广东省广州市2018届高三综合测试(一)英语试卷带答案

2018年广州市普通高中业班综合测试（一）

英语

2018.3

第I卷

第二部分阆读理解(共两节,满分40分)

第一节(共15小题;每小题2分,满分30分)

阅读下列短文,从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中,选出最佳选项。

A

It’s no secret that your personal characteristics directly affect how you interact with the world-but you might be surprised at just how deep it goes. Experts think that your personality can even affect how you exercise and influence what sports are suitable for you.

Highly Sensitive

Highly sensitive people may be more uncomfortable with group exercise classes or team sports where they feel their every move is being observed. Additionally, they may feel more upset over an ineffective or poor workout, says researcher Elaine Aron.

For such people, individual or non- competitive activities like biking, running and hiking are ideal.

Type A Personality

Type A individuals often have an “all or nothing approach” to exercise. This personality type is known for sticking closely to their plan, not to mention being super competitive. However, this can cause them to stick too closely to a fitness routine, which means they might try to push past an injury.

To get better exercise results, Type A people need to be aware that following an exercise plan too strictly may limit their progress. They should be more flexible and listen to their body, especially when they are in pain.

Type B Personality

This laid-back group may get too lazy about their exercise plan, which prevents them from seeing results. They are often less willing to devote enough time and energy to their fitness goals, especially if exercise is something that makes them anxious

Type B individuals succeed in creative and co-operative environments, so team sports and group gym classes may be perfect.

Remember, there are plenty of ways you can adapt a fitness plan to suit your needs, regardless of your characteristics. Just keep in mind what you like.

21. Why might highly sensitive people be unwilling to take part in group sports?

A. They will feel like they are being evaluated.

B. They don't like socializing with other people.

C. They don't consider themselves to be athletic.

D. They fear they'll be let down by their teammates.

22. Type A personalities can be best described as

A. committed B flexible C independent D. sensitive

23. What is the purpose of the text?

A. To help people understand what personality type they are

B. To explain how personal characteristics affect exercise habits

C. To identify the dangers of doing the wrong type of exercise

D. To describe different types of workouts that are available today

B

At first sight, Alma Deutscher, a twelve-year-old girl from England appears to be like any other typical pre-teen. She loves to skip rope, read and play with her younger sister. But this modest youngster, who composed her first musical work at age six, first short opera at age seven, and first full-length opera based on Cinderella at age ten, is anything but average. Though her parents downplay her extraordinary talent, young Alma is being described as “little Mozart” by the music world

Alma’s operatic take on the classic fairy tale, which she began writing at age eight, has a slight

twist. Her Cinderella is a musician who meets her Prince Charming through a song. “I n my Cinderella, she sings the beginning of a ballad --- but at midnight she flees. Eventually, the prince finds her after asking all the maidens of the land to sing the end of the ballad.”

The opera was first performed in Vienna, Australia on December 29, 2016, where the then eleven-year-old skillfully switched between the piano and the violin and receives enthusiastic reviews. The young genius has since performed two new piano works, once in Australia and the other in China.

While this may appear to be a lot for someone so young, Alma is not worried. She says, “Of course I have to work hard. But all children have to work hard for exams, and at least when I work hard, I work hard for something incredibly exciting, like seeing my whole opera put on stage.

Alma’s musical talent first came to light before she could even talk. Her parents recall that as an 18-month-old toddler, she was able to hum a pitch perfect version of the children’s rhyme Twinkle Twinkle Little Star.

However, Alma’s abilities only gained international attention in 2012, after a family friend posted a video online comparing her to Mozart. The family was suddenly swamped with media requested and Alma became an overnight star, dubbed “little Mozart”. This nickname makes her parents unhappy because they believe it puts added pressure on the young girl. They would instead prefer her to be called “a composer and musician”.

Alma does not want to be compared to the famous artist either, saying, “There was only one Mozart, and I prefer to be little Alma.” Regardless of what she calls herself, the twelve-year-old is changing the world of music forever!

