八年级英语下册知识点总结(最新最全)

Unit 1 What’s the matter?

一、基础知识

1. What’ s the matter? 怎么啦？出什么事情了？

【解析】matter/ ' m?t?(r)) /n.问题；事情

What’ s the matter with you?= What’s the trouble with you? = What’ s wrong with you? 你怎么了？

【注】： matter 和trouble 为名词，其前可加the 或形容词性物主代词，wrong 是adj. 不能加the

【用法】用于询问某人有什么病或某人遇到什么麻烦、问题其后跟询问对象时，与介词with连用。即：

What’s the matter with sb.? = What’s your trouble? = What’s up? = What happens to sb.? — What’s the matter with you ? — I have a bad cold.

2. I had a cold.我感冒了。 have a cold=catch a cold=have the flu感冒

have a fever 发烧 have a cough咳嗽 have a stomachache胃疼，肚子疼 have a toothache牙疼 have a headache 头疼

3. 身体部位+ache（疼痛）构成新的复合词

stomach+ache=stomachache head+ache=headache tooth+ache=toothache back+ache=backache后背痛

4. much too+ 形容词，意为太...... ，too much+名词，意为很多，大量。

5. enough【形容、副词】足够的/地，enough放在名前后，形副后。good enough足够好，enough money=much money

6. lie down躺下， lie 躺，躺着，过去式lay；lie说谎，过去式lied

7. maybe “或许”，常用于句首，表示可能性，后加句子。Maybe you are right.

may be，是情态动词+be的结构，意为“可能，也许”，后加名词、代词或形容词。He may be angry.

sound like+名词代词和从句：It sounds like you don’t know the truth.

It sounds like a good idea. sound+形容词，“听起来，好像”，The music sounds nice.

9. need 需要，实义动词need+名词，需要某物；

need to do sth.需要做某事，主语通常是人，表示人主动的动作：You need to listen carefully during class. need doing sth.主语通常是物，表示被动的动作：Your dirty clothes need washing.

10. get off (the bus) 下（公交车） get on 上车

11. agree 同意，赞同；

agree with sth. 同意某事如：I agree with that idea.

agree to sb. 同意某人的意见如：I agree to LiLei.

12. trouble问题，麻烦；be in trouble遇到麻烦，make trouble 制造麻烦，have trouble (in) doing sth. =have difficulties (in) doing sth做......有麻烦。

13. right away=right now=at once，意为马上。

14. advice [不可数名词]劝告，建议，向…征求意见， give sb. advice on sth.就某事给某人建议； advise [动词] advise sb. to do sth. 建议某人做某事

advise sb. doing sth.

【复习】exercise 练习、锻炼

当exercise意为“练习”时，为可数名词即可加s

当exercise意为“锻炼”时，为不可数名词即不加s

16. hurt 及物动词，使……疼痛，……受伤，He hurt his leg while exercising.

不及物动词，……（部位）疼。 His leg hurt badly.

clean 【动词】打扫，clean the classroom打扫教室，【形容词】干净的，cleaner意为清洁工。

18. hit （用手或器具）打；击打 The boy hit the dog with a stone.

hit sb. on the head/ nose/ back 打某人的头、鼻子、后背，on 用在所打较硬的部位； hit sb. in the face/ eye/ stomach 打某人的脸、眼睛、肚子，in 用在所打较软的部位。

be used to sth./ doing sth.习惯于、适应了……、做某事，强调状态；His grandpa was used to country life. Mary is not used to getting up early in the morning.

get/ become used to sth./ doing sth. “变得习惯，逐渐适应……”强调过程、动作：

It ’s difficult for one to get used to another country ’s habit.

20. 【复习】free [形容词]空闲的free time ；免费的the drink is for free ；自由的I want to become a free bird.

free 【动词】使……解脱，得到自由：He could not free his arm.

run out 用完，用尽 When his water run out, he knew that he would have to do something to save his own life.

物sth. run out. 某物用尽了。 人sb. run out of sth. 人用尽了某物。He run out of all his money last night.

22. risk (sb.) to do sth. 冒险去做某事 take a risk=take risks 冒险

23. the importance of (doing) sth.（做）某事的重要性

We students should know the importance of (learning) English.

importance n. 重要（性）， important adj.重要的，unimportant adj.不重要的

decision 【名词】决定；抉择； make a decision 做决定 ;

make a decision to do sth.= decide to do sth. 。

二、重点语法

【反身代词】英语中共有八个反身代词，在使用时应注意和它所指的相应的对象在人称、性别、数上保持一致。

【用法】

1. 可用作宾语，指的是宾语和主语表示同一个或同一些的人或事物。

如：Maria bought herself a scarf. We must look after ourselves very well.

2. 可用作表语，指的是表语和主语表示同一个或同一些人或事物。 如： She isn ’t quite herself today.

3. 可用作主语或宾语的同位语，常用来加强语气。

如：She herself will fly to London tomorrow. I met the writer himself last week.

4. 用在某些固定短语当中。

look after oneself / take care of oneself 照顾自己 teach oneself sth./ learn sth. by oneself 自学 enjoy oneself 玩得高兴，过得愉快 help oneself to sth 请自用……（随便吃/喝些……）. hurt oneself 摔伤自己

say to oneself 自言自语

leave sb. by oneself 把某人单独留下

buy oneself sth.给自己买……东西

introduce oneself 介绍……自己

Unit 2 I’ll help to clean up the city parks

1. sick 生病的，有病的；可在句中作表语Mary could not come because she is sick.

也可作定语a sick child

【区别ill】ill与sick同义；但是只在句中做表语，不做定语。Mary could not come because she is ill.

2. cheer (sb.) up（让某人）变得高兴；振奋起来The good news cheered up everyone in our class.

3. give out分发；散发，相当于hand out，The teacher is giving out/ handing out the test papers.

give sth. out to sb. 意为把某物分发给某人。

4. volunteer 【名词】志愿者【动词】义务做，自愿做（某事）volunteer to do sth. 自愿做某事，

The girls could volunteer in an after-school study program.

5. used to do sth.过去/曾经(常)做某事，表示过去的习惯、动作或状态，并强调现在已经不再存在或发生。

There used to be a cinema here. 这里曾有一个照相机。

They told me stories about the past and how things used to be. 他们告诉我关于这里过去的故事。

6. alone 【形容词】独自一人的，无感情色彩：The musician enjoyed living alone and writing songs himself. lonely （感到）孤独寂寞的，带有很强的感情色彩，可做表语或定语。The lonely boy is not lonely now.

