关于机械制造的英语文章
关于机械制造的英语文章
Mechanical engineering
Engineering Science in life are widely used, especially in mechanical engineering in the application of life is almost throughout life in all its aspects, to automobiles, aircraft, small electric fans, umbrella, all of these and related machinery. The project includes many subjects, but the mechanical engineering is one of the most important subjects, not only because of our life and it is closely related to, but with the progress of the times, people have to rely on mechanical engineering products, in automation today, machine instead of many this is the part of the human labor, improve the efficiency and save time.
As a result of mechanical engineering in every aspect of life, therefore, as an engineer, be faced with a great many challenges, in addition to a solid with knowledge, but also keep pace with the times, familiar with the machinery and related software, can be very good use of software, and as a an engineer, we should try our best to design and produce and closely related to the life of the machine, and can in life play a real role, also have
only such, we address and remission now social needs, therefore, the mechanical engineering in the future social development, will play the important role, especially China's case, the industry also is not very developed, machinery can be greater development space.
Before the industrial revolution, machinery is mostly wood structure, wood made by hand by. The development of social economy, the demand for mechanical products. The bulk of the production increasing and precision processing technology progress, promote the mass production method
( interchangeability of parts production, professional division of labor and cooperation, water processing lines and assembly lines ) formation. Study of mechanical products in the manufacturing process, especially when used in the pollution of the environment and natural resources excessive consumption problems and their treatment measures. This is a modern mechanical engineering is an especially important task to grow with each passing day, and its importance.Application of mechanical products. This includes selection, ordering, aeptance, installation, adjustment, operation, maintenance, repair and transformation of the industrial use of machinery
and plete sets of machinery and equipment, to ensure that the mechanical products in the long-term use of reliability and economy.
As a student, we are now the most important to learn professional knowledge, only in this way, can we later life and learning, to do its part.
机械工程
工程科学在生活中应用广泛，特别是机械工程在生活中的应用几乎就是遍布了生活中的各个方面，大到汽车、飞机，小到电风扇、雨伞，这些都和机械有关。工程包括很多科目，但是机械工程是最重要的科目之一，不仅是因为它和我们的生活关系密切，而是随着时代的进步，人们已经依赖上机械工程制造出来的产品，而在自动化的今天，机器代替了许多本该是人类该做的部分劳动，提高了效率和节约了时间。
由于机械工程遍布了生活的每一个方面，因此，做为一个工程师，要面临很大且很多的挑战，除了要具备扎实的装也知识外，还要与时俱进，熟悉和机械有关的软件，并要能很好的运用软件，而作为的一个工程师，我们要尽量和制造出和生活密切相关的机器，并能够在生
活中起到真正的作用，也只有这样，我们解决和缓解现在社会上的需要，因此，机械工程在今后的社会的发展中，还是会起这重要的作用，特别是我国的这样的情况，工业还不是很发达的情况下，机械可发展的空间更大。
工业革命以前，机械大都是木结构的，由木工用手工制成。 __
的发展，对机械产品的需求猛增。生产批量的增大和精密加工技术的进展，促进了大量生产方法（零件互换性生产、专业分工和协作、流水加工线和流水装配线等）的形成。研究机械产品在制造过程中，尤其是在使用中所产生的环境污染和自然资源过度耗费方面的问题及
其处理措施。这是现代机械工程的一项特别重要的任务，而且其重要性与日俱增。机械产品的应用。这方面包括选择、订购、验收、安装、调整、操作、维护、修理和改造各产业所使用的机械和成套机械装备，以保证机械产品在长期使用中的可靠性和经济性。
做为学生，我们现在最重要的学好专业知识，只有这样，我们才能以后是生活和学习中，才能尽自己的一份力量。
Mechanical engineering
Mechanical engineering is the science of natural science and technology as the theoretical basis of technical production
practice experience, research and address the development, design, manufacture, installation, use and repair of all machinery in the application of theoretical and practical issues disciplines. Machinery of modern society, the five elements of production and services (people, capital, energy, materials and machinery) of, and participation in energy and materials production. Any modern industrial and mechanical engineering applications are required, such as agriculture, forestry, mining and other necessary agricultural machinery, forestry machinery, mining equipment; metallurgy and chemical industry needs metallurgical machinery, chemical machinery; textiles and food processing industry requires, textile machinery, food processing machinery; housing construction and roads, bridges, water and other projects required construction machinery; power industry need to power machinery; transportation needs of various types of vehicles, ships, aircraft, etc.; the measurement of a variety of goods, packaging, storage and handling needs of the corresponding working machinery. Is the people's daily lives, more and more application of machinery, such as the crusher, cars, bicycles, sewing machines, watches, cameras, washing machines, refrigerators, air conditioners, vacuum cleaners, and so on.