24. What do we know about Alma Deutscher?

A. She comes from a famous musical family.

B. She has shown great musical talent from a young age.

C. She regularly performs the classical music of Mozart.

D. She has adapted some famous works of classical music.

25. How did Alma get to be widely known?

A. Through an online video

B. By performing on television

C. By putting on an opera

D. Through her parents’ promotion

26. What is Alma’s attitude towards her success?

A. She is still unsatisfied with her performance.

B. She is uncomfortable with so much pressure.

C. She is modest about her musical achievements

D. She is proud to have become a professional musician.

27. What can we infer about Alma’s parents?

A. They are very well-educated people.

B. They are protective of their daughter.

C. They have pushed Alma to take up music.

D. They have made a good life plan for Alma.

C

The belief that new technologies are causing the death of work is the idea that never goes away. Despite evidence to the contrary, we still view technological change today as being more rapid and dramatic in its consequences for work than ever before. But this is nothing new. People have always viewed the technological changes that take place during their lives as the most dramatic and dangerous that ever happened in history.

In the 1930s, the British economist(经济学家) John Maynard Keynes predicted the widespread use of electricity would produce a world where people spend most of their time doing nothing. In the United States during the 1960s, the government repeatedly investigates fears that automatic machines would permanently reduce the amount of work available. In 1988, one Australian historian claimed that at least a quarter of the workforce would be without jobs within 10 years because of computers.

Of course, none of these disasters came to pass in the United Kingdom, the United States and Australia, or anywhere else.

Yet today, we are seeing the return of these predictions, with some experts claiming the world of work is once more undergoing radical and unprecedented change. They argue that robots and other workplace technologies are causing a reduction in the total amount of work available, or are bringing a more rapid pace of substitution of machines for humans than has been seen previously.

But there is a little evidence to support such beliefs. Statistics show that the percentage of people in work, the number of hours they work, and how frequently they change jobs have remained remarkably constant over the past 20 years.

This stability should not come as a surprise. There are good reasons why we should not expect new technologies to cause the death of work. New technologies always cause job losses, but that is only part of the story. What also needs to be understood is how they increase the amount of work available.

One way this happens is through the increases in incomes that accompany the use of new technologies. With the introduction of these technologies, good and services can be produced faster, which results in higher real incomes for workers. Higher incomes then increase demand for other products and consequently more workers are needed to make them. Additionally, while new technologies are likely to substitute for some types of workers, they will also increase demand for other types of workers, especially those with higher level skills and expertise.

So, the end of work is no closer today than at any time in the past. But there is still a need to keep disproving the prediction, to reduce people's fears.

28. What is the function of the second paragraph?

A. To explain the importance of developing new technology.

B. To show how technology affected employment in the past.

C. To argue that technological dangers are becoming more serious.

D. To give historical examples of unnecessary fear about new technology.

29. How can employment statistics over the past 20 years best be described?

A. Confusing

B. Reliable

C. Stable

D. Variable

30. According to paragraph 7, why does demand for products often increase after new technology is

introduced?

A. There are more goods for people to choose from.

B. There is more demand for new skills in the economy.

C. Productivity improvements help raise workers’ salaries.

D. Higher quality goods at lower prices encourage consumption.

31. What is the author’s opinion about the introduction of new technology?

A. It does not have an effect on most people’s jobs.

B. Its benefits are usually not worth the introduction.

C. It usually leads to a significant increase in employment.

D. Its danger to peoples employment possibilities is overstated.

D

Supermarket shelves are filled with plant-based alternatives to cow milk, including soy, nut, and coconut milk. These products are popular with consumers who cannot drink cows’ milk for health reasons, as well as with those concerned about animal welfare and environmental sustainability. While the dairy-free(非乳制的) options work well with cereal or in coffee, they fail miserably when it comes to making milk-based products like cheese or yogurt. However, these shortcomings may soon be a thing of the past, thanks to a new company in California, which has figured out how to create animal-free milk in a laboratory!