7. care for sb./sth.照顾；照料……

care 【名词】小心，关心take care of=look after →【动词】care about sb./sth.关心，在意某人/事→【形容词】careful 仔细的 / careless 粗心的→【副词】carefully 仔细地

8. such “这样的，这种，如此”，用于修饰名词

such+ a/ an+形容词+单数名词：such a good day 多么美好的一天 /such an exciting match 多么精彩的比赛

such+形容词+复数名词/不可数名词：such important decisions 多么重要的建议 such delicious food 多么美味的食物

如果名词前被many, much, few, little修饰时，只能用so，而不用such：so many sick children/ so little time

9. try out for…参加…选拔，争取成为…Thirty football players tried out for the Best Player of the year. try out试用，试验

10. journey 【名词】（尤指长途）旅行，行程；trip【名词】多指短途旅行；

travel【名词、动词】travel around the world →【名词】traveler旅行者

11.【复习】be busy with sth. 忙于（做）什么事情 be busy doing sth. 忙于（做）什么事情

12.【复习】try doing sth. 试着去做某事 try to do sth. 尽力去做某事 try one’s best (to do sth.) 尽某人最大的努力去做某事

13.【复习】be worried about sb./ sth. = worry about sb./ sth. 担心某人、某事

14. raise money集资，筹钱；raise money for…为……筹钱

raise【动词】举起；提高；募集

15. keep【动词】keep+名词，保留（某物）；keep+形容词，保持

16.【形容词】broken破损的，出毛病的；blind瞎的，失明的；deaf聋的；disabled有残疾的，丧失能力的；在句中做定语和表语。

make it possible (for sb.) to do sth.使（某人）做某事成为可能，

You helped to make it possible for me to have Lucky.

make it +形容词(+for sb.) to do sth. 使（某人）做某事成为…；

think/find it +形容词to do sth.

18. make a difference to…对……有影响；对……有作用，difference前可以用no, any, some, much等修饰，如

The rain made no difference to the game.

Hard-working makes much difference to study.

19. difficulty【可数/不可数】表示抽象意义的“困难”时为不可数；表示具体的“难题、难事”时为可数；

have difficulty (in) doing sth.= have trouble (in) doing sth. 做某事有困难

20. train【动词】训练，trained为过去分词，可做定语，意为“受过训练的”a trained dog

21. be excited about sth. 对某事感到兴奋，Everyone is excited about the good news.

【复习】excited意为兴奋的，修饰人；exciting意为令人兴奋/激动的，修饰物。

Unit3 Could you please clean your room?

Peter ,could you please take out the trash? 彼得，你能把垃圾倒了吗？

Could you please do sth ?请你（做）......好吗？用于提出请求，希望得到对方的肯定回答，说话的语气比较

客气委婉。

Could 不是can的过去式，是委婉、礼貌的说法。回答用can.

【常用答语】肯定回答：Sure./ Of course./ Certainly./No problem. 否定回答： Sorry , I can’t

2、take out 取出（v+ adv）

【注】: 跟代词做宾语，代词放中间；跟名词做宾语，可放在中间，也可放在后边

His teeth hurt badly. The dentist take them out .

【短语】take out the trash 倒垃圾 take a walk 散步 take away 拿走，取走

take back 收回 take place 发生 take off 脱下；起飞

3. Can you do the dishes.？那你可以洗盘子吗？

do the dishes 洗碗

【结构1】do the +名词： do the dishes/ laundry 洗餐具/衣服

【结构2】do the +动词-ing do the cleaning 打扫卫生

【结构3】do one’s + 名词 do one’s housework/ homework 做家务/家庭作业

【结构4】do some +动词-ing do some reading/ shopping 读写书/购物

Could I at least finish watching this show? 至少让我看完这个节目可以吗？

1】Could I do a sth? 我可以做......吗？

用于表达请求，语气比较委婉。 Could I go out with my classmate this weekend?

2】at least 至少，多指数量或程度上的最低限度。(反) at most 至少，不超过

Now all of us exercise at least an hour a day and outside school.

3】finish v 结束；完成 finish doing sth 做完某事

— Can you finish __reading__ these books before 10 o'clock? — Yes, I can.

5、I think two hours of TV is enough for you! 我觉得你看两个小时的电视已经足够了。

1】two hours of TV 表示时间、距离、金额、度量等词语作主语时，通常被视作整体，谓语动词用单数形式。

How time is flies! Three years __is_____(be) really a short time.

【解析2】’t have enough money with me.

充分（放在形容词；副词后）The river is deep enough for swimming. 【记】’t kind enough to help others.

【注意】enough 修饰名词时，置于名词前；修饰形容词时，置于形容词之后。

【拓展】take 构成的短语：

take a walk 去散步 take a rest 休息 take care of 照顾 take off 脱下；起飞 take up 占据 take down 拿下 take one’s time 不急；慢慢来 take one’s temperature 量体温

7. The minute I sat down in front of the TV, my mom came over .

我刚坐在电视机前面，我妈妈就过来了。

【解析1】the minute = as soon as “一...... 就......” Please write to me the minute you get there. 【解析2】 in front of

指在物体外部的前面

There is a bike in front of the classroom.

【辨析】

指在物体内部的前面

【记】 The driver sat _____in the front of___________ the car. The policeman stood ___in front of________ the car.

【注意】有the无the区别大：

at table 吃饭；进餐 in hospital 住院

at the tabel 在桌边 in the hospital 在医院（不一定看病）

【解析3】come over 过来

【拓展】 come 短语：

come across（偶然）发现 come back 回来 come up with想出

come true实现 come down下来 come from=be from来自,出生于

come in/into进入,进来 come on赶快,加油 come along走吧,过来,快点

come and go来来去去 come up上来 come out出来，(花)开，(照片)冲洗出来

7. You watch TV all the time and never help out around the house! 你总是看电视，从不帮忙做家务！

all the time = always 一直；总是

8. I’m just as tired as you are! 我和你一样累！【解析】as...as ... 和......一样......

9. For one week , she did not do any housework and neither did I. 一周的时间，她不做任何家务，我也不做。

【解析】neither +助动词/系动词/情态动词 +主语“某人（主语）也不”

⑴ neither两者都不

neither …nor…既不…也不…,连接两个词做主语，谓语动词由后一个主语确定Neither Tom nor Jim is a student ⑵表达“…也不……”则用“Neither /Nor + be / V助 / V情 + 主”

—The first one wasn’t bad. — Neither was the second.

