英语和汉语互译中的区别
英语和汉语的区别
一、英语重结构，汉语重语义
我国著名语言学家王力先生曾经说过：“就句子的结构而论，西洋语言是法治的，中国语言是人治的。”(《中国语法理论》，《王力文集》第一卷，第35页，山东教育出版社，1984年)
我们看一看下面的例子：
Children will play with dolls equipped with personality chips, computers with inbuilt （成为固定装置的，嵌入墙内的；内在的，固有的）personalities will be regarded as workmates rather than tools, relaxation will be in front of smell television, and digital age will have arrived。
译文：儿童将与装有个性芯片的玩具娃娃玩耍，具有个性内置的计算机将被视为工作伙伴而不是工具，人们将在气味电视前休闲，到这时数字时代就来到了。
这句英语是由四个独立句构成的并列句，前三个句子都用简单将来时，最后一个句子用的是将来完成时，句子之间的关系通过时态、逗号和并列连词and表示得一清二楚。而汉语译文明显就是简单的叙述，至于句子之间的关系完全通过句子的语义表现出来：前三个句子可以看成是并列关系，最后一个句子则表示结果。
二、英语多长句，汉语多短句
由于英语是"法治"的语言，只要结构上没有出现错误，许多意思往往可以放在一个长句中表达；汉语则正好相反，由于是"人治"，语义通过字词直接表达，不同的意思往往通过不同的短句表达出来。正是由于这个原因，考研英译汉试题几乎百分之百都是长而复杂的句子，而翻译成中文经常就成了许多短小的句子。
例如：Interest in historical methods had arisen less through external challenge to the validity of history as an intellectual discipline （身心的锻炼，训练；纪律，风纪，命令服从；惩戒，惩罚；学科，科目）and more from internal quarrels among historians themselves.
译文：人们对历史研究方法产生了兴趣，这与其说是因为外部对历史作为一门知识学科的有效性提出了挑战，还不如说是因为历史学家内部发生了争吵。
英文原句是个典型的长句，由27个词组成，中间没有使用任何标点符号，完全靠语法结构使整个句子的意思化零为整：less through...and more from构成一个复杂的状语修饰动词arisen。在中文翻译中，"产生兴趣"这一重要内容通过一个独立的句子表达，两个不同的原因则分别由不同的句子表达，整个句子被化整为零。
三、英语多从句，汉语多分句
英语句子不仅可以在简单句中使用很长的修饰语使句子变长，同时也可以用从句使句子变复杂，而这些从句往往通过从句引导词与主句或其它从句连接，整个句子尽管表面上看错综复杂却是一个整体。汉语本来就喜欢用短句，加上表达结构相对松散，英语句子中的从句
翻成汉语时往往成了一些分句。
例如：On the whole such a conclusion can be drawn with a certain degree of confidence but only if the child can be assumed to have had the same attitude towards the test as the other with whom he is compared, and only if he was not punished by lack of relevant information which they possessed.
译文：总的来说，得出这样一个结论是有一定程度把握的，但是必须具备两个条件：能够假定这个孩子对测试的态度和与他相比的另一个孩子的态度相同；他也没有因缺乏别的孩子已掌握的有关知识而被扣分。
原文中两个only if引导的从句显然使整个句子变得很复杂，可是由于有并列连词but 和and，整句话的逻辑关系十分清楚：…能够得出结论…但是只要…而且只要…。从上面的译文我们可以看出，为了使中文表达更加清楚，but only if...and only if...首先提纲挈领：但是必须具备两个条件……，这种做法给我们的感觉是译文中没有从句，有的只是一些不同的分句。
四、主语，宾语等名词成分“英语多代词，汉语多名词”
在句子中，英语多用名词和介词，汉语多用动词。
英语不仅有we、you、he、they等人称代词，而且还有that、which之类的关系代词，在长而复杂的句子，为了使句子结构正确、语义清楚，同时避免表达上的重复，英语往往使用很多代词。汉语虽然也有代词，但由于结构相对松散、句子相对较短，汉语里不能使用太多的代词，使用名词往往使语义更加清楚。请看下面的例句：
There will be television chat shows hosted by robots, and cars with pollution monitors that will disable them when they offend.
译文：届时，将出现由机器人主持的电视访谈节目及装有污染监测器的汽车，一旦这些汽车污染超标(或违规)，监测器就会使其停驶。
五、英语多被动，汉语多主动
英语比较喜欢用被动语态，科技英语尤其如此。汉语虽然也有"被"、"由"之类的词表示动作是被动的，但这种表达远没有英语的被动语态那么常见，因此，英语中的被动在汉译中往往成了主动。下面我们先看一组常用被动句型的汉译：
It must be pointed out that...必须指出……
It must be admitted that...必须承认……
It is imagined that...人们认为……
It can not be denied that...不可否认……
It will be seen from this that...由此可知……
It should be realized that...必须认识到……
It is (always) stressed that...人们(总是)强调……
It may be said without fear of exaggeration that...可以毫不夸张地说……
这些常用被动句型属于习惯表达法，在科技英语中出现频率很高，考生不仅要熟悉这些句型的固定翻译，同时要认识到许多英语中的被动从习惯上来讲要译成汉语的主动。我们再看一个典型的例子：
And it is imagined by many that the operations of the common mind can by no means be compared with these processes, and that they have to be required by a sort of special training.
