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省译法

省译法
省译法

省译法:

这是与增译法相对应的一种翻译方法,即删去不符合目标语思维习惯、语言习惯和表达方式的词,以避免译文累赘。增译法的例句反之即可。

1. 翻译下列句子,注意省译代词:

1). Lanny was disappointed; he picked his cases and walked away along the sandy track.兰尼很失望,拿起箱子沿沙路走去。

2). We cannot see sound waves as they travel through air. 声波在空气中传播时,是看不见的。

3). Electrical leakage will cause a fire; hence you must take good care of it. 漏电会引起火灾,因此必须注意。

4). He works as usual as if nothing happened to him. 他照常工作,好象什么也没有发生过。

5). She felt the flowers were in her fingers, on her lips, growing in her breast. 她觉得手里和唇上都是花儿,胸中也生长着花儿。

6). During their stay in Beijing, they visited some old friends of theirs. 在北京逗留期间,他们拜访了一些老朋友。

7). Anyone who does not recognize this fact is not a materialist. 不承认这个事实就不是唯物主义者。

8). We have more water than land on the globe. 在地球上,水比陆地占的面积大。

9). We have 365 days in a year. 一年有365天。

10). It works wonder when you know how to use it, but when you don’t, it is not worth a fig. 知道如何使用就能创造奇迹,否则就毫不足取。

11). Before you hand in your paper, you have to read it over and over and see if there is anything in it to be corrected and revised. Then you will have your work well done. 交卷前必须读几遍,看有没要修改的地方。这样你的工作就会做得好了。

12). Let them blockade us. Let them blockade us for eight or ten years! By that time all of China’s problems will have been solved. 封锁吧,封锁十年八年,到那时候中国的一切问题就都解决了。

13). One must have studied hard before one could succeed in mastering a foreign language. 必须努力学习才能掌握一门外语。

14). In sooth I know not why I am so sad:It wearies me:you say it wearies you; But how I caught it, found it or came by it, what stuff it’s made of, where of it is born, I am to learn; And such a want-wit sadness makes of me, That I have much ado to know myself. (The Merchant of Venice) 老实说我不知道为什么这样忧愁,使得我也很烦恼;你说使得你厌烦;不过这忧愁我是怎样染上的;怎样寻到的,怎样获得的,是什么东西做成的,从什么地方生出来的,我还得研究;忧愁把我弄得如此糊涂,以致我很难有自知之明了。

15). Everyone has got a copy of English textbook, have you got it? 每人一本英语教科书,你拿到了没有?

16). She laid her hand gently on his arm as if to thank him. 她轻轻把手放在他的胳膊上,好象表示感谢。

17). Her dark hair waved untidy across her broad forehead, her face was short, her upper lip short, showing a glint to teeth, her brows were straight and dark, her lashes long and dark, her nose straight. 她乌黑的头发,乱蓬蓬地撒落在宽宽的额头上,脸很短,上唇也很短露出光亮的牙齿。直直的眉毛很黑,长さ慕扌泻芎冢 亲又敝钡摹?

18). It is regrettable that our appeal has remained a dead letter. 遗憾的是,我们的呼吁如泥

牛入海。

19). When he put his hand before X-rays, he saw the bones of his hands only. 他把手伸在X 射线前面时,只见到手上的骨头。

20). Friction always manifests itself as a force that opposes motion. 摩擦总是表现为一种对抗运动的力。

21). Liquids have no definite shape, yet they have a definite volume. 液体没有一定的形状,但有一定的体积。

22). He shrugged his shoulders, shook his head, cast up his eyes, but said nothing. 他耸耸肩,摇摇头,两眼看天,一句话不说。

23). It was necessary that the metal should melt at a low temperature. 当时那种金属有必要在低温时融化。

24). We have made it clear that agriculture is the foundation of the national economy. 农业是国民经济的基础,我们已说清楚了。

25). It is malleability that allows metal to deform permanently under compression without rupture. 正是展性使金属在压力下永久变形而不断裂。

26). It was not until the 19 century that heat was considered a form of energy. 直到十九世纪,热才被认为是能的一种形式。

27). Plants make use of the oxygen in the carbon dioxide that they obtain from the air. 植物利用从空气中获得的二氧化碳中的氧气。

28). Matter comprises all the substances of which the universe is composed. 物质包含构成宇宙的各种实体。

29). Outside it was pitch dark and it was raining cats and dogs. 外面漆黑一团,大雨滂沱。

30). Thus we may have a forlorn hope of making a bridge between them in the next two or three weeks. 由此可见近两、三周内在他们之间进行沟通的希望渺茫。

2. 翻译下列句子,注意省译冠词:

1). It is something between a cup and a bowl. 这东西既不象杯子又不象碗。

2). An ambassador is an honest man who lies abroad for the good of his country. 大使是为了本国的利益,驻在国外(说谎)的正人君子。

3). Long after the lorry had gone, after the trail of dust had settled, and the earth and the sky were in the same place, Lanny stood there, staring at nothing, thinking of nothing, feeling nothing. 卡车过去许久,拖起的尘土早已落下,天地连在一线,兰尼站在那儿什么也不看,什么也不想,什么感觉也没有。

4). A square has four equal sides. 正方形四边相等。

5). The horse is a useful animal. 马是有用的动物。

6). A census is the official count of the number of people living in a city, state, or country. 人口调查是对居住在一个城市、一个州或一个国家的全部人数的统计。

7). The bullet wounded him in the leg. 子弹打中了他的腿。

8). The bear never touches dead animals. 熊从不沾死动物。

9). The fuselage of a modern airplane is all of metal construction. 现代飞机的机身是全金属结构的。