10. The next day , my mom came home from work to find the house clean and tidy.

第二天，妈妈下班回到家后发现房间很干净、整洁。

【解析】find +宾语+宾语补足语

【注】find → found →found v寻找

(1) find sb. doing sth 发现某人做某事

(2) find it + adj. + to do sth 发现做某事很……

◆find it difficult/ hard to do sth 发现做某事很困难 She found _it__ hard to finish the work by herself.

11. She asked in surprise.她吃惊地问道。

【解析】in surprise 惊奇地；吃惊地

surprise v 使吃惊→surprising adj. 令人吃惊的→surprised adj. 吃惊的

to one’s surprise 使某人吃惊的是 in surprise 吃惊地 be surprised at 对……感到吃惊

To my surprise_(使我吃惊的是），he got the first prize in the exam.

12. “ I’m do sorry, Mom. I finish understand that we need to share the housework to have a clean and comfortable home.” I replied.

“对不起，妈妈。我终于理解为了拥有一个干净、舒适的家我们需要共同来分担家务。”我回答说。

【解析1】need v 需要

用于肯定句，是实义动词。

(1)人做主语，sb. need to do sth 某人需要做某事

(2)物做主语，sth need doing sth= sth need to be done

用于否定句或疑问句，是情态动词

(1)needn’t = don’t have to 没有必要

(2)need ,must 引导的一般疑问句，肯定会的用must,否定回答用needn’t

— Must I go there now? — Yes，you must/No, you needn’t

【解析2】share 分享；共用 share sth 分享或共用某物 share sth with sb. 与某人分享某物

13.Could I hang out with my friends after the movie? 看完电影后我能和朋友们一起闲逛吗？

【解析】hang out 闲逛 hang up 把......悬挂/挂起

14. Could you please pass me the salt?你能把盐递给我吗？

【解析】pass ⑴v 给；递；走过；通过 pass sb.sth 把某物递给某 Pass on 传递

Please pass the paper on to the other students.

⑵ v 通过；路过 I pass your home.

⑶ v 通过（考试）；及格 Tom can pass his math exam.

15. Could I borrow that book?我能借下你那本书看吗、

Could you lend me some money?你能借我一些钱吗？

【解析】borrow /lend/keep

(1)borrow 借入 ,与from 连用，尤指主语“【借进来”】

borrow sth from sb. 从某人那里借某物 You can borrow the book from the library.

(2)lend 借出 ,与to 搭配【指借出去】

lend sb sth=lend sth to sb 把某物借给某人He doesn’t want to lend his book to others.

(3)keep 保留，保存（延续动词，可以与表示一段时间的状语连用）【指借一段时间】

16. I cut my finger and I’m trying not to get it wet.

我的手指割伤了，伤口不能弄湿。

【解析】try (not) to do sth努力（不）做某事。

try v 试图，设法，努力

【拓展】 (1)try on 试穿

(2) try to do sth 努力做某事【侧重尽力做】

(3) try doing sth 试图做某事【侧重尝试做】

(4)try one’s best to do sth= do one’s best to do sth 尽某人最大努力做某事

17. I hate to do chores. 我讨厌做家务。

hate to do sth 讨厌做某事, 表示某次具体行为或动作。 I hate to trouble him.

hate doing sth不愿意做某事表示经常或习惯性行为或动作。 She hates smoking in her room.

18.Could I ask you to help me with some chores then?

那我能请求你帮我做些杂活吗？

【解析】ask sb. to do sth 要求某人做某事。 ask for 请求，要某物

ask sb. about sth 向某人询问关于某事

(1)ask sb. for help 向某人请求帮助 (2) ask sb. (not) to do sth请求某人做某事

ask构成的短语：

19.I’ll finish my homework while you help me with the dishes. 当你帮我洗盘子的时候，我将完成我的家庭作业。

【解析1】finish doing sth 完成某事

— Can you finish _reading__ these books before 10 o’clock? — Yes, I can.

【解析2】while conj. “在……期间；当……的时候”

While 引导的时间状语从句的谓语动词只能是延续动词。

_While __ the children have fun, parents can take dance lessons on the beach.

【解析3】help sb. with sth. 在某事上帮助某人。

【注】help v 帮助→ helpful adj. 有帮助的

(1)help sb. do sth. =help sb. with sth. 帮助某人做某事

(2)with the help of sb.=with one’s help在某人的帮助之下

(3)without the help of 没有在…的帮助之下

①I think reading is very __helpful____(help).

② __Without____ your help, we couldn’t catch the thief.

20. Could I invite my friends to a party? 我能邀请我的朋友们来聚会吗？

【解析】invite sb. to Sp. 邀请某人去某地

【解析】invite v → invitation n邀请

(1) invite sb. to do sth 邀请某人做某事

(2)invite sb. to +地点邀请某人去某地

21.I don’t understand why some parents make their kids help with housework and chores at home.

我不理解为什么有些父母在家让孩子们帮忙做家务和杂务。

【解析】make sb. do sth 让某人做某事

make → made →made v. 做，制作，使得

(1) make sb/sth + 形容词“让某人或某物…” make you happy

(2) make sb/sth do sth 使某人做某事 make me laugh.

Colors can change our moods and make us _feel__ happy or sad, energetic or sleep.

22.They don’t have time to study and do housework，too.

他们也没有时间来学习家务和做家务。

【解析】have time to do sth.有时间做某事

have time =be free 有空

23. Housework is a waste of their time. 做家务是在浪费他们的时间。

【解析】a waste of 浪费 a waste of time 浪费时间 a waste of money 浪费金钱

waste v “浪费”

waste time/money on sth waste time / money (in) doing sth 在做某事上花费时间/金钱

Don’t ____waste______water. Can’t you see the sign “save water”?

24.They should spend their time on schoolwork in order to get good grades and

get into a good university. 为了取得好成绩并考上一所好大学，他们应该把时间用在学习上。

【解析1】spend... on sth 在某事上花费......

spend/pay/cost/take 花费

(1)spend→spent→spent v 花费,主语是人

◆ sb.+ spend +时间/钱+on sth ◆sb. +spend +时间/钱+（in） doing sth

◆spend on= pay for 支付

He spends too much time on the computer games.

