初中英语笔记大全(精华版)

初中英语笔记大全（精华版）

● This is the key to the door .这是开门的钥匙。 ●

??

?

??电话号码电话号码

at .sth .sb call call sb. = phone sb. = ring sb. up please give me a call .请打电话给我 ● family 指家庭时是单数，谓语动词用“is ”，family 指家人时是复数，谓语动词用“are ”。 ● of 表示无生命物体的所有格，s 表示有生命物体的所有格。有生命物体的所有格也可以用of ，但有生命物体后要加“s ”。

● 以副词there 或here 开头的句子常要倒装，以示强调。

● What’s your name, please? = Could you tell me your name, please? = May I have your name, please?

● Nice to meet you. = Glad to meet you. = Pleased to meet you. ● 写启示的方法：

1.启示的主题；

2.描述细节；

3.留下联系方式。

● 表示惊讶、忧伤、微怒、失望等，可以用dear 作感叹词。

●

名词如果有数量词修饰它，使用谓语动词适应看他的数量词，如： ??

?

keys of sets two are here keys of set a is here

● get to somewhere (get home 除外)到达…… ●

??

?)无生命物体的“有”(

is there )

有生命物体的“有”( have 有 ● 肯定：Let+宾语（人称代词的宾格或名词）+ V 原型+……

否定：Don’t let +宾语+V 原型+……/Let + 宾语 + not + V 原型+…… ● have 表示“有”时才可以用来提问或写成否定“haven’t”。 ●

??

?????？ you will 问： )

听话的人include 不(us Let ？

we shall 问： )说话的人和听话的人(include s Let' ●

● myself （我自己） yourself （你自己） himself （他自己） herself （她自己） itself （它自己） ourselves （我们自己） yourselves （你们自己） themselves （他们自己） ● How much + be + 商品？（答：It’s/They’re……） = What is the price of ……？

（答：It ’s……）

●cent 美分 One dollar =100 cents

●other(两者中的另一个) another（三者中的另一个）

●越接近物品本身性质的形容词越靠近物品，如：big blue hat

●帮助某人做某事

help sb. (to) do sth.

help sb. with sth.

with the help (n.) of sb. e.g. He studies math well, with the help of teacher.

●一般将来时的一般形式：主语+will+动词原形+……

●Can I help you? = What can I do for you? = (Is there) anything I can do for you? ●

●

●“hundred，thousand”与基数词一起表示具体数字时不加“s”。

hundreds of 上百 thousands of 上千

●buy sth. for sb. = buy sb.（间接宾语） sth.（直接宾语）为某人买某物

●any body 在肯定句中表示任何人，在否定句和疑问句中不是。

●for表示动词的对象或接受者，表示用途，表示目的，表示等价交换或标注价格，表示

时间持续多久，表示距离，表示理由或原因。

●

There are many trees on each side of the road

There are many trees on both sides of the road

●the price is low(high) 价格低（高）

●

●

●

●

●

●

●kind of ……有几分……如：The elephants are kind of cute.

●含有think的宾语从句中如果从句中有否定，要否定前移，如：She doesn’t think they

are boring.(她认为他们不无聊)

●问：How are you？

答：I’m fine. (我很好。)/Just so so.(一般般。)

●表示时间、价格、距离的名词作主语，谓语动词用单数。如：Two dollars is enough(足

够)。

●怎么判断双音节单词中第一个音节是开音节还是闭音节：双音节单词中的两个元音是两

个音节的中心，元音是由元音字母或元音字母组合发出的音，因此，首先找到单词中的两个元音字母或元音字母组合，两个中心就清楚了。两个中心之间的辅音字母（不是字母组合）则分别划归两个音节，第一个音节即为闭音节，如果两个中心之间的辅音字母为双写字母（包括“r”），分别划归前后，第一个音节按闭音节读音。如：

paper /’peip?/ (pa为开音节) member /’memb?/ (mem为闭音节) happy /’h?pi/ (hap为闭音节) sorry /’s?ri/ (sor为闭音节) certainly /’s?:tnil/

●I am sorry. I can’t go with you. （对不起。我不能和你一起去。）

●Thanks. / Thank you. / Thank you very much. / Thank a lot. / Many thanks.