10). The sun rises at six every morning in winter. 冬天太阳六点钟升起。

11). A leader should be patient in dealing with problems. 作为领导处理问题时需要耐心。

12). A parrot can talk like a man. 鹦鹉会象人一样地讲话。

13). The family is the unit of society. 家庭为社会的单位。

14). The moon was slowly rising above the sea. 月亮慢慢地从海上升起。

15). Turn to the left and you’ll find the post-office. 如果你往左拐就可看到邮局。

16). The United States of today developed from the English colonies on the Atlantic coast of North America. 今天的美国是从北美洲大西洋沿岸的英国殖民地发展起来的。

17). The steel of Ashan is of very good quality. 鞍山的钢,品质优良。

18). You’ve never felt the bitterness of retreat. 你们从未感觉过撤退的痛苦。

19). A friend exaggerates a man’s virtues, an enemy his crimss. 朋友夸其德,敌人诉其过。

20). Slowly he came to the horse’s side. Jed kept watching the rocks. 他慢慢来到马旁,基德则留心岩石中的动静。

21). He walked around the house and stopped at the open door where the smell was stronger. 它绕着房子,而后停在气味更浓烈的门前,门开着。

22). The mountain is awake, the river is awake, …and it is all for you. 大山醒啦,大河也醒啦…而这一切都是为了您呀!

23). The ball felt light as a feather against his big bones. 球掉在他的大手上轻如鸿毛。

24). The sun was beginning to color the sky above. 太阳正开始给天空涂抹色彩。

25). The floor looked like glass under the feet of the dancers. 跳舞人脚下的地板看来好象光溜溜的玻璃。

3. 翻译下列句子,注意省译连接词:

1). These developing countries possess vast territories, large population and abundant natural resources. 这些发展中国家土地辽阔、人口众多、资源丰富。

2). He was smooth, and agreeable to meet. 他处事圆滑,待人和蔼。

3). There are two cylinders of equal mass, one being solid and the other hollow. 有两个质量相等的圆柱体,一个实心的,另一个是空心的。

4). All of us know that the conductivity of semiconductors changes with temperature. 我们都知道,半导体的导电性随温度而变化。

5). A gas becomes hotter if it is compressed. 气体受压缩,温度就升高。

6). No matter whether you believe me or not, the new China has become one of the world powers. 信不信由你,新中国已成为世界强国之一。

7). I will be punished for I have made too many mistakes in my exercises. 我一定会受罚, 我作业中错误太多了.

8). When the masses are of one heart, everything becomes easy. 人心齐,泰山移。

9). Since it is not proposed to discuss economic problems in detail, I shall not go into them further. 没打算详细地谈经济问题,我就不进一步讲了。

10). Although you may escort a guest a thousand miles, yet the parting must come at last. 送君千里,终有一别。

11). Come if you like. 高兴来就来。

12). So long as green hills remain, there will never be a shortage of firewood. 留有青山在,哪怕没柴烧。

13). They climbed up the hill higher and higher. 他们往山上爬,越爬越高。

14). If winter comes, can spring be far behind? 冬天来了,春天还会远吗?

15). Everything is good when new, but friends when old. 东西是新的好,朋友是老的真。

16). We will go and see the film this evening. 今天晚上我们去看电影。

17). I will go as soon as you come here. 你来了我马上就走。

18). If there were no such a thing as gravity, we could not run or jump rope or swim or have a

cold drink. 没有重力,我们就不能跑步,不能跳绳、游泳,不能喝冷饮。

19). If I had known it, I would not have made a friend with him. 早知如此,我就不和他交朋友了。

20). Fight when you can win, move away when you can’t. 能取胜就打,否则就跑。

21). The sea around the little stony island seemed an endless desert, stretching miles and miles to the horizon. 围绕着这小小石岛的海好象是片无际的沙漠,一直伸出去不知多少里直到天边。

22). The children entered the classroom and took their seats. 孩子门走进了教室,坐到了自己的座位上。

23). I shall write and thank him. 我要写信谢谢他。

24). That substances expand when heated and contract when cooled is a common physical phenomenon. 物质热胀冷缩是一种普通的物理现象。

25). The result of invention of steam engine was that human power was replaced by mechanical power. 蒸汽机发明的结果是机械动力代替了人力。

4. 翻译下列句子,注意省译介词:

1). Just between you and me. (天知地知)你知我知。

2). In the morning the dust hung like fog, and the sun was as red as ripe new blood. 清晨,尘土笼罩,犹如雾一般,太阳似殷红的鲜血。

3). The father led the son by the hand. 父亲拎着儿子的手。

4). He folded his hand behind him. 他倒背着手。

5). The door opened, and in came Mr. Smith, with a book in his hand. 门开了,史密斯先生走了过来,手里拿着一本书。

6). The difference between the two machines consists in power. 这两台机器的差别在于功率不同。

7). Between them, they saved enough money to buy a car. 他们一起积蓄了足以买一辆汽车的钱。

8). Sounds having the same frequency are in resonance. 具有相同频率的声音会共振。

9). A body in motion remains in motion at a constant speed in a straight line without the action of an external force. 没有外力的作用,运动中的物体就连续作匀速直线运动。

10). The unit of measurement of the pressure of water is kilogram. 水压的计量单位是公斤。

11). When a substance changes only in state or in form, it is a physical change. 当一种物质只改变状态或形式时,就是物理变化。

12). For fastening aircraft parts together, riveting is adopted. 采用铆接法,把飞行器部件连接在一起。

13). Hydrogen is the lightest element with an atomic weight of 1.008. 氢是最轻的元素,原子量为1.008。

14). Smoking is prohibited in public places. 公共场所不准吸烟。

15). In winter, it is much colder in the North than it is in the South. 冬天,北方比南方冷的多

16). Candidates for this company are expected to be skilled at using a computer. 这家公司要求应聘人员能熟练使用计算机。

17). In the morning we have four classes. 上午我们有四节课。

18). We go to the countryside in summer. 夏天我们去农村。

19). The People’s Republic of China was founded in 1949. 1949年成立中华人民共和国。

20). We’ve studied English for three years. 我们已学习英语三年了。

21). Can you see the picture on the wall? 你能看见墙上的画吗?

