考研英语语法与词汇总结

语法与词汇总结

1、谓语单复数

Each book and paper is found in its place

No teache and student was here.

Each of us has a tape-recorder.

We each have our meris.

2、不可数名词前有表示数量的复数名词时，谓语动词用复数

Ten thousand tons of coal were produced last year.

3、谓语与最邻近的主语保持一致：

Here is a pen, a few envelops and some paper for you.

There is a pen, a knife and several books on the desk.

4、It is futile to discuss the matter further, because____ going to agree upon anything today.

A.neither you nor I are

B. neither you nor me is

C.neither you nor I am

D.neither me nor you are

析：两个并列主语，用I，不用me，neither nor的谓语动词采取就近原则。

5、不正确的是：

A．New machinery were introduced in the factory

B．Poultry are very expensive in the city.

析：machinery 通常用单数，Poulry指家禽，通常用复数，正确。

6、下列哪个句子包含主谓关系：

A．Mr Smith’s passport B.the visitor’s arrival

C. John’s travel details

D.Children’s stories

析:ACD均为从属关系，B为主谓关系

7、His strong sense of humour was ___ make everyone in the room burst out laughing.

A.So as to

B.such as to

C.so that

D.such that

析：such as to 表示如此。。。以至于。。。。

So as to 表示以便，such that 表示如此…以至于，后面接完整的句子

因此应该选B

8、凡是要重复one 或one’s 的地方，可以用he或者his来代替：

One has to do one’s best.

One who does not take care of his health is likely to be ill at any time.

9、It was as a physician that he presented himself, and ___he was warmly received.

A.As such

B.such as

C.as that

D. so that

析：他是以医生的身份介绍自己的，而且以此身份受到了热情的接待。As such 表示作

为这样的人物，以此身份，符合题意。Such as ,表示例如；so that 之前缺少一个主句

10、You’d better look at the difficulty___.

A.the other way

B. by the other way

C. another way

D. by another way

析:another way 即表示in another way，是省略形式。

11、山河湖海楼沙漠以及各种含有普通名词构成的专有名词，一般都要用定冠词。

The sun is bigger than the moon.

I love the mountains, but hate the sea.

12、bed, church, college, court, hospital, market, office, prison, sea, school, table等名词前，

有定冠词或不定冠词，则表示处所，没有冠词，则表示功能：

go to hospital去医院看病（表示功能）

go to the hospital 去医院（表示处所，可能是去工作或其他）

13、The rising crime rate is ___major concern of ___society.

A.the, the

B. a, /

C. a, the

D./, the

析：rising crime rate是一种忧患，要用不定冠词a 修饰，而society 泛指所有社会，并非特指，故不用冠词，如果指社团，则需要用the,所以选B

14、She has taken great pain to conceal her emotions, and thereby made

them___conspicuous.

A.All the more

B. all the much

C. all more

D.all much

析：all 可用作副词，修饰“the+比较级”，强调更加。故选A

她煞费苦心地隐藏自己的感情，但这样反而使之更加明显。

15、such的两种常用结构：no such …as…和not such a …as…

Land belongs to the city; there is ___thing as private ownership of land.

A.no such a

B. not such

C. not such a

D. no such

析：AB不符合两种结构，排除。There’s no such thing as…为固定搭配用法，这里一定要选D，尽管C语序是对的，但不能选。

16、形容词作为定义出现的顺序口诀：美小圆旧黄，中国木书房。

“美”代表描述或性质，“小”代表大小长短高低，“圆”代表形状，旧代表新旧年龄，黄代表颜色，中国代表来源国籍地区，木代表物质材料质地，书代表用途功能作用，房代表中心名词。

17、nothing like 与as..as..结合：you’re nothing like as critical as you used to be.你一点也

不像过去那样挑剔。

Not so much…as…表示与其。。。不如。。。：Success lies not so much in luck as in hard work.与其说成功在于运气，不如说在于辛勤劳动。

It is not so much the language___ the cultural background that makes the book difficult to understand.

A.But

B. not

C. as

D.like

18、A is to B what C is to D 句型，数与数比较，一般用as表示相似关系：

2 is to 4 as 8 is to 16. As 2 is to 4, （so）8 is to 16. 2比4等于8比16.

18、The less the surface of the ground yields to the weight of a fully-loaded truck, ___ to

the truck.

A.the greater stress is

B.greater is the stress

C. the stress is greater

D. the greater

the stress

析：the+比较级，the+比较级结构表示越…越…前后两个部分应该都使用自热语序，第二句应该为the greater the stress is to the truck.可以省略为the greater the stress to the truck.

19、It was ___we had hoped.

A．more a success than B. a success more than C. as much of a success as D. a success as much as

析：正如我们希望的那样，是个了不起的成功

be much of a/an…了不起，称得上的，可用于as…as…或more…than…:即as much of a/an…

或more of a/an … than.故C正确。

20、what does “ he wisely refused to spend his money”mean?

