八年级英语上册Unit8Howdoyoumakeabananamilkshake短语语法知识点汇总新版人教新目标版【经典版】.doc

Unit 8 How do you make a banana milk shake 一、必背短语。

1.how many/much 多少……

2.It’s time (for sb.)+to do sth. 到（某人）做某事的时

3.how + to do sth. 如何做某事

4.need+to do sth. 需要做某事

5.make sth for sb 为某人制作某物

6.What’s next?接下来是什么？

7.That’s it ?行了吧？好了吗？

8. by+doing sth. 通过做某事

9. forget to do sth. 忘记做某事

【教材内容解析】

Section A

1.Turn on the blender. (P. 57)

turn on意为“打开”，反义词是turn off，意为“关掉”。

例句：Please turn on the radio.

例句：Don’t forget to turn off the light.

2.Cut up the bananas. (P. 57)

cut up意为“切碎”，相当于cut into pieces。

例句：Hand the meat to me. I’ll cut it up.

例句：Please help me cut up the apple.

3.Pour the milk into the blender. (P. 57)

pour...into...表示“将……倒进……里面”，pour...out表示“把……倒出来”。

例句：Please pour the water into the bowl.

例句：Please pour the milk out.

4.How do you make a banana milk shake?(P. 57)

make用作实义动词，表示“制作、做”，make sb. sth.相当于make sth. for sb.“为某人制造某物”。

例句：My mother often makes some fresh juice for us.

5.How many bananas do we need? (P. 58)

need作动词时，不仅可以作情态动词，还可以作实义动词，作情态动词时，后接动词原形；作实义动词时，后接名词或者动词不定式作宾语。

例句：You needn’t go to the meeting too early.

例句：We need three more workers.

例句：He doesn’t need to worry too much.

6.Next, put the beef, carrots and potatoes into a pot and add some water.(P. 58)

(1) put...into...表示“把……放进……里面去”，也可以表示“把……翻译成……”。

例句：He put that book into the box.

例句：Can you put these English sentences into Chinese?

(2)add用作及物动词，表示“增加、添加”，add...to...“把……添加到……上去”。

例句：If you add six to one, you will get seven.

7.Then, add the cabbage, tomatoes and onion and cook for another 10 minutes. (P. 58)

“another+基数词+名词”表示“再/又……”，相当于“基数词+more+名词”。

例句：They need another ten men to do the job.

例句：=They need ten more men to do the job.

8. Finally, don’t forget to add some salt. (P. 58)

finally作副词，表示“最后、最终”，相当于at last或者in the end。

例句：Finally they agreed with the plan.

9. Do you know how to plant a tree?(P. 59)

how to plant a tree是“特殊疑问词+不定式”结构，不定式经常和特殊疑问词连用，在句中作主语、宾

语和表语。

例句：When to start is not decided yet.

例句：I don’t know what to do next.

例句：The question is when to begin the work.

10.First, dig a hole.(P. 59)

dig此处用作及物动词，表示“挖、掘”。

例句：They will dig the garden before winter.

Section B

1....and is a time to give thanks for food in the autumn. (P. 61)

(1) 此句中的动词不定式作定语，动词不定式作定语时，放在被修饰词后面。当作定语的不定式和被修饰词构成动宾关系时，而且动词又是不及物动词时，其后应该加上适当的介词。

例句：I have a letter to write.

例句：They are looking for a hotel to live in.

(2)give thanks for sth.“因某事而表示感谢”，give thanks to sb.“对某人表示感谢”。

例句：I’d like to give tha nks for your help.

2.These days, most Americans still celebrate this idea of giving thanks by having a big meal at home with their family.(P. 61)

(1) by可以用来表示方式，意为“通过”，后接名词或者动名词短语。

例句：He usually goes to work by bus.

例句：The man makes a living by selling newspapers.