译文：许多人认为，普通人的思维活动根本无法与科学家的思维活动相比，认为这些思维活动必须经过某种专门训练才能掌握。
原文中有三个被动语态is imagined, be compared和be required，译成汉语都变成了主动表达：认为、相比和掌握。
有些英语被动需要把主语译成汉语的宾语，这样才能更加符合中文的表达习惯。
例如：New sources of energy must be found, and this will take time, but it is not likely to result in any situation that will ever restore （归还；恢复，复兴；恢复健康，复原）that sense of cheap and plentiful energy we have had in the past time.
译文：必须找到新的能源，这需要时间；而过去我们感觉到的那种能源价廉而充足的情况将不大可能再出现了。
六、英语多变化，汉语多重复
熟悉英语的人都知道，英语表达相同的意思时往往变换表达方式。第一次说"我认为"可以用"I think"，第二次再用"I think"显然就很乏味，应该换成"I believe"或"I imagine"之类的表达。相比之下，汉语对变换表达方式的要求没有英语那么高，很多英语中的变化表达译成重复表达就行了。请看下面的例子：
The monkey's most extraordinary accomplishment was learning to operate a tractor. By the age of nine, the monkey had learned to solo on the vehicle.
译文：这只猴子最了不起的成就是学会驾驶拖拉机。到九岁的时候，这只猴子已经学会了单独表演驾驶拖拉机了。tractor和vehicle在句中显然都表示"拖拉机"，英语表达上有变化，而译成汉语时使用了重复表达法。
七、英语多抽象，汉语多具体
做翻译实践较多的人都有这样的体会：英文句子难译主要难在结构复杂和表达抽象上。通过分析句子的结构，把长句变短句、从句变分句，结构上的难题往往迎刃而解。表达抽象则要求译者吃透原文的意思、用具体的中文进行表达，这对考生往往具有更大的挑战性。
下面我们先看一组例子：
disintegration 土崩瓦解
ardent （热心的；热情的）loyalty 赤胆忠心
total exhaustion 筋疲力尽
far-sightedness 远见卓识
careful consideration 深思熟虑
perfect harmony （和声；和睦）水乳交融
feed on fancies 画饼充饥
with great eagerness 如饥似渴
lack of perseverance 三天打鱼，两天晒网
make a little contribution （捐款；捐助）添砖加瓦
on the verge of destruction 危在旦夕
从上面的例子不难看出，英语表达往往比较抽象，汉语则喜欢比较具体。我们再看一个翻译：
Until such time as mankind has the sense to lower its population to the points whereas the planet can provide a comfortable support for all, people will have to accept more "unnatural food."
译文：除非人类终于意识到要把人口减少到这样的程度：使地球能为所有人提供足够的饮食，否则人们将不得不接受更多的“人造食品”。
原文中有三个抽象的名词：sense, point和support和两个抽象的形容词comfortable 和unnatural。根据大纲中词汇表提供的解释，sense可指“感觉”、“判断力”，point的意思是“点”，support的意思是“支撑(物)”、“支持(物)”，comfortable是“舒适的”，unnatural 是“非自然的”，都是意思十分抽象的词，如果不进行具体化处理，译文就可能是这样：除非人类有这样的感觉，把人口减少到这样的，使地球能为大家提供舒适的支持，否则人们将不得不接受更多的"非自然的食物"。
八、英语多引申，汉语多推理
英语有两句俗话：一是You know a word by the company it keeps.(要知义如何，关键看词伙)，二是Words do not have meaning, but people have meaning for them.(词本无义，义随人生)。这说明词典对词的定义和解释是死的，而实际运用中的语言是活的。从原文角度来说，这种活用是词义和用法的引申，翻译的时候要准确理解这种引申，译者就需要进行推理。
例如：While there are almost as many definitions of history as there are historians, modern practice most closely conforms to one that sees history as the attempt to recreate and explain the significant events of the past.
