定语从句总结

定语从句总结

定语从句在句中相当于一个形容词，起定语的作用，修饰说明名词、代词或主语的全部内容。通常在被修饰的词语（即先行词）之后，由“关系词”引导。定语从句的三种功能：1.连接功能：连接从句，引导一个定语从句

2.指代功能：指代先行词

3.语法功能：在定语从句中充当句子成分

(定语从句中的关系词分为关系代词和关系副词两种)

that which who whom whose when where why

注: 关系代词在句中充当主语、定语、宾语，因此定语从句中不能再出现关系代词所替代的名词或代词。

1.关系代词在从句中作主语时不能省略

①A plane is a machine which / that can fly . (作主语)

The dog which / that was lost has been found . (作主语)

②The number of people who / that lost homes reached 250,000 .

Here comes the girl who / that wants to see you .

2.关系代词在句中作宾语时可省略

①The noodles that / which I cooked were delicious .（作宾语）

This is the book that / which I want to read .

The letter that / which I received yesterday was from my father .

②The girl who / that we saw yesterday is Mary .

Mr Li is a man whom / who / that we should lear from .

Do you know the man whom / who / that is talking to ?

3.关系代词在从句中做定语

①The novel whose cover was broken blongs to me .

②Henery is the boy whose mother is our English teacher .

I know the person whose company produces computers .

This is the person whose story surprised everybody .

4.关系代词在句中作表语时可省略（只能用that）

She is not the girl that she was .

定语从句中关系代词与关系副词的选择

1.明确关系代词，关系副词在定语从句中的不同作用

关系代词which , that , who在定语从句中作主语或在及物动词或介词后作宾语

关系副词when , where, why在定语从句中作状语，即定语从句中不缺主语、宾语，只缺时间、地点或原因状语

2.分析句子结构，明确句法成分

关系词在从句中作宾语还是作状语，关键取决于从句中的谓语动词。如果定语从句中谓语动词是及物动词，应观察其后有无宾语。如果没宾语，则应考虑使用能充当宾语的关系代词which或that。如果句子中有宾语，就考虑关系副词when或where等

关系副词（when , where , why ）

1.When的用法（在定语从句中做时间状语）

I still remember the day when I first came to Beijing .

We will never forget the happy time when we worked on the farm .

He came at a time when (at which ) we needed help .

2.where的用法（在定语从句中做地点状语）

This is the house where we lived last year .

The factory where his father works is in the west of the city .

After living in Pairs for fifty years , he returned to the small town where he grew up as a child .

3. why的用法（在定语从句中做原因状语）

There are several reasons why we can’t do that .

He could n’t give the teacher a good reason why he was late for school .

Is this the reason why ( for which ) he refused our offer ?

The reason why ( for which ) she was ill is that she had eaten bad meat .

4. 比较

I’ll never forget the days that / which I spent with my teacher .

I’ll never forget the days when I worked with you .

It is the house that / which was built two years ago .

It is the house where / in which I was born .

The reason which / that he gave was an excuse .

The reason why he was late was the rain .

Do you know the reason why he didn’t turn up ?

只能用that的定语从句

1. 先行词为不定代词all everying nothing anything little much none时或被这些词修饰时，关系代词只用that

All that can be done has been done .

2. 当先行词被形容词的最高级修饰时，只用that

This is the most beautiful park that I have visited .

The Titanic is the most dangerous film that I’ve ever seen .

The best one that I’ll choose will be you .

3. 当先行词被序数词the first , the second , the last等修饰时，只用that

The first lesson that we have learned will never be easily forgotten .

This is the last class that we will have this term .

4.当先行词被the only , the very , the last修饰时，只用that

( some any few much no very only )

The only student that may be elected is in our class .

I have no question that will be asked .

There was little that interested him at the meeting .

This is the very book that I am looking for .

5.当先行词既指人又指物时

We often talk about the persons and things that we remember .

The characters and the animals that are in the picture are very native .

The train ran over a boy and his dog that were just crossing the railroad .

6.当主语是以who或which开头的疑问句时，为避免重复而用that

Who is the girl that is standing there ?

Who is the boy that shook hands with you just now ？

Which is the hotel that you stayed at last month ?

