附录3 语法项目一览——2017年版《普通高中课程标准》英语

附录3 语法项目一览

说明：

不带*号的项目是义务教育阶段学习过的项目（参见2011版《义务教育英语课程标准》）。这些项目还会大量出现在高中阶段更加丰富的语境中，是高中必修课程应该熟练掌握的内容。带*号的项目是高中必修课程要求学习和掌握的项目。带**号的项目是选择性必修课程要求学习和掌握的项目。带***号的项目是选修课程（提高类）要求学习和掌握的项目。

一、词类

1. 名词

（1）可数名词及其单、复数

（2）不可数名词

（3）专有名词

（4）名词所有格

2. 动词

（1）动词的基本形式

（2）及物动词和不及物动词

（3）系动词

（4）助动词

（5）情态动词

3. 形容词

（1）形容词的基本形式

（2）形容词的比较级和最高级

4. 副词

（1）副词的基本形式

（2）副词的比较级和最高级

5. 代词

（1）人称代词

（2）物主代词

（3）反身代词

（4）指示代词

（5）不定代词

（6）疑问代词

6. 数词

（1）基数词

（2）序数词

7. 介词

8. 连词

9. 冠词

10. 感叹词

二、构词法

1. 合成法

2. 派生法

3. 转化法

4. 缩写和简写

三、句法

1.句子种类

（1）陈述句

（2）疑问句

a. 一般疑问句

b. 特殊疑问句

c. 选择疑问句

d. 附加疑问句

（3）祈使句

（4）感叹句

2. 句子成分：按结构分类** （1）名词短语

（2）动词短语

（3）形容词短语

（4）副词短语

（5）介词短语

3. 句子成分：按功能分类

（1）主语（S）

（2）谓语（指谓语部分的主要动词，也称谓词）（V）（3）宾语（O）

（4）补语（C）

（5）状语（A）

（6）表语（P）

（7）定语（Attr.）

4. 基本句型

（1）主谓（主语+谓词，下同）（SV）

The bus is coming.

（2）主（系）表（SP）

Amy is kind.

（3)主谓宾（SVO）

John opened the fridge.

（4）主谓宾宾（SVOO）

Uncle bought me a new dictionary.

（5）主谓宾补（SVOC）

Most students have found her helpful.

（6）主谓状（SV A）

The children stayed in the room.

（7）主谓宾状（SVOA）

You can put the dish here.

（8）存现句

There is a tree behind the shop.

5. 谓语动词的时态

（1）一般现在

（2）一般过去

（3）一般将来

（4）现在进行

（5）过去进行

（6）现在完成

（7）过去将来*

（8）将来进行**

（9）过去完成**

(10）现在完成进行**

6. 被动语态

（1）一般现在时的被动语态

（2）一般过去时的被动语态

（3）一般将来时的被动语态

（4）现在进行时的被动语态*

（5）现在完成时的被动语态*

（6）过去进行时的被动语态**

（7）过去完成时的被动语态**

7.动词的非谓语形式

（1）动词不定式（作宾语、补语、目的状语、定语*、结果状语*、主语**、表语**）

（2）动词的-ing形式（作定语*、状语*、补语*、主语**、宾语**、表语**）

（3）动词的-ed形式（作定语*、状语*、补语*、表语**）

8. 主谓一致

9. 并列复合句

10. 主从复合句

（1）宾语从句

（2）状语从句

（3）定语从句

a. 由关系代词that、which、who、whom、whose和关系副词when、where、why引导的限制性定语从句*

b. 由关系代词which、who、whom、whose和关系副词when和where引导的非限制性定语从句**

（4）主语从句**

（5）表语从句**

（6）同位语从句***

11. 省略*

12. 倒装***

13. 强调***

14. 虚拟语气***

2017年版《普通高中课程标准》英语解读

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