大学英语听力教程上册unit7原文及答案

Unit Seven

Part one statements

Complete each of the statements with what you hear and choose A or B that explains the word or phrase in bold.

1. He is into stamp-collecting, spending a couple of hours a week appreciating the album. ( A }

2. I don't care who is conducting the orchestra this evening. It all sounds the same to me. ( A )

3. I sensed something slightly different in the room. Everybody seemed to be alert. ( B )

4. Mr. Smith is more or less in charge of things, so to some extent we can count on what he

says (A)

5. It is commonly accepted that children learn to talk by imitating their parents and people

around them. ( B )

6. He was addicted to computer games. Nothing else could arouse his interest. ( B )

7. He sat there reading all day and all night. It seemed that he could not tear himself away

from the book. ( A )

8. The old lady was very concerned about burglary. Whenever she was at home on her own,

she would make sure all the windows and doors locked. ( A )

9. He found his way into a suitable occupation. ( A )

10. In view of the significance of tomorrow's meeting, every one should arrive here on time

without exception. ( A )

Part Two Dialogues

Dialogue One

Going to the Music Store

M: Where are we going, Lily?

W" To the. Music store.

M: What are you going to buy?

W: A computer disc. It's my brother's birthday the day after tomorrow.

W: What kind of music does your brother like?

W: Opera.

M: That's quite unusual. How old is your brother?

W: 17. Y es, kids of his age are more into pop music.

M: Here we are. Now, classic, folk, heavy metal, jazz, pop, opera. That's the section you nezi Opera.

W: OK. Come on. But they are all too expensive.

M: Does your brother have favorite singers?

W: Honestly, I don't know. I know he likes Carmen.

M: Here is one, Carmen, conducted by Rubinsky.

W: Yes, but it is 18 dollars, a bit too expensive. , M: How about this one, by John Miller?

W: Well, I don't know. Maybe I should give him something slightly different. Last year he got

a Madam Butterfly from me. I'll see if there is anything else.

I. Listen to the dialogue and choose the best answer to each of the questions you hear.

1. Where are the two speakers going? ( C )

2. Why is Lily going to buy a compact disc? ( B )

3. What kind of music does Lily's brother like? ( C )

4. How much money will Lily spend on her brother's birthday present? ( A )

5. Which of the following statements is NOT true? ( C )

II. Listen to the dialogue again and answer the following questions with Y es or No.

1. Tomorrow is the 17-year birthday of Lily's brother, isn't it? ( No )

2. Has Lily bought her brother a computer? ( No )

3. Does Lily know who her brother's favorite star is? ( No )

4. Does Lily's brother like Carman? ( Y es )

5. Did Lily buy Madam Butterfly for her brother last year? ( Y es )

.Dialogue T wo

Can Y ou Play the Guitar?.

W: Robert, you play the guitar, don't you?

M: I used to. But I haven't played it for quite some time. I don't really have time these days with all my studies. Why do you ask?

W: I'm trying to organize a group to play at some parties on weekends. We still need a guitar

player.

M: Well, I don't know. But your idea sounds fun to me.

W: Oh, it will be. I'm more or less in charge of things, so if you want to give it a try, you're in.

It's as easy as that. Besides, it's a great chance to get out and meet people.

M: But I told you I haven't practiced for a long time. I don't know if I remember any songs I used to play.

W: Don't worry about it. I just thought I'd ask you to try and join us sometime when we were practicing. We'll be practicing for a few months before we give performances.

M: OK. I'll have a try.

W: I'm sure you can do it. And it will be fun, too.

I. Listen to the dialogue and choose the best answer to each of the questions you hear.

1. Why hasn't Robert played the guitar recently? ( C )

2. What do you think Robert is? ( B )

3. Where will the group perform? ( C )

4. Why is Robert not sure of joining the group? ( A )

5. Which of the following is NOT true? ( A )

II. Listen to the dialogue again and write T for True or F for False for each statement you

hear.