Remember to spend some time _with_ your loved ones, because they’re not going to be around forever. My father __spent___ one hundred thousand yuan on his new car.

(2) pay →paid →paid v 支付，主语是人

◆sb.+ pay + 钱+for sth I pay 10 yuan for the book.

— How much did you __pay__ for this computer? — Five hundred dollars.

(3) cost→ cost→ cost v 花费，主语是某物或某事

◆sth cost sb. +钱某物花费某人多少钱

A new computer costs me a lot of money.

I bought a new sweater last weekend. It ___cost_ me 120 yuan.

(4)take→took → taken v 花费

◆It takes /took sb. some time to do sth. 做某事花费某人多长时间

It takes him 3 hours to do his homework.

【解析2】in order to “目的是；为了”后接动词原形。 in order to do sth 为了做某事

He ran quickly in order not __to be___ late for the meeting.

【解析3】get into =enter 进入

【拓展】与get相关的短语：

get up 起床 get back 返回 get over 克服

get dressed穿衣 get into进入 get/be lost丢失 get off/on下/上车

get on well with sb.与某人相处得好 get out of从…出来 get warm 变暧

get ready for +n.为…做准备 get ready to do sth.准备做某事

get well康复 get a chance 有机会、得到机会

get/go to sleep(fall asleep)入睡相关：(be asleep睡着)

25.Also,when they get older, they will have to do housrwork so there’s no need for them to do it now. 而且，当他们长大的时候，他们也将会做家务，因此，他们没必要现在在做。

【解析】get older 长大

get/ become/ go辨析：

⑴ get+adj较多地与形容词比较级连用。 The days are getting longer and longer.

⑵ become 强调变化的结果 It's becoming colder and colder.

⑶go+adj.''表示令人不快的事情 go bad变坏，go blind变瞎，go hungry挨饿

26. It is the parents’ job to provide a clean and comfortable environment at home for their children. 在家为孩子们提供一个干净、舒适的环境是父母的义务。

【解析】provide sth. for sb. 为某人提供某物

provide v 提供

provide sb. with sth. (sb 前介词用for) =provide sth for sb.( sth 前需加介词with)供应某人某物

相当于：offer sb. sth. = offer sth to sb.

①The Internet provides us _with__a lot of _information___we need.

②—Could you please provide us _with___ some information about the students’ health? — Of course, it’s my pleasure.

27. And anyway, I think doing chores is not so difficult. 无论如何，我认为做家务并不那么难。

【解析】anyway 无论如何, (一般放在句首，用逗号和句子隔开）

28. I think it is important for children to learn how to do chores and help their parents with housework. 我认为对孩子们来说，学习如何做杂务并帮助他们的父母做家务是很重要的。

【解析】It is important for sb. to do sth. 对某人来说做某事是重要的

29. Children these days depend on their parents too much. 现在的孩子太依赖他们的父母。

【解析】depend on 依靠；信赖

—— Shall we go for a picnic tomorrow? —— Well, it all ___depends on____ the weather.

30. ... Everyone should do their part in keeping it clean and tidy.

每个人都有责任保持家里的干净和整洁。

【解析1】 do one’s part 尽职责；尽本分 Do one’s part in doing sth 在做某事上尽职责

【解析2】keep +sth /sb. +adj. “使......处于某种状态”

Her mother asked her to keep the windows __open__ and the door __closed__.

keep 系动词“保持” keep + adj . We must keep healthy.

实义动词“保持；继续”

keep ( on ) doing sth 继续做某事 He was in great pain but he kept on working

He kept on __ talking__ after the ball rang for class.

(2) keep sb. Doing sth 让某人一直做某事 I’m sorry to have kept you waiting for so long.

My teacher kept me __doing___ homework all the afternoon.

Unit 4 Why don’t you talk to your parents?

Why don’t you talk to your parents? 你为什么不和你打父母谈谈呢？

【解析】Why don't you do sth ?= Why not do sth? 为什么不......呢？

【拓展】用于提建议的句型有：

(1)What about doing sth ?=How about doing sth? ….怎么样？

(2)Why don’t you do sth?= Why not do sth? 为什么不呢？

(3)Let’s do sth.让我们一起做某事吧。

(4)Shall we/I do sth?我们做…好吗？

(5)had better do/not do sth 最好做/不做某事

(6) Will/Would you please do sth 请你做…好吗？

(7) Would you like to do sth? 你想去做某事吗？

(8)Would you mind doing sth？你介意做某事吗？

【回答】

(1). 同意对方的建议时，一般用：

◆ Good idea./ That’s good idea. 好主意

◆OK/ All right./ Great 好/ 行/太好了

◆ Yes, please ./ I’d love to 是的/ 我愿意◆ I agree with you 我同意你的看法

◆ No problem 没问题

◆Sure/ Of course/ Certainly 当然可以

◆Yes, I think so 对，我也这样想

(2).对对方的帮助或要求表示委婉谢绝时，一般用：

◆ I don’t think so 我认为不是这样

◆Sorry, I can’t 对不起，我不能

◆I’d love to, but…

◆ I’m afraid…我愿意，但恐怕……

I have to study too much so I don’t get enough sleep. 我要学的太多，因此我睡眠不足。

【解析1】(1)too many + 复数名词许多 too many people

(2)too much +不可数名词许多 too much homework

(3)much too +形容词太… much too cold

My parents don’t allow me to hang out with my friends. 我的父母不允许我和我的朋友们出去闲逛。

【解析】allow sb. to do sth 允许某人做某事

【拓展】allow v 允许

allow doing sth 允许做某事 They don’t allow smoking.

allow sb. to do sth 允许某人做某事My mother allows me to watch TV.

be allowed to do sth 被允许做某事

【拓展】allow与let的辨析：

allow指“允许”，表示“默许，听任，不加阻止”，

allow sb to do sth允许某人做某事。

Let指“让”，let sb do sth让某人做某事，语意较弱，多用于口语中，let不能用于被动语态。

4. What’s wrong? 怎么啦？

【解析】What’s wrong( with sb./ sth) （某人/物）怎么了？

I’m really tried because I studied until midnight last night. 我真的很累，因为我昨天晚上一直学习到半夜。

【解析】until 直到......时

【解析】go to sleep 去睡觉 (强调“入睡，睡着”这一动作）

7. You look sad, Kim. 金，你看起来很伤心。

【解析】look 看起来（系动词，后跟形容词作宾语）

【拓展】：系动词：后跟adj. 作表语

一是：（be） am /is /are be quiet=keep quiet 保持安静

二保持：stay/keep （表示持续状态） stay healthy=keep healthy 保持健康

三变化：become/get/turn （表示状态变化）

五起来：sound/look/smell/taste/feel （表示感觉）

【解析】call up (v + adv) call on 拜访；号召 I call up my parents every Sunday.