(2)family指代家庭这个整体时，谓语动词用单数形式，指家庭成员时，谓语动词用复数形式。

例句：Jim's family is small.

例句：His family are discussing their holiday plan.

3.Here is one way to make turkey for a Thanksgiving dinner. (P. 61)

way表示“方法”时，后常接动词不定式或者of doing作定语。

例句：Can you think out a way to open the door/of opening the door?

4.First, mix together some bread pieces, onions, salt and pepper. (P. 61)

mix表示“混合”，常用的结构为：mix sth. and/with sth.“把……同……混合起来”。

例句：First you should mix milk with eggs.

5.Next, fill the turkey with this bread mix. (P. 61)

fill...with...表示“用……装满……”，常用结构还有be filled with“装满、充满”，相当于be full of。

例句：He filled the glass with water.

例句：The schoolbag is filled with books.

6.Then, put the turkey in a hot oven and cook it for a few hours.(P. 61)

a few意为“一些”，修饰可数名词复数，表示肯定含义；few也修饰可数名词复数，但是表达否定含义。例句：There are a few students in the classroom.

例句：Few people like mice.

7.When it is ready, place the turkey on a large plate and cover it with gravy. (P. 61)

(1)place此处用作及物动词，意为“放置、安置”。

例句：He placed the machine under the table.

(2) cover表示“覆盖”时，常用的结构为：cov er...with...“用……覆盖……”。被动结构为：be covered with sth.“被……覆盖”。

例句：The mother covered her daughter with a blanket at night.

例句：The ground was usually covered with snow in winter.

8.Finally, serve it to your friends with some vegetables. (P. 62)

serve此处用作及物动词，意为“接待、服务、提供”，常用的结构为：serve sth. to sb.或者serve sb. (with) sth.意为“用某物招待某人”。

例句：The waiters are serving coffee to customers.

9.Then, cook it at a very high temperature for a long time. (P. 62)

temperature作名词，表示“温度”，at a high/low temperature“高温/低温”；take one’s temperatu re意为“量某人的体温”。

例句：The workers work at a high temperature.

例句：The nurse took my temperature just now.

10.To make this special food, you need to have rice noodles, chicken soup, chicken, lettuce and eggs.(P.

63)

句中的to make this special food是动词不定式结构，在句中作目的状语，可位于句首或者句尾。

例句：To catch the bus, he got up early.

例句：My parents came to New York to see me last month.

11.Then, make the chicken soup very hot, over 100o C. (P. 63)

make sb./sth.+形容词“使某人/某物怎么样”；make sb. do sth.“使某人做某事”

例句：His parents made him stay at home.

例句：The news made us excited.

12.Now it’s time to enjoy the rice noodles! (P. 63)

It’s time to do sth.意为“该做某事了”，相当于It’s time for sth.。

例句：It’s time for class.

例句：=It’s time to have class.