Perumal Gandhi and Ryan Pandya founded the company in 2014 after becoming increasingly annoyed with the lack of cows’milk-free alternatives, particularly for cheese. For Gandhi, who stopped consuming animal products five years earlier due to environmental and animal welfare concerns, the motivation to create a better alternative stemmed from his love of cheesy pizza. Pandya was spurred into taking action after being forced to eat some “really bad” dairy-free cream cheese on his sandwich

The two MIT biomedical engineering scientists decided to join forces to create a more realistic alternative to dairy-based products. In their university lab, the pair spent nine months first isolating cow DNA then inserting it into yeast(酵母). This genetic modification enabled the yeast to produce the necessary milk proteins. The final step of the process involved mixing the proteins with some

plant nutrients and fats.

The dairy-free milk not only tastes like the real thing but is also healthier, has a longer shelf life and, most important of all, is Earth friendly. According to the company’s website, whe n compared to conventional milk production, their process uses 65% less energy, creates 84%o less greenhouse gas emissions and requires 91% less land and an amazing 98% less water! Best of all, since it contains real milk proteins, the product behaves like the cow-produced version, which means vegetarian consumers will no longer have to deal with soggy cheese on their sandwiches and pizzas.

The company plans to bring their creation to market later this year and their first product will most likely be cheese since there are already numerous good cows’milk alternatives available to consumers.

32. The underlined word "those" in paragraph 1 refers to_______.

A. alternatives

B. people

C. products

D. reasons

33. The company s founders were motivated to make the new product because of_______.

A. their deep concern for the environment

B. their worry that farm animals were poorly treated

C the over-consumption of the dairy-based products

D. the poor taste of dairy-free cheese presently available

34. What can be inferred from paragraph 4?

A. The dairy-free products cannot be stored for a long time.

B. The new products will taste better than dairy-based ones.

C. Cow farming causes considerable environmental damage.

D. The dairy-free milk will be more expensive t han cow’s milk.

35. Which of the following can be the best title for the text?

A. Healthier Cheese

B. New Milk Saves Planet

C. Fresher Milk, Better Future

D. Making Milk without Cows

第二节(共5小题;每小题2分,满分10分)

根据短文内容,从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。

Imagine that you are in a remote village somewhere with no medical clinic. 36 Once the doctors get to you, they examine you and take blood samples, but they won't be able to help you until they take the samples back to the hospital to find out what is wrong. 37 Thanks to engineer Andy Ozcan, many people may never be in this situation. He has invented an app that turns your mobile phone into a diagnostic(诊断的)tool.

Ozcan's invention is important because it is very accurate and easy to use. In many remote places, even if doctors have microscopes and other instruments to help them make diagnoses, there may still be other problems. Many doctors, for example, don’t have enough training to correctly interpret what they see. 38 With Ozcan's mobile phone app, health workers can take a special photo of a blood sample and send it to a central computer at a hospital. The computer will then automatically interpret the photo and send a diagnosis back in a few minutes.

39 His technology only requires a mobile phone and an Internet connection. As more than four billion people already have cell phones, the cost of establishing the diagnostic system is fairly low.

By inventing a medical tool that uses existing technology---mobile phones---Ozcan has developed a medical tool that is both practical and economical. Therefore, it can be effectively almost anywhere. 40

A. Another reason that Ozcan's invention is important is that it is inexpensive.

B. Even though you may only have a simple infection (感染), you might die because of the delay.

C. People are trying to reduce the cost of this new medical tool.

D. Ozcan's simple, cost-effective tool might just save millions of lives around the world.

E. This tool has become much more popular all around the world.

F. You become very sick and must wait days until a mobile medical unit arrives to help.

G. As a result, they may diagnose illnesses incorrectly.

第三部分英语知识运用(共两节,满分45分)

第一节(共20小题；每小题1.5分，满分30分)

阅读下面短文,从短文后各题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。

One of' my teammates said it best on our last day of the season: “Guys, you are my family. We are all brothers.” Our tennis team is more than just a group of individual players thrown 41 ; there is a friendship 42 by no other group with which I have been involved. We are 43 , yet connected. We have student-athletes from all four years of high school, from different parts of the city, and from different families and social 44 . Nevertheless, we are all 45 by a shared love of tennis. The tennis team 46 to me because it contains two things that I treasure most: tennis and 47 .

