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精品文档阅读理解题分第1题 (20) Many a young person tells me he wants to be a writer. I always encourage and such people, but I also explain that there's a big difference between a writerwriting. In most cases these individuals are dreaming of wealth and fame, not the long hours at a typewriter. “You have got to want to write,”I said to them, “not want to be a writer.” The reality is that writing is a lonely, private and poor-paying affair. For every writer kissed by fortune there are thousands more whose longing is never rewarded. When I left a 20-year career in the U.S. Coast Guard to become a freelance writer, I had no prospects at all. What I did have was a friend who found for me my room in a New York apartment building. It didn't even matter that it was cold and had no bathroom. I immediately bought a used typewriter and felt like a genuine writer. and began to doubt After a year or so, however, I still hadn't got a breakmyself. It was so hard to sell a story that barely made enough to eat. But I knew I to write. I had dreamed about it for many years. I wasn't going to be one wanted of those people who died wondering. What if? I would keep putting my dream to test (even though it meant living with uncertainty and fear of failure). This is the shadow-land of hope, and anyone with a dream must learn to live there. ．阅读理解1 (4.0) 分 The passage is meant to _______ . warn young people of the hardship that a successful writer has to experience 、A advise young people to give up their idea of becoming a professional writer B、 show young people it is unrealistic for a writer to pursue wealth C、 D、encourage young people to pursue a writing career 2．阅读理解 (4.0) 分 What can be concluded from the passage? 精品文档． 精品文档 rewarding. ａｎｄ、Genuine writers often find their work interesting A

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中国石油大学（华东）构造地质学名词解释 ●地质构造：简称构造，是地壳或岩石圈各个组成部分的形态及其相互结合的方式和面貌特征的总称。 岩层：两个平行或近于平行的层面（顶、底）限制的岩性大致相同的层状岩体。 ●水平岩层：也叫水平构造，是指岩层层面保持近水平状态，即同一层面上各点海拔高度都基本相同，具这样产状的岩层。 ●层面：沉积过程中形成的小的间断面，经常发育层面构造。 ●层理：沉积岩最常见的一种原生构造，通过岩石成分、结构和颜色在剖面上的变化所显现出来一种成层构造。 ●原始倾斜：由于地形起伏而造成的岩层倾斜叫做原始倾斜。原始倾斜一般在古隆起的周围或在沉积盆地的边缘发育。 ●穿时现象：同一沉积岩层，由于所处的地理位置，物源供应与沉积环境的不同，常在横向上出现岩性变化，成为横向变化；相反，岩性相同的岩层，也可能不是同一岩层，可能是同一岩层的综合体，包括了相当长的时代，这种现象叫作穿时现象。 ●走向：面状构造与水平面的交线两端所指的方向。 ●倾向：倾斜平面上与走向线垂直的线叫倾斜线，倾斜线在水平面上的投影所指的沿平面向下倾斜的方位。 倾角：倾斜线与其在水平面上投影的夹角。 ●平行不整合（假整合，discomformity）：由两套平行的沉积岩形成的不整合。 ●角度不整合（不整合，Angular uncomformity）：年轻沉积岩层覆盖于褶皱或掀斜的早期地层之上而形成的不整合。 ●超覆不整合：由于水侵作用，在海(湖)盆地的边缘地带，使越来越新的地层直接覆于剥蚀面之上而形成的新老地层之间的接触关系。 ●非整合（nonconformity，国内也称为角度不整合）：层状沉积岩覆盖于侵入岩和深变质岩形成的剥蚀面上而形成的不整合关系。代表较深或时间较长的剥蚀期。 ●古潜山：古潜山与潜山的涵义是相同的，是指由古老的岩石组成的、被后期的沉积地层所覆盖的山。即较老地层组成的地形突起(基岩突起)出露地表，遭受风化、剥蚀，之后下降埋藏，上覆有较年轻地层沉积。 ●内力：是指同一物体内部各质点之间相互作用的力。内力又可分为固有内力和附加内力。 ●应力：应力是作用在单位面积上的内力，它表示内力的强度。 ●变形：物体受到力的作用后，其内部各点间的相对位置发生改变，称为变形。变形可以是体积的改变，也可以是形状的改变，或二者均有改变。 ●应变：物体受力后变形程度的度量，包括线应变和剪应变。 ●泊松效应：每种岩石都有自己的泊松比，一般均不超过0.5。岩石这种性质称为泊松效应，它对解释岩石的变形具有重要意义。 ●应变椭球体：在变形前的连续介质中任意划定一个圆球体，当介质发生均匀变形时，圆球体变成了椭球体，这种椭球体称为应变椭球体。 ●弹性：岩石受外力作用发生变形，当外力取消后，又完全恢复到变形前的状态，这种变形称为弹性变形，岩石的这种力学性质叫弹性。 ●塑性：当外力继续增加，变形继续增强，以致当应力超过岩石的弹性极限时，此时如将外力去掉，变形后的岩石不能完全恢复原来的形状，这种变形称为塑性变形，岩石这种力学性质叫塑性。 ●递进变形：岩石在受力条件不变的情况下，由初始形态变形为最终形态的过程，是由一系列连续发生的瞬时无限小应变的累积过程，此过程称为递进变形。 ●松弛：若保持变形不变，而应力随时间的增长逐渐减小，这种现象称为松驰。 ●蠕变：岩石在受力变形过程中，若保持应力不变，应变则随时间的增长而逐渐加大，这种现象称蠕变。蠕变是不可恢复的永久应变●构造应力场：受力岩体中的每一点都存在着一个与该点对应的瞬时应力状态，一系列瞬时的点应力状态组成的空间称为应力场。构造应力场是指地壳内某一瞬时一定范围内的应力状态。 ●劈理：是一种将岩石按一定方向分割成平行密集的薄片或薄板的次生面状构造。它发育在强烈变形轻度变质的岩石里，如褶皱的沉积岩和变质岩，具有明显的各向异性特征，发育状况往往与岩石中所含片状矿物的数量及其定向的程度有密切关系。 ●线理：是岩石中发育的一般具有透入性的线状构造。