The development of various engineering mechanical engineering are required to have a corresponding development of mechanical engineering are required to provide the necessary machinery. Some mechanical invention and improvement has led to new engineering technologies and the emergence of new industries and development, such as large power machinery manufacturing suess, led to the establishment of the power system; lootive and railway invention led to the rise of railway undertakings ; internal bustion engines, gas turbines, rocket engines of invention and progress as well as aircraft and spacecraft led to the suessful development of aviation, aerospace engineering and aviation, the rise of the aerospace industry; high-pressure equipment (including pressors, reactors, sealing technology, etc.) development synthetic chemistry has led to many new project's suess. Mechanical engineering is increasing in all areas under the pressure of demand to gain traction, same time and from various disciplines and technological advances in improved and innovative capacity.
Mechanical Engineering has always been to increase production, improve labor productivity, improve the economics of production, that in order to improve short-term interests of humanity as the goal to research and develop new mechanical products. In the next era, new product development will reduce the consumption of resources, the development of clean renewable energy, governance, reduce or even eliminate the environmental pollution as a super-economic objectives and tasks.
As a school of mechanical engineering in college, I consider mechanical and automation is a very difficult profession, in our school curriculum is a lot of people plain about more difficult, but to learn the mechanical and automation on the premise that those specialized good understand, and then after a lot of practice learning opportunities, grasp, more hands, more brains, not to indulge in those old knowledge to learn to think more about your mind to think about those things usually do not Ask the teacher to know more, four in the big three to take to participate in the internship, what the teacher does not know how to municate as soon as possible and do not pressure in the heart, drawing, the physical, puter must learn learn
these fine, hope that we can learn this door is very difficult course, do not give away because of pressure of course!
翻译：
机械工程
机械工程是以有关的自然科学和技术科学为理论基础，结合生产
实践中的技术经验，研究和解决在开发、设计、制造、安装、运用和修理各种机械中的全部理论和实际问题的应用学科。机械是现代社会进行生产和服务的五大要素（人、资金、能源、材料和机械）之一，并参与能量和材料的生产。任何现代产业和工程领域都需要应用机械，例如农业、林业、矿山等需要农业机械、林业机械、矿山设备；冶金和化学工业需要冶金机械、化工机械；纺织和食品加工工业需要纺织机械、食品加工机械；房屋建筑和道路、桥梁、水利等工程需要工程机械；电力工业需要动力机械；交通运输业需要各种车辆、船舶、飞机等；各种商品的计量、包装、储存、装卸需要各种相应的工作机械。就是人们的日常生活，也越来越多地应用各种机械了，如破碎机、汽车、自行车、缝纫机、钟表、照相机、洗衣机、冰箱、空调机、吸尘器，等等。
各个工程领域的发展都要求机械工程有与之相适应的发展，都需要机械工程提供所必需的机械。某些机械的发明和完善，又导致新的工程技术和新的产业的出现和发展，例如大型动力机械的制造成功，促成了电力系统的建立；机车的发明导致了铁路工程和铁路事业的兴起；内燃机、燃气轮机、火箭发动机等的发明和进步以及飞机和航天器的研制成功导致了航空、航天工程和航空、航天事业的兴起；高压设备（包括压缩机、反应器、密封技术等）的发展导致了许多新型合成化学工程的成功。机械工程就是在各方面不断提高的需求的压力下获得发展动力，同时又从各个学科和技术的进步中得到改进和创新的能力。
机械工程一向以增加生产、提高劳动生产率、提高生产的经济性，即以提高人类的近期利益为目标来研制和发展新的机械产品。在未来的时代，新产品的研制将以降低资源消耗，发展洁净的再生能源，治理、减轻以至消除环境污染作为超经济的目标任务。
作为一名在校的机械专业的大学生，我认为机械和自动化是一个很有难度的专业，在我们也是很多人抱怨课程多，难度大，但是学好机械与自动化的前提就是把那些专业课好好的弄懂，然后在之后的学习中有很多实习的机会，把握住，多动手，多动脑，不要一味的去学那些老旧的知识，要多思考去想那些平时脑海中闪过的东西，不懂要多问问老师，在大三大四的实习中要好好去参与，有什么不懂得要尽
快和老师去沟通，不要压在心里，画图、物理、计算机这些一定要学好学精，希望大家能学好这门很有难度的课程，不要因为课程压力大而去放弃!
Types of Materials
材料的类型
Materials may be grouped in several ways. Scientists often classify materials by their state: solid, liquid, or gas. They also separate them into organic (once living) and inorganic (never living) materials.
材料可以按多种方法分类。科学家常根据状态将材料分为：固体、液体或气体。他们也把材料分为有机材料(曾经有生命的)和无机材料(从未有生命的)。
For industrial purposes, materials are divided into engineering materials or nonengineering materials. Engineering materials are those used in manufacture and bee parts of products.