译文：尽管关于历史的定义几乎和历史学家一样多，现代实践最符合这样一种定义，即把历史看作是对过去重大历史事件的再现和解释。
"recreate"根据构词法和一般词典上解释都是“重新创造”，而考研英语大纲词汇表中只有名词"recreation"，所给词义为"娱乐、消遣"，在这种情况下，考生很容易把recreate 译成“重新创造”或者“娱乐”。仔细观察recreate不难发现它带有宾语the significant events of the part，从逻辑上来讲，"过去的重大历史事件"是不能"重新创造"的，作者显然对recreate一词的词义进行了引申。做翻译的人经常会有这样一种感受：某个词明明认识，可就是不知道该怎样表达。这其实就是词的引申和推理在起作用。
经典中文英文翻译
经典中文的英译 但愿人长久，千里共婵娟。 We wish each other a long life so as to share the beauty of this graceful moonlight, even though miles apart. 独在异乡为异客，每逢佳节倍思亲。 A lonely stranger in a strange land I am cast, I miss my family all the more on every festive day. 大江东去，浪淘尽，千古风流人物。 The endless river eastward flows; with its huge waves are gone all those gallant heroes of bygone years. 二人同心，其利断金。 If two people are of the same mind, their sharpness can cut through metal. 富贵不能淫，贫贱不能移，威武不能曲，此之谓大丈夫。 It is a true great man whom no money and rank can confuse, no poverty and hardship can shake, and no power and force can suffocate. 海内存知己，天涯若比邻。 A bosom friend afar brings distance near.
合抱之木，生于毫末，九层之台，起于累土；千里之行始于足下。 A huge tree that fills one’s arms grows f rom a tiny seedling; a nine-storied tower rises from a heap of earth; a thousand li journey starts with the first step. 祸兮，福之所依；福兮，祸之所伏。 Misfortune, that is where happiness depends; happiness, that is where misfortune underlies. 见贤思齐焉，见不贤而内自省也。 On seeing a man of virtue, try to become his equal; on seeing a man without virtue, examine yourself not to have the same defects. 江山如此多娇，引无数英雄尽折腰。 This land so rich in beauty has made countless heroes bow in homage. 举头望明月，低头思故乡。 Raising my head, I see the moon so bright; withdrawing my eyes, my nostalgia comes around. 俱往矣，数风流人物，还看今朝。 All are past and gone; we look to this age for truly great men.
英汉短文翻译
PASSAGE A Since about 1800, near the beginning of the Industrial Revolution, coal, petroleum, and gas have been used at a rapidly increasing rate. The supply of these fuels is limited, and electric power is very scarce in many places. Some scientists believe solar energy is the only source which can meet the worlds’ enormous need for power. Great progress had been made in harnessing the sun. Not only is the sun now used in cooking, but it also supplies power for such things as beacon lights for ships and airplanes. It operates telephone lines, portable radios, electric clocks, hearing aids, and even communications satellites. Some homes and office buildings in the United States are now being heated with solar energy. The three most significant types of solar equipment so far are the furnace, the still, and the cell. Solar furnaces heat water or air, which is then circulated through a building to make it comfortable. Solar stills are especially important because they can provide fresh water at a relatively cheap rate. Salt can be easily removed from sea water with a solar still. The most highly developed is the solar cell. Some cells are so effective that they can turn 16 per cent of the energy they receive from the sun into electric energy. One of the cell’s b iggest advantages is that it can be made either small enough to carry or large enough to produce a current that can run an automobile. Besides, it has a very long life. It is still too expensive for the average consumer. But when ways are discovered to produce it more cheaply, we can expect its use to be wide-spread. PASSAGE B Many theories concerning the causes of juvenile delinquency (crimes committed by young people) focus either on the individual or on society as the major contributing influence. Theories centering on the individual suggest that children engage in criminal behavior because they were not sufficiently penalized for previous misdeeds or that they have learned criminal behavior through interaction with others. Theories focusing on the role of society suggest that children commit crimes in response to their failure to rise above their socioeconomic status or as a rejection of middle-class values. Most theories of juvenile delinquency have focused on children from disadvantaged families, ignoring the fact that children from wealthy homes also commit crimes. The latter may commit crimes for lack of adequate parental control. All theories, however, are tentative and are subject to criticism. Changes in the social structure may indirectly affect juvenile crime rates. For example, changes in the economy, which lead to fewer job opportunities for youth and rising unemployment in general, make gainful employment increasingly difficult to obtain. The resulting discontent may in turn lead more youths into criminal behavior. Families have also experienced changes these years. More families consist of one parent households or two working parents; consequently, children are likely to have less supervision at home than was common in the traditional family structure. This lack of parental supervision is thought to be an influence on juvenile crime rates. Other identifiable causes of offensive acts include frustration or failure in school, the increased availability of drugs and alcohol, and the growing incidence of child abuse and child neglect. All these conditions tend to increase the probability of a child committing a criminal act, although a direct causal relationship has not yet been established.
