当地使用指代 ?使用足够的词汇开展写作任务

雅思写作36个基础句型

雅思写作36个基础句型 1 benefit from 从……当中获益 例句：Others,however,believe that boys and girls benefit more from attending mixed schools.（剑8例句） 2 invest in 对……投资 例句：The government should invest a large proportion of its budget in helping the needy, despite the economic recession. 3 promote the development of 促进……的发展 例句：Even though the city has invested millions of pounds in museums and art galleries,it has done little to promote the development of education and medical care. 4 boost efficiency/productivity 提高效率/生产力 例句:The main question about high-tech education is whether it actually boosts the efficiency and effectiveness of learning. 5 play a pivotal role in 在……中起关键作用 例句:Vitamins and minerals play a pivotal role in keeping our body heathy;therefore,children and adults alike shoud eat more vegetables that are rich in various vitamins and minerals. 6 enrich one’s social/academic/professional experience 丰富……的社会的/学术的/职业的经历 例句：Working for a period before going to university can greatly enrich students’social experience and make them more capable in university. 7 keep society safe and stable 保持社会稳定 例句：Harmony keeps society safe and stable while conflict disturbs social order. 8 have a duty/obligation to do…有责任做… 例句：In most European countries,parents have a legal obligation to ensure that their children receive proper education. 9 relax their bodies and ease their minds 让人放松身心 例句：Children not only need opportunities to acquire knowledge ,they need time to relax their bodies and their minds as well. 10 be based on 基于 例句：Discipline should be based on a positive,loving parent child relationship instead of on force and punishment. 11 generate employment opportunities 创造就业机会 例句：International tourism can generate employment opportunities.On the other hand ,it may damage the culture heritage of a nation. 12 be less time-consuming and more economical 省钱又省时间 例句：Contrary to the popular belief ,advertising makes our shopping experience neither less time-consuming nor more economical. 13 relieve one’s academic/financial/psychological burden 减轻某人的学业/经济/心理负担 例句：Part-time jobs help students to relieve their parents’financial burdens.Nevertheless,working on a part-time basis may create psychological burdens for the students themselves. 14 fulfill one’s potential 发挥某人的潜力 例句：Employees may feel they cannot fulfill their professional potential when their work is not

托福写作万能理由

万能理由 Character 能干able /capable/competent 聪明intelligent/ bright 合作cooperation/collaboration/ 坚韧不拔Firm and indomitable/persistent and dauntless/ 勤奋diligent/industrious /hardworking 独立Independence / 负责任assume the responsibility/ 宽容tolerant /lenient/ show consideration for /give every care to / 诚实Honest/ reasonable /leadership 11)put a premium['pri:mi?m] 保险费，额外费用；奖金on/ put a high value on/cherish/ treasure 珍惜重视 12)bear in mind 牢记 It is important to bear in mind that happiness comes from a person's inner feeling not the possession he/she has. 学生应该牢记每天作业会提高学习成绩。

Students should bear in mind that daily homework will help improve score. 1)Come a long way 有很大进步 Human being has come a long way from drinking and eating food to talking through cell phones. 学生在学习上通过每天写作业有很大进步。 Students come a long way in learning through finishing daily homework. 人类有巨大进步从只能在地球上的有限活动范围到能登陆月球。 Human being has come a long way from moving within a limited area on the earth to reaching the moon. 2)值得做。。。 It is worthwhile to ...it is worth doing Eg It is worthwhile to spend time in learning music and art, because they can benefit me for life time. 每天花时间做作业是值得的，因为学生因此而他养成良好的

雅思写作语料库--小组学习和自己学习

Some people believe that students should study in groups. Others think that they should study alone. What are the benefits of studying in groups and studying alone? Which way is more effective? 有人认为学生们应该小组学习，有人认为学生们应该自己学习，小组学习和自己学习利好各在哪里，你认为何种方式有效? 【思路拓展】 小组学习的利好： 1. 小组讨论，集思广益，例证展开：小组讨论数学题的解题思路，小组讨论作文的头脑风暴。 2. 有良好的学习氛围，可以帮助缺乏自律性的孩子们专注于学习，提高学习效率。 3. 有效的方式结实新朋友，锻炼人的口才，交流能力以及团队精神。 自己学习的利好： 1. 培养了自己的独立思考以及解决问题的能力，学习上不会对他人产生过度的依赖。 2. 小组学习更加容易培养人的分析性思维，理性思维和辩证思维的能力。 点评：论据支持可以学习历史和哲学，以及中学生学习国际新闻 【作者立场】

小组学习和自己学习各有优势，选择应该由个人做出，我过去常常一个人学习，虽然可以独立思考，但是未能感知小组讨论和交流的乐趣，因此，有机会，我更加渴望小组学习。 点评：主题观点是模仿雅思考官男女分校的范文 【原创语料库】 1. group study 小组学习 2. to study with a group of fellow classmates 和同龄人一起学习 拓展：a group of fellow classmates = peers 同龄人 3. focus on self-improvement 专注于自我提高 4. zero in on academic study = concentrate on learning专注学习(写作亮点) 5. a great many self-leaner 很多的自学者 6. achieve academic success 取得学习的成功 7. enhance the efficiency of learning 提高学习效率 8. face-to-face communication could …… 面对面交流可以…… 9. positive interaction w ith …… 和…… 积极的互动