1. Though Robert is somewhat interested in the woman's suggestion, he is hesitant about

joining the group. ( T )

2. If Robert wants to join the group, he will have to ask for the group leader's permission. ( F )

3. Joining the group is a good chance to become sociable. ( T )

4. A lot of practice is needed before they give the performance. ( T )

5. The woman asks Robert to do more practice because she is not confident of his skill. ( F )

Dialogue Three

They Should Behave W ell

Tom: Hi, Mary. Do you like music?

Mary: Y es, very much, especially classical music.

Tom: Do you like rock music, Mary?

Mary: No, I think it's too noisy. Do you like rock music?

Tom: Y es, I do. Y ou know rock stars play exciting music and they always wear unusual clothes. I often go to their concerts.

Mary: Oh, do you? 1 don' t understand why rock stars are so famous.

Tom: Oh, it's because of their fans that rock stars are famous and earn a lot of money. Y ou know their fans go to their concerts, buy their records and wear the same kind of

clothes.

Mary: I see. Did you watch TV last night?

Tom: No, I didn't. What was on?

Mary: Zed Hawks was interviewed on TV last night.

Tom: Really? He is one of my favorite stars. What did he say on the TV interview?

Mary: He didn't say anything. During the TV interview Anita Lyons suggested that Zed should behave better because his fans imitate him.

Tom: Y es, go on.

Mary: He reacted very angrily, and walked out. The interview only lasted less than two minutes.

Tom: I was disappointed when I heard this. He really behaved badly. Y ou know like politicians and film stars, rock stars need the public. They earn their money from the

public. So why couldn't the public criticize them? If they complain, they will lose

their fans. I' m not a fan of Zed Hawks any more.

I. Listen to the dialogue and choose the best answer to each of the questions you hear.

1. What is Mary's favorite music? ( C )

2. How do fans imitate rock stars? ( C )

3. Why are rock stars famous? ( B )

4. What did Zed Hawks do during the TV interview? ( C )

5. Why does David say rock stars are like politicians and film stars? ( B )

II. Listen to the dialogue again and fill in the blanks with the information you hear.

Mary asks Tom why so many people like rock stars. Tom explains it's because of their fans. Rock stars become famous and earn a lot of money because their fans go to their concerts, buy their records and wear the same kind of clothes. Mary tells Tom a story. She says that Zed Hawks, famous rock star, walked out angrily during a TV interview when the hostess suggests that he should behave better because his fans imitate him.

Part Three Passages

Passage One

Am I Addicted to Buying Music Records?

When I was a child, I learned to play the violin. Although it was my mother who pushed me learn, I really enjoyed the music while I was playing. Since I graduated from the elementary school, I have been buying music records in which I am interested. So far, I have bought 300 CDs and l00 tapes, which are stored in my closet.

I think I am addicted to buying music records because whenever I hear something really nice and pleasant, I ask somebody what the music is and then I go out and buy that record as soon as I can. Sometimes I don't even care about how much the record cost, and I spend a lot of money on it.

I've now decided to tear myself away from this habit. I need to be more concerned about my financial situation and correcting my behavior.

I. Listen to the passage and choose the best answer to each of the questions you hear.

1. What musical instrument did he use to play? ( B )

2. When did he form the habit of buying records? ( A )

3. Why has he bought so many CDs and tapes? ( C )

4. What was NOT his decision? ( C )

5. Which of the following is true? ( C )

II. Listen to the passage again and complete the following sentences with the information

you hear.

1. Although it was my mother who pushed me to learn, I really enjoyed the music while I

was playing:.

2. So far, I have bought 300 CDs and 100 tapes, which are stored in my closet.

3. I think I am addicted to buying music records because whenever I hear something really

nice and pleasant, I ask somebody what the music is and then I go out and buy that

record as soon as I can.

4. I've now decided to tear myself away from this habit.

5. I need to be more concerned about my financial situation and correcting my behavior.

Passage T wo

Recorded Background Music

Recorded background music first found its way into factories, shops and restaurants in the USA. But it soon spread to other parts of the world. Now it is becoming increasingly difficult to go shopping or eat a meal without listening to music.