A.It was wise of him to refuse to spend his money.

B.He refused, in a wise manner, to spend his money.

析：wise实际上是指他明智，而不是拒绝行为明智，所以选择A。

21、The indoor swimming pool seems to be a great deal more luxurious than ___.

A.Is necessary

B. being necessary

C. to be necessary

D. it is necessary

析：than 可以充当从句中的主语，所以选择A

22、Language belongs to eeach member of the society, to the cleaner ____ to the professor.

A.As far as

B. the same as

C. as much as

D. as long as

析：as much as表示与…一样的程度，符合。As far as 表示远到。。至于。。。等等。The same as表示事物一样，不能表示程度一样。

23、Western Nebraska generally receives less snow than _____Eastern Nebraska.

A.in

B. it receives in

C. does

D. it does in

析:选C，倒装，相当于：WN generally receives less snow than Eastern Nebraska receives.

24、I wish I had two times his strength.错！two times 后面只能接可数名词。

25、but,except等介词后接动词作宾语时，通常用不定式，如果前面有do,不定式不带

to,如果前面没有do,不定式通常带to.

例如:I had no choice but to lie down.

He never did anything but watch TV.

I could do nothing except agree

It had no effect except to make him angry.

26、The Clarks haven’t decided yet which hotel _____

A.to stay

B. to stay at

C. is to stay

析：stay 是不及物动词，必须叫上at才完整！故选择B.

27、下面哪个是让步状语从句：

A．For all that he seems to dislike me ,I still like him.

For all表示尽管。

28、“The door was open”“It ____ open. I had locked it myself and the key was in my pocket.”

A. can’t be

B. mustn’t

C. can’t have been

D. mustn’t have been

析：was open,是一般过去时，对过去的否定，用过去完成时，选C

29、I am surprised ___ this city is a dull place to live in.

A. that you should think

B. by what you are thinking

C. that you would think

D. with what you were thinking

析:be surprised that,排除BD，should可以表示惊讶，竟然，而would没有，所以选A

30、Aren’t you tired? I____ you had done enough for today.

A. should have thought

B. must have thought

C. might have thought

D. could have though

析:should have done表示本该做某事而没有做。选A

31、Which of the following sentences expresses willingness?

A. by now she will be eating dinner.

B. my brother will help you with the luggage.

析：A中will be doing表示安排即将发生的事情，并非意愿。所以选B

32、Loudspeakers were fixed in the hall so that everyone ___ an opportunity to hear the speech.

A. ought to have

B. must have

C. may have

D. should have

析：so that 引导目的状语从句，后面接主语+will, would, can ,could,正式场合中，接主语+may, might, shall, should. 所以本题选择D

33、Since the weather is fine, we ___ walk for a while.

A. may

B. must

C. might as well

D.will

析:since引导的句子，主句的语气不适合用May, must 或者will,而应该用might as well,表示不妨。。。所以选C

34、if your car ___ any attention during the first 12 months, take it to an authorized dealer.

A. shall need

B. should need

C. would need

D. will need

析：should可以用在假设句中，加强假设的语气，主句是一般现在时，if引导的条件句要用一般现在时表示将来，而A和D都是将来时态。

35、You ___ Mark anything. It was none of his business.

A. needn’t have told

B. needn’t tell

C. mustn’t have told

D. mustn’t tell

析: needn’t have done sth表示做了本来不必要做的事情。后半句表示tell的动作已发生。B表示建议，C表示猜测，D表示命令。

36、It is not uncommon for there ___ problems of communication between the old and the young.

A. being

B. would be

C. be

D. to be

析：for there to be固定搭配，of there being, about there being固定搭配

37、在like ,love , hate, prefer前有would, should 时，其后只能跟不定式。如：

We would prefer to stay at home.我们宁愿待在家。

38、I never regretted ___ the offer , for it was not where my interest lay.

A．not to accept B. not having accepted C. having not accepted D. not accepting

析：答案一定是regret not doing sth.后悔做某事。而regret 后的内容不强调事情发生的时间，所以选择D。

39、___ at in his way, the situation doesn’t seem to desperate.

A. Looking

B. Looked

C. Being looked

D. To look

析：主语the situation与look 是被动关系，所以排除A，D。looked作状语往往表示原因、时间、伴随等，不表示条件，所以不能选C，选择B。

40、______ no cause for alarm, the old man went back to his room.

A. There was

B. since

C. Being

D. There being

析:作原因状语，相当于As there was，可以选择D。A错误，前后两个为完整的句子，中间没有连词，不正确。Since后面也要接句子，B排除。Being的逻辑主语与后面的句子主语不一致，所以C排除。

41、the man preparing the documents is the firm’s lawer.不相当于下列哪个：

A．the man who has prepared the documents…

B. ……………..who has been preparing ……………..

C………………… who is preparing ………………………….