学校教育与网络教育 雅思大作文

Currently there is a growing tendency for many a student who has pleasant associations with studying via internet. Others, however, live under the traditional ideas that studying at school enjoys obvious merits. This assay will analyze the boons from both side and put forward my point of view. It is commonly acknowledged that the reasons why computers and internet keep a favorable position in education are divergent. Firstly, it can be an enormously convenient way of study. Students are able to acquire what they want only by slipping the mouse. Also the information online is abundance. Consequently, study efficiency can be enhanced. What’s more, studying at home can also alleviate the pressure of congestion. Provided that fewer student are driven to school, the extent to which the traffic is heavy will be decreased.. Inevitably, on the other hand, there are others who strongly advocate that schooling enjoys many merits. Firstly, it contributes to cultivate students the cense of obeying rules. There are diverse rules in schools which help develop them good merits including respecting teachers. More broadly, teachers can arose students’ interest in terms of what they’re leaving and fosters them self-teaching capacity, therefore, they can be lifelong learners. Last but not least, adolescents are able to master some practical

托福基础写作2 教育类2 范文

1.Some teachers think it is effective for students to study in groups while others think that it is better to study alone. Discuss both views and give your own opinion. Teamwork activities have strongly been advocated by many schools, possibly because good team spirit has been regarded as one shared trait of successful enterprises. However, some people think that students should be given an environment where they study independently. These two ways of learning have their respective advantages and disadvantages and serve different purposes. One prominent advantage of group study is that it enhances students' social skills and teamwork skills. In the team environment, members need to know how to cooperate with communicate with each other. This prepares students for the workplace, where teamwork is frequently required. We are also convinced that members can share their knowledge and experience so as to improve their learning outcomes. Moreover, students can detect their knowledge gap when answering questions raised by their classmates. This benefit is not achievable for those students who study independently. Despite these benefits, group study cannot gain support teachers who emphasize students' individual achievement. Group study may induce some students to rely excessively on their peers. It is important to bear in mind that in the real world, employers opt to employ extraordinary individuals, rather than recruiting a team. In addition, group study will demotivate those students who are driven by personal achievement. In some cases, if work is not distributed fairly and members' roles are ambiguous, the group fails to achieve its objectives and shakes members' confidence in teamwork. In the discussion of the pros and cons of group study, we can come to the conclusion that it should be integrated with independent study. While improving students' social skills and helping them to acquire knowledge, group work hinders the development of independent learning habits.

30个雅思写作汉英翻译语料

30个雅思写作汉英翻译语料 1许多人相信科技的最大弊端就是它可能会带来一些难以想象的消极影响。 1 Many people believe that the biggest disadvantage of technology is that it may give rise to some unimaginative negative influences. 2计算机会使人们丧失想象和创造力这一事实使我相信其是祸而非福。 2 The fact that computers deprive people of their imagination and creativity makes me believe that they are a curse rather than a blessing. 3毫无疑问互联网的快速发展使得许多人相信它是万能良药，然而情况并非总是如此。 3 It goes without saying that the eye-catching development of the Internet makes many people believe that it is a cure-all solution. However, it is not always the case. 4无可否认博物馆可以扮演一个教育的作用，因为它给公众提供一个好的机会去研究他们国家的历史和传统。 4 It cannot be denied that museums can play an educational role for the simple reason that they provide the public with a good opportunity to study their countries’history and tradition. 5许多人没能够意识到这样一个重要的事实语言的多样性将会极大的推动文化的发展。也许这就是为什么许多语言现在正处于濒临灭绝的境地。 5 Many people fail to take into account the vital fact that the diversity of languages will enhance the cultural development and that is why so many languages are on the verge of extinction. 6没有任何的一样东西能像电视这样毁誉参半。

雅思教育类作文题目

Education题目 1. Some people think university education should prepare students for e mployment while others think it should help students acquire theoretical knowledge. Discuss both views and give your own opinion. 一些人认为大学教育应该帮助学生为就业做准备，而另一些人则认为大学教育应该帮助学生获取理论知识。讨论这两种观点并给出你自己的观点。（目的） 2. Students from rural areas often find it hard to access university educat ion. Some people think universities should make it easy for them to stud y at. To what extent do you agree or disagree. 农村地区的学生往往难以获得大学教育的机会。一些人认为大学应该让这些学生更容易适应大学学习。多大程度上你同意或者不同意这种说法。（难） 3. Students at schools and universities learn more from lessons with teac hers than from other sources （ such as the Internet or television）. To what extent do you agree or di sagree. 相比其他途径（比如网络和电视），在学校或大学的学生们会从教师的课程中学到更多东西。多大程度上你同意或者不同意这种观点。（途径） 4. Some people believe that students should take a wide range of course s.However, others believe that students should focus on the subject that they are good at or they are interested in. Discuss both views and give yo ur own opinion. 一些人认为学生应该广泛的学习各种不同的课程。可