●You are welcom e. / That’s OK. / That’s all right.

●It’s my pleasure. / With pleasure. （这是我的荣幸。）

●make friend with sb. （和……交朋友）

●Thanks for + n. / v.ing = Thanks sb. for + n. / v.ing

●below 在……下方（非正下方）

反义词：above 在……上面（非正上方，没有接触面）

under 在……下面（正下方）

反义词：on（有接触面），over（没有接触面）在……上面（正上方）

●keep + sth. + adj. 使某物保持某状态。

keep + adj. 保持某状态。

●表示请求、建议、希望得到对方肯定回答的疑问句用“some”。

●问：Let……

答：OK. / All right. / That’s a good idea. / That sounds good. / Sorry.

●sport用来修饰名词要变为sports。

●play + the + 乐器 Erhu除外

●be动词后叫表语，修饰名词叫定语，修饰动词叫状语，前后两词对等叫同位语。

●人民币和日元变复数不变，其他要。

●be good with sb. = get on well with sb. 与某人相处的很好

●问：How often does Rick run on weekend?

答：Rick usually runs on weekend.

●always(总是) usually(通常) often（经常） sometime（有时） seldom（很少）

never（从不）

●频度副词放在be动词或助动词之后，实意动词或行为动词之前。

●感叹句：

What + (a/an) + adj. + n. + (主) + （谓）！

如：What beautiful flowers they are!

How + adj. /adv. + (主) + （谓）！

如：How beautiful the flowers are!

●Can you think what his job is? 含有宾语从句的复合句，宾语从句的从句必须是陈

述句。

●Start to do sth. 开始做某事

●be famous for……因……出名

●

●

●

●for + 时间段……做某事持续多久

●问：How long do you have volleyball?

答：I have volleyball for two hours.

●ask sb. some questions. 问某人一些问题

ask sb. to do sth. 叫某人做某事

●no =not any

●because不和so同时使用，although(尽管)不和but同时使用。

●

●

neither：两者中的任何一个都不。

●用“may”提问的句子回答用can/can ‘ t或must / mustn’ t;用“can”提问的句

子回答用can/can’t;用“must”提问的句子回答用need/needn’t.

如：1. May I park my car here?

Yes, you can / must. / No, you can’t / mustn’t.

2. Can I watch TV?

Yes, you can. / No, you can’t.

3. Must I clean the classroom this morning?

Yes, you need. / No, you needn’t.

●be afraid of doing sth. / be afraid of sth. 害怕做某事/某物

●be fond of = like

●make a continuation to sth. 对……有贡献

●do well in = be good at 擅长……

●比较级 + and + 比较级越来越……

●give back = return 归还

●法国人单数：Frenchman/Frenchwoman

英国人单数：Englishman/Englishwoman

Chinese和Japanese单复数同形

●in the world 在世界上

all over the world / around the world / the whole word 全世界 ● in the school 在学校里 in school 在学校学习 ● outside 在……外面

outside the gate to the park 在公园门外 ● turning 转角

● go down + …… 沿着 …… 路走

go straight down + …… 沿着 …… 路直走 ● enjoy doing sth. 喜欢做某事

enjoy oneself = have a good time = have fun ● take a walk = go for a walk = have a walk ●

the beginning of ……的开始

at the beginning of 强调在……开始的那一刻 in the beginning 起初，一开始 from the beginning 开始时

from beginning to end 从开始到结束 ● visit + 地点、参观某地

a visit to + 地点、参观某地

● have fun doing sth. 做……很开心

● 地点 + is a great place to do sth. ……是一个做……的地方 ● be busy with sth. 忙于某事 ●

the way to ……去……的路

on the way to + 地点 在去……的路上

on one’s way to + 地点 某人在去……的路上 on my way to home 在我回家的路上

●

把某物递给某人sth. sb. pass sb.

to sth. pass ???

●

??

?++++小地方

at 大地方

in arrive ● ??

?

??school reach school to get school at arrive 到达学校

● 主语 + hope(that) + 从句

主语 + hope + to do sth. ● live on ……靠……为生

●

{{{???

??????++??

?++主语为人

主语为物（强调金钱）

时间、金钱主语为人时间、金钱做某事要花某人多少时间、金钱主语为物花费pay yuan. 3 me costs book This cost sth. doing sth./(in)on spend spend sth. do .to sb. It takes take ●

● ●

??