22). No imperialist country can survive long in the world. 世上无一帝国主义国家能够久存。

23). Recently in Japan robbery has often been committed in broad daylight. 近来日本常有盗案在光天化日之下发生。

24). In the capitalist countries the masses have no confidence in or love for the state power. 资本主义国家内人民不信任政权,也不爱戴政权。

25). Comrade Liu has got ahead with his work. 刘同志工作取得了进展。

26). The gadget takes apart for cleaning. 这个小机件是可以拆开来洗的。

27). Have you heard of the news? 你听到这个消息了吗?

28). I will inform him of the time of the meeting. 我要把开会的时间通知他。(我通知他开会的时间。)

29). It reminds me of my motherland. 这叫我想起了祖国。

30). At night the city was pitch dark, like a forest, and Natasha shivered –--- the darkness frightened her. 夜间满城漆黑,象座森林;娜塔莎怕黑,直哆嗦。

5. 翻译下列句子,注意省译动词:

1). The crisis, however, was short-lived. 这次危机时间不长。

2). This speech to the Senate was as bald and brief as his address to soldiers. 给议会的演讲就像给士兵讲话一样简短而无味。

3). These developing countries cover vast territories, encompass a large population and abound in natural resources. 这些发展中国家地大物博,人口众多。

4). Our country enjoys ever–growing international prestige and we have friends all over the world. 我们国家的国际威望日益增长,我们的朋友遍天下。

5). Seven o’clock found John up and dressed. 七点钟,约翰起床穿衣。

6). Although the forests could initially supply sufficient timber, the process of lumbering was extremely difficult, particularly because of the lack of roads. 虽然森林最初能提供充足的木材,但特别是因缺少道路,伐木过程十分艰难。

7). It is encouraging to note that in recent years, cigarette smokers have been on the decline, especially among older people. 令人鼓舞的是近几年吸烟的人数在减少,尤其是年长者。(省译动词)

8). The 1960’s saw a change in the form and content of movies, treating subjects that for so many years were prohibited. 20世纪60年代,电影的形式和内容都发生了变化,处理了多年来禁止的主题。(省译动词)

9). Worldwide fame burst upon Albert Einstein on November 7, 1919, when British astronomers announced they had found the first confirmation of Einstein’s general relativity. 1919年11月7日,当英国天文学家宣布他们已首次验证了爱因斯坦广义相对论时,爱因斯坦立即举世闻名。(省译动词)

10). Although air travel is still very expensive, its great speed makes it probably our most important means of transportation. 乘飞机旅行花费很大,但飞机的高速度也许会使其成为我们最重要的交通工具。

6. 翻译下列句子,注意省译某些词语:

1). I have got the devil of a toothache. 我牙疼的要命。

2). It would make the deuce of a scandal. 这纯粹是诽谤。

3). I should be very grateful if you could notify me of your decisions at your earliest convenience. 如能早日告知你的决定,我不胜感激。

4). Anyone who fails to meet the basic prerequisites will have to sit in an examination designed for this purpose. 达不到基本条件者,都要通过专门考试。

5). Sunday is the day when I am least busy. 星期天我最不忙。

6). There was no snow, the leaves were gone from the trees, the grass was dead. 天未下雪,但叶落草枯。

7). From this moment, each day that passes, each event that happens, helps our doctrine, but also, alas, the enemy who is putting it into practice. 从现在起,时时,事事,都有利于我们的学说,但是哎呀也帮助了把这一学说附诸于实践的敌人。

8). People will be alert and receptive if they are faced with information that gets them to think about things they are interested in. 如果人们遇到的信息能使他们想起感兴趣的事情,他们就会很留心而且愿意接受。

9). The structure of that recently designed lathe looks as illustrated schematically in fig.9. 那台最近设计的车床的结构,如图9所示。

10). Although many modifications have been made in it, the game known in the United States as football can be traced directly to the English game of rugby. 虽然足球赛已作了许多改进,但美国的足球赛可直接追溯到英国的橄榄球赛。

11). Never has the question of family size attracted as much attention in his country as it is getting now. 在他的国家里家庭大小从来没有像现在这样引人关注。

12). In addition, penicillin was instrumental in keeping wounds from getting infected and in helping to speed the healing process of those wounds that did become infected. 此外,青霉素对防止伤口感染和加速确已感染的伤口愈合都很有效。

13). Advertising has become a very big business, and good firms in it do all they can to make sure it is conducted with some attention to truth. 广告已成为一个很大的行业,信誉好的广告公司都尽一切努力确保广告的真实性。

14). Having said he would mend the clock, he discovered that he had not brought the right tools for the job. 他说他能修钟,但发现没拿对工具。

15). Physics is the study of heat, sound, magnetism, electricity, light, the properties of matter and what it is composed of. 物理学研究的是热、声、磁、电、光、物质的性质和成分。

(16)There was no snow, the leaves were gone from the trees, the grass was dead.