The best-known supplier of background music is an American company called "Muzak". This word "Muzak" is now commonly used in English to refer to recorded music played continuously in restaurants, places of work, etc. The company has carried over a hundred researches, which show that background music can create a pleasant atmosphere and improve productivity. It must be used in the fight way, though. If the type of "Muzak" is wrong, it may well put an entire factory to sleep!

I. Listen to the passage and choose the best answer to each of the questions you hear,

1. In which places was recorded background music first used? ( D )

2. Which of the following statements is true? ( B )

3. What is "Muzak"? ( D )

4. What does the study of the American company indicate? ( A )

5. What is the main idea of the passage? ( B )

II. Listen to the passage again and answer the following questions you hear.

1. Where was recorded background music first put into practice?

In the USA.

2. Do you know anything about a company called "Muzak"?

Yes. It's the best-known supplier of recorded background music.

3. How many studies have been conducted by the company?

Over one hundred.

4. What is the desirable result of recorded background music?

It can create a pleasant atmosphere and improve productivity.

5. What if the type of background music is wrongly chosen?

It will result in undesirable situation.

Passage Three

Life of Pop Stars

Many young people want to become pop-stars. It's their great ambition in life. They think pop. stars earn a lot of money; they lead interesting and exciting lives; thousands of fans love them; they become famous...

Y es, but first they must become stars. Most performers start life with a group. This is the pattern nowadays. But there are many groups and competition is hard. Groups appear and disappear almost overnight. Only a small number survive. Almost without exception they have to work very hard before they reach the top.

V ery few reach the top--and stay there. In England there are perhaps thirty or so groups at the top. Most of these do not earn so much money: perhaps 500 pounds each time they perform. What is more, they have quite a lot of expenses. They have to pay a manager, for example. He is the key person in their lives and he takes about 20% of their earnings--perhaps more. Then there are their clothes, their instruments and their van. Sometimes they are still paying for the last two items!

And don't forget that they have to travel a great deal--sometimes 2000 miles in one week. At times they even sleep in their van instead of a hotel, just to save money.

So now, what do you think? Are pop-stars so rich? And do they have such exciting lives?

Listen to the passage and choose the best answer to each of the questions you hear.

1. Which of the following statements is true about most pop groups? ( C )

2. Why is the group's manager well paid? ( A )

3. How do pop groups spend much of the money they earn? ( D )

4. What's the main use of a van to a group? ( C )

5. Which of the following words can best describe pop stars' lives? ( D )

II. Listen to the passage again and write T for True or F for False for each statement you hear.

1. V ery few performers reach the top. ( T )

2. All performers start their career with a group. ( F )

3. The passage indicates that some pop stars are in debts. ( T )

4. Sometimes they sleep in their vans because they are too busy to find a hotel. ( F )

5. It seems that pop stars like traveling a lot. ( F )

Part Four Idioms and Proverbs

I. In this part, you will be presented with ten sentences. Listen carefully and write them down.

1. Opportunity seldom knocks twice.

2. Y ou can't win them all.

3. Lightning never strikes twice in the same place.

4. Walls have ears.

5. Y ou cannot have your cake and eat it.

6. Strike while the iron is hot.

7. Necessity is the mother of invention.

8. Where there is no trust there is no love.

9. It is best to be on the safe side.

10. The first step is the hardest.

II. In this part, you will hear ten sentences. In each sentence, there is one idiom that is

given below. Listen and guess its meaning from the context.

Script:

1. My dad would go nuts if he saw this mess.

2. We have five minutes before the show. Let's grab a bite (to eat).

3. Jordan has already won 2 games in this series. We are wondering if he can make it a hat trick today.

4. If you want to get an A in this class, you should start hitting the books fight now.

5. Nancy hit the roof/ceiling when she found out someone drove her car without her

permission and wrecked it.

6. She hit the nail on the head when she proposed her plan at the last meeting. It's exactly the thing we need to do now.

7. Hold your horses. Y ou might find a better one for the same price in another store.

8. Holy cow. How did she get the full score in such a difficult exam.

9. Last night Sam was in a pickle. After having a dinner at an expensive restaurant, he

found he had neither enough money nor a credit card.

