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英语论文中常用词汇和短语

差另U gaps betwee n, differe ntiate betwee n, discrepa ncies, no in tergroup differe nee

No statistically significant differences in survival were found for MMC or MPMA.

AlthoughMMC and MPMA decreased with increasing nuclear grade and TNM stage,this di fference failed to achieve statistical significanee.

存在，出现occurred, occurrenee ,existed, existenee, presenee, present

多数，少数the overwhelming majority of, in the majority of cases , a marked majority, h an dful

方法approaches, avenues, methods, techniques, means, tools

发生率In cide nee, freque ncy, prevale nee

In contrast with regions of high incidenee, the mutation spectrum did not show a high pre vale nee of mutati ons at A:T base pairs.

发现，阐明，报道，证实verify, con firm, elucidate, ide ntify, defi ne, characterize,clarify, est ablish, ascerta in, expla in, observe, illu min ate,illustrate ，dem on strate, show, in dicate, exhibit, presented, reveal,display, manifest，suggest, propose, estimate, prove, imply,disclose，report, describe，facilitate the identification of ，screening，isolation

改变change, alteration,

高，增力口high, enhan ced, elevated, in creased, forced

各种，多种in multiple types of neoplasia, in various types of apoptosis, in a variety of tu mors

关系，相关，参与closely involved in, associated,

广泛的in an extensive survey

进行conducte，perform, carry out,

降，少，缺decrease, reduct ion, reduced, dimini sh, loss, suppressi on, deficie nt, low, weak, fa int, light, absenee, absent, undetectable, lack,defective, negative,poor,impaired, greatly reduc ed or completelyabsent, frequently lost or down-expressed, presented discontinuous andwea ker expression, completely negative, was not detectable ordramatically reduced, very faint, was undetectable or barelydetectable, no expression was found,

角色，起作用role, part ( limited, potential, early, possible role)，serve antiapoptotic func

tio ns

可能性feasibility

密切地intimately

难理解的，似谜的enigmatic (x remains enigmatic)

潜在假定的pote ntial, can didate, putative,

缩写abbreviations

识另U,辨另U discernment

事件

Metastasis to the liver is a com mon event in cli ni cal on cology.

a putative tumor initiating event

a (more, extremely, highly, rather, fairly) com mon in itial,

a com mon event in the sig nal tran sducti on mecha ni sms of, in the sig nal tran sduct ion proce sses a com mon event associated with the mechanisms of

a com mon early event in resp on ses of, after high-dose chemotherapy

a com mon event follow ing gestati onal exposure to immuno toxica nts

a com mon event (that occurs) duri ng apoptosis is ................

acommon event during oncogenic transformation, in neoplastictransformation that directly o

r in directly in volves activati on ofspecific tyros ine kin ase sig nali ng pathways

a com mon event through which

a com mon event in vivo

a rather com mon event of unknown biological sig ni fica nee

a com mon event resulting from heterogeneous aberrations

a com mon event regardless of histological subtyp ing, but does not bear any pejorative si gni fica nee a com mon event contributing to

arare, com mon, prerequisite, cen tral, major, tran sie nt, in itiati on, stressful, critical, crucial, sec ondary, independent, regulatory,early, earlier, late, later, subsequent, circumstantial, untowar

d,upstream, irreversible, very freque nt eve nt

提供，帮助provide, supply, help (to), con tribute to, offer, allow, dedicate, devote, assist in 调节(失调，上调，下调) dis-regulation, dys-regulation, up-regulation, up-expression, over

expression, down-expression, down-regulation,

推测presume,speculate ‘confer, conjecture ,guess, deduce, deduction （推论）

无所不在地（表达，如MEN1）ubiquitously

显著，优先的prominent, pronounced, obvious, marked, predominant, strong,striking ,notable,

Con spicuously, remarkably , sig ni fica nt, prefere ntial,prevale nee, prevale nt,

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一二三原则考官们看文章也必然要通过这些关键性的“标签”来判定你的文章是否结构清楚，条理自然。破解方法很简单，只要把下面任何一组的词汇加入到你的几个要点前就清楚了。 1）first, second, third……首先，第二，第三….. 2）firstly, secondly, thirdly, finally 首先，第二，第三，最后 3）to begin with, then, furthermore, finally 首先，然后，其次，最后 4）to start with, next, in addition, finally 首先，然后，其次，最后 5）first of all, besides, last but not least 首先，其次，最后 6）most important of all, moreover , finally 最重要的，其次，最后 7）on the one hand, on the other hand （适用于两点的情况）一方面，另一方面 8）for one thing, for another （适用于两点的情况）一方面，另一方面短语优先原则写作时，尤其是在考试时，如果使用短语，有两个好处：其一、用短语会使文章增加亮点，如果老师们看到你的文章太简单,必然会看你低一等。相反，如果发现亮点—精彩的短语，那么你的文章定会得高分了。其二、凑字数，用短语是一个办法！比如： I cannot bear it.我无法忍受它了。可以用短语表达：I cannot put up with it.我无法忍受它了。 I want it.我想要它。可以用短语表达：I am looking forward to it.我想要它。 It’s important.这个很重要。可以用短语表达: It’s of great importance.这个很重要。过渡语原则并列用语： as well as 也 not only…but (also)不仅……还 including,包括对比用语： on one hand 一方面 on the other hand 另一方面 on the contrary 相反的 though 尽管 for one thing 一方面 for another 另一方面 nevertheles 然而例证用语： in one’s opinion 某人看来 that is to say 也就是说 for example 例如 for instance 例如 as a matter of fact 事实上 in fact 事实上时序用语： first/firstly 首先 to begin/start with 首先 meanwhile 同时 before long 不久递进用语： even 甚至 besides 除了 what’s more 还有 as for 至于 so…that… 太….以至于….. worse still 更糟糕的是 Moreover 并且 furthermore 更进一步 but for 要不是 in addition 另外 to make matters worse 更糟糕的是

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