9.Well, I found my sister looking through my things yesterday. 哦，昨天我发现我妹妹翻了我的东西。【解析1】find sb. doing sth 发现某人正在做某事Mr. Wang found Li Dong reading a storybook in the class. 类似动词：hear，watch, see, feel

【拓展】与look相关的短语：

look for look after=take care of look like look the same look over look through

look out look up look around look forward to

10. Yes, but I’m still angry with her. 是的，但是我仍然很生她的气。

【解析】be angry with sb. 生某人的气

【拓展】angry adj. 生气的→ angrily adv. 生气地

(1)be angry with sb. =be mad at sb. 对某人生气【with后接人】

(2)be angry at/about sth对某事感到生气【at后接事】

(3)be angry to do sth 做某事感到生气

11.Although she’s wrong, It’s not a big deal. 尽管她错了，但也不是什么大错。

【解析1】although= though 尽管 , 用来引导让步状语从句。

【注】though / although 不能与but连用

【拓展】although/however辨析

⑴although conj，“虽然；即使；纵然”，引导让步状语从句时放在主句前后都可。

Although he is very old, yet he is quite strong.他虽然年纪大了，但身体还很健壮。

⑵ however adv，在句中作插入语，起一个连词的作用，一般用逗号与句子分开，可以放在句首或句中，意为“然而，尽管如此”。

It’s raining hard, However, I think we should go out.雨下的很大。尽管如此，我认为我们还应该出去。【解析2】It’s not a big deal. 没什么大不了；不是什么大事（常用于口语中）

You left your homework at home. 你把作业忘在家里了。

【解析】leave v 遗忘，留下 leave sth . somewhere把某物忘在某地 leave sb. by oneself 把某人单独留下

12. Hope things work out. 希望事情顺利解决。

【解析1】hope v 希望

hope to do sth I hope to visit Guilin. hope + that 从句（表示希望） I hope that you’ll be better soon

wish v 希望 wish to do sth I wish to visit Guilin.

wish sb.to do sth 希望某人做某事 I wish you to go.

wish +that 从句表示愿望，从句用虚拟语气 I wish I were you.

【解析2】work out 解决；成功地发展，后跟fine,well, badly等词，表明产生的结果如何。

13.My problem is I can’t get on with my favorite. 我的问题是我不能喝我的家人和睦相处。

【解析】get on with sb. 和某人和睦相处；和某人关系良好 =get along with get on well/ badly with 相处的好/坏

14.When they argue, it’s like a big, black cloud hanging over our home.当他们争吵的时候，就像有一大团乌云笼罩在我们家。

【解析1】argue 争吵

→argument n 争论 have an argument with sb.与某人辩论

argue with sb. 与某人争吵 argue with sb. about sth 为某事与某人争吵 argue about sth 争论某事argue against 争辩；反对 He argued against the plan

【解析2】 hang over 挂在......之上；悬浮在......之上

hang out 闲逛；常去某处 He likes reading and he often hangs out in the bookshop.

hang on to 紧紧抓住 You’d better hang on to me in the crowd.

hang up 挂电话；悬挂 After she finished her conversation

15.Also, my elder brother is not very nice to me.

【解析2】be nice to sb. 对某人友好 be friendly to sb. be good to sb.

16.He always refuses to let me watch my favorite TV show. 他总是拒绝让我看我最喜欢的电视节目。

【解析】refuse =say no to v拒绝 refuse to do sth拒绝去做某事

17.Instead he watches whatever he wants until late at night.

相反，他却想看什么酒看什么，一直到深夜。

【解析1】 instead 代替，反而，替

(1) instead 副词，代替，常放在句首或句尾,表示前面的事情没做，而做了后面的事情。

Lee was ill so I went instead.李病了，所以我去了。

(2) instead of +n/doing 代替，而不是，放在句中

instead of 为介词短语，后面一般接名词、代词、介词短语或动名词形式。

She wrote to him instead of calling him.=She didn’t call him. She wrote to him instead.

她没有给他打电话，而是给他写了封信。

【解析2】 whatever = no matter what 任何，每一

【解析】 offer to do sth 主动提出做某事

【拓展】offer v 主动给予

(1) offer to do sth 主动提出做某事

(2)offer sb. sth= offer sth to sb. 主动提供给某人某物

19.Secondly,why don’t you sit down and communicate with your brother? 其次，你为什么不能坐下来和你的哥哥交流一下呢？

【解析1】secondly adv.第二；其次

【解析2】communicate v交流 communication n 交流；沟通communicate with sb. 和某人交流

20.You should explain that you don’t mind him watching TV all the time. 你应该跟他解释说你并不介意他一直看电视。

【解析】explain 解释；说明→ explanation n 解释；说明

explain sth to sb. 向某人解释某事。 explain to sb sth给某人解释某事

21. I’m worried about my school grades. 我很胆小我的学习成绩。

【解析】 be worried about sth. 担心某事

【拓展】worry v 担心→ worried adj. 焦急的 worry about = be worried about 为……担心

22.My cousin borrows my things without returning them.我堂弟借我东西没有还我。

【解析】return ⑴v 归还=give back return ... to ... = give back to ... 把......还给......

⑵ v 回来；返回 = come back

23.My parents give me a lot of presure about school.我父母在学习上给了我很多压力。

【解析】press v 按；压→pressure压力

⑴不可数名词（物理学）压力air pressure 气压 blood pressure 血压

⑵不可数名词还可指精神上、外界施加的压力 = stress under pressure 在压力下

24.I have to compete with my classmates at school.在学校我不得不和我的同学们竞争。

【解析】compete v竞争；对抗→ competition n 竞争

compete with sb. 和某人竞争compete against/ with 与……竞争compete for 为……参加比赛

【解析】improve =make ... better 改进→improvement n 提高

26.Who gives their opinions about the problem? 对于这个问题都有谁提出了他们自己的观点。

【解析】opinion n 意见；想法；看法 in one’s opinion 以某人的观点；在某人看来

give opinions about sth. 给出关于某事的观点。

27.These days , Chinese children are sometimes busier on weekends than weekdays because they have to take so many after-school classes .目前，中国的孩子有时周末比平常还要忙，因为他们不得不上那么多的课后辅导班。

【解析】some time /sometime/some times/sometimes

【口诀】：分开是一段，合起是某时；分开s 是倍次，合起s是有时

(1) some time一段时间，做时间状语 It takes sb. some time to do sth. 做某事花费某人多长时间

(2) sometime adv 在某个时候，

(3) some times 名词词组，“几次，几倍” Mr. Green went to Sanya some times last summer.