中文姓氏的英文翻译对照表
中文姓氏的英文翻译对照表 中文姓氏的英文翻译对照表.txt我们用一只眼睛看见现实的灰墙，却用另一只眼睛勇敢飞翔，接近梦想。男人喜欢听话的女人，但男人若是喜欢一个女人，就会不知不觉听她的话。在互联网上混的都时兴起个英文名字，一是方便注册用户名，二是有个好英文名容易显得自己比较Cool。但是起英文名时，中文姓氏还是要保留的，并且姓氏一般都有专门的英文翻译，比如“刘德华”的英文名是Andy，刘姓对应的英文翻译是Lau，所以全称便是“Andy Lau”。当然了，我们一般人直接用汉语拼音作为姓氏的英文翻译也可以，但在比较正式的场合下，最好还是用相应的英文翻译。 姓氏的英文翻译跟汉语拼音是有一些细微差别的，这主要由中西方人发音的不同特点来决定的。比如，从声母上来看，D开头的姓，英文翻译对应的是T，G对应的是K，X对应的是HS，Z、J 一般对应的是C，韵母也会有一些细微差别。详细的，请参考如下中文姓氏的英文翻译对照表，正在起英文名的朋友可以看看。 A: 艾--Ai 安--Ann/An 敖--Ao B: 巴--Pa 白--Pai 包/鲍--Paul/Pao 班--Pan 贝--Pei 毕--Pih 卞--Bein 卜/薄--Po/Pu 步--Poo 百里--Pai-li C: 蔡/柴--Tsia/Choi/Tsai 曹/晁/巢--Chao/Chiao/Tsao 岑--Cheng 崔--Tsui 查--Cha
常--Chiong 车--Che 陈--Chen/Chan/Tan 成/程--Cheng 池--Chi 褚/楚--Chu 淳于--Chwen-yu D: 戴/代--Day/Tai 邓--Teng/Tang/Tung 狄--Ti 刁--Tiao 丁--Ting/T 董/东--Tung/Tong 窦--Tou 杜--To/Du/Too 段--Tuan 端木--Duan-mu 东郭--Tung-kuo 东方--Tung-fang E: F: 范/樊--Fan/Van 房/方--Fang 费--Fei 冯/凤/封--Fung/Fong 符/傅--Fu/Foo G: 盖--Kai 甘--Kan 高/郜--Gao/Kao 葛--Keh 耿--Keng 弓/宫/龚/恭--Kung 勾--Kou 古/谷/顾--Ku/Koo 桂--Kwei
英语翻译成汉语
[转] 英语中常见的123个中国成语写作就不用愁字数啦 1.爱屋及乌 Love me, love my dog. 2.百闻不如一见 Seeing is believing. 3.比上不足比下有余 worse off than some, better off than many; to fall short of the best, but be better than the worst. 4.笨鸟先飞 A slow sparrow should make an early start. 5.不眠之夜 white night 6.不以物喜不以己悲 not pleased by external gains, not saddened by personnal losses 7.不遗余力 spare no effort; go all out; do one's best 8.不打不成交 No discord, no concord. 9.拆东墙补西墙 rob Peter to pay Paul 10.辞旧迎新 bid farewell to the old and usher in the new; ring out the old year and ring in the new 11.大事化小小事化了 try first to make their mistake sound less serious and then to reduce it to nothing at all 12.大开眼界 open one's eyes; broaden one's horizon; be an eye-opener 13.国泰民安 The country flourishes and people live in peace 14.过犹不及 going too far is as bad as not going far enough; beyond is as wrong as falling short; too much is as bad as too little 15.功夫不负有心人 Everything comes to him who waits. 16.好了伤疤忘了疼 once on shore, one prays no more 17.好事不出门恶事传千里 Good news never goes beyond the gate, while bad
英语和汉语互译中的区别
英语和汉语的区别 一、英语重结构，汉语重语义 我国著名语言学家王力先生曾经说过：“就句子的结构而论，西洋语言是法治的，中国语言是人治的。”(《中国语法理论》，《王力文集》第一卷，第35页，山东教育出版社，1984年) 我们看一看下面的例子： Children will play with dolls equipped with personality chips, computers with inbuilt （成为固定装置的，嵌入墙内的；内在的，固有的）personalities will be regarded as workmates rather than tools, relaxation will be in front of smell television, and digital age will have arrived。 译文：儿童将与装有个性芯片的玩具娃娃玩耍，具有个性内置的计算机将被视为工作伙伴而不是工具，人们将在气味电视前休闲，到这时数字时代就来到了。 