?

??触面指从上空穿过、没有接指从内部穿过

面指在表面穿过、有接触over through across ● Why not do sth. ？ 表建议：为什么不做……呢？

Why don’t you do sth. ? 表疑问：你为什么不要……？ ●

??

?++代词

名词短语名词句子

//because because ?

?

?illness. the of because school to go t didn' I ill. was I because school

to go t didn' I ，，如 ●

.n of kinds all of kinds many of kind a adj. of kind +??

?

?

???

+

如：People like this kind of animals, because they’re kind of cute.

● in the south of 在……南部

● asleep 睡着的 adj. fall asleep 入睡 be asleep 正睡着 ● be friendly to sb. 对某人友好

● don’t forget to do sth. 不要忘记做某事 ●

tell sb. to do sth. 叫某人去做某事

tell sb. not to do sth. 叫某人不去做某事 ● ??

?停下正在做的是

事停下正在做的，去做某 sth. doing stop sth.

do to stop ● 介词 + doing sth.

● would like to do sth. 想要做某事

● Which place do you live in = Where do you live ? ● Isn’t he cute ? 否定疑问句

● Sam wants to play basketball, doesn’t he ? 翻译疑问句 ● Why not do sth. ? = Why don’t you do sth. ? ● practice doing sth. 练习做某事 ● use sth. to do sth.

● 比较级中的代词用that ， 如：The map of Beijing is better than that of Tianjin. ● said to oneself 自言自语

● be careful not to do sth. 小心别做某事 ●

do one’s best 尽某人的全力

● ??

???看不出原材料的

看得出原材料的

制作的由 from make be of made be ● be satisfied with …… 对……满意 ● be full of 满是…… ●

??

?在外部的前面

在内部的前面

of front in of front in the ● 条件状语从句：主语为将来时，从句为一般现在时。如：We’ll have a sports meeting

if it doesn’t rain t omorrow.

● It’s (形式主语) + adj. + （for sb.） + to do sth.(主语) 做某事怎么样。

如：It’s important for him to play the piano . 弹钢琴对他很重要。 It’s + adj. + of sb. to do sth. （adj.应为sb.的本身性质） 如：It’s kind of you to help me. 你帮助了我，你真好。 ● go across the bridge 过桥 ● in + 时间段（将来时）多久后 ●

??

???（放在时间后）（放在时间前）之后，多久之后在later

after

● What does she do ? = What’s she? = What’s her job? ●

?

?

?(CN) job UN)work

（ ●

???

??

?

?一些时间几次间某时，某个不确定的时频度副词；有时 time some times some sometime sometimes 如：I hope I can visit Hong Kong sometime. ●

从某人那里得到某物

间接宾语）直接宾语，给某人某物（.sb from .sth get .sb .sth sb. to .sth give .sth .sb give ?????? ●

??

?穿上

穿的状态on put wear

● talk to / with sb. 与某人交谈 ●

??

?脱离危险

处于危险中

danger of out be danger in be ● be out 外出 ●

??

?叫某人做某事问某人某事sth.

do to .sb ask .sth .sb ask ● waitress 女服务员

●

??

? sth.work with

sb.work with

工作与某物有关与某人工作 ● be late for …… 做……迟到了

●

花需要被浇水。

如：需要被需要做某事

需要某物

（实义动词） . watering need flowers The doing need sth. do to need sth. need need ??

?

????

● learn by oneself = teach oneself 自学 ●

??

? sth. do to sb.teach .sth sb.teach 教某人去做某事

教某人某事

●

???

??

?

?阅读强调看的过程、动作强调看的结果长时间的看看 read look see watch

● show sb. sth. = show sth. to sb. ● lately 最近 ●

??

???迫不及待地想要做某事等待做某事

看到某人正做某事 sth. do to cawt wait sth. do wait to sth. doing .sb see ● thanks for + n. / 动名词

● 表语一般放在be 动词后，定语一般放在名词前。 ● be with sb. 与某人在一起 ●

??