(4)sometimes=at times 有时（一般现在时的标志词）

28. Others are practicing sports so that they can compete and win. 其他人正在练习体育运动，这样他们就能参与竞争并获胜。

【解析】 others pron. “其他的人或事物”There are other ways of doing it. 做这事还有其他的办法。29.The Taylors are a typical American family.泰勒一家是一个典型的美国之家。

【解析1】The Taylors 泰勒一家。在姓氏的复数前加冠词the表示“全家人或夫妻两人”，使用时注意主语和谓语保持一致。The Blacks are getting ready for the holiday.

【解析】typical 典型的 be typical of “是……的特点”

30.. Maybe I could cut out a few of their activities, but I believe these activities are important for my children’s future.

或许我可以减少他们的一些活动，但是我相信这些活动对孩子们的未来很重要。

【解析】cut out 删除；删去 (v+adv) You’d better cut out that sentence.

cut up 切碎 cut down 砍到 cut in 插队 cut off 切断（水、电）供应

31. I really want them to be successful. 我真的很想他们成功。

【解析】successful 成功的【拓展】 succeed v 成功，达到→success n 成功

→successful adj 成功的→successfully adv成功地

◆succeed in doing sth

32.It’s time for homework.该写作业了。

【解析】It’s time for sth 是到做某事的时候了。It’s time for lunch. It’s time to do sth It’s time to go to school.

In some families, competition starts very young and continues until the kids get older.

在有些家庭，竞争从孩子们很小的时候就开始了，一直持续到他们长大。

【解析】continue 继续；持续

【拓展】continue doing sth =go on doing sth 继续做某事(前后做同一件事)

continue to do sth = go on to do sth 继续做某事（前后不是同一件事）

【拓展】continue，go on, last辨析

⑴continue v.继续，持续，指进程在时间或空间上的延续，强调持续不断，有时也可以指短暂停止后继续进行。He continue the work for two days.他连续两天都在做这项工作。

⑵ go on指无间歇或有间歇地继续，或以某种特定方式继续。

go on to do sth继续做某事，指开始做另外一件事；

go on doing sth继续做原来所做的事情。

After doing his homework, he went on to preview his lessons.做完家庭作业之后，他继续去预习他的研究。

⑶last v.持续，延续，维持，指某事物继续存在或某种现象在时间上延续，说明某一动作要延续一段时间。

She won’t last long in that job.那个工作她做不了多久。

34.Mothers send their small kids to all kinds of classes. 妈妈们把她们的小孩子送去各种各样的辅导班。【解析1】send→ sent → sent v 发送

【短语】： send away 赶走 send for 派人去请

send off 寄出 send out 分发 send up 发射send sb. sth = send sth to sb. 送给某人某物

【注】类似的动词有：show (展示；给……看) give (给) lend (借出) offer（提供） return （归还） tell （告诉）

【解析2】all kinds of 各种各样的

【拓展】kind (1) n 种类

kind of +adj.有点，有几分，kind of cold 有点冷 a kind of 一种的，某种的 all kinds of 各种各样的different kinds of 不同种类的 What kind of…?那种

(2) adj. 友好的 be kind to sb. = be good to sb.=be friendly to sb. 对某人友好

【辨析】kind of 与kinds of:

kind of 单独用，表示“有点”，后接形容词或副词： He is kind of thin.”他有点瘦” I feel kind of hungry.”我有点饿”

Uncle Wang speaks kind of quickly. 王叔叔说得有点快。

若kind of前有a, this, that, what等，译为“种，种类”后加名词。

That kind of question is difficult to answer. 那类问题难回答。What kind of sport do you like best? 你最喜欢何种运动？

35..Kids should have time to relax and think for themselves, too. 孩子们也应该有时间放松和独立思考。【解析】have time to do sth 有时间做某事

二、重点语法

1. 情态动词should与could的用法

should的用法

should为情态动词，表示劝告、建议，意为“应该”，它和其他情态动词一样，没有人称和数的变化，后接动词原形，其否定形式为shouldn’t。

Maybe she should say sorry to you.也许她应该跟你说声对不起。

could的用法

情态动词could既是can的过去式，表示过去的能力，又可以表示谨慎、客气的建议，后接动词原形，其否定形式为couldn’t。

My grandfather could drive well even at the age of eighty.我的祖父甚至到了80岁任然能很好地驾车。You could go out and buy her some medicine. 你可以出去给他买些药。

( ) The girl_____ read before she went to school. A. Could B. Couldn’t C. Should D. May 2.状语从句

状语从句就是在句子中作状语的从句。状语从句有好几种，如时间状语从句、原因状语从句、条件状语从句、

结果状语从句、目的状语从句等。本单元重点讲述以下三种类型的状语从句。

1).until引导的时间状语从句

until意为“直到；在........之前”。注意until和not.....until在用法上的区别。

Until：在带有till或until引导的时间状语从句里

如果主句用肯定式，其含义是“一直到……时”，谓语动词只能用延续性动词。如果主句用否定式，其含义是“直到……才……”, 谓语动词可用瞬间动词。

The young man read till the light went out. Let’s wait until the rain stops.

We won’t start until Bob come Don’t get off until the bus stops. Continue in this direction until you see a sign.

一直朝着这个方向走直到你看见一个指示牌。

I didn’t wake up until I heard the alarm clock. 直到听到闹钟的铃声我才醒来。

2).so that引导的目的状语从句

so that是连词，意为“为的是，以便”，引导目的状语从句。

注意so that, in order that和in order to在用法上的区别。

Let me take down your telephone number so that I can call you later.让我记下你的号码，为的是以后好打电话给你。

3). although引导的状语从句

although的用法意思相当于though（尽管，虽然），用来引导让步状语从句。它所引导的从句不能与并列连词but，and， so等连用，但可以和yet， still等词连用。

① Although the book was old, we decided to buy it.尽管这本书很旧，我们还是决定买。

② Although he was tired, he went on working.