这句英语是由四个独立句构成的并列句，前三个句子都用简单将来时，最后一个句子用的是将来完成时，句子之间的关系通过时态、逗号和并列连词and表示得一清二楚。而汉语译文明显就是简单的叙述，至于句子之间的关系完全通过句子的语义表现出来：前三个句子可以看成是并列关系，最后一个句子则表示结果。 二、英语多长句，汉语多短句 由于英语是"法治"的语言，只要结构上没有出现错误，许多意思往往可以放在一个长句中表达；汉语则正好相反，由于是"人治"，语义通过字词直接表达，不同的意思往往通过不同的短句表达出来。正是由于这个原因，考研英译汉试题几乎百分之百都是长而复杂的句子，而翻译成中文经常就成了许多短小的句子。 例如：Interest in historical methods had arisen less through external challenge to the validity of history as an intellectual discipline （身心的锻炼，训练；纪律，风纪，命令服从；惩戒，惩罚；学科，科目）and more from internal quarrels among historians themselves. 译文：人们对历史研究方法产生了兴趣，这与其说是因为外部对历史作为一门知识学科的有效性提出了挑战，还不如说是因为历史学家内部发生了争吵。 英文原句是个典型的长句，由27个词组成，中间没有使用任何标点符号，完全靠语法结构使整个句子的意思化零为整：less through...and more from构成一个复杂的状语修饰动词arisen。在中文翻译中，"产生兴趣"这一重要内容通过一个独立的句子表达，两个不同的原因则分别由不同的句子表达，整个句子被化整为零。 三、英语多从句，汉语多分句 英语句子不仅可以在简单句中使用很长的修饰语使句子变长，同时也可以用从句使句子变复杂，而这些从句往往通过从句引导词与主句或其它从句连接，整个句子尽管表面上看错综复杂却是一个整体。汉语本来就喜欢用短句，加上表达结构相对松散，英语句子中的从句
英汉互动翻译
直译与意译 中国自东晋以来一直存在关于直译(literal translation)/意译(free translation)的争辩。朱光潜在《谈翻译》一文中，认为意译是指把原文意思用中文表达出来，不必完全依据原文的自面和次第。林汉达在《英文翻译原则方法实例》中认为，主张直译的人并非反对意译，而是反对胡译和曲译。同样，主张意译的人反对的是呆译或死译（rigid translation）。我们认为正确的翻译是直译，同时也是意译。许渊冲在《翻译中的几对矛盾》一文中说，直译把忠实于原文内容放第一位，忠实于原文形式放第二位，通顺的译文形式放第三位；意译是把忠实于原文内容放第一位，通顺的译文形式放第二位，不拘泥于原文形式的翻译方法。翻译一篇文章或一段话、一个句子时，直译和意译往往交织在一起。两种翻译方法的前提都是译文要通顺、地道、明白、晓畅，让读者明白译出语的意义。 使用这两种翻译方法时要避免两种倾向，一是死译，不顾目的语表达习惯而与原文语言形式亦步亦趋的翻译方法；二是过度意译（over-free translation），具体表现为附加过多额外信息，要么信息含量不能等同于原文信息含量，甚至改变源语形象，歪曲原文历史、文化背景知识。 例1 A man may usually be known by the books he reads as well as by the company he keeps, for there is a companionship of books as well as of men. 译文1：人们往往可以从一个人所交往的朋友及阅读的书目中看到他的为人，因为，人与人之间存在友谊，人与书之间也存在友谊。 译文2：所谓欲知其人，先观其友；观其阅读书目，亦能知其人，因人可与人为友，亦可与书为友。 例2His retort was delivered with a strong note of vinegar. 译文1：他的反驳是带着强烈的醋意发出的。 译文2：他用非常尖酸刻薄的口气进行了反驳。 例3The development of an economical artificial heart is only a few transient failures away.
中文地址英语翻译示例
中文地址英语翻译示例 【字体：大中小】【日期：2005年01月11日来源：本站原创编辑：毛浩然点击数：】【关闭】 中文地址的排列顺序是由大到小，如：Ｘ国Ｘ省Ｘ市Ｘ区Ｘ路Ｘ号，而英文地址则刚好相反，是由小到大。如上例写成英文就是：Ｘ号，Ｘ路，Ｘ区，Ｘ市，Ｘ省，Ｘ国。掌握了这个原则，翻译起来就容易多了！ Ｘ室RoomＸ Ｘ号No.Ｘ Ｘ单元UnitＸ Ｘ号楼Building No.Ｘ Ｘ街ＸStreet Ｘ路ＸRoad Ｘ区ＸDistrict Ｘ县ＸCounty Ｘ镇ＸTown Ｘ市ＸCity Ｘ省ＸProvince 请注意：翻译人名、路名、街道名等，最好用拼音。 中文地址翻译范例： 宝山区示范新村37号403室 Room 403, No. 37, SiFang Residential Quarter, BaoShan District 虹口区西康南路125弄34号201室 Room 201, No. 34, Lane 125, XiKang Road(South), HongKou District 473004河南省南阳市中州路42号李有财 Li Youcai Room 42 Zhongzhou Road, Nanyang City Henan Prov. China 473004 434000湖北省荆州市红苑大酒店李有财 Li Youcai Hongyuan Hotel Jingzhou city Hubei Prov. China 434000 473000河南南阳市八一路272号特钢公司李有财 Li Youcai Special Steel Corp.