Ever since I was ten years old, the 48 aspect of tennis attracted me to an otherwise physical sport. My first tennis coach always used to say, “Tennis is 10% physical and 90%of mental.”

49 the mental strength to stay 50 and controlled under pressure, skills are 51 . Sometimes I feel like I have two 52 in a match: me against the person on the other side of the net, and me against the person inside my head, telling me to hit a better shot.

However, despite the 53 pressures of tennis, the brotherhood 54 by working together as a team helps spread the _ 55 of the pressure over an entire group. We 56 each other on and off the court. We do this because we have become a/an 57 away from home. I play my best tennis when I have my teams full support, 58 in the knowledge that they are always backing me 59 . I know that each one of us puts everything we have into every 60 whether we are playing or cheering.

41. A. around B. back C. forward D. together

42. A. earned B. followed C. matched D. noticed

43. A. courageous B. diverse C. motivated D. skillful

44. A. activities B. backgrounds C. responsibilities D services

45. A. disturbed B. sponsored C. trained D. united

46. A. continues B. returns C. matters D. occurs

47. A. brotherhood B. childhood C. entertainment D society

48. A. physical B. environmental C mental D. technical

49. A. According to B. Beyond C. In spite of D. Without

50. A. active B. calm C hopeful D. silent

51. A. contradictory B. difficult C. useless D powerful

52. A. opponents B. friends C. goals D. risks

53. A. unavoidable B unreasonable C. unexpected D unwelcome

54. A. allocated B. created C. imagined D. suspected

55. A. area B. control C. value D. weight

56. A. support B. fight C. recognize D. teach

57. A. audience B family C. reason D. surprise

58. A. anxious B. curious C. sensitive D. secure

59. A. enthusiastically B. differently C gradually D. intentionally

60. A. dream B. person C match D. team

第II卷

第三部分英语知识运用(共两节;满分45分)

第二节(共10小题:每小题1.5分,满分15分)

阅读下面材料,在空白处填写1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。

More than 700 years ago, a 17-year-old Italian youth followed his father and uncle on a journey to the East, dreaming about the mysteries of China. The three set 61 on a path that might have frightened even the most ambitious travellers. The young adventurer was Marco Polo.

Having a talent for languages, Marco Polo learned to speak Mongolian and Chinese. Later under the orders of Kublai Khan, he 62 (travel) far and wide across China. Along the way, he stopped 63 (record) detailed notes about the local customs, geography and values of the people, so as to report back to the Khan.

Marco Polo returned to Venice 24 years later. With 64 (count) treasures brought back from the East, he became 65 wealthy man overnight. 66 he witnessed in China aroused much interest among his countrymen. Marco polo's journey to China and the contents of his

67 (vivid) written book,The Travels of Marco Polo, which 68 (think)to be a fairy tale in Europe at the time, triggered a wave of European interest in the Orient.

Marco Polo’s story is both one about an explorers search for riches and a Westerner 69 (follow ) his dream to reach China. More than 700 years later, China, the once mysterious Oriental nation, is igniting the Chinese dream of many modern Marco Polos, attracted by its rapid 70 (develop )and its growing importance in the world.

第四部分写作(共两节,满分35分)

第一节短文改错(共10小题；每小题1分,满分10分)

假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文,请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共

有10处语言错误,每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。

增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号(^),并在其下面写出该加的词。

删除：把多余的词用斜线(\)划掉。

修改：在错的词下画一横线,并在该词下面写出修改后的词。

注意：

1.每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；

2.只允许修改10处,多者(从第11处起)不计分。

The summer job is a tradition among American university students. Long after the end of the school year, students start their summer vacation job search. They send letters to businesses, going to job interviews, and ask our friends and relatives for help. By June the students usually have been found their jobs and then they begin preparing to enter the world of works

Reasons for wanting a summer job differs from student to student. Some work help pay their school expenses, others work to gain experience in their chosen professions: still others work just for the funny of it. Salesmen or waiters are two of the much common jobs that students try to find during the summer months.

第二节书面表达(满分25分)

Dear Li Hua,

How are you doing these days? I’m having some

problems and would like to get your advice.