10. During the Great Depression, we were all in the same boat. Many people lost their jobs

all over the world.

Keys:

1. become very angry

2. get and eat food quickly

3. three wins, successes or accomplishments especially in sport

4. study very hard

5. become extremely angry

6. say exactly a fight thing

7. wait

8. an expression of surprise

9. be in a difficult situation

10. be in the same situation or have the same problem

Part Five Exercises for Homework

I Short. Conversations

In this part, you will hear ten short conversations.. ach of them is followed by a question. After the question, you are supposed to choose a correct answer from the four choices. 1. M: What do you think of professor Li's lecture?

W: Never before have I heard the professor gave such an interesting chemistry lecture. Q: What does the woman imply? ( C )

2. W: John promised me that he would lend his bike to me.

M: John? He always breaks his words.

Q: What does the man mean? ( A )

3. M: Is Jane looking forward to going home for this summer?

W: She is counting the days.

Q: What does the woman imply? ( D )

4. M: Do you think Joe will get there on time?

W: If Joe doesn't, nobody will.

Q: What does the woman mean? ( C )

5. M: I'm badly in need of employment, Margaret.

W: Yes, our five kids need you to support.

Q: What's the relationship between the two speakers? ( C )

6. M: If you are promoted to the manager, will you give us a raise?

W: Of course! What else could I do with the money?

Q: What is the woman going to do if she is promoted to the manager? ( D )

7. W: The plane leaves at 8:15. Do we have time to eat first?

M: No. We only have 40 minutes left.

Q: What time is it now? ( B )

8. M: Can you stay for dinner?

W: I'd like to, but I have to pick up my children from school and cook for my husband.

Q: What is the woman going to do? ( B )

9. M: What kind of account do you want to open?

W: A regular saving's account.

Q: Where does this conversation most probably take place? ( C )

10. M: I'm fired and I'm going to go bed.

W: Oh, really? It's only 8:00.

O: What is true of the woman? ( C )

II. Passages

Passage One

Where Are Y ou Going?

Steven and Mary took a taxi to the station. They got off and Steven picked up the heavy suitcase.

They could not find a porter, but a young man offered to help them with the case.

"Where are you going"? he asked.

"To London," they told him. "Our daughter is getting married and we have a lot of presents.

That's why our case is so heavy."

The young man suggested that they have a cup of coffee before the train left, and he would meet them at the platform. They agreed and five minutes before the train left they went to the platform where they didn't see the man. And the man wasn't on the train, either. The train left.

"Oh, dear," cried Mary, "we have to find a policeman."

Listen to the passage and choose the best answer to each of the questions you hear.

1. What problem did Steven and Mary have at first? ( B )

2. Who offered to help them carry the case? ( C )

3. Why did the couple go to London? ( A )

4. Where was the man supposed to meet Steven and Mary? ( C )

5. What actually happened to Steven and Mary? ( B )

Passage T wo

Country Music

Country music is one of the most popular kind of music in the United States today because it is about simple but strong human feelings and events love, sadness, good times and bad times.

Country music comes from two kinds of music. One is the traditional music of the people in the Eastern Mountains of the United States. The other is traditional cowboy music from the West.

At first, city people said country music was low class. It was popular mostly in the South. But during the second World War, thousands of Southerners went to the Northeast and Midwest to work in the factories. They took their music with them. Soldiers from the rest of the country went

to army camps in the South. They learned country music. Slowly it became popular all over the country.

Today country music is also popular everywhere in the United States and Canada in small towns and in New Y ork City, among black and white, and among educated and uneducated people. About 1,200 radio stations broadcast country music twenty-four hours a day. English stars sing it

in British English, and people in other countries sing it in their own languages. The music that was started by cowboys and poor Southerners is now popular all over the world.

Listen to the passage and answer the following questions.