No. 272, Bayi Road, Nanyang City Henan Prov. China 473000 528400广东中山市东区亨达花园7栋702 李有财 Li Youcai Room 702, 7th Building Hengda Garden, East District Zhongshan, China 528400 361012福建省厦门市莲花五村龙昌里34号601室李有财 Li Youcai Room 601, No. 34 Long Chang Li Xiamen, Fujian, China 361012 361004厦门公交总公司承诺办李有财 Mr. Li Youcai Cheng Nuo Ban, Gong Jiao Zong Gong Si Xiamen, Fujian, China 361004 266042山东省青岛市开平路53号国棉四厂二宿舍1号楼2单元204户甲李有财Mr. Li Youcai NO. 204, A, Building NO. 1 The 2nd Dormitory of the NO. 4 State-owned Textile Factory 53 Kaiping Road, Qingdao, Shandong, China 266042
英文翻译成中文
第四部分翻译 Part Ⅰ英译汉 练习： Unit 1 1.年轻时，他对学业漫不经心，加之他一直不愿考虑运动员以外的职业，到这时候，这一切终于给他带来了不幸。 2.护士们对不得不日复一日地参与欺骗病人的做法也许深恶痛绝，但要抵制却感到无能为力。 3.我不会在初版的《失乐园》上乱写乱画，就像我不会把一幅伦勃朗的原作连同一套蜡笔交给我的婴儿任意涂抹一样。 4.只有假设地球表面呈曲线状，这一现象才能得到解释。 5.鹿减少生存所需的能耗以增加越冬生存的机会，从生物学的角度看是合情合理的。 6.不论好坏，不论是何结果，美国人不仅会一概接受，还要去铲除那些反对者，尽管对于成千上万的人来说，这决定与自己的意愿背道而驰。 7.你可曾为了接电话在洗澡时从浴室冲出来，或是嚼着饭从饭桌旁站起来，或是昏昏沉沉的从床上爬起来，而结果却是有人打错了。 8.实际上，大把花钱的满足感大于商品本身带给他们的乐趣。 9.但是蓝色也可以表示伤感（我很伤感），白色常代表纯洁，尽管在中国，人们在婚礼上穿白的，在葬礼上穿黑的。 10. 晚上十点到十二点，美国处在权力真空状态——除了纽约广播公司总部和两家大的新闻机构之外，全国范围内就再没有别的信息中心。 Unit 2 1) 1800年英国与法国之间将爆发一场持续15后的大战。 2) 我相信，到1816年，英国将在滑铁卢村附近赢得一场伟大战役的胜利。 3) 然而，到1870年，对于英国来说，德国将成为一个比法国更具危险性的国家。 4) 在20世纪初，俄国、美国和日本将成为大国，而英国将不再是世界上最强大的国家了。 5) 反过来，农民的业绩大小取决于农业的组织形式，经济环境，市场结构这些与之息息相关的因素。 6) 他被接回来时，不停地跟人讲，一些可怕的怪物瞪着眼睛盯着他，把他带到了一个宇宙飞船上。 7) 烫伤大多数发生在老人和孩子身上，往往是由于浴室里水温太高而造成的。 8) 尽量多地了解可能发生的事情，这样你可以提前做好准备。 9) 市场的变化迫使很多网站关闭，而其它网站也仅是勉强维持。 10）因为在农民生产率低下的国家，需要劳动人口中大多数人种粮食，因此就没有多少人从事投资货物的生产或进行经济增长所必须的其它活动。 Unit 3 1. 在牛顿之前，亚里士多德已经发现物体的自然状态是静止的，除非有力作用于物体。所以运动着的物体会停下来。 2．人们在家中或是类似家的地方感觉最为亲密——和一个或几个亲近的人呆在一起——也就是在私人交谈的时候。 3．当一个人长时间在干道或高速公路上驾车行驶，就会存在两个问题：一是如何保持稳定的车速；二是如何确保他不撞上前面的车。 4．这个系统尤其适用于汽车拥挤的情况，因为电脑不仅能够控制车速，与前面车子的距离，还能够控制方向。
中文翻译英文
2009专转本汉译英模拟试题 1.工厂和汽车发出的废气严重污染了大气。 The wastes given off from factories and cars seriously pollute the air. 2.那位工程师的来信表明，他对该计划是否可行有怀疑。 The engineer’s letter indicates that he is doubtful about the feasibility of the plan. 3.美国许多父母在孩子出生之前就为他们的教育留出一笔钱。 Many American parents set aside a sum of money for their children’s education before they are born. 4.我以了解清楚，她的结论是以事实为根据的。 I have known it clear that her conclusion is based on facts. 5.这个村庄是以耸立在它前面的那座高山命名的。 The village is named after the high mountain in front of it. 6.他病了一个月左右，这使他在学习上耽误了许多。 He has been laid up in the bed for a month or so, which holds back his study a lot. 7.这封信必须交给史密斯博士本人。 The letter is to be presented to Dr. Smith. 8.南希虽然很想参加辩论，但腼腆得不敢开口。 Although Nancy wants to join the debate very much, she is too timid/shy to speak it out. 9.你觉得什么时候最有可能在家里找到他？ When do you think is most likely to find him in his house? 10.出席晚宴的客人对那个美国人的话感到有点意外。 All the guests present at the banquet felt a bit surprised at what the American said. 11.会议上有人建议任命一个十一人委员会来制定新章程。 Someone at the meeting suggested that a committee of eleven members should be appointed to set the new charter. 12.这些青年科学家通过现场观察，获得了研究工作所需要的第一手资料。These young scientists got the first-hand materials through observation. 13.他很可能会因为视力不好而被拒绝入伍。 He is very likely to be rejected by the army due to his poor eyesight.