?=可以指人，也可以指物

指人 one every body

every one every ● 描述头发：漂亮 + 长短 + 形状 + 颜色

描述人的长相：have / has + …… hair / eyes / ears / mouth / nose …… is / am / are + tall / short / thin / heavy / good-looking / of medium height …… ● strong 的反义词：weak 虚弱的 ● love to do sth. 喜爱做某事

● wear 用进行时态时表示短时间内的状态。

如：Miss Li is wearing a new dress today. 李老师今天穿着一件新裙子。 ● popular 流行；受欢迎的 pop 流行

●

???????

??漂亮；英俊的相貌不好看的；相貌丑相貌平平

性或物）外在美或内在美（指女

）外在美（指男性或女性

handsome

looking -ugly looking -ordinary beautiful looking -good

● kind of = a little bit + adj. / adv. = a little bit of + n. ●

??

???别和别人开这种玩笑和某人开玩笑

给某人讲笑话 others with jokes of kind such m ake t Don' sb. with joke a m ake joke .sb tell ● 多个形容词修饰名词时，顺序为：限定词（the ；a ……） 数词 描绘词 （大小、长

短、形状、新旧、颜色） 出处 材料性质、类别 名词

??

???.car sports Japanese expensive an . school medical German famous a . table round small a 如： ●

?

?

?记得做过某事记得去做某事 sth. doing remember sth. do o remember t

●

?

?

?. did students The - classroom

the cleaned Who -？ ●

??

?

????????all at like t don't doesn'little

a like much lot / very a like ）一点都不喜欢：（有一点喜欢：特别喜欢： ● outgoing 外向的

● What fine weather it is ！ = How fine the weather is ！ ●

??

?

??+++sth. do to sb. sth. do to sth. like would

●

??????

????????

? I but to like d I / to.like d I Yes - sth. do to like you Would -. thanks No / . please Yes - sth. like you Would -，’’

，？，，？ ● round the world 全世界 ● junk food 垃圾食物

●

.

late being for reasons your me give /sth. doing for reason the give sth.for reason the give sth. do reason to

a make 如：做某事的理由

给出某事为做某事编一个理由??

?

?????

● be on a visit (n.) to …… = visit (v.) …… ● stay + adj. 保持……

● 熟能生巧

如：没有perfect makes Practice practise)(n.)( practice sth. /doing pron. / n. .)v ( practice practice .)v (practise ??

?

??+=

●

??

?

??mountain the of foot at the mountain the up way half mountain the of top on the 在山脚下在半山腰在山顶上 ● be angry with sb.

● ????

?

?

??

?

??+++??

?++???+++++钱物金钱人金钱时间人做某事花某人多少时间时间 sb.cost .sb sth.for pay sth. doing (in)sth.on / spend sth. do to sb. It takes

● most of …… ……中的大多数 ●

??

?+)

.(sth doing ).(sth do .sth /.sb watch 看见正在做看见经常做或做过

●

??

?

??sth. do to sb.for sth.

for sth. do to time is It ● He doesn’t want to do anything. = He wants to do nothing. ● Help oneself to sth. 受……欢迎 ● play a joke on sb. 和某人开玩笑 ● dress sb. 为某人穿衣打扮 ● 动词原型及其过去式 ●

to + v.（不定式）

可加可不加

的不定式省略 sth. do (to) sb. help sth. do sb. have sth. do sb.let sth. do sb. make to ??

?

??

● another + n.（单） | |

●

??

???sth. doing fun have sth. do fun to s 'it sth. do to sb. like would

● It’s time for sb. to do sth.

● be worry (adj.) about (担心……) = worry (v.) about ●

??

?结束去做某件事继续做同一件事 sth.

do on to go sth.

doing on go ●

● so ……that 如此……以致 ● discuss with sb. sth.

● ??

?

??sth. doing sb.watch sth. doing sb. see sth. doing sb. find

● ?

?

?)sth.( do sb. see )sth.( doing sb.

see 看见整个过程经过时看到正在做 ● as soon as 一 …… 就 ● Stand sth. ● Maybe adv.

● exercise (v.) = do exercise (n.) / do sports

●

??

?(cn.)][ exercises eyes

/ morning Do healthier.

be you will , (un.) exercise more Do 有修饰词作为 ●

● How often

How many How much

How long 时间多久 How far 距离多远

How soon 多快 例：How soon will you come back ？ In two days. How many times 多少次 ● result for do sth. ● want sb. to do sth. ●

??