Although he had only entered the contest for fun, he won first prize.尽管他参加这次竞赛只不过是闹着玩而已，却赢得了头等奖。

Unit5 What were you doing wneh the rainstorm came?

过去进行时态

⑴ .用法：①过去某个时间正在发生的动作 He was cooking at six last night. 昨天晚上六点，他正在做饭。

②过去某段时间正在发生的动作

I was staying here from March to May last year.去年从3月到5月，我一直呆在这里。

⑵ .与过去进行时连用的时间状语，常见的有 at nine last night/ at that time= then/at this time yesterday /

或有when the teacher came in/ while he was reading的提示

⑶过去进行时的构成：was\were +现在分词

⑷过去进行时的四个基本句型

肯定句 He was cooking at six last night.

否定句 He was not cooking at six last night.

一般疑问句 Was he cooking at six last night?

两回答 Yes ,he was. No, he wasn’t.

特殊疑问句 What was he doing at six last night?

⑸过去进行时的固定句型

Jim was reading when the teacher came in. 当老师进来的时候，吉姆正在读书。

Jim was reading while Kate was watching TV.

在凯特正在看电视的同时，吉姆正在读书。

Jim came in while Kate was watching TV. 在凯特正在看电视的时候，吉姆进来了。

⑹请比较 He watched TV last night. （过去时间last night, 用一般过去时）

He was watching TV at nine last night. (过去时间last night+点时间at nine, 用过去进行时)

【解析2】 at the time of 在...... 的时候 （常用于过去进行时）

【解析3】rainstorm n 暴风雨 raincoat 雨衣 raindrop 雨滴

2. My alarm didn ’t go off so I ___ up late. 我的闹钟没有响，因此我____晚了。

【解析1】alarm n 闹钟 an alarm clock 一个闹钟

【解析2】go off 发出响声, (闹钟)闹响 ，离开 The alarm went off just now. 刚才警钟响了

【短语】 go over 复习 go away 离开

go by (时间)过去 go for a walk 出去散步go fishing/shopping/skating/swimming 去钓鱼/去买东西/去溜冰/去游泳

【解析】heavily adv 在很大程度上

【注】heavy 改y 为i +ly 变为adv ,类似的adj 还有：

【解析】miss v ①错过 (后接名词、代词或动车ing ） Be quick! Or you will miss the early bus.

②想念；思念

③ n 用于姓名或姓之前，是对未婚女子的称呼，但首字母要大写，“小姐；女生”

6. That ’s strange. 真奇怪

【解析】strange adj. 奇怪的 →strangely adv 奇怪地 →stranger n 陌生人

让人感觉这是在午夜。

【解析1】with + n +adv ，在句中做伴随状语

with +n +adj. She can see stars in the dark sky with the window open

【解析2】feel like doing sth = would like/want to do sth 想要做某事

【解析】report v 报道 → reporter n 记者

make a report 做报告 weather report 天气预报give a report 作报告 It ’s reported that … 据报道

那么，当暴风雨突然来临的时候，你正在做什么呢？

【解析】so 的用法：

【解析1】I see . 我知道了。 （表示通过别人提醒而明白、了解）

【拓展】 see sb. do sth 看到某人做某事 see sb. doing sth 看到某人正在做某事

【解析2】either 也

【辨析】also /too/as well/ either

(1) also 也，用于肯定句句中，用在实义动词之前，系动词、助动词、情态动词之后。

(2) too 也， 用于肯定句句末 (3) either 也 ，通常放于否定句末

11.Ben ’s dad was putting pieces of wood over the windows while his mom was making sure the flashlights and radio were working .

本的爸爸正在把木头块搭在窗户上面，而他的妈妈正在确保手电筒和收音机能正常使用。

【解析1】while 当......的时候

【解析2】make sure 确信； 确保

make sure to do sth Please make sure to turn off the computer when you leave

make sure of Do you know the time of the train? You ’d better make sure of it.

【解析3】work 运转；发挥作用 The madicine doesn ’t work.

【拓展】work 有三个意思很容易弄混：

表示“工作”，是不可数名词：

He has too much work to do. 他要做的工作太多。

work →worker

⑵. 表示“著作”或“作品”，是可数名词，但多用复数：

He has read many of Hemingway ’s works.

⑶ 表示“工厂”，只用复数形式，但可表示单数意义：

The glass works （=factory) is [are] near the station. 玻璃工 厂在车站附近。

当雨点开始重重地打在窗户上的时候，本正在帮助他的妈妈做晚饭。

【解析1】.beat 与win 辨析

????????????++比赛、游戏奖杯、奖牌战争或球队等）比赛、竞争对手（如人获胜，赢得win beat

We beat them by the score of 2 to 1. 我们以2:1赢了他们。

Which team won the football match? 哪个对赢了那场足球赛？

【解析2】heavily 在很大程度上；大量地

【拓展】heavy adj. 重的（反） light → heavily adv 猛烈地

【注】形容雨雪下得大用heavily/hard

【解析3】 against 倚；碰；撞

⑴表示“反对”，其反义词为for。若表示“强烈反对”，一般用副词strongly：

Are you for or against the plan? 你对这个计划是赞成还是反对呢?你对这个计划是赞成还是反对

⑵表示位置，意为“靠着”、“顶着”、等： The teacher’s desk is against the wall. 老师的办公桌靠墙放着。

He stood leaning against the tree. 他站着斜靠在墙上

13. Ben could not sleep at first. 起初，本睡不着。

【解析】 at first 首先；最初

【拓展】(1) at first = at the beginning 最初，开始

【强调在时间顺序或做某事过程等开始之初】

(2) first of all 首先，第一【表明陈述事情的重要性】

14. He finally fell asleep when the wind was dying down at around 3:00 a.m在大约凌晨三点逐渐减弱的时候，本终于睡着了。

【解析1】 fall asleep 进入梦乡；睡着

【拓展】sleep / asleep 辨析：

(1) sleep =be in bed v 睡觉，指睡的动作状态，

(2) get to sleep =fall asleep 入睡，强调进入睡眠的状态

【拓展】fall asleep, sleep, go to sleep, get to sleep, go to bed用法区别。

⑴fall asleep属“连系动词+表语”结构，“入睡；睡着”，指进入梦乡，往往含有“不知不觉就睡着了“的意思。asleep在此作表语形容词。

He was just falling asleep when there was a loud knock at the door. 他刚要入睡时，这时传来了响亮的敲门声。

⑵ sleep指睡觉时的一种状态，是一个延续性的动词。

He likes to sleep for an hour in the afternoon. 他喜欢在下午睡上一个小时。

⑶ go to sleep意为“入睡，睡着”，强调从开始睡到睡着的过程。

I just want to close my eyes and go to sleep as quickly as possible. 我只是想闭上眼睛，尽快地睡上一觉。

⑷get to sleep与go to sleep意思相近，但它强调的是进入睡眠状态。

She was too excited to get to sleep last night. 她昨晚因太激动而不能入睡。

⑸go to bed“就寝”，“上床睡觉”，指上床去睡这个动作，与get up相对应。

The students in our school usually get up at six in the morning and go to bed at half past nine in the evening.