天未下雪,但叶落草枯。

常用翻译技巧之必备增译法省译法

专心翻译 做到极致 常用翻译技巧之必备增译法省译法 英汉两种语言在句法、词汇、修辞等方面均存在着很大的差异,因此在进行英汉互译时必然会遇到很多困难,需要有一定的翻译技巧作指导。常用的翻译技巧有增译法、省译法、转换法、拆句法、合并法、正译法、反译法、倒置法、包孕法、插入法、重组法和综合法等。这些技巧不但可以运用于笔译之中,也可以运用于口译过程中,而且应该用得更加熟练,因为口译工作的特点决定了译员没有更多的时间进行思考。 增译法:指根据英汉两种语言不同的思维方式、语言习惯和表达方式,在翻译时增添一些词、短句或句子,以便更准确地表达出原文所包含的意义。这种方式多半用在汉译英里。汉语无主句较多,而英语句子一般都要有主语,所以在翻译汉语无主句的时候,除了少数可用英语无主句、被动语态或"Therebe…"结构来翻译以外,一般都要根据语境补出主语,使句子完整。英汉两种语言在名词、代词、连词、介词和冠词的使用方法上也存在很大差别。英语中代词使用频率较高,凡说到人的器官和归某人所有的或与某人有关的事物时,必须在前面加上物主代词。因此,在汉译英时需要增补物主代词,而在英译汉时又需要根据情况适当地删减。英语词与词、词组与词组以及句子与句子的逻辑关系一般用连词来表示,而汉语则往往通过上下文和语序来表示这种关系。因此,在汉译英时常常需要增补连词。英语句子离不开介词和冠词。另外,在汉译英时还要注意增补一些原文中暗含而没有明言的词语和一些概括性、注释性的词语,以确保译文意思的完整。总之,通过增译,一是保证译文语法结构的完整,二是保证译文意思的明确。 (1)What about calling him right away?马上给他打个电话,你觉得如何?(增译主语和谓语) (2)If only I could see the realization of the four modernizations.要是我能看到四个现代化实现该有多好啊!(增译主句) (3) Indeed, the reverse is true 实际情况恰好相反。(增译名词) (4)就是法西斯国家本国的人民也被剥夺了人权。Even the people in the fascist countries were stripped of their human rights.(增译物主代词)

翻译方法之增译法、减译法、重复法

翻译方法之增译法、减译法、重复法 ?英汉两种语言,由于表达方式不尽相同,翻译时既可能要将词义进行转换,有可能要在词量上加以增减。 ?有的时候,为了明确、强调或生动,也需要将一些关键性的词加以重复。 ?什么叫增译法?我们可以这样确定它的定义:为了使译文忠实地表达原文的意思与风格,并使译文合乎表达习惯,必须按意义上(修辞上)和句法上增加一些词语,这就叫做增译法。?一、根据意义(修辞)上的需要 ?二、根据句法上的需要 一、根据意义(修辞)上的需要 ?(一)增加动词 ?(二)增加形容词 ?(三)增加副词 ?(四)增加名词 ?(五)增加表示名词复数的词 ?(六)增加表达时态的词 ?(七)增加语气助词 ?(八)增加量词 ?(九)增加根据上下文需要及反映背景情况的词 ?(十)增加概括词 ?(十一)增加承上启下的词 (一)增加动词 ?根据意义的需要,可以在名词前后增加动词。 ?如: In the evening, after the banquets, the concerts and the table tennis exhibitions, he would work on …… Practice ?They talked for almost eight hours, through dinner and well into the night. ?My work, my family, my friends were more than enough to fill my time. (二)增加形容词 ?With what enthusiasm the Chinese people are building socialism! 中国人民正在以多么高涨的热情建设社会主义啊! ?O, Tom Canty, born in rags and dirt and misery, what sight is this! (Mark Twain) 出生在破烂、肮脏和苦难中,现在这番景象却是多么煊赫啊!

汉英翻译技巧

How to Translate from Chinese to English 汉译英翻译技巧 课程教案 Foreign Language Teaching and Research Department Heilongjiang University Foreign Language Teaching and Research Department

Chapter One I.Teaching Objectives On completion of this chapter, students should be able to: 1.be well acquainted with the basic method and techniques needed for translating from Chinese to English 2.be well informed with the basic rules concerning translating from Chinese to English. II.The Points to Be Highlighted 1.verb without subject changed into verb with subject. 2.paralleled sentence without connections changed into complex sentence with connections. 3.implied cohesion changed into clear cohesion.back conclusion changed into front conclusion. III.T eaching Procedures and Contents 1.Greetings Talking about the Weather 2.Warm-up 1) 天气不错,是吧? 2) 今天天气看上去不错。 3) 看来天气要放晴。 4) 雪开始下小了。 5) 现在已经开始掉小雨点了。 1) Lovely day, isn’t it? 2) It looks to be a promising day. 3) It seems to be clearing up. 4)The snow is beginning to let up. 5) I can feel some small drops of rain now. 3.Body 翻译的方法 “词词对应,句句对应”是把直译绝对化,事实上很难办到,勉强这样做时往往弄得文字别扭,意思歪曲。另一方面,意译如果离原意太远就不能称之为翻译,是不受欢迎的。“语言是翻译之敌”。在翻译的具体过程中,语言时时都在束缚着译者,不少译者眼中只盯着原文的词,句和结构这些属于语言层次的东西,成了它们的奴仆,难以从中解放出来。结果,翻译出来的东西只是一种文字层次的转换,徒具形式,而原文的意义和精神却没有得到很好的传达。翻译的方法应该是:译者在读第二遍原文时,不是逐词逐句分析,而是对全段意思作深层次的掌握,以便从整体上进行翻译,像口译那样把原意尽量传达出来;具体翻译时虽然也适当考虑原文结构,形势却可于原文大不一样。然后再对照原文复核,使之更加切合原意。 规律 汉语是意合式语言而英语是形合式语言,从汉语译成英语便是从意合改为形合。所谓规律也就是指进行这种转变时通常会遇到的问题及处理方法。 Foreign Language Teaching and Research Department