D………………..who will prepare…………………………….

析:D是一般将来时，未来并不确定，所以选D。

42、What’s the chance of there____ a general election this year?

A. there being

B. there to be

C. there be

D. there going to be

析: of there being.固定搭配！选A

43、All you do now is _____ your homework.

A. complete

B. completing

C. to have completed

析：前面有do, 后面可以不带to，to do 的省略模式，直接用complete.

44、The three men tried many times to sneak across the border into the nerghouting country, ____ by the police each time.

A. had been captured

B. being always capturd

C. only to be captured

D.

unfortunatedly captured

析:only to 表示意料之外，不料，结果，所以选择C。A不能做状语，B现在分词做状语，表示原因或者伴随，意思不对。D只有一次，与三次相矛盾。

45、Time permitting, the celebration will be held as scheduled.

= If time permits

46、There ___ nothing more for discussion, the meeting came to an end half an hour earlier.

A. to be

B. to have been

C. being

D. be

析：伴随，表示条件用there being结构。

47、in that 因为，save that除了。Whether 和if 引导的宾语从句中可以互换使用，但是介

词引导的宾语从句只能接whether,不能用If。

I don’t care whether/if they are following my advice.

It is a question of whether we should go.(不能用If)

48、谓语动词后接两个或两个以上的宾语从句时，第一个从句可以省略that，第二个that 不能省。

49、表语从句可以用whether, as if , as though引导，但不能用if引导。

He looked as if he was going to …

His first question was whether Tom had arrived yet.

50、if 和which不能引导同位语从句：

I have no idea why/when he will be back.

We are not looking into the question whether he is worth trusting.

I made a promise that…

51、doubt在否定句中引导同位语从句通常用that引导，在肯定句中通常用whether引导。

There’s some doubt whether…

I have no doubt that…

52、There’s no doubt ___ the couple did the right thing in coming back home earlier than planned.

A. whether

B. that

53、He’s ___ as a “bellyacher”—he’s always complaining about something.

A．who is known B. whom is known C. what is known D. which is known

析：he’s 后面接标语从句，连接词既引导表语从句，又在从句中做主语，只有what可以。故选C

54、She managed to save ___ she could out of her wages to help her brother.

A. how little money

B. so little money

C. such little money

D.what little money

析：空格处应该是she could save out的宾语，所以应该用what引导。故答案未D

55、I’ve never been to Lhasa, but that’s the city___.

A. I’d most like to visit

B. which I like to visit most

C. where I like to visit

D. I’d like much to visit

析：引导定语从句的that如果在从句中作宾语，可以省略，所以A省略的that引导词，可以选。C中，where不能引导宾语从句。D中，much的位置不对，应该是I’d much like to visit.

56、只能用that不能用which引导的定语从句：先行词是all, everything, nothing, something, anything, little, none, few等不定代词，先行词是序数词或者形容词最高级修饰词；先行词被no, every, some, any, only, very, much等限定词修饰；先行词既有人又有物；there be 句型且先行词为物；当先行词前面有who, which, what等特殊代词时。

57、My uncle is quite worn out from years of hard work. He is no longer the man ___ he was fifteen years age.

A. which

B. whom

C. who

D. that

析：关系代词在从句中作表语时，只能用that引导定语从句。故选择D

58、只能用which不能用that的定语从句：which可以引导非限制性定语从句，而that不能，which之前可以接介词，that不能；先行词本身为that时，只能用which引导定语从句。He changed his mind, which made me very angry. 有逗号，为非限制性定语从句，只能用which About which,不能用about that..

What’s that which flashed in the sky just now?

59、we do the same work as they do.我们和他们干同样的活。

We do the same work that they do. 我们和他们干同一件活。

60、There ought to be less anxiety over the perceived risk of mountain climbing than ___ in the public mind today.

A. exists

B. exist

C. existing

D. to exist

析：从句中的主语是anxiety, 谓语动词应该是第三人称单数，所以选A。

61、非限制性定语从句的关系词不可省略，whom在非限制性定语从句中作宾语时不可以用who代替；非限制性定语从句的先行词为整个主句时，用which，或者in which case, at which point, on which occasion等引导，从句的谓语为第三人称单数！

I may have to work late, in which case I’ll telephone you.

62、The party,-_____ I was the guest of honour, was extremely enjoyable.

A. by which

B. for which

C. to which

D. at which

析：还原：I was the guest of honour ___ the party. 介词应该用at.故选择D。

63、Have you ever been in a situation ___ you know the other person is right yet you cannot agree with him ?

A．by which B. that C. in where D. where

析: where=in which ，所以选D。

64、no sooner…than…. 和Scarcely/hardly/barely….when…（刚。。。就。。。）结构，放句首，需用倒装结构。

No sooner had I reached home than it began to rain.

Hardly had I sat down when he stepped in.