?感到谁很有趣

东西令人觉得很有趣 intered g interestin

● Thanks for doing sth. ●

??

?尝试做某事尽力做某事 sth. doing thy

sth.

do try to ●

??

?.)

un (fruit .)cn ( vegetable

● be different from 与……不同

● look after = take care of 照顾（重视） ●

??

?adj.healthy

n.health

● style 风格、方式 ●

??

?直观的分数

评价

mark grade ● ?

?

?sth. with sb. help sth. (v.) do (to) sb.

help ● the old 老人

● kind person 热心人 ● the same as 与……一样 ● kind of = a little (bit)

● keep in good healthy = keep healthy ● make a plan for 为……做计划

●

although = though 让步状语从句：虽然、尽管

●

???????????????

??雨下很大

努力地努力的硬的难的 hard rainy s It' hard work .adv working -hard stone hard a job hard a .adj hard ●

??

???????+student

a be may He student a is he Maybe ).(v .v be may .

adv maybe 例原情态 ● be good at sth. / doing sth.

● advice (un.) 建议 a piece of advice. ●

?

?

?部位后连续疼痛，多加在身体肌肉引发炎症，酸痛

ache sore ● lots of = a lot of

● ????

????????=fine .adj .adv well fine good 表示身体好

● ？

’？’？’

？’sb. to happened s What sb. with .) wrong(adj s What sb. with trouble the s What sb.h matter wit the s What ??

?

??

●

??

?令人感到疲劳

主观感受到疲劳 tieing .)adj ( tired .)n (tire

● certainly 当然

● sound like + 名词 / 名词词组

● ???????完成时

一段时间，常用于现在时某个时候，常用于将来几次时有时，常用于一般现在 time some sometime times some sometimes

● want sb. to do sth. 想要某人做某事 = would like sb. to do sth. ●

??

?尽力不做某事尽力做某事 sth. do not to

try sth.

do try to ● hope 表示有可能实现的愿望。hope to do sth.希望去做某事；hope + that 从句（that

可以省略）。另外，hope 后面+so 表示“希望如此”；hope not 表示“希望不是这样。wish 表示的愿望有点难实现。wish to do sth.希望做某事；wish sb. to do sth.希望某人做某事；wish that 从句，从句所表示的希望一般是不可能实现的，故用虚拟语气。 ●

??

?(adj.) balanced of

balance a ●

??

?.)

n (tradition .)

adj ( l traditiona ●

??

?++句子

名词短语

像example for like ● Need sth. / to do sth.

● Be good for sth. / doing sth. ● get 变得 ●

??

?+)

v.(may (adv.)

maybe 原 ● be …… with sth.

● ??

?

??+++adj.much too n.(cn)many too (un) n.much too

● western 西方的

● 形式主语→It’s + adj. to do sth. ● improve 提高

● have a pain in the + 身体部位 ●

名词修饰名词：①修饰词总为单数

②woman man 跟着所修饰词单复数变化 ③sport 作为修饰词总为复数 ● there be + 主语 + doing sth.

● if ：条件状语从句，用一般现在时表将来时。

●

{??

?

?

????boy.

sick a is This sick. is boy The sick ill. is boy The ill 定语：表语：表语： ● 不擅长：be weak is 擅长：be good at

● Angry with sb. about sb. 为某事生某人的气。 ● for 表目的，例：We come here for vacation.

● ??

?

?????sth.

doing (in)sth.on spend sb. sb. with time spend spend 花时间在某人身上花费

● 将来时：1. will + v.(原)

2. be going to do sth.

3. 用现在进行时表将来时??

?计划好的事

有方向性的词

●

??

?babysat

g

babysittin babysit ● sb. pay 钱 for sth.

●

on

.adj morning.

cold a on leaving is He .

th 28 of morning on the leaving is He morning. in the leaving is He 修饰表示天气气候用有???

???? ● go away 离开

● Have a good time = Enjoy yourself ● send sb. sth. = send sth. to sb. ●

show sb. sth. = show sth. to sb.

●

● {?

?

?