汉语中没法用英语翻译的词
请大家看看这一句怎么译成英语：“他铅笔盒里有五支笔。”别小看这么一句简单的话，实在没有办法翻译，因为英语里没有相当于汉语“笔”的词。英语里倒是可以找到各种具体的“笔”的名称： 铅笔pencil 钢笔pen / fountain pan 圆珠笔ball-point pen 毛笔writing brush 画笔painting brush 鸭嘴笔drawing pen / ruling pen 蜡笔(wax) crayon 粉笔chalk 只有弄清楚那五支具体是什么笔，才能翻译出来，如：He’s got two pencils, two ball-point pens and one pen in his pencil-box. 人们在认识事物的过程中，往往把性质或用途一样或类似的东西归为一类，表示某一类事物的总名称被叫做“上义词”(superordinate)，一个“上义词”的概念包含许多“下义词”(hyponym)。汉语中的“笔”就是前几行所列各种笔的“上义词”。有些分类是各种语言基本一样的，如世界上的东西分成生物(living things)和无生命物(non-living things)，或者有机物(organic matters)和无机物(inorganic matters)，而生物里有植物(plants)和动物(animals)，但有些分类是某种语言特有的。“笔”在英语里就构不成一类。再比如汉语中的“车”(包括各种汽车、自行车、人力车、手推车、童车等)、“牛”(包括水牛、黄牛、牦牛、奶牛等)、“果品”(包括鲜果、干果、蜜饯等)、“皮”(包括各种兽皮、树皮、果皮等)之类的词在英语里都没有对应的说法，因为它们在说英语的人心目中并不构成一个“类”，所以翻译时必须弄清具体东西用不同的下义词代替，有时也可用上义词取代。 就连She is my sister. 这样的句子，如果不了解说话人指的是“姐姐”还是“妹妹”，也无法译。这里也有文化上的原因，因为西方强调家庭成员的平等，兄弟姐妹的地位是平等的。因此，西方人在介绍自己的兄弟姐妹时一般说He/She is my brother/sister. 并不分长幼。而英语里sibling这个词在汉语里没有对应的词。有些分类和名称和汉语不一样，如half brother/sister可以指同父异母也可以指同母异父的兄弟姐妹。至于cousin可以指“堂/表兄/弟/姐/妹”；而长一辈中男/女的亲戚除了父/母亲之外都是uncle/aunt.。这些都会造成翻译的困难。 难办的是，有时候分类是交叉的。例如，英语的table和desk在汉语里都是“桌子”，但这并不等于“桌子”所含的概念(semantic range)一定比table大，例如coffee table和end table 都是table，但在汉语中却是“茶几”，当然不能归在“桌子”一类里。汉语里的“绿”、“蓝”、“青”是三个颜色，相对而言，英语里只有green和blue两个词，所以“青”字到底应该译为green还是blue要看情况而定(如“青天”是blue sky，“青菜”却是green vegetables，而the Blue Nile习惯上译为“青尼罗河”。)。 不光是名词有这样的情况，从某种意义上说，动词分类粗细也有不同，如汉语中的“切”、“割”、“截”、“剁”、“斩”、“砍”、“劈”、“剖”、“剪”、“裁”、“刻”等都可以用一个cut翻译(要区分动作可以加上介词短语表示工具，如“剪”是cut with scissors，或加上补语表示
英汉汉英翻译段落练习100篇
1Lexicography 1)Lexicography provides at its best a joyful sense of busyness with language2) One is immersed in the details of language as in no other field. 3) Sometimes the details are so overwhelming and endless they sap the spirit and depress the mind4) Often at the end of a hard day’s work one realizes with dismay that the meager stack of finished work one has accomplished has an immeasurably slight impact on the work as a whole 5) As I hope the readers of this work will come to understand dictionaries do not sprint into being 6)People must plan them collect information and write them.7 )Writing takes time and it is often frustrating and even infuriating.8 )No other form of writing is at once so quixotic and so intensely practical.9) Dictionary making does not require brilliance or originality of mind.10) It does require high intelligence mastery of the craft and dedication to hard work.11) If one has produced a dictionary one has the satisfaction of having produced a work of enduring value. 2.Pollution 1) Pollution is a problem because man in an increasingly populated and industrialized world is upsetting the environment in which he lives.2) Many scientists maintain that one of man’s greatest errors has been to equate growth with advancement. 3) Now ―growth‖ industries are being looked on with suspicion in case their side effects damage the environment and disrupt the relationship of different forms of life.4) The growing population makes increasing demands on the world’s fixed supply of air water and land.5) This rise in population is accompanied by the desire of more and more people for a better standard of living, in an ever increasing amount of waste material to be disposed of.6) The problem has been causing increasing concern to living things and their environment.7) Many believe that man is not solving these problems quickly enough and that his selfish pursuit of possessions takes him past the point of no return before he fully appreciates the damage. 1参考译文 词典编纂的绝妙之处是给人一种与语言打交道的快乐感。不像其他领域，编词典的人整天都钻在语言材料中。有时碰到的语言材料浩如烟海，令人耗神。往往一天辛苦工作下来，发觉所完成的薄薄几页草稿只是全部工作的九牛一毛，好不沮丧。正如我希望这部著作的读者会逐渐明白的那样，词典并非是一蹴而就的。必须先制定计划，收集材料，然后方能编写。编写词典不仅耗费时间，而且常让人受挫，甚至恼怒。没有其他的写作像编纂词典那样，既要有空想又要脚踏实地。词典编纂并不需要横渡的才华或独创的思维，但却要求很高的智力，对词典编纂的精通，和甘于吃苦的精神。一个人编写出一部词典，就会因它的长久价值而得到一份快慰。 2参考译文 污染已成为问题，因为在当今人口越来越多，社会越来越工业化的世界上，人类正在污染他们居住的环境。许多科学家认为人类最大的错误是把发展和进步等同起来。现在人们以怀疑的态度看待“发展性”的产业，因为它们的副作用会破坏环境，破坏各种生命之间的关系。人口的增长导致对世界上有限的空气、水和土地的需求不断增长。伴随着人口增长的是越来越多的人渴望更高的生活水平。于是对电、水和商品的更大需求必然造成有更多的废物要处