65、only if（只要。。。）引导陈述语气的真实条件句，放在句首主句需用倒装语序。If only 引导虚拟条件句，也可以引导感叹句，表示但愿…就好了。

Only if you work hard will you achieve success.

If only we had arrived at the airport in time, we could have met him.

If only it would stop snowing!要是不下雪了该多好啊！

66、Barry had an advantage over his mother ___ he could speak English.

A. since that

B. in that

C. at that

D. so that

析：in that 指既然，因为，可引导原因状语从句。Since 后面一般不接that

67、当从句中含有be动词时，可进一步省略，表达成“be+主语+…or…”

Whether you believe it or not, it’s true.

She listens to the music for one hour every day, be she free or busy.

68、_____ , I’ll marry him all the same.

A. Was he rich or poor

B. Be he rich or poor.

选B

69、as 和though引导的让步状语从句通常用倒装结构，as 必须用倒装，thought可以用也可以不用倒装。通常倒装把从句中的表语、状语或者谓语动词放在句首。作为表语的名词前如果有不定冠词a或者an, 在倒装句中要省略。

Selfish as /though he is, he is not without merits.

Fool as he is, Tom couldn’t have done such a thing.

70、_____ I sympathize, I can’t really do very much to help them out of the difficulties.

A. as long as

B. as

C. while

D. even

析:转折关系，用while 引导。

71、so/such…that…如此。。。以至于。。引导结果状语从句。

So+形容词/副词+that从句

So+形容词+a/an+单数名词+that从句

Such+形容词+复数名词/不可数名词+that从句

Such+a/an+形容词+单数名词+that从句

72、The shock was such that she was almost driven mad.

73、so much that 和so much so that比so that在语气上更进一层。

I was so much tired that I couldn’t walk on

She is hungry, so much so that she had to go begging.

74、____ dull he may be, he is certainly a very successful top executive.

A. Although

B. Whatever

C.As

D. However

析:although后面的从句接正常语序，不用倒装，不选。As 应该把dull放在句首，C不选。Whatever=no matter what, However=no matter how,选D.

75、Does Alan like hamburgers? Yes, so much ______that he eats them almost every day.

A. for

B. as

C. to

D. so

析：D

76、The student said there were a few points in the essay he ____ impossible to comprehend.

A. has found

B. was finding

C. had found

D. would find

析：发现在说之前，用过去完成时。选C

77、I ___ writing the paper as scheduled, but my mother’s illness interfered.

A. am to have finished

B. was to have finished

C. was to finish

D. ought to finish

析：be to do 表示计划好要做的事情，发生在but句子之前，所以应该用be to have done,选B.

78、The committee has anticipated the problems that ___ in the road construction project.

A. arise

B. will arise

C. arose

D. have arisen

析：预见到将来会出现的问题，用一般将来时，故选择B。

79、Come and see me whenever ____.

A. you are convenient

B. it is convenient to you

C. it will be convenient to you

析：表示你方便，是it is convenient to you.而不是you are convenient.

80、______ for the fact that she broke her leg, she might have passed the exam.

A. Had it not been

B. Hadn’t it been

C. Was it not

D. Were it not

析：might have been说明要填的内容与过去事实相反，用过去完成时had done结构，倒装应为had it not been.选A

81、虚拟：对过去的假设为had done,对将来的愿望用would do.

Had hoped 表示过去没有实现的愿望，意味本来想要，其后的宾语从句用would+动词原形表示虚拟：

I had hoped that I wouldn’t bore you by talking about my children.

82、would rather, would sooner, would just as soon, might as well, would prefer之后的宾语从句用虚拟语气表示愿望，意为“宁愿”，“但愿”

I would rather I had not gone to the party yesterday.(表过去)

I would rather/sooner you came tomorrow.(表将来)

83、ask, suggest, advise, request, commend, decide, determine, insist, intend, prefer, propose, order, recommend, imaging等，后面接（should）+动词原形。

I suggested that you (should) try to understand him .

84、My boss ordered that the legal documents___ to him before lunch.

A. be sent

B. must be sent

析: order,接shoud be sent. Should 可以省略。

85、as if 和as though接虚拟语气：

It seems as if it was spring already.(表现在)

…………………..he would recover.(表将来)

…………………..she had been to England.(表过去)

86、Much as ___, I couldn’t lend him the money because I simply didn’t have that much spare cash.

A.I would have liked to

B. I would like to have

C. I should have to like

D. I should have liked to

析：Much as表示尽管，引导与过去状态相反的虚拟语气从句，谓语应为would have done. D表示应该，而不是意愿。

87、It is (high/about)time that …did/should do.该是干。。。的时候了

It is high time that we went home.

88、It’s the first/second/fifth time that …表示经历时，从句用完成时态。

It’s the fifth time that he has rung you in a week.

89、That was not the first time he ___ us. I think it’s high time we ___ strong actions against him.

Had betrayed …took.