省译法

省译法: 这是与增译法相对应的一种翻译方法,即删去不符合目标语思维习惯、语言习惯和表达方式的词,以避免译文累赘。增译法的例句反之即可。 1. 翻译下列句子,注意省译代词: 1). Lanny was disappointed; he picked his cases and walked away along the sandy track.兰尼很失望,拿起箱子沿沙路走去。 2). We cannot see sound waves as they travel through air. 声波在空气中传播时,是看不见的。 3). Electrical leakage will cause a fire; hence you must take good care of it. 漏电会引起火灾,因此必须注意。 4). He works as usual as if nothing happened to him. 他照常工作,好象什么也没有发生过。 5). She felt the flowers were in her fingers, on her lips, growing in her breast. 她觉得手里和唇上都是花儿,胸中也生长着花儿。 6). During their stay in Beijing, they visited some old friends of theirs. 在北京逗留期间,他们拜访了一些老朋友。 7). Anyone who does not recognize this fact is not a materialist. 不承认这个事实就不是唯物主义者。 8). We have more water than land on the globe. 在地球上,水比陆地占的面积大。 9). We have 365 days in a year. 一年有365天。 10). It works wonder when you know how to use it, but when you don’t, it is not worth a fig. 知道如何使用就能创造奇迹,否则就毫不足取。 11). Before you hand in your paper, you have to read it over and over and see if there is anything in it to be corrected and revised. Then you will have your work well done. 交卷前必须读几遍,看有没要修改的地方。这样你的工作就会做得好了。 12). Let them blockade us. Let them blockade us for eight or ten years! By that time all of China’s problems will have been solved. 封锁吧,封锁十年八年,到那时候中国的一切问题就都解决了。 13). One must have studied hard before one could succeed in mastering a foreign language. 必须努力学习才能掌握一门外语。 14). In sooth I know not why I am so sad:It wearies me:you say it wearies you; But how I caught it, found it or came by it, what stuff it’s made of, where of it is born, I am to learn; And such a want-wit sadness makes of me, That I have much ado to know myself. (The Merchant of Venice) 老实说我不知道为什么这样忧愁,使得我也很烦恼;你说使得你厌烦;不过这忧愁我是怎样染上的;怎样寻到的,怎样获得的,是什么东西做成的,从什么地方生出来的,我还得研究;忧愁把我弄得如此糊涂,以致我很难有自知之明了。 15). Everyone has got a copy of English textbook, have you got it? 每人一本英语教科书,你拿到了没有? 16). She laid her hand gently on his arm as if to thank him. 她轻轻把手放在他的胳膊上,好象表示感谢。 17). Her dark hair waved untidy across her broad forehead, her face was short, her upper lip short, showing a glint to teeth, her brows were straight and dark, her lashes long and dark, her nose straight. 她乌黑的头发,乱蓬蓬地撒落在宽宽的额头上,脸很短,上唇也很短露出光亮的牙齿。直直的眉毛很黑,长さ慕扌泻芎冢 亲又敝钡摹? 18). It is regrettable that our appeal has remained a dead letter. 遗憾的是,我们的呼吁如泥

法律翻译中的“条”、“款”、“项”、“目”

法律翻译者在翻译立法条文、法学论文、法院判决等法律文件时,常常会碰到诸如“条”、“款”、“项”、“目”等词的翻译,参阅国内一些法律翻译(英汉、汉英)工具书,我们发现,各工具书对上述四个词的翻译或者没有涉及,或者十分混乱。这些翻译之中,不乏十分正确的翻译,但是有些翻译则值得商榷。本文作者旨在探讨这一组词的译法,为法律英语词典编纂及法律条文的翻译提供借鉴。本文从英译汉、汉译英两个方面来说明这一问题。 一、英汉法律翻译中的“条”、“款”、“项”、“目” 在英汉法律翻译中,上述词条的翻译不可一概而论。我们知道,一般意义上而言,在英文中能够表达法律中“条款”之类的词汇大概有:article; section; subsection; paragraph; subparagraph; item; clause; rule; regulation; provision,以及stipulation等等。 (1)关于“article”一词的翻译。将article一词译为“条”,争议不大。例如,《美利坚 (seven 合众国宪法》 (THE CONSTITUTION OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA,1789)共有“7条”articles)。再如,世界贸易组织《中华人民共和国加入议定书》(Protocol on the Accession of People’s Republic of China)中文译本也将“article”译为“条”。 根据美国权威的《布莱克法律字典》(Black’s Law Dictionary. Garner, 1999:106),Article: A separate and distinct part (as a clause or stipulation) of a writing, esp. in a contract, statute, or constitution. (斜体字为作者所加)。再如,美国《法律词典》(A Dictionary of the Law. Clapp, 2000:36),Article: subdivision of a written instrument; particularly a. a subdivision of a statute or constitution, usually subdivided into sections. b. one of the items or clauses in a contract, treaty, or other agreement. 从以上两本比较权威的工具书对Article的释义来看,“Article”是宪法、制定法、或合同中“单独的,显著的部分”。所以,将之译为我国法律条文中的“条”是合适的。纵然有字典将“Article”译为“节”(李宗锷、潘慧仪,1999:23),或是其它不同翻译,笔者认为,“Article”一词在法律条文翻译中一般应该译为“条”。 读者不能混淆“Article”与“Articles”的意义、用法。“Articles”应译为“条例”。例如,在《美国宪法》之前颁布的《邦联和永久联合条例》(Articles of Confederation and Perpetual Union),这一宪法性文件直接称自己为“Articles”,不过,这不妨碍我们仍将该“条例”中的具体的13个“Article”译为“条”。 (2)关于section一词的翻译,分歧比较大,主要有两种声音。第一种观点:“section”应译为“条”或者“节”,而绝不可以译为“款”。如陈忠诚先生在其力作《汉英-英汉法律用语辩证词典》中讲“以个人有限的认识而论,在英美有以‘article’称‘条’的,也有以‘section’称‘条’的。以‘article’译‘条’为常,以‘section’译‘节’为常。……而未见有以‘section’译‘款’的”(陈忠诚,2000:604)。第二种观点:“section”可译为“款”(薛波,2003:1234),此外,注释所言,余叔通主编《新汉英法学词典》中也认为“款”可以译为“section”。 依笔者看,section一词在英汉法律英语翻译中,通常译为“节”,也可以译为“条”,极少数情形下可译为“款”。