?????????song. his for famous is Jaychou beach. beautiful for the famous is Shantou for famous be singer. a as famous is Jaychou as famous be .)( famous 而出名因出名作为adj

● think (过去式：thought) ：think about sth. / doing sth. 思考……

● think of ：想起

● decide (决定) to do sth. / on sth. / on doing sth.

● 在某大洲中心in ：Greece is in Europe.（European 欧洲的）

● leave somewhere 离开某地 —————— leave for somewhere 离开去某地 ● plan →planned →planning ● natural 自然的

● finish doing sth. 完成某事 ● hope to do sth. / 从句

●

???

???

??sth.plan sth. do plan to .v .n plan

● I can’t wait to do sth. 我迫不及待想做某事 ● the number of ……的数量 ● depend on 依赖于

● in the mountain 在山区

●

以致如此???????

??

to too that so

● keep + 宾语 + adj.（宾补）

● ??

?????

?closed ) adj. closed (adj.v.open is windows The 关着的开着的

● decide to do sth. / on sth. /on doing sth. ● 宾语从句：陈述句语序

● get to = reach = arrive in / at ● Would / Will you please + v(原) ● sit at the table 用餐

● the final(adj. 最后的) exam 期末考试 ● How 提问方式方法

●

s 前面加确数不加十亿 billion 百万 million 千 thousand ??

???????? ● △A

地 + is + 距离 + (away) from B 地 △有具体距离不再用far

??

?school.my from (away)

kilometers 10 home My school.my from (away)

far is home My It’s + 距离 + from A to B

划线部分提问：

It’s ten kilometres from my home to school. How far is it from your home to school ？ ● It take sb.……to do sth. 例：It takes him about 10 minutes to ride to the station. ● ride 车程 ：An hour’s bus ride will take you there.

●

??

? walk.

minutes 10 s It'.

kilometers 10 s It' school to home your from it is far How ？ ● final = at last =in the end

● not all （部分否定）并非所有：Not all students are here.

● ?

?? (adj.) difference from (adj.)different

be

●

??

?spend. to going are you money much how on depends

It weather.on the depends

It depend 决定 ●

??

?

??不能是可能

肯定推测

t can' be may be must ● a lot / far / much 用来修饰比较级表示差别程度大，差别程度小用 a bit / a little ●

n.(pl.) of number large great / a of number small a of number a +?

??

???少数的许多

● What do you think of ？ = How do you like ？ ● need （实义动词） + sth. / to do sth.

● the number of ……的数量，谓动用单数（is ）The number of the students is 100.

● worry （v.））

（.adj worry

be t Don'

● invite (v.) → invitation (n.)

● ?

??+++++++谓主谓主.adj How ).(n .adj )an /a (What

●

??

??

?

????

?00.5 before home get to have t don' She do https://www.sodocs.net/doc/243995691.html,st 00:12 untill study to had I 00.5 before home get to has She to have ：：③否定借助动词：②人称及时态变化①不得不（客观）

● discuss sth. 讨论某事

●

??

?

??.adv &.adj fast .

adj quick soon 移动速度快反应快间隔快

●

训练员训练火车trainer .)n (training .v .n train →→?

?????

●

??

?照的照片：这是的照片：这是一张照Tom photo

s Tom' is This Tom Tom of photo

a is This

● on one’s way to ： 谁在前往……的路上

by the way ： 顺便提一下 in ……ways ： 方面

Excuse , you’re in m y way ： 你挡到我了 ●

th 24 the Oct.Oct.th 24th 24 )the ( Oct.读：???

?? ●

一个整体

days two another

●

● enjoy doing sth.

● be good at = as …… as ● sth. do sb. make to （原型）的不定式：省略

●

????

?

??

?????++==+= / v.adv. / adj. lot a n. of s lot' of lot a bit a adj. of

bit a n. little a ●

??

?：像：喜欢prop.

v.

like ●

?

?

?++对手项目奖项

beat win ● on the farm : 在农场上 ● take part in = join in ● like helping others ● however △

, = but

●

????

????????=？宾格：？主格：谁的宾格谁

with going you are Whom best the is Who who who whom whose who ● make sb. adj. (宾补) ● lie →lying

● another + 数字 + 复数名词 ●

by plane = by air

● break →broke →broken

● be + 过去分词 → 被动语态 ●

??