90、She asked that she ___ allowed to see her son in police custody.

A. would be

B. could be

C. be

D. was

析：ask,相当于suggest,后面接should do,should可以省略

91、___ you___ further problems with your printer, comtact your dealer for advice.

A. If had

B. Should have D.in case had

析：should 表示万一，且这里是对未来情况的假设，所以应该用in case，have,所以选B。

92、I’d rather you ___now. left

Would rather sb did sth.表示虚拟。

93、If only the patient___ a different treatment instead of using antibiotics, he might still be alive now.

A. had received

B. received

C. should receive

D. were receiveing

If only后面用虚拟，与过去事实相反，用had received.选A.

94、祈使句的反问句，一般用will you, won’t you, would you,否定的祈使句之后只可用will you.

Sit down, won’t you?

Be quiet, would you?

Don’t move the CD, will you?

95、When you have finished with that video tape, don’t forget to put it in my drawer, ___ you ?

A. don’t you

B. will you

C. won’t you

否定祈使句，反问为will you

96、He must have waited here for a long time, hasn’t he?

You must have got up late this morning, didn’t you?

看句中表示时间的状语，决定反义疑问句怎么问

97、She would have been more agreeable if she had changed a little bit,___?

A, hadn’t she B. hasn’t she C. wouldn’t she D. didn’t she

析：疑问部分与主句一致，所以选C

98、A hibernating animal needs hardly any food all through the winter,_____?

A. need it

B. does it

析：need 在本句中是实意动词，故用dose it.

99、only 修饰状语开头的句子，要部分倒装：

Only last week did they get married.

Only if I get a job, will I have enough money to get the camera.

Only属于主语的一部分时，不可倒装：

Only a few of them understand what he said.

100、so, such, to such a degree, to such an extent, to such extremes, to such a point开头的句子，要部分倒装！

Such was the weather that I could not go out.

To such a degree did the story touch me that I took notes of it.

101、虚拟条件句可以省略连词if, 把从句中的助动词（were, should/could/might/或had）移动至主语前，形成部分倒装。

Had you been here last night, you would have met her.

=If you had been here last night

Be any person guilty of a crime, the court shall have the right to appeal.

=If any person be guilty of a crime

Were I you(=If I were you), I would go to look for him.

102、______ both sides accept the agreement___ a lasting peace be established in this region.

A. Only if, will

B. If only, would

C. Should ,will D, Unless, would

析：only if 放句首，句子要倒装，符合。选A

103、___ he needed money for a new car, he decided not to borrow it from the bank.

A. Much as

B. Much although

C. As much

D. Though much

析：as 和though可以引导让步状语从句，且需要倒装，所以选择A。

104、Who told the news to the teacher? Which is wrong:

A. Jim did this

B. Jim did so

C. Jim did that

D. Jim did.

析：A

105、award:授予，给予，be awarded the Nobel Prize

Reward:酬劳，奖赏，回报，be rewarded with success

105、dispel:消除或驱散某种信念或看法，dispel doubts消除疑虑

expel:权威人士开除、驱逐违反纪律、法规的人，expel foreign diplomats驱逐外交官

repel:击退、排斥，一般接人或实体的物，a lotion that repels mosquitoes

106、alive:活着的，活泼的，一般只作表语，反义词为dead

live:活生生的，生气勃勃的，现场直播的，a live band

living: 反义词为dead,可用于人或物，作定语时可前可后

lively:有生气的，精力充沛的，生动的

107、classical:传统的，古典的

Classic:经典的，质量一流的

108、civic: 城镇的，市政的

Civil: 公民的，civil rights民权

Civilian:平民的，百姓的，civilian industry民用工业

Civilized:文明的，开化的，civilized way of life文明的生活方式

_____and business leaders were delighted at the decision to hold the national motor fair in the city.

A.Civil

B. civilized

C. civilian

D.civic

析：D，市政的

109、considerable:程度相当大的，或相当多的。

Considerate: 体贴的，体谅的。It’s very considerate of you to send me a gift.

110、character：天性，性格，特质，人物角色。

Characteristic: 局部特征，某方面特性

Characterization: 角色刻画，描绘，塑造

111、awake: 觉醒、警惕，唤醒。Awake her interest

Wake: 醒来。Wake up early

Waken: 吵醒、惊醒。It’s ill to waken sleeping dogs.别多事，别惹麻烦

112、assure:使确信，放心，向。。保证，assure sb that….或assure sb of sth

Ensure:确保ensure sb sth, ensure that…

Insure:给。。。保险，insure sb against…

Guarantee:担保。

If you intend to melt the snow for drinking water, you can ___ extra purity by running it through a coffee filter.