法律翻译中的forthe purpose(s) of句型

法律翻译中的forthe purpose(s) of句型 泛瑞翻译 法律翻译中的forthe purpose(s) of句型 翻译含for the purpose(s) of的短语时,首先看它后面跟的是什么。 1. 如果紧跟这个短语的是某个法律条款的指代编号(如章、条、款、节等),首选的翻译是“就(有关)章、条、款、节而言” 2. 其次是“为了实施该(条法例)”。 3. 如果原文中的“for the purpose(s) of…”与“章、条、款、节等”无关,而该短语又可以用“for”或“in order to”去取代(这种用法在法律英文中属于少数),则可译成“为了”。 例句: Forthe purposes of this Law, the one-person company with limitedliability means a company with limited liability where there is only oneshareholder who is a natural person or a legal person. 本法所称(也就是就本法而言)一人有限责任公司,是指只有一个自然人股东或者一个法人股东的有限责任公司。 For the purposes of subsection (2),”land” doesnot include incorporeal hereditament; 就第(2)款而言, “土地”(land) 并不包括无体可继承产; Forthe purposes of subsection (1) permissionshall be in writing. 就第(1)款而言﹐许可须为书面形式 Forthe purposes of subsection (1) of thissection the attestation of a will by a person to whom or to whose spouse thereis given or made any such disposition as is described in that subsection shallbe disregarded if the will is duly executed without his attestation and withoutthat of any other such person.为第(1)款的施行﹐获得该款所述的处置的任何人或其配偶﹐如为遗嘱作见证﹐而该遗嘱没有其见证或任何这些人的见证亦已属妥为签立﹐则该人所作的见证须不予理会。 A judge may, on the application of an appellant who is in custody, order theappellant to be brought up to the court in custody for the purpose of attendinghis appeal or any application or any proceeding therein. 法官可应在羁押中的上诉人的申请﹐为了使上诉人能出席其上诉或其中任何申请或法律程序而命令将他在羁押下带上法庭。 总之,For the purposes of最恰当的翻译首选“就…而言”,其次是“为施行…条款”。如果没有紧跟条款的话,而此短语又可为in order to代替,才能翻译为“为了…” 当然如果purpose前有形容词修饰,如for the commercial purpose,则必须翻译为“为了商业目的”。

中国翻译名家

本帖最后由清风12 于2011-10-26 13:54 编辑 周作人浙江绍兴人,现代散文家、诗人,文学翻译家。有多种译作,多为与其兄鲁迅合译之作。 陈望道浙江省义乌人。现代著名的思想家、社会活动家、教育家和语言文学家,五四新文化运动的积极推动者。译著有《共产党宣言》(第一个中译本,1920年8月),《马克思底唯物史观》(日本河上肇的《近世经济思想史论》部分内容,1920),日本岛村抱月著的《文艺上的自然主义》、《苏俄十年间文学理论研究》(日本岗泽秀虎著)等。 胡适胡适(1891.12.17—1962.2.24),原名胡洪,字适之,汉族,安徽徽州绩溪县上庄村人。现代著名学者、诗人、历史家、文学家、哲学家、思想家。因提倡文学革命而成为新文化运动的领袖之一。原名嗣穈,学名洪骍,字希疆,后改名胡适,字适之,笔名天风、藏晖等,其中,适与适之之名与字,乃取自当时盛行的达尔文学说“物竞天择适者生存”典故。中国现代哲学家、1962年2月24日在台北病逝。 郭沫若译著有:《菌梦湖》(小说)德国施笃谟著、与钱君胥合译,1921,泰尔;《少年维特之烦恼》(长篇小说)德国歌德著、1922,泰东;《社会组织与社会革命》(论文)日本河上肇著,1924,商务;《雪莱诗选》(诗集)英国雪莱著,1926,泰东;《浮士德》(诗)德国歌德著,1928,创造社;《沫若译诗集》印度枷里达若著,1928,创造社;《石炭王》(小说)美国辛克莱著,1928,上海乐群书店;《政治经济学批判》(理沦)德国卡尔.马克思著,1921,神州;《战争与和平》(长篇小说)俄国列.托尔斯泰著,1935,光明书局;《艺术的真实》(理论)德国卡尔.马克思著。 林语堂我国最优秀的双语作家之一。有十一部中文著作,四十部英文著作和九部翻译作品,数百篇散文小品。 朱光潜中国现当代最杰出的文学理论家和美学家。译著有哈拉普的《艺术的社会根源》、柏拉图的《文艺对话集》和《歌德谈话录》等。 丰子恺浙江省崇德县石门湾(今桐乡石门镇)人。中国现代漫画家、翻译家、文学家、音乐教育家。丰子恺博学多能,著译甚丰,在漫画、文学、美术理论、音乐理论、翻译、书法及艺术教育诸方面有突出成就。尤以富有朴素、细腻、深沉和哲学味的散文和漫画著称,在国内外有广泛影响。 董秋斯原名董绍明,笔名秋斯、求思等。河北静海人。三十年代初,出版与蔡泳裳合译的苏联小说《士敏士》。抗战期间,译出托尔斯泰的《战争与和平》。 冰心原名谢婉莹,笔名冰心女士,男士等。译著有《先知》(散文诗集)叙利亚凯罗.纪伯伦著,1931,新月、《印度童话集》印度穆.拉.安纳德著,1955,中青、《吉檀迦利》(诗集)印度泰戈尔著...。 梁实秋原名梁治华,字实秋。著名文学家、学者。第一篇翻译小说《药商的妻》1920年9月发表于《清华周刊》增刊第6期。30年代开始翻译莎士比亚作品,持续40载,到1970年完成了全集的翻译,计剧本37册,诗3册。晚年用7年时间完成百万言著作《英国文学史》。 巴金原名李尧棠,字芾甘,四川成都人。现代小说家、散文家与翻译家。从20年代到80年代,他以优美的文字翻译了俄、法、英、美、日、德、意、匈牙利、波兰等国作家作品。他的作品曾先后被译成日、苏、英、法、德、匈牙利、波兰、捷、罗马尼亚、保加利亚、阿尔巴尼亚、瑞典等国文字。译著有《面包略取》(克鲁泡特金著)(1927)、译文集《父与子》(屠格涅夫著)(1943)、屠格涅夫的《处女地》(1944)、《快乐王子集》(王尔德著)(1948)、高尔基的《回忆托尔斯泰》(1950)、高尔基的《回忆布罗克》(1950)… 戴望舒浙江抗州人。中国现代著名的诗人。1926年发表魏尔伦的诗。翻译书目:《少女