?it

do to How do What to

● healthy →healthier ●

?

?

?→→beat beat won

win ●

????

?

?

??

?????

???

?=?? g interestin sth. doing sth.in interested be interested lot. a me interests movie This .v .n interest 感兴趣：使 ● ????

???=carefully

adj.careful adj.after look of care take n.about

care .v care ：：：：

●

would like to do sth.

● You’d better do sth. / not do sth. ● view [vju:] n. 观点 ● face to face 面对面

●

another 在做形容词时意为“又一个，再一个，另外的”，其后可以接可数名词的单数或复数。如：I have another two books to read. ● another ，the other ，others ，the others

① another 既可作形容词又可作代词，泛指“再一个，又一个”，表示“总数为三个或

三个以上中任意的另一个”，表示泛指，可以单独使用；作定语时，修饰可数名词单数，其前不加冠词。

如：This dress is dirty ，please change another one for me. ② the other 表示“两个中的另一个”，表示特指，总数为两个；它可以单独使用，也

可用the other + 可数名词单数。

如：His parents both work in a hospital. One is a doctor and the other is a nurse.

③ others 用于泛指一些人或事物中其他的，可单独使用或用other + 可数名词复数

来代替。注意others 后面不可直接加名词。

如：Some students like English and other students (others) like physics. ④ the others 指一定范围内其余所有的人或物，表示特指。

如：This dictionary is better than the others.

● 形容词、副词的比较级

1. 比较级的定义

大多数形容词都有三个级别：原级、比较级、最高级。其中比较级表示“更……”，用于两者之间的比较，用来说明“前者比后者更……”。比较级前面一般用much ，even ，a little修饰。

2.比较级的构成

(1)规则变化

①单音节和部分双音节的形容词或副词一般在词尾加er

如：calm—calmer tall—taller smart—smarter

②以字母e结尾的直接在词尾加r

如：nice—nicer fine—finer large—larger

③以辅音+y结尾的词，变y为i，再加er

如：early—earlier happy—happier busy—busier

④以重读闭音节的单个辅音字母结尾的词，双写辅音字母，再加er

如：big—bigger thin—thinner hot—hotter

⑤多音节或部分双音节的形容词在原级前面加more

如：popular—more popular important—more important

(2)不规则变化

少数形容词、副词的比较级变化是不规则的：good—better bad/ill—worse

many/much—more little—less far—farther/further old—older/elder 3.比较级的用法

(1)当两个人或事物（A和B）进行比较时，我们需要用到形容词或副词的原级或比

较级。

①表达“A和B一样”，用as……as的结构。

公式：A + be动词 + as + 形容词原级 + as + B

A + 实义动词 + as + 副词原级 + as + B

如：I am as tall as you.

He runs as fast as I.

②表达“A不如B”用not as/so…as的结构。

公式：A + be动词的否定形式 + as + 形容词原级 + as +B

A + 助动词的否定形式 + 动词 + as + 副词原级 + as + B

如：I am not as tall as you.

He doesn’t run as fas t as I.

③表达“A大于B”用“比较级+than”的结构

公式：A + be动词 + 形容词比较级 + than + B

A + 实义动词 + 副词比较级 + than + B

如：I am taller than you.

He runs faster than I.

(2)关于形容词、副词比较级的更多用法

①比较级前面可以加上表示“优劣程度”的词或短语，意思是“更……”，“……

得……”。常见词有much ，a little ，even ，a lot ，a great deal等。

如：He is much taller than I.

I jump a little higher than he.

②比较级前面可以加上表示具体数量差别的结构，表示具体“大多少”，“长

多少”，“短多少”等。

如：I am two years older than he.