A.Assure

B. insure

C. reassure

D. ensure

析:ensure后面可以带名词作宾语。Reassure使。。。安心，后面接人作宾语。

113、suspense: 悬念

Suspension: 停职、停学、停赛

Come on, Jack, tell me the story.Don’t keep me in ___

Suspense

114、acquire: 通过努力获得才智、经验、荣誉，接抽象或具体事务

Attain: 多用于庄重的场合，一般接抽象名词，如ambition, goal, success等

115、cease:较正式，突然和绝对的停止，cease to do 和cease doing都表达停止做某事Halt: 比cease更强调动作的突然性和决断性，在权威或力量的胁迫下达成

116、leak: 漏水，渗漏，泄密，leak the news to the press.

Reveal: 透露消息、暴露真相，reveal the tuth

117、refresh: 供给某些必需品，恢复失去的力量，生气

Restore: 恢复、修复、重建（破坏后重新恢复好）

Renovate: 修复、翻新，强调翻旧如新

A great amount of work has gone into ___ the Cathedral to its previous slpendour.

A.Refreshing

B. restoring

C. renovating

D. renewing.

析：复原和翻新，此处的“恢复原有的辉煌”应该选择复原，所以选择restoring,B 118、replace A with B用B替代A, substitute A for B 用A替代B

119、comprise: be comprised of 整体由…构成

Consist：the book consists of ten chapters.

Constitute: seven days constitute a week.部分构成整体

120、coordinate: 为某事顺利进行而相互协调或联合coordinate one’s movements in swimming Reconcile: 为调解不同意见使达成一致。Reconcile my way of thinking with yours.

121、oppose: 反抗，oppose vilence and war

Defy: 公然违抗、反抗，带有蔑视的含义defy the authority挑衅权威

Protest: 口头或书面，有理有据地严正抗议protest his innocence声言他无罪

122、prolong:及物动词，多指时间延长到正常限度之外

Extend: 时间、空间上的扩展和延续，extend one’s stay

Expand: 体积的膨胀，张开、展开的方式变大

Stretch: 道路、原野的延申、绵延，或时间延长，常接介词over

The operation could ___ her life by two or three years.

A.Prolong

B. increase

C. expand

D. continue

时间的延长，生命的延长，用prolong

123、inform: 直接地使人知道事实或情况，后常接从句或of 短语，如please inform us of any changes of address.

Notify:正式通知，competition winners will be notified by post

124、abandon:因困难放弃做某事，the match was abandoned because of the poor weather.

125、belief: 主管相信，或信任某人。He has great bilief in his doctor.

Conviction: 坚信、确信，不能表示对人的信任。A woman of strong political convictions.怀有强烈政治信念的女人

Faith: 宗教信仰，put one’s faith in God.

126、limit: 空间、时间、数量的极限。

Confine: 不可逾越的限制，收到束缚、妨碍

Restrict：把某人或某物限制在一定范围之内，restrict to

Restrain:抑制、制止，restrain from

The police had difficulty in ___ the fans from rushing on to the stage to take photos with the singer.

A.Limiting

B. restraining

C.confining

D. restricting

From, 与restrain搭配。选B

127、rate:部分相对整体形成的比率：mortality rate死亡率

Ratio：两个比较项必须同时出现，数量之比：the ratio of hydrogen to oxygen in water is 2 to 1.

128、audience:观众、听众，无复数形式。

Spectator: 有复数，直接加s，通常指体育运动比赛的观众

Onlooker: 旁观者

129、origin:指人或事物最开始出现的时候，地点，产生的起源

Source: 水的源头，抽象事物的根源，资料、信息的出处或来源

130、delegate:被指派参加某一会议的代表

Deputy: 上级授权代理的代表，被选择执行部分公务的人

Representative: 被选举出来代表较大团体的人。

131、course：船的航道、飞机的航线，有始有终的进程

Route: 陆地上固定的路线，旅行的路线

132、margin:有一定宽度的边缘，利润、盈余

Edge: 刀刃

133、opponent: 辩论、争论、竞选或竞赛以及矛盾冲突中在对立面的对手

Enemy:敌人，仇敌

Rival: 赶超的竞争对手

134、eternal:永恒的eternal truth

Permanent：稳定的，变化不多的，a permanent job

135、distinct: 有区别的，不同的，与from 搭配

Distinctive: 特有的，有特色的，beer has a very distinctive smell.

The patterns of spoken language are ___ from those of writing.

A．distinct B.distinctive C. distinguished D.distinguishing

136、former: 以前的，the former president

Preceding: 时间、位置顺序上紧接在某事物之前，没有间隙。In the preceding chapter 在前一章中

Previous: 目前某件事的前一件事。The new policy is a departure from the previous one Prior: 在某事之前，可作定语，也可接to. All the arrangement should be completed prior to your departure.

137、Obviously, the Chairman’s remarks at the conference were ____ and not planned.

A.substantial

B. spontaneous

C.simultaneous

D. synthetic

析：A重要的，B即兴的C同样的D合成的

138、Share prices on the stock exchange plunged sharply in the morning but ___ slightly in the afternoon.