1. Where does country music come from? ( C )

2. Before World War II, in which region was country music most popular? ( A )

3. During World War II, why did so many southerners go to the Northeast and the Midwest? ( C )

4. Why has country music become one of the most popular kinds of music in the world today? (D)

5. Which of the following is NOT true according to the passage? ( B )

Passage Three

Miracle Musician

When Jason Becker was 19 years old, he was a very good guitar player. He was going to be rock and roll star.

In 1989, he wanted to be in a new band. He practiced with them to see if they would hire him.

At the same time, he noticed he had a limp when he walked.

The band liked how he played. They asked him to join their band. Jason then went to see the doctor about his limp. The doctor told him he had a disease called A.L.S.

Over the next 7 years, Jason lost the use of his legs and his hands. He also began losing the use

of his vocal chords. His care needed full attention. His family and friends had to take care of him

at all times. This meant that he could no longer play his guitar in a band.

However, this did not stop Jason. He got a computer and used it to make his music. It allowed him to create any sound he wanted. He made an album and a music video. It took five years to produce.

Jason says that music is what he wants to make for the rest of his life. His girlfriend wants to help him with it. His father is also helping but it is getting harder and harder for Jason to talk. For

his mother, Jason is a hero because he has never given up.

Jason works with his brother and his friend to make a new album. His mother and father will support him for the rest of his life. They just want him to be happy.

Listen to the passage and complete the following sentences with the information you hear.

1. Jason practiced with a band to see if they would hire him.

2. Jason went to see the doctor and the doctor told him he had a disease called A.L.S.

3. Over the next 7 years, Jason lost the use of his legs and his hands. This meant that he

could no longer play his guitar in a band.

4. He got a computer and used it to make his music. It allowed him to create any sound he

wanted.

5. Jason says that music is what he wants to make for the rest of his life.

I II. A S tory for Retelling

Here is a funny story. Listen and retell it.

The Magic Advertising

A man was fired of living in his old house in the country and wanted to sell it and buy a

better one. He attempted to sell it for a long time, but was not successful, so at last he decided to solve the problem by using a real estate agent.

The agent promptly advertised the house, and a few days later, the owner saw a very attractive photograph of it, with a wonderful description of its gardens, in an expensive magazine.

After the house owner had read the advertisement through, he hastened to telephone the real estate agent and said to him, “I’m sorry, Mr. Jones, but I’ve decided not to sell my house after all. After reading your advertisement in that magazine, I can see that it’s just the kind of house I’ve wanted to live in all my life.”

【科教版】小升初科学试题含答案

科教版毕业年级小升初 科学模拟测试卷 （时间：xx分钟总分： xx分） 学校________ 班级________ 姓名________ 座号 ________ 一、填空题（共8小题，每空1分，满分26分） 1．放大镜是我们在科学探究中经常用到的观察工具，也叫，它的镜片特点是、中间、边缘。 2．建立自然保护区是保护生物的有效方法。我国四川卧龙自然保护区的建立主要是为了保护我国特有的珍惜动物（填动物名）。 3．被人们称为“白色污染”的是制品。除此我们面临的污染还有、等。4．太阳系中，太阳是一颗会发光发热的星，与太阳的平均距离最近的行星是，与地球自转周期最接近的行星是，月球是地球的。 5．当地球运行到太阳和月球之间，三个天体处于同一直线或接近同一直线时，便发生了现象，这种现象一般发生在农历左右。有和两种类型。 6．科学研究发现昆虫头上的就是它们的“鼻子”，能分辨各种气味：蟋蟀的“耳朵” 在。 7．垃圾是放错了位置的资源。要有效的回收，必须改变垃圾混装的旧习惯，对生活垃圾进行和。 8．物质的变化可以分为和两类。物质的变化常伴随着各种现象的发生，如小苏打和白醋混合后会产生气体，这种变化属于变化；水加热至沸腾时也会产生气体，这种变化属于变化。因此，要准确判断物质发生的变化属于哪种类型，需明确它们的本质区别：是否有产生。 二、判断．（每小题2分，共20分） 9．石头、水、空气是物质，声音、光、电也是物质。（判断对错） 10．有些物质会发生变化，而且变化速度也有快有慢，有些物质永远不会发生变化。 （判断对错） 11．往水中滴了一滴红墨水，颜色变淡了，肯定发生了化学变化。（判断对错）