就工业效用而言，材料被分为工程材料和非工程材料。那些用于加工制造并成为产品组成部分的就是工程材料。
Nonengineering materials are the chemicals, fuels, lubricants, and other materials used in the manufacturing process, which do not bee part of the product.
非工程材料则是化学品、燃料、润滑剂以及其它用于加工制造过程但不成为产品组成部分的材料。
Engineering materials may be further subdivided into: ①Metal ②Ceramics ③Composite ④Polymers, etc.
工程材料还能进一步细分为：①金属材料②陶瓷材料③复合材料④聚合材料，等等。
Metals and Metal Alloys
金属和金属合金
Metals are elements that generally have good electrical and thermal conductivity. Many metals have high strength, high stiffness, and have good ductility.
金属就是通常具有良好导电性和导热性的元素。许多金属具有高强度、高硬度以及良好的延展性。
Some metals, such as iron, cobalt and nickel, are magic. At low temperatures, some metals and intermetallic pounds bee superconductors.
某些金属能被磁化，例如铁、钴和镍。在极低的温度下，某些金属和金属化合物能转变成超导体。
What is the difference between an alloy and a pure metal? Pure metals are elements which e from a particular area of the periodic table. Examples of pure metals include copper in electrical wires and aluminum in cooking foil and beverage cans.
合金与纯金属的区别是什么？纯金属是在元素周期表中占据特定位置的元素。
例如电线中的铜和制造烹饪箔及饮料罐的铝。
Alloys contain more than one metallic element. Their properties can be changed by changing the elements present in the alloy. Examples of metal alloys include stainless steel which is an alloy of iron, nickel, and chromium; and gold jewelry which usually contains an alloy of gold and nickel.
合金包含不止一种金属元素。合金的性质能通过改变其中存在的元素而改变。金属合金的例子有：不锈钢是一种铁、镍、铬的合金，以及金饰品通常含有金镍合金。
Why are metals and alloys used? Many metals and alloys have high densities and are used in applications which require a high mass-to-volume ratio.
为什么要使用金属和合金？许多金属和合金具有高密度，因此被用在需要较高质量体积比的场合。
Some metal alloys, such as those based on aluminum, have low densities and are used in aerospace applications for fuel
economy. Many alloys also have high fracture toughness, which means they can withstand impact and are durable.
某些金属合金，例如铝基合金，其密度低，可用于航空航天以节
约燃料。许多合金还具有高断裂韧性，这意味着它们能经得起冲击并且是耐用的
What are some important properties of metals?
Density is defined as a material’s mass divided by its volume. Most metals have relatively high densities, especially pared to polymers.
金属有哪些重要特性？
密度定义为材料的质量与其体积之比。大多数金属密度相对较高，尤其是和聚合物相比较而言。
Materials with high densities often contain atoms with high atomic numbers, such as gold or lead. However, some metals such as aluminum or magnesium have low densities, and are used in
applications that require other metallic properties but also require low weight.
高密度材料通常由较大原子序数原子构成，例如金和铅。然而，诸如铝和镁之类的一些金属则具有低密度，并被用于既需要金属特性又要求重量轻的场合。
Fracture toughness can be described as a material’s ability to avoid fracture, especially when a flaw is introduced. Metals can generally contain nicks and dents without weakening very much, and are impact resistant. A football player counts on this when he trusts that his facemask won’t shatter.
断裂韧性可以描述为材料防止断裂特别是出现缺陷时不断裂的能力。金属一般能在有缺口和凹痕的情况下不显著削弱，并且能抵抗冲击。橄榄球运动员据此相信他的面罩不会裂成碎片。
Plastic deformation is the ability of bend or deform before breaking.
As engineers, we usually design materials so that they don’t deform under normal conditions. You don’t want your car to lean to the east after a strong west wind.
塑性变形就是在断裂前弯曲或变形的能力。作为工程师，设计时通常要使材料在正常条件下不变形。没有人愿意一阵强烈的西风过后自己的汽车向东倾斜。
However, sometimes we can take advantage of plastic deformation. The crumple zones in a car absorb energy by undergoing plastic deformation before they break.
然而，有时我们也能利用塑性变形。汽车上压皱的区域在它们断裂前通过经历塑性变形来吸收能量。
The atomic bonding of metals also affects their properties. In metals, the outer valence electrons are shared among all atoms, and are free to travel everywhere. Since electrons conduct heat and electricity, metals make good cooking pans and electrical wires.
金属的原子连结对它们的特性也有影响。在金属内部，原子的外
层阶电子由所有原子共享并能到处自由移动。由于电子能导热和导电，所以用金属可以制造好的烹饪锅和电线。
It is impossible to see through metals, since these valence electrons absorb any photons of light which reach the metal. No photons pass through.
因为这些阶电子吸收到达金属的光子，所以透过金属不可能看得见。没有光子
内容仅供参考