A. regained

B. recovered

C. restored

D. revived

析：与plunge相反，可以用regain和recover, 但是regain是及物动词，后面需要接宾语，所以选B

139、In order to raise money, Aunt Nicola had to ___with some of her most treasured possessions.

A. divide

B. separate

C. part

D. abandon

析:part作为不及物动词，可以与with或者from搭配，表示与。。。分手，引申为舍弃，放弃，卖掉。其他均不可与with搭配，且多用作及物动词。

考研英语语法练习题【附答案详解】

考研英语语法练习题【附答案详解】 1. —How did you get in touch with the travel agent, Robin? —Oh, that’s easy. I surfed the Internet and then called one ________ the telephone number is provided. A. which B. in which C. of which D. whose 2. October 15th is my birthday, ________ I will never forget. A. when B. that C. what D. which 3. The treatment will continue until the patient reaches the point ________ he can walk correctly and safely. A. when B. where C. which D. whose 4. There are several research centers in China ________ a certain disease called Bird Flu is being studied. A. which B. where C. when D. what 5. I hope that the little ________ I have been able to do does good to them all. A. which B. what C. that D. when 6. The time is not far away ________ modern communications will become widespread in China’s vast countryside. A. as B. when C. until D. before 7. ________ is known to everybody, Taiwan is a part of China. We must unify it.

初中英语语法知识点总结

英语语法大全 初中英语语法学习提纲 一、词类、句子成分和构词法： 1、词类：英语词类分十种： 名词、形容词、代词、数词、冠词、动词、副词、介词、连词、感叹词。 1、名词(n.)：表示人、事物、地点或抽象概念的名称。如：boy, morning, bag, ball, class, orange. 2、代词(pron.)：主要用来代替名词。如：who, she, you, it . 3、形容词(adj..)：表示人或事物的性质或特征。如：good, right, white, orange . 4、数词(num.)：表示数目或事物的顺序。如：one, two, three, first, second, third, fourth. 5、动词(v.)：表示动作或状态。如：am, is,are,have,see . 6、副词(adv.)：修饰动词、形容词或其他副词,说明时间、地点、程度等如：now, very, here, often, quietly, slowly. 7、冠词(art..)：用在名词前,帮助说明名词。如：a, an, the. 8、介词(prep.)：表示它后面的名词或代词与其他句子成分的关系。如in, on, from, above, behind. 9、连词(conj.)：用来连接词、短语或句子。如and, but, before .

10、感叹词(interj..)表示喜、怒、哀、乐等感情。如：oh, well, hi, hello. 2、句子成分：英语句子成分分为七种：主语、谓语、宾语、定语、状语、表语、宾语补足语。 1、主语是句子所要说的人或事物,回答是“谁”或者“什么”。通常用名词或代词担任。如：I’m Miss Green.(我是格林小姐) 2、谓语动词说明主语的动作或状态,回答“做(什么)”。主要由动词担任。如：Jack cleans the room every day. (杰克每天打扫房间) 3、表语在系动词之后,说明主语的身份或特征,回答是“什么”或者“怎么样”。通常由名词、代词或形容词担任。如：My name is Ping ping .(我的名字叫萍萍) 4、宾语表示及物动词的对象或结果,回答做的是“什么”。通常由名词或代词担任。 如：He can spell the word.(他能拼这个词) 有些及物动词带有两个宾语,一个指物,一个指人。指物的叫直接宾语,指人的叫间接宾语。间接宾语一般放在直接宾语的前面。如：He wrote me a letter . (他给我写了一封信) 有时可把介词to或for加在间接宾语前构成短语,放在直接宾语后面,来强调间接宾语。如：He wrote a letter to me . (他给我写了一封信) 5、定语修饰名词或代词,通常由形容词、代词、数词等担任。如： Shanghai is a big city .(上海是个大城市)

六种常见国际贸易术语汇总

四种常见国际贸易术语 一、FOB Free On Board（……named port of shipment）--船上交货（…指定装运港），是指卖方在指定的装运港将货物装船超过船舷后，履行其交货义务。这意味着买方必须从那时起承担一切费用以及货物灭失或损坏的一切风险。它要求卖方办理货物出口结关手续。 按照《2000年通则》，FOB合同买卖双方的主要义务如下： 卖方主要义务： 1．负责按港口惯常方式在合同规定的日期或期间内，在指定装运港，将符合合同的货物交至买方指定的船上，并给予买方充分的通知。 2．负责办理货物出口手续，取得出口许可证或其他核准书。 3．负担货物在装运港越过船舷为止的一切费用和风险。 4．负责提供商业发票和证明货物已交至船上的通常单据。如果买卖双方约定使用电子通讯，上述发票和单据可被具有同等效力的电子信息所替代。 买方主要义务： 1．负责技合同规定支付价款。 2．负责租船或订舱，支付运费，并给予卖方关于船名、装部地点和要求交货时间的充分通知。 3．自负风险和费用，取得进口许可证或其他核准书，并办理货物进口以及必要时经由另一国过境运输的一切海关手续。 4．负担货物在装运港越过船舷后的一切费用和风险。 5．收取按合同规定支付的货物，接受有关单据。 使用FOB术语时，应注意以下几个方面的问题： 1．不能把FOB术语称之为"离岸价"。 2．"船舷为界"主要是针对风险的划分而言的，如果把它作为划分买卖双方承担的责任和费用的界限就不十分确切了。