古诗文阅读 学案26(1)

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unit 7 课文翻译

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V. Translation 美国国家公园 曾经，美国共和党被认为是环保党。毕竟，阿贝·林肯划分了后来成为约塞米蒂国家公园的第一块地。尤利西斯·辛普森·格兰特保护了成为黄石国家公园的那块地。所有人都知道西奥多·罗斯福，他的成就很多，他签署了1906年颁布的《美国古迹法》，保护了美国大峡谷。卡尔文·柯立芝保护了冰川湾；德怀特·艾森豪威尔为建立南极国家野生动物庇护所作出了第一步努力。在共和、民主两党支持下，20世纪70年代理查德·尼克松颁布一系列保护环境的法案：《空气清洁法》、《美国国家环境政策法案》、《濒危动物法案》。 美国国家公园管理处管理着七千七百多万英亩的土地，320个不同种类的公园，最近审批的一个还覆盖了阿拉斯加广袤原始土地。所管辖的公园种类多样，有城市公园、名胜古迹、海滨公园、国家河流，还有越来越多将公众休闲放在第一位的休闲区。还有就是国家公园了，虽然它们吸引着成千上万的游客，但是国家公园的首要职能还是环境保护。在一个贸易自由、商业利益强大的国度，这些公园所起的作用不可或缺。在横跨旧金山湾的金门大桥边，生态环境保护者为保护仅存的红杉树，创办了红杉树国家公园，这些红杉高大挺拔。伐木工人异常愤怒，在城市中游行示威，高喊“禁止再建公园”。但是环保主义者和生态环境保护者总有他们自己的口号，这是“自由的国度”，他们的影响力也比其他国家环保主义者的影响力要大。 第一个国家公园是成立于1872年的黄石公园，位于怀俄明州。黄石公园的一切都可以和浪漫联系在一起，将沸水柱喷射到200英尺高空的间歇泉，拥有奔腾河流和宏伟瀑布的大峡谷。还有白雪皑皑的山峰、群树环绕的湖泊、广袤的森林、一望无际的草地，黄石河蜿蜒其间，直至流入大峡谷。草地上，野牛、麋鹿、驼鹿和梅花鹿都来这里栖息吃草。 美国国家公园是世界上保护自然环境的典范。所有公园都尽可能保持原生态。中部平原以西地区，木材商摧毁了大片森林，但在森林公园中，禁止砍伐任何一棵树。一棵树自然倒下时，任由它腐烂以滋润土壤，养分提供新树的生长。许多国家公园只要不是人为引起的森林火灾也是允许的，任由它自生自灭。

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unit7 TextA 课文翻译

让志愿精神闪光 1. 我们今天刊登的安德鲁?哈特尔博士访谈录，内容振奋人心，感人肺腑，有好些值得关注的亮点。也许其最大的影响力源于哈特尔博士的信念：奥运会已治愈了2005年7月7日（即宣布英国承办2012年奥运会的次日）那场恐怖的自杀式爆炸对伦敦造成的心灵创伤。那天，哈特尔博士在帕丁顿的圣玛丽医院手术室正准备上班，在得知“出大事”之后，他毫不犹豫地赶往医院紧急事故抢救部支援。 2. 他所面临的伤员状况令他震惊。和许多当天努力抢救伤员的人一样，其后数年，他都因那一天所见的惨状深受困扰。他自愿加入了2012年奥运会医疗小组。从参加的首个任务开始，他便感受到了奥运会的魔力：“忧虑消失了，对我来说，今天的伦敦再也不是7?7事件中的伦敦了。那天上午，我目睹的状况惨绝人寰，而现在，我看到了人间至美。”他的话总结了伦敦奥运会是怎样影响了我们大多数人。奥运选手的竞技水准令我们惊叹，但7万名志愿者的努力才是这次盛会中最杰出的部分，正是因为他们的付出，奥运会才会如此高效和精彩。 3. 志愿者中有男有女，他们可能并不富裕，也非条件优越、天赋异禀，亦非处于某种弱势，确实没有异于常人之处。但他们有着共同的奉献精神，不为自我，而要为他人创造快乐福祉。志愿者们所呈现的精神，是全人类最重要、最珍贵的品格之一。珍惜、保持、光大这种精神应该作为奥运会的遗产传承下去。的确，如果没有这种精神的保持与发扬，奥运会精神遗产传承一说就无从谈起。