My parents want me to spend my summer with them this

year but I would prefer to go somewhere with my friends. I

love my parents but sometimes they are overprotective. I feel

that I am old enough and responsible enough to go away

without their supervision(监护).

Any suggestions you could give me about this issue

would be greatly appreciated.

Yours,

Alice

请给Alice回一封邮件,内容包括:

1.感谢她的信任；

2.回应她的请求；

3.说明你的理由。

注意

1.词数100左右

2.可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。

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2018 年广州市普通高中毕业班综合测试（一）

参考答案

第I 卷

第二部分第一节

21-23: AAB 24-27: BACB 28-31: DCCD 32-35: BDCD

第二节

36-40: FBGAD

第三部分第一节

41-45: DCBBD 46-50: CACDB 51-55: CAABD 56-60: ABDAC

第II 卷

第三部分第二节

61. off/out 62. travelled/traveled 63. to record 64. countless 65. a

66. What 67. vividly 68. was thought 69. following 70. development

第四部分第一节

The summer job is a tradition among American university students. Long after the end of the before school year, students start their summer vacation job search. They send letters to businesses, going go to job interviews, and ask our friends and relatives for help. By June the students usually have

their been found their jobs and then they begin preparing to enter the world of works.

work Reasons for wanting a summer job differs from student to student. Some work^ help pay their

differ to school expenses; others work to gain experience in their chosen professions; still others work just for the funny of it. Salesmen or waiters are two of the much common jobs that students try to find

fun and most during the summer months.

2018-2019年广州一模：广东省广州市2018届高三第一次模拟考试理综试题word-附答案精品

广东省广州市2018届高三第一次模拟考试 理综试题 一、选择题：在下列每小题给出的四个选项中，只有一项是符合题目要求的。 1.细胞自噬是依赖溶酶体对细胞内受损异常的蛋白质和衰老细胞器进行降解的过程。如果抑制肝癌发展期大鼠的细胞自噬，其肿瘤的体积和数量都比没有抑制细胞自噬的对照组小。下列有关此内容说法错误的是 A.自噬过程依赖于溶酶体内的水解酶 B.细胞自噬有利于维持细胞的稳态平衡 C.肝癌发展期细胞自噬会抑制肿瘤的发生 D.细胞自噬贯穿于正常细胞生长、分化、衰老、凋亡的全过程 2.H+的跨膜运输有的与质子泵（H+的载体蛋白）有关。质子泵分为三种，一种为生成ATP的F—型质子泵，两种为消耗ATP的P—型质子泵和V—型质子泵。下列说法正确的是 A.F-型质子泵为H+逆浓度梯度运输 B.P—型质子泵为H+顺浓度梯度运输 C.类囊体薄膜上的质子泵为V-型 D.线粒体内膜上的质子泵为F-型 3.将叶绿体悬浮液置于适宜光照下，一段时间后发现有氧气放出。下列相关说法正确的是 A.可测定叶绿体悬浮液的净光合速率 B.向悬浮液中滴入少量NaHCO3溶液[H]含量下降 C.突然改用等强度红光照射C3含量上升 D.改变悬浮液中pH对氧气释放无影响 4.一只杂合长翅雄果蝇与一只残翅雎果蝇杂交，产生一只三体长翅雄果蝇，其基因可能为AAa或Aaa，为确定该三体果蝇的基因组成（不考虑基因突变），让其与残翅雌果蝇测交，下列说法正确的是 A.AAa产生的原因只能为父本减数第二次分裂时姐妹染色中单体没有分开 B.Aaa产生的原因只能为母本减数第一次分裂时姐妹染色单体没有分开 C.如果后代表现型比例为长翅：残翅=5: 1则该三体果蝇的基因组成为Aaa D.如果后代表现型比例为长翅：残翅=1：1则该三体果蝇的基因组成为AAa 5.下列关于RNA的叙述错误的是 A.核糖体上可同时出现mRNA、tRNA和rRNA B.化学本质为RNA的酶主要形成于细胞核

2018年高考英语真题(新课标全国一卷)有答案

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2010年全国高考英语试题及标准答案-新课标

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