中国石油大学华东线性代数(2013-2014-1)-A卷

2013—2014学年第一学期 《线性代数》期末试卷 （32学时） 专业班级_____________________ 姓名_____________________ 学号_____________________ 开课系室应用数学系 考试日期2014 年1月9日 注意事项：1．请在试卷正面答题，反面及附页可作草稿纸； 2．答题时请注意书写清楚，保持卷面清洁； 3．本试卷共六道大题，满分100分； 4．试卷本请勿撕开，否则作废； 5．本试卷正文共6页。

一．填空题（3分?5=15分） 1．在5阶行列式中，项4123125435a a a a a 前的符号为【 】. 2. 设3阶方阵100025013A ?? ? = ? ??? ，则1A -=【 】. 3. 设向量组1(,0,)T a c α=，2(,,0)T b c α=，3(0,,)T a b α=线性无关，则,,a b c 必满 足关系式【 】. 4. 设n 阶可逆矩阵A 的每行元素之和为常数a ，则1A -的每行元素之和为【 】. 5．设二次型2221231231213(,,)4222f x x x x x x tx x x x =++++，当t 满足【 】 时，123(,,)f x x x 为正定二次型. 二. 选择题（3分?5=15分） 1. 设3040 222207004222 D =---，则D 的第4行元素余子式之和为【 】. (A) 0; (B) 28; (C) 28-; (D) 前面选项都不对. 2. 设A 是n 阶方阵，2A =，*A 为A 的伴随矩阵，则1*-=A A 【 】. (A) 2； (B) 2n ； (C) 12-n ； (D) 前面选项都不对. 3. 已知矩阵11221130B a -?? ? = ? ?-??，且()2R B =，则a =【 】. (A) 5; (B) 1; (C) 1-; (D) 5-. 4. 设n 元齐次线性方程组0=Ax 的系数矩阵A 的秩为r ，则方程组0=Ax 有非零 解的充分必要条件是【 】. (A) r n =； (B) r n ≥； (C) r n >； (D) r n <. 5．设3阶方阵A 的特征值为1,2,3-，E 为单位矩阵，则2+A E 的迹(2)tr A E + 为【 】. (A) 7； (B) 7-； (C) 2； (D) 前面选项都不对.