4. 志愿精神对实现英国的美好未来至关重要。大卫?卡梅伦提出的“大社会”观念虽未必引起公众共鸣，但本质上传递了一个极其重要的理念：我们不能也不应期待政府官员为我们包办一切。政府没有也不应该拥有资源事事介入，包办一切；我们应能团结一致，作出奉献。 5. 当然，英国人民在团结奉献方面已规模显著。在全国各地，人们成立了各种团体：有的组织帮助儿童安全上学，有的辅导儿童提高读写技能，有的引导人们参与运动，还有的帮助减轻老人生活中的寂寞。 6. 我们相信，凡此种种志愿精神，都将在奥运会志愿者的榜样下发扬光大，是他们过去两周的卓越工作成就了伦敦奥运会。但关键问题是，我们该如何推动这种志愿文化蓬勃发展并使其历久不衰呢？与美国等一些国家相比，英国的志愿文化传统相对薄弱。在美国，公共图书馆维护，有时甚至人行道和街道清洁等工作都是由志愿者完成的。 7. 在英国，尽管已涌现出一大批卓有成效且极具价值的志愿活动，但很多时候，人们仍习惯认为普通公民并没有义务承担这些工作。究其原因，部分是因为历届政府对那些想为社区做点事的人设置了不少障碍。 8. 上届工党政府推出了一系列举措，可能导致人们不愿再投入时间精力开展任何志愿活动。其中最繁杂的要数犯罪记录局的审查规定，任何可能涉及儿童活动的相关人员都需接受审查。这个规定本意是好的，结果却很荒唐：在教堂里摆花的妇女，甚至带自己孩子参加幼童军和童子军活动的父母都要接受