【语法讲解】

一祈使句

1 祈使句定义

用于表达命令、请求、劝告、警告、禁止等的句子叫做祈使句。祈使句的动词都为一般现在时，句末则使用句号或感叹号。

2 祈使句结构

（1）第二人称祈使句通常用来向听话者发出命令，提出要求或建议。这种祈使句的主语you 通常不表示出来，而是以动词原形开头。

（2）第一、三人称祈使句是以第一人称、第三人称代词或者名词等作为祈使的对象，这类祈使句通常以let为引导词表建议。

3 祈使句的强调形式及否定形式

（1）祈使句的强调形式是在整个结构之前加do。

（2）祈使句的否定形式是在整个结构之前加don’t 或never。

（3）以let为引导词的祈使句的否定形式通常是在Let’s 或Let us/ me后加not。

4祈使句的反意疑问句

（1）Let’s 表示第一人称的祈使句，反意疑问部分为“shall we”。

（2）Let me和Let us 表示第二人称的祈使句，反意疑问部分为“will you”。

（3）其他行为动词引起的祈使句，无论其陈述部分是否定还是肯定的，多用“will。

二可数名词和不可数名词

普通名词分为可数名词和不可数名词两类。

表示可以计算数目的人或物称为可数名词，可数名词单数前面可以用不定冠词a／an来修饰。

1．名词复数的规则变化：

(1)在词尾后加-s。如：book→books，cup→cups

(2)以s，x，sh，ch结尾的词后加一es。如：bus→buses，box→boxes，dish→dishes。

watch→watches。

(3)以f，fe结尾的词，先将f或fe变成v再加-es。如：half→halves，wife→wives．

(4)以o结尾表示有生命的事物的词后加-es。如：hero→heroes，potato→potatoes。

tomato→tomatoes，mango→mangoes。

(5)以辅音字母加y结尾的词，先将y改为i再加-es；以元音字母加y结尾的词，直接在词尾加-s。如：city→cities，family→families，boy→boys，day→days。

2．名词复数的不规则变化：

(1)元音发生变化。如：

man→men，woman→women，foot→feet．tooth→teeth，mouse→mice，goose→geese

(2)单复数同形。如：

a sheep→two sheep两只羊，a deer→five deer五只鹿，a fish→a lot of fish许多鱼，a

Chinese→some Chinese一些中国人，a Japanese→three Japanese三个日本人

(3)有些名词只有复数形式。如：

clothes衣服，trousers裤子，glasses眼镜，scissors剪刀，compasses圆规

(4)合成名词变为复数时，两个词都要变为复数。如：

two men doctors两名男医生，10 women teachers 10名女教师

3．不可数名词

不可数名词表示不能计算数目的人或物。它们前面不能用不定冠词a／an修饰，没有复数形式。不可数名词要表示数量，要借助于量词。如：

a cup of coffee 一杯咖啡，three pieces of bread 三片面包

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人教版八年级上册英语单词Unit1 how often 多久一次 exercise v.& n.锻炼skateboard v.踩滑板 hardly adv.几乎不 ever adv.曾，曾经 once adv.一次 twice adv.两次 time n.次，次数 surf v.在…冲浪 Internet n.网络 program n.节目，表演 high school 高中，完全中学result n.结果 active adj.活跃的，积极的 for prep.对于，在…方面 as for 至于,关于 about adv.几乎，大约 junk n.废弃的旧物 junk food 垃圾食品 milk n.牛奶 coffee n.咖啡 chip n.（食物等的）薄片 cola n.可乐 chocolate n.巧克力 drink v.喝，饮 health n.健康，健康状况 how many 多少 interviewer n.采访者 habit n.习惯 try v.试图，设法，努力 of course 当然 look after 照顾，照看lifestyle n.生活方式 grade n.分数，成绩 better adj.& adv.更好的（地）same adj.同样的，相同的 as prep.像…一样 different adj.不同的，有区别的difference n.不同，差异，区别unhealthy adj.不健康的

maybe adv.或许，大概although conj.虽然，即使for prep.达，计 grandpa n.外公，爷爷 a lot of 大量，许多 keep v.保持 must modal v.必须 less adj.更小的，较少的Unit2 中文 matter n.事情，问题 have v.得（病），患（病）cold n.受凉，感冒 have a cold 得了感冒stomachache n.胃痛 sore adj.疼痛的 back n.背，背部 arm n.臂，胳膊 ear n.耳朵 eye n.眼睛 foot n.脚，足 hand n.手 head n.头，头部 leg n.腿，腿部 mouth n.嘴 neck n.脖子，颈部 nose n.鼻子 stomach n.胃 tooth n.牙齿 throat n.喉咙 toothache n.牙痛 fever n.发烧，发热 rest v.休息 honey n.蜂蜜 dentist n.牙医 should modal v.应该headache n.头痛 shouldn't=should not ago adv.以前 so pron.如此，这样 illness n.疾病 advice n.劝告 thirsty adj.渴的

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