7.当way做先行词时，关系代词可以有三种形式①that ②in which ③×

I don’t like the way that / in which /×you speak to your mother like that .

8.先行词在句中作表语

Shanghai is no longer the city that it used to be .

定语从句练习：

1. This is the bag _____ my mother bought yesterday.

A. that

B. who

C. whom

D. this

2. The man _____ lives next to us is my English teacher.

A. whom

B. which

C. who

D. /

3. The girl _____ you saw in the street is Mary.

A. that

B. whose

C. which

D. as

4. Is this the factory _____ a lot of students visited yesterday?

A. the one

B. which

C. who

D. whom

6. The only language _____ is easy to learn is the mother tongue.

A. which

B. that

C. /

D. it

7. The girl handed everything _____ she had picked up in the street to the police.

A. which

B. in which

C. that

D. all

9. Please show me the book _____ you bought yesterday.

A. which

B. whom

C. whose

D. this

10. This is the best book _____ I have been looking for all this year.

A. who

B. whom

C. which

D. /

11. This is the only article of these that _____ written by him.

A. was

B. were

C. is

D. are

12. The man _____ was here just now is a doctor.

A. whom

B. who

C. /

D. he

13. The boy _____ has two lovely dogs.

A. who live next door

B. which lives next door

C. whom lives next door

D. that lives next door

14. Those _____ made no mistakes in today’s exercises please raise your hands.

A. which

B. whom

C. that

D. who

15. The farm _____ we stayed last week is a lovely place for a holiday.

A. when

B. where

C. that

D. at that

16. He is the most careful boy _____ I know.

A. what

B. which

C. as

D. ./

17. This is the school _____ Mr. Smith once taught.

A. in that

B. when

C. where

D. there

18. Have you visited the house _____ the famous scientist was born?

A. where

B. in that

C. that

D. which

19. The factory _____ Mr. Li used to work was closed last week.

A. when

B. where

C. that

D. which

20. Do you still remember the day _____ we first met?

A. that

B. when

C. what

D. on that

21. Octo ber 1,1949 is the day _____ we’ll never forget.

A. when

B. that

C. where

D. in which

22. October 1, 1949 was the day _____ the People’s Republic of China was founded.

A. which

B. when

C. where

D. in which

23. Is this the shop _____ sells children’s clothing?

A. which

B. where

C. in which

D. what

25. I still remember the sitting-room _____ my mother and I used to sit in the evening.

A. what

B. which

C. that

D. where

26. Have you seen the girl _____?

A. that I told

B. I told you of

C. whom I told

D. I told of

28. Finally the thief handed in everything _____ he had stolen to the police.

A. which

B. that

C. what

D. whatever

29. The lecture spoke of some writers and novels _____ were known to us all.

A. which

B. that

C. who

D. what

30. I can still remember the sitting room _____ my mother and I used to sit in the evening.

A. what

B. which

C. that

D. where

32. The only question _____ is to find our way home.

A. that mattered

B. that matters

C. which mattered

D. matter

34. The farmers used wood to build a house _____ grain can be stored.

A. with which

B. where

C. in that

D. which

1. -Do you know the man ______is talking with your father？

-Yes，he’s our headmaster.