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八年级期末专题复习之现代文阅读 【一】四合院里的拜年 四合院始建于清道光年间，木墙木柱木梯子，每一件木质都透出风的皱褶，雨的潮湿。 在这栋四合院里，我住了将近十年，一直认为每年的春节最热闹。在外的人全回来，提一个包兜，绽放一脸的笑容，然后张灯结彩，左邻右舍团聚在一起吃年夜饭。 我的祖父在这个四合院住的时间比我长，谈起他那些年的拜年，就抑制不住内心的留恋，似乎遗憾地说我们年轻人走着走着，丟了祖宗的一个宝贝。 那时，分了家的祖父到了大年初一，吃过早饭，穿上整洁的衣服，就要去给自己的父母拜年。给父母拜年少不了三样：一块三斤以上的熏干腊肉，一包白糖，十几个糍粑。祖父家境较好，往往比别人多一条两斤重的盐鲤鱼。 走进曾祖父的四合院，推开一扇木质的对开院门，屋里笑语喧哗，点燃一挂三百响的鞭炮，叭叭地闹得喜庆。曾祖父听到鞭炮声，打开了雕花窗子，喊：?快进来！快进来，外面雪大！?便起身迎出来。进了堂屋，神龛上亮着两盏红烛，烧着一束香火。神龛下两张并排的雕花椅，近前还有几个拜年用的草团垫子。后辈们必须恭恭敬敬地跪在草团垫子上三叩头三作揖，然后曾祖父再给后辈们发红包。 这些礼节完了，才在厢房火塘边落座聊天，抿一杯温暖的甜米酒，吃着自家种的花生薯片。煨糍粑更是不可少的，在火塘里支个铁网架子，把糍粑放在上面，煨得两面焦黄，有的会起大气泡，掀开了焦黄的糍粑表面。掰开熟糍粑，一拉，白丝儿像一根线，拉了好长。 吃饭的时候，曾祖父家的菜比较丰盛，炖大块腊肉、炒鸡块、红烧牛肉，一条鲤鱼不可少，也是祖父的最爱。祖父十几岁时给一家亲戚去拜年，头戴一顶小圆布帽，穿一身土布长袍，脚蹬一双千层布鞋。吃饭时他看到桌上一条三斤重大的鲤鱼，红烧得鳞儿卷起，尾巴焦脆，浇上葱花红椒，看着就垂涎欲滴，便一筷子过去，劲稍大了些，鲤鱼在盘子里硬挺挺地翻了边，顺势一溜，咔！滚到了桌子底下。祖父十分尴尬，好在亲戚通情达理，拿起鲤鱼，说：?洗洗，浇上葱花再吃。?此时，祖父才知道这是一条木鲤鱼，家穷的，用木鲤鱼来撑桌面。 新的生活有新的方式，人们对拜年也有了新的诠释。到上个世纪80年代，我所在的四合院，每到春节就不像祖父说的那样拜年了，礼节慢慢少了。 那一年，父亲搬出了雕花的四合院，在不远处竖了自的砖房。大年初一，父亲领着我们去拜年，祖父在厢房喝茶，他听到外面的鞭炮声和我们小孩的笑声，就倚在门口笑眯眯道：?还信初一崽初二郎初三初四走亲忙啊？?父亲紧走几步，握住祖父的手说：?爸，拜年拜年，下跪作揖不兴了，这份亲情还是要延续的啊！?便搀扶着祖父进了厢房，俩人在火塘边相互感触着幸福的火热。 这些年，祖父越来越老了，九十二岁的眼睛总眺望着我们，像这四合院漏风漏雨、破败不堪的样子。可我们不管走到哪里，四合院的精气神还在影响着我们，渗进骨里，不能远离，也不可能远离。如今，一年一度的春节又到了，我站在城里听见了四合院拜年的脚步，父亲在电话里问：?回家过年不？?我踌躇着，窗外雪花飞舞，街道上的车好多搁浅了，火车站人潮汹涌，扁担和大布袋乱钻。我胆怯地长叹了口气。父亲紧追着说：?回吧，今年雪大，说不定明年拜年时看不到我了，也看不见这四合院了。? 我听了，心突突地急切起来。 在四合院里拜年，是我美好的回忆，也是我对时间的敬畏，对先祖的感恩，更是对亲情的礼赞。 1.联系上下文，说说“丢了祖宗的一个宝贝”中的“宝贝”指什么？ 2.文中画线句中“眺望”一词用得恰当吗？请说明理由。 3.“我”为什么先“胆怯地长叹了口气”，后又“心突突地急切起来”？ 4.选文中的“曾祖父”在后辈们三叩头三作揖后发红包，而如今“电子红包”作为一类互联网时代特有的红包传递方式已经普遍使用。对这一变化，你有何看法？ 链接材料：微信红包团队28 日凌晨公布数据，2017 年除夕微信红包142 亿个，较去年同期增长75.7％，创下新高；腾讯旗下口QQ平台各类电子红包累计参与用户达3. 42 亿，同样创下析高。 【二】家之脉陈忠实 ①1950年春节过后的一天晚上,在那盏祖传的清油灯之下,父亲把一支毛笔和一沓黄色仿纸交到 我手里:?你明日早起去上学。?我拔掉竹筒笔帽儿，是一撮黑里透黄的动物毛做成的笔头。父亲又说：?你跟你哥合用一只砚台。? ②我的三个孩子的上学日，是我们家的庆典日。在我看来，孩子走进学校的第一步，认识的第一个字，用铅笔写成的汉字第一画，才是孩子生命中光明的开启。他们从这一刻开始告别黑暗，走向智慧人类的途程。 ③我们家木楼上有一只破旧的大木箱，乱扔着一堆书。我看着那些发黄的纸和一行行栗子大的字问父亲：?是你读过的书吗？?父亲说是他读过的，随之加重语气解释说：?那是你爷爷用毛笔抄写