法律翻译中的“条”、“款”、“项”、“目”

法律翻译中的“条”、“款”、“项”、“目”

法律翻译者在翻译立法条文、法学论文、法院判决等法律文件时,常常会碰到诸如“条”、“款”、“项”、“目”等词的翻译,参阅国内一些法律翻译(英汉、汉英)工具书,我们发现,各工具书对上述四个词的翻译或者没有涉及,或者十分混乱。这些翻译之中,不乏十分正确的翻译,但是有些翻译则值得商榷。本文作者旨在探讨这一组词的译法,为法律英语词典编纂及法律条文的翻译提供借鉴。本文从英译汉、汉译英两个方面来说明这一问题。 一、英汉法律翻译中的“条”、“款”、“项”、“目” 在英汉法律翻译中,上述词条的翻译不可一概而论。我们知道,一般意义上而言,在英文中能够表达法律中“条款”之类的词汇大概有:article; section; subsection; paragraph; subparagraph; item; clause; rule; regulation; provision,以及stipulation等等。

(1)关于“article”一词的翻译。将article一词译为“条”,争议不大。例如,《美利坚合众国宪法》(THE CONSTITUTION OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA,1789)共有“7条”(seven articles)。再如,世界贸易组织《中华人民共和国加入议定书》(Protocol on the Accession of People’s Republic of China)中文译本也将“article”译为“条”。 根据美国权威的《布莱克法律字典》(Black’s Law Dictionary. Garner, 1999:106),Article: A separate and distinct part (as a clause or stipulation) of a writing, esp. in a contract, statute, or constitution. (斜体字为作者所加)。再如,美国《法律词典》(A Dictionary of the Law. Clapp, 2000:36),Article: subdivision of a written instrument; particularly a. a subdivision of a statute or constitution, usually subdivided into sections. b. one of the items or clauses in a contract, treaty, or other agreement.

常用十大翻译技巧之一增译法

常用十大翻译技巧之一:增译法 英汉两种语言在句法、词汇、修辞等方面均存在着很大的差异,因此在进行英汉互译时必然会遇到很多困难,需要有一定的翻译技巧作指导。常用的翻译技巧有增译法、省译法、转换法、拆句法、合并法、正译法、反译法、倒置法、包孕法、插入法、重组法和综合法等。这些技巧不但可以运用于笔译之中,也可以运用于口译过程中,而且应该用得更加熟练,因为口译工作的特点决定了译员没有更多的时间进行思考。 增译法:指根据英汉两种语言不同的思维方式、语言习惯和表达方式,在翻译时增添一些词、短句或句子,以便更准确地表达出原文所包含的意义。这种方式多半用在汉译英里。汉语无主句较多,而英语句子一般都要有主语,所以在翻译汉语无主句的时候,除了少数可用英语无主句、被动语态或"There be…"结构来翻译以外,一般都要根据语境补出主语,使句子完整。英汉两种语言在名词、代词、连词、介词和冠词的使用方法上也存在很大差别。英语中代词使用频率较高,凡说到人的器官和归某人所有的或与某人有关的事物时,必须在前面加上物主代词。因此,在汉译英时需要增补物主代词,而在英译汉时又需要根据情况适当地删减。英语词与词、词组与词组以及句子与句子的逻辑关系一般用连词来表示,而汉语则往往通过上下文和语序来表示这种关系。因此,在汉译英时常常需要增补连词。英语句子离不开介词和冠词。另外,在汉译英时还要注意增补一些原文中暗含而没有明言的词语和一些概括性、注释性的词语,以确保译文意思的完整。总之,通过增译,一是保证译文语法结构的完整,二是保证译文意思的明确。如: (1)What about calling him right away?
马上给他打个电话,你觉得如何?(增译主语和谓语) (2)If only I could see the realization of the four modernizations. 要是我能看到四个现代化实现该有多好啊!(增译主句) (3)Indeed, the reverse is true. 实际情况恰好相反。(增译名词) (4)就是法西斯国家本国的人民也被剥夺了人权。 Even the people in the fascist countries were stripped of their human rights.(增译物主代词) (5)只许州官放火,不许百姓点灯。 While the magistrates were free to burn down house, the common people were forbidden to light lamps. (增译连词) 1