很全)中文菜谱英文翻译.
(很全)中文菜谱英文翻译 拔丝莲子Lotus Seeds in hot toffee 拔丝苹果Apple in hot toffee 拔丝山药Chinese yam in hot toffee 拔丝香蕉Banana in hot toffee 2.番茄炒蛋Scrambled eggs with tomatoes 3.鱼香茄子Fish-flavored eggplant 4.川味回锅Szechuan double cooked pork slices 5.鱼香肉丝Shredded pork with garlic sauce 6.香酥大排Sweet-and-sour loins 7.咖喱鸡块Creamy curried chicken 8.蚝油牛肉Sliced beef sauteed in oyster sauce 9.宫爆鸡丁Sauted diced chicken with peanuts and chili 10.红烧带鱼Braised Ribbonfish 11.青椒肉丝Shredded pork with green pepper 12.百叶结烧肉Beancurd leaf rolls with minced pork 13.泡菜鸡肫Pickled vegetables chicken liver and gizzard 14.香炸鸡翅Savoury and crisp chicken 15.泡椒鸡爪Chicken Feet with Pickled Peppers 16.糖醋小排Sweet-and-sour spareribs 17.香辣小龙虾Braised Baby Lobster with Hot Spicy Sauce 18.红烧大肠Braised Large Intestine
中文翻译成英文
PartⅡ汉译英 Unit 1 1.His brother’s knowledge in French Literature is far superior to his. 2.English isn’t a subject that can be picked up in a month. One can master the language only after he works hard at it for years. 3.He never allowed himself to be bullied into doing anything that went against his principles. 4.Tom is weak, so much so that he can’t walk without help. 5.I consider it worthwhile trying to summarize our experience in learning English. 6.As I sat waiting outside the office, the more I though about the coming interview, the more nervous I got. 7.The serious problems of air pollution deserve a careful consideration. 8.If you try to cheat in the exam, you will never get away with it. 9.I still hold to the belief that parents should allow their children to fully develop their talents by themselves. 10.George laid down a reward system to encourage workers to work hard. Unit 2 11.The doctor insisted that the patient be admitted to hospital for the treatment immediately. 12.Mary is crazy to go out in such a snowy weather. 13.Y ou should know better than to go swimming right after lunch. 14.A frank reply is much more appreciated than beating about the bush. 15.Xiao Li has narrowed down his choice of MBA programs to three American universities in the East. 16.When the passenger woke up he found himself lying in the ward of a hospital. 17.In today’s job market, basic skills in computer science and foreign languages are of great importance. 18.The ability to communicate with others is a very important social skill that contributes to success. 19.Professor Smith finds it difficult to keep up with the development of science and technology even in his own field. 20.His forgetfulness may be a symptom of brain trouble. Unit 3 1) it is only recently that astronomers have begun specific research into black holes. 2) each time it is shown, this program starts a nationwide debate on the project. 3) The new music was built out of materials already in existence. 4) It is because the birthrate fell that our society has grown so old. 5) He is compelled to take a job which is of no interest to himself. 6. It was last night that Tom’s wife had a severe heart attack. 7. Wherever you go, you’ll see the great changes that have taken place in the city. 8. It was generally believed that the sun went around the earth. 9. My question is how information is stored in the long-term memory. 10. There are some words that we don’t know until we grow up. Unit 4 1．The water pipes have burst and the kitchen is full of water.