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awake(adj.)→wake (v.)醒来→sleep (v.)睡觉→asleep(adj.)睡着的→sleepy(adj.)困倦的 B bad(adj.)→badly (adv.)差；严重地 beautiful (adj.)→beautifully (adv.)美好地；漂亮地→beauty (n.)美；美丽beauty(n.)→beautiful(adj.)美丽的 begin(v.)→beginning(n.)开头；开端 behave(v.)→behavior (n.)表现；举止 believe (v.)→believable (adj.) 可信任的→unbelievable (反义词adj.) 难以置信的 big(adj.)→large/huge (同义词adj.)巨大的；大的→small (反义词adj.)小的；小号的 birth(n.)→birthday (n.)生日→bear (v.)出生→born (过去分词)出生 bored(adj.)→boring (adj.)令人感到厌倦的 borrow (v.)→lend(反义词v.) 借出；借给 break(n.&v.)→broken (adj.)破损的

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Unit1小结笔记 一、重点单词guitar, sing, swim, dance, join, club, story, violin, people, center, teach, musician. 二、形转换：music(人) tooth（复数）swim （ing形式）art(人) piano (人) teach(人) 三、短语：play chess, play the guitar, swimming club, speak English, be good at, play the drums, play the piano, play the violin, a little, do Chinese kungfu, tell stories, sounds good, students wanted, make friends, talk to sb, the girl in red, on the weekend/on weekends, English-speaking students, 四、句子： 1. can you swim?以及回答 2. what club do you want to join? 五、语法结构： 1. can 的用法 Can you swim?—yes, I can. Tom can sing well. I can’t draw. 2. want to do sth = would like to do sth She wants to play soccer.=She would like to play soccer. 3. be good at/ with/for 4. help sb (to)do sth=help sb with sth He often helps me (to)study English.=He often helps me with my English. 5.play basketball, play the guitar, play with snow, Unit2小结笔记 一、重点单词：usually, forty, never, early, job, funny, exercise, best, clean, sometimes , taste, life 二、词形变换: tooth(复数) early （反义词）job（同义词）run（名词）life（复数）三、短语： get up, get dressed, take a shower, radio station, at night, on weekends, half an hour, a quarter to ten, do one’s homework, take a walk, either…or…, lots of, go to school/work, an interesting job, eat dinner, half past six, go home, go to bed early, eat quickly, get home, after school, 四、句子: 1、what time do you usually get up?

人教版新目标初中英语八年级下册Unit7学霸笔记

Unit7 what’s the highest mountain in the world? 【词汇解析】 square [skwe?(r)] n. 平方，正方形，广场meter [?mi:t?] n. 米 deep [di:p] adj. 深的 desert [?dez?t] n. 沙漠 population [?p?pju?lei??n] n. 人口(数量）1.population的用法 population n. （集合名词）“人口；人口数量” ①基数词+percent of the population are…. 百分之几的人口…… ②询问人口有多少？ What’s the population of ……? ③形容人口多用big/large 形容人口少用small Asia [?e???] n. 亚洲 feel free （可以）随便（做某事) 2.feel free to do sth. 随意地做某事 tour [tu?] n. 旅行，观光 tourist n. 游客 wall [w?:l] n. 墙 3. in the wall 在墙里（指内部） on the wall 在墙上（指表面上）amazing [??me?z??] adj. 令人惊异的 4. amazing ~ing修饰人 amazed ~ed修饰物 ancient [?e?n??nt] adj. 古代的，古老的ancient emperors 古代帝王 protect [pr??tekt] v. 保护 protection [pr??tek?n] n. 保护，保卫 5.protect…from 保护……免受伤害wide [wa?d] adj. 宽的，广阔的 as far as I know 就我所知 achieve [??t?i:v] v. 完成，实现 achieve one’ s dream 实现某人的梦想6.辨析achieve & come true achieve =realize v. 实现达到 sb. achieve/realize +梦想 come true 多指梦想、蓝图、计划等实现 梦想+come true achievement [??t?i:vm?nt] n. 成就，成绩southwestern [sa?θ'west?n] adj. 西南的,西南方向的 thick [θ?k] adj. 厚的，浓的 include [?n?klu:d] v. 包括，包含 freezing [?fri:z??] adj. 极冷的，冷冻的condition [k?n?d??n] n. 条件，状况freezing weather conditions 冰冻的天气条件take in 吸入，吞入 succeed [s?k?si:d] v. 成功，实现目标，完成7. succeed in doing sth. 成功地干某事 successful adj. 成功的 success n. 成功 challenge [?t??l?nd???] n. & v. 挑战，考验in the face of 面对（问题，困难） force [f?:s] n. 力，力量 the forces of nature 自然界的力量nature ['ne?t??(r)] n. 自然界，大自然 even though（=even if）即使，虽然ocean ['???n] n. 海洋