第十章 法律翻译中被动句式的翻译(课堂讲练)

第十章法律翻译中被动句式的翻译(课堂讲练) 本章教学目标:掌握法律英语翻译中有关被动句翻译的若干基本方法。 课堂讲练: 1、概述 在法律英语句式中,被动语态(PASSIVE VOICE)使用频率很高。通常在以下情况中,法律英语会使用被动语态: 例1、(1)、The Conformity Certificate of the Goods to be delivered shall be delivered directly to Party A by Party C on the Delivery Day of such Goods. 参考译文:拟交付货物的产品合格证应由丙方在该批货物交货日直接交给甲方(或:丙方应在交货日将拟交货物的产品合格证直接交给甲方)。 (2)、When the Goods to be pledged under this Agreement have been delivered to the Dealer acting on behalf of the Pledgee, the Pledgor shall submit to the Dealer a Delivery Note. 参考译文:依照本协议应质押的货物交付给代表质押权人的经销商后,质押人应向经销商提交一份交货单。 (3)、Unless otherwise specified in writing herein, all Confidential Information must be returned to the disclosing Party or destroyed on the expiration of the period of the receiving Party’s using such Confidential Information. 参考译文:除非本协议另有书面规定,所有机密信息在接收方使用期限届满时必须退还给披露方或者销毁。 (4)、如果在合同任何一方向对方发出就因本合同引起的或与之有关的任何争议进行协商的书面请求后15天内,争议仍未得到解决,则任何一方可以将该争议提交中国国际经济贸易仲裁委员会仲裁。 参考译文:Where the disputes arising out of or in relation to this Contract can not be resolved within fifteen (15) days after any Party hereto requesting in writing the other Party to commencing a consultation on said disputes, either Party may submit it to the China International Economic and Trade Arbitration Commission for arbitration(CIETAC). (5)、对于任何因违约而给对合同任何一方造成的损失,违约方必须做出金钱赔偿。 参考译文:Any losses suffered by any Party hereto arising from any breach shall be indemnified by the Party in breach. 小结:从上述例句的翻译中可以看出,法律英语使用被动语态,通常是因为(1)、强调动作对象(即受动者),比如例句(1)、(2),此时,往往施动者没有必要说出或不愿说出;或者(2)、施动者本身无法确定,如(3)、(4);或者两种情形兼而有之,如(5)。在汉译时,由于汉语被动语态的使用频率较英语为少,所以,不必受英语句式限制,将所有被动句都翻译成汉语被动句,译文应以既忠实于原文意义,又符合汉语表达习惯为要旨。 2、英语被动语态基本翻译技巧 1)、译成被动句 如需要强调源语中被动语态的受动对象,一般译成汉语被动句。不过,可以使用”予以、由、受、受到、得以、得到、经“等词汇替代”被“,以表达被动含义。 例2、(1)、If any of the provisions of this Contract is held invalid or unenforceable and unless the invalidity or unenforceability materially violates the fundamental intent and sense of other parts of this Contract, such invalidity or unenforceability shall not affect the validity and enforceability of any other provisions hereof. 参考译文:如果本合同任何条款被认定为无效或不可执行,除非此无效或不可执行性实质性地违反本合同根本意图或其其他部分意义,则不得影响本合同其他条款的有效性或可执行性。

增译法Amplification

第三讲增译法(Amplification) 例1.You got a prejudice all right----against a race that’s black.That’s why I called you white racist that night.But when you deal with a black person,I don’t feel any bad vices. 你这个人确有偏见。你(结构性增补)对整个(语义性增补)黑人种族抱有偏见(结构性)。那天晚上,我说你是个白人种族主义者,道理就在这里。但是当你跟一个具体的(语义性)黑人打交道时,我倒不(修辞性增补)觉得你有什么恶意。 例2.其实地上本来没有路,走的人多了,也便成了路。 Actually the earth had no roads to begin with,but when many men pass one way,a road is made. 增译法定义: 为了使译文忠实地表达原文的意思与风格并使译文合乎表达习惯,必须增加一些在修辞上,语法结构上,语义上或语气上必不可少的词语。 一.翻译省略成分引起的增译 (一)翻译为避免重复而出现的省略成分的增译 例1.Histories make men wise;poets witty;the mathematics subtle;natural philosophy deep. 读史使人明智,读诗使人灵秀 数学使人周密,科学使人深刻。 例2.She makes a good teacher,as she has a good student. 她原先是个好学生,现在是个好教师。 (二)翻译由于英语语法规则而出现的省略成分时的增译 We suggest that the test(should)be done by12o’clock. 我们建议这项实验应在12点之前完成。 二.语义修辞上需要的增译 1.增加动词 例1.He seized the chance for peace between them. 他抓住了实现他们和解的机会。 例2.Testing is a complicated problem,so be careful. 进行测试是一个复杂的问题,因此,得格外仔细。 2.增加名词 例1.他的科学著作在英语国家中得到广泛阅读。 His scientific works were widely read in English-speaking countries. 例2.领导人对两国关系非常关心。 Our leaders have taken interest in the development of our bilateral relations. 英语中有许多抽象名词,这词若直译,不能给人予具体明确的含义。因此,汉译时要加上“性”,“作用”,“反应”,“方法”,“现象”,“心理”等措词。 tension紧张局势 readability可读性 complexity复杂局面 lightheartedness轻松愉快的心境 敌对情绪(行为)hostility 转化过程transformation 嫉妒心理jealousy 傲慢态度arrogance 例3.Much of our morality is customary. 我们大部分的道德观念都有习惯性。 例4.The doctor will get more practice out of me than out of other ordinary patients. 医生从我身上得到的实践经验,会比从其他普通病人身上得到的多。 3.增加形容词

英汉翻译过程中的反译

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