A. he

B. who

C. which

D. whom

2. Is this the river _____I can swim？

A. which

B. in which

C. that

D. the one

3. This is the best hotel in the city _____I know.

A. where

B. which

C. that

D. it

4. Can you lend me the dictionary ______the other day？

A. that you bought

B. you bought it

C. that you bought it

D. which you bought it

5. Anyone ______with what I said may put up you hands.

A. which agrees

B. who agree

C. who agrees

D. which agree

6. My watch is not the only thing ______ is missing.

A. that

B. it

C. which who

7. The man ______coat is black is waiting at the gate

A. who’s

B. whose

C. that of which.

8. The girl ______ is reading under the tree _____my sister.

A. which；is

B. whom；was

C. who；is

D. who；was

9. I love places ______the people are really friendly.

A. that

B. which

C. where

D. who

10. The world ______ is made up of matter.

A. in that we live

B. on which we live

C. where we live in

D. we live in

Ⅱ. 用适当的关系代词that，which，who，whom填空。

1. The first thing ______you must do is to have a meal.

2. April 1st is the day _____is called April Fool’s Day in the west.

3. The family _____had lost everything in a big fire got much help from their friends.

4. The house _____we live in is very old.

5. Didn’t you see the man ______I talked with just now？

参考答案：

I. 1-5BBCAC 6-10 ABCCD

Ⅱ. 1. that 2. which / that 3. who / that 4. that / which 5. who/ whom/ that

Keys：1-5ACABA6-10BCCAD 11-15CBDDB 16-20DCABB 21-25.BBADD 26-30.BDBBD 31-34ABDB

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定语从句用法归纳完整版

定语从句用法归纳标准化管理处编码[BBX968T-XBB8968-NNJ668-MM9N]

定语从句用法归纳 篇一：定语从句的用法一、定语从句的有关概念所谓定语从句，就是在复合句中起定语作用以修饰主句中的名词或代词的从句。学习定语从句，首先要弄清两个重要概念——先行词和关系词。先行词是我们汉语中从来没有听过的一个新概念，它其实指的就是被定语从句所修饰的词。由于定语从句修饰名词或代词时，定语从句通常是后置的，所以人们就将放在定语从句前被定语从句修饰的名词或代词叫先行词。 那什么是关系词呢其实它就是用于引导定语从句的引导词。事实上，英语中的各类从句，不管性质如何，它们都需要有一个词来“引导”，正如人们给引导状语从句的词语取了个名字叫从属连词一样，人们也给引导定语从句的词语取了个名字，叫它关系词，因为它通常被放在先行词和定语从句之间起连接作用，以表明两者之间的修饰关系，同时它还在定语从句中充当一定的句子成分。二、定语从句中关系词与所修饰先行词的关系 为了更好地理解定语从句，我们还有必要研究一下关系词与先行词之间的关系。但在研究这种关系之前，我们先来看看关系词有哪些。根据关系词在定语从句中的作用，我们可以将关系词分为关系代词和关系副词两种。所谓关系代词就是指起代词作用的关系词，它们在引导定语从句的同时，还在定语从句中充当主语、宾语、宾语等，英语中比较常用的关系代词有that, which, who, whom, whose等。类似地，关系副词就是指起副词作用的关系词，它们在引导定语从句的同时，还在定语从句中充当状语等，英语中比较常用的关系副词只有三个，即when, where和why。许多初学定语从句的人弄不清关系词与先行词之间到底是什么关系。其实啊，关系词与先行词之间的关系很简单，简单得可以划一个等号。因为，关系词的含义在本质上等价于先行词，它与先行词指的就是同一个人或同一个事物。为便于理解，下面我们来看几个例子吧。I know the man who lives next door. 我认识住在隔壁的那个人。这是一个含有定语从句的复合句。句中的the man为先行词，who lives next door为修饰the man的定语从句；在定语从句中，who是关系词，它在定语从句中用作主语，从意义上说，它在

初中英语定语从句知识点总结

初中英语定语从句知识点总结 要学定语从句，得知道什么是定语。定语是用来限定、修饰名词或代词的。例如，a good book, good就是定语。那么复合句中修饰名词或代词的从句就叫做定语从句。定语从句由关系代词或关系副词引导，相当于形容词，在句中作定语。被定语从句修饰的词叫先行词，定语从句一般放在先行词的后面。引导定语从句的关联词称为关系词，关系词有关系代词和关系副词。关系代词有that, which, who, whom, whose等，绝对没有what;关系副词有where, when, why,how 等。关系词放在先行词和定语从句之间，起连接作用，同时又作定语从句的某个成分。 一、关系代词引导的定语从句 1、由who, whom, that，Whose引导的从句 这些词代替的先行词是人的名词或代词，who作主语指人，whom 作宾语指人，that既可作主语又可作宾语(作宾语可以省略)，可以指人也可以指物。Whose 用来指人或物，只用作定语。 (1) Is he the man who/that wants to see you? 他是那个想见你的男人吗?(who/that在从句中作主语) (2) He is the man whom/ that I saw yesterday. 他就是我昨天见的那个人。(whom/that在从句中作宾语) (3) The man whom you spoke to just now is our English teacher 你刚刚说话的那个男人是我们的英语老师 (4) he man whose son is a doctor is our professor. 那个儿子是医生的男人是我们的教授。