我们学校的学生通常早晨六点起床，晚上九点半睡觉。

【解析2】 die down 逐渐变弱；逐渐消失

【拓展】die down与die out的用法区别：

指火的熄灭时，用die down或die out皆可。

die down往往指火势由强到弱慢慢熄灭，植物慢慢死亡这一过程；

die out则指熄灭这一事实，而且不及die down用的普遍。

die down:反映风、声音、愤怒、掌声、战斗等平息下来。

die out:指家庭、种族、物种、组织、信仰等的消失或消亡。

This kind of bird has died out in the world.这种鸟已经在世界上灭绝了。

15. When he woke up. the sun was rising 当他醒来的时候，太阳已经升起来了。

【解析2】rise 增加；提高；增强；上升，升起

【解析1】过去分词做定语 fallen leaves 落叶

社区。

【解析】 join 加入；参加

【辨析】join/join in/take part in

join=be a member of 参加 ,指加入某种组织，并成为其中的一员。

join the army / party 入伍/ 党 join the club 加入俱乐部

◆ join in 后接活动名称

◆ join sb. 加入到某个人群之中

(2) take part in 参加，指加入群体活动中并在活动中发挥重要作用。

18. turn on the radio 打开收音机

【解析】turn on 打开（反）turn off 关掉

19.When we got to the place of the accident, the car was in bad shape from hitting a

tree. 当我们到达事故现场的时候，看到汽车由于撞在了树上，已经变了些。

【解析】get to 到达get → got→ gotten v 得到

【辨析】get/ reach/ arrive

get to +地点=arrive in/at +地点=reach+地点

get on 上车 get up 起床 get used to 习惯于 get along with sb 与某人相处融洽 get together相聚What event happened at the school yesterday?昨天学校发生了什么事？

【解析】 happen 发生；碰巧（指偶然性发生）

(1) happen v “发生”没有被动语态，主语是物，强调某事发生的偶然性

a. sth. happen to s

b. 某事发生在某人身上What happened to you?=What was wrong with him?

b. sb. happen to do sth. 某人碰巧做某事 She happened ________(be) out when we called.

(2)take place 发生，指事情有计划有安排地发生The sports meeting took place in our school last week.

(3) It happened that…碰巧

20.Kate realized her bag was still at home. 凯特意识到她的包还在家。

【解析】realize v 意识到

⑴ realize + n she didn’t realize her mistake.

⑵ realize +从句 I didn’t realize that you were so unhappy.

21. Robert Allen is now over 50 , but he was a school pupil at that time.

罗柏特。艾伦现在已经50多岁了，但那时候他还只是一名小学生。

【解析】 over= more than 超过

22. When the school basketball competition started, Kate was still making her way to school. 当学校篮球比赛开始的时候，凯特还在去学校的路上。

【解析】 make one’s way to …在某人去……的路上（当后接地点副词时，应省略介词to）

23.Our teacher said, “ Dr. King died just 10 minutes ago. 我们的老师说：“金先生10分钟前去世了”【解析】一段时间+ ago 之前，用于一般过去时

24. We were completely surprised! 我们完全震惊了！

【解析】complete v 完成 adj. 完整的→completely 彻底地；完全地

25.My parents did not talk after that , and we finished the rest of our dinner in silence.之后我的父母没再讲话，我们在沉默中吃完了晚饭。

【解析】 the rest of …“其余的，剩下的” ,做主语时，其谓语动词的数要与the rest of 修饰的名词一致。The rest of meat goes bad. The rest of workers are still working hard.

School closed for the day, and Robert and his friends walked home in silence.

学校停课一天，罗柏特和他的朋友们沉默地走回了家。

【解析】silence n 沉默→ silent 沉默；缄默；无声 in silence 沉默地、无声地 = silently keep silent 保持沉默

26. More recently , most Americans remember what they were doing when the World Trade Center in New York was taken down by terrorists. 最近，大部分美国人还记得当纽约世贸大楼被恐怖分子袭击的时候自己在做什么。【解析1】remember to do sth与remember doing sth的用法区别。

⑴remember to do sth记得去做某事（此事还未做）

Remember to turn off the light when you leave the room. 当你离开房间的时候记得关灯。

⑵remember doing sth记得做过某事（此事已做完）

I remember turning off the light when I left the room.我记得离开房间时关灯了。

【解析2】take down 拆掉；拆毁

【解析3】terror n 恐怖→ terrorist 恐怖分子be full of terror充满恐怖

27. I was so scared that I could hardly think clearly after that.

我很害怕以至于后来我几乎无法正常思考。

【解析】hardly 几乎不；绝不

28.Robert and his friends were surprised to hear the news.

罗柏特和他的朋友们听到这则消息感到很吃惊。

【解析1】be surprised to do sth 做某事很吃惊

【拓展】surprise v 使吃惊→surprising adj. 令人吃惊的

→surprised adj. 吃惊的 to one’s surprise 使某人吃惊的是 in surprise 吃惊地

be surprised at 对……感到吃惊

【解析2】hear的用法 hear意为“听见”，强调听的结果。

【结构】：hear sb. do sth听见某人做某事； hear sb. doing sth听见某人正在做某事

We can often hear some children play on the playground.我们经常能听见一些孩子在操场上玩耍。

I heard my sister singing an English song in her room when I came back.当我回来时，我听见我的姐姐正在她的房间里唱一支英文歌。

hear也有“听说”之意，这时后接that引导的宾语从句。

①hear about意为“听说”，相当于hear of，后面接词或短语。