3．船货衔接问题。 4．装船费用问题（FOB变形）。按FOB术语成交，可以选用适当的FOB 术语变形，即FOB术语之后加列各种附加条件，用以明确有关装船费用的负担。常用的FOB变形有以下几种： （1）FOB Liner Terms-FOB班轮条件，指有关装船费用按班轮条件办理，即由负责签订运输合同的一方当事人（即买方）支付。 （2）FOB Under Tackle－FOB吊钩下交货，指卖方仅负责将货物交到买方指定船只的吊钩所及之处，有关装船的各项费用均由买方负责。 （3）FOBS（FOB Stowed）一FOB包括理舱，指卖方负责将货物装人船舱支付包括理舱费在内的装船费用。 （4）FOBT（－FOB Trimmed）一FOB包括平舱，指卖方负责将货物装入船舱，并支付包括平船费在内的装船费用。 （5）FOBST（FOB Stowed andTrimmed ）－FOB包括理舱、平舱，指卖方负责将货物装上船，并支付包括理既费和平舱费在内的装船费用。 FOB变形不改变交货地点和买卖双方划分风险的界限。 5．应当注意《2000年通则》与《1 941年美国对外贸易定义修订本》对FOB贸易术语的不同解释。 二、CFR Cost and Fright（…named port of destination）--成本加运费（……指定目的港），是指卖方必须支付成本费和将货物运至指定的目的港所需的运费，但货物灭失或损坏的风险以及货物装船后发生事件所产生的任何额外费用，自货物于装运港越过船舷时起即从卖方转由买方承担。 按照《2000年通则》，CFR合同买卖双方的主要义务如下： 卖方主要义务： 1．负责在合同规定的日期或期间内，在装运港将符合合同的货物交至运往指定目的港的船上，并给予买方充分的通知。 2．负责办理货物出口手续，取得出口许可证或其他核准书。 3、负责租船定舱，并支付至目的港的正常运费。 4．负担货物在装运港越过船舷为止的一切费用和风险。

初二英语语法总结

初二英语语法总结 1) leave的用法 1.“leave+地点”表示“离开某地”。例如： When did you leave Shanghai? 你什么时候离开上海的？ 2.“leave for+地点”表示“动身去某地”。例如： Next Friday, Alice is leaving for London. 下周五，爱丽斯要去伦敦了。 3.“leave+地点+for+地点”表示“离开某地去某地”。例如： Why are you leaving Shanghai for Beijing? 你为什么要离开上海去北京？ 2) 情态动词should“应该”学会使用 should作为情态动词用，常常表示意外、惊奇、不能理解等，有“竟会”的意思，例如：How should I know? 我怎么知道？ Why should you be so late today? 你今天为什么来得这么晚？ should有时表示应当做或发生的事，例如： We should help each other.我们应当互相帮助。 我们在使用时要注意以下几点： 1. 用于表示“应该”或“不应该”的概念。此时常指长辈教导或责备晚辈。例如： You should be here with clean hands. 你应该把手洗干净了再来。 2. 用于提出意见劝导别人。例如： You should go to the doctor if you feel ill. 如果你感觉不舒服，你最好去看医生。 3. 用于表示可能性。should的这一用法是考试中常常出现的考点之一。例如： We should arrive by supper time. 我们在晚饭前就能到了。 She should be here any moment. 她随时都可能来。 3) What...? 与 Which...? 1. what 与 which 都是疑问代词，都可以指人或事物，但是what仅用来询问职业。如：What is your father? 你父亲是干什么的？ 该句相当于： What does your father do?

考研英语语法大全———自己总结

考研英语十二大基础语法体系 对于任何英语句子，要分析其结构，这样才能找到英语语言的规律。每种语言都有它的难点，汉语的难点在于汉语不是拼读语言，汉字很难写，而且有四种声调。其实，许多接触过多种外语的人都认为，英语的语法比法语、德语、俄语、日语等都简单，是最容易学的。著名语言学家乔姆斯基说过，语法是内生的、也就是随着语言的诞生而诞生的。因此，学习语法和学习语言是相辅相成的。 一、英语动词的时态 （一）英汉两种语言在时态表达方式上的差异： 英语的词类与汉语的不同。汉语词类形态稳定，比如“书”这个字，“一本书”、“三本书”都一样，没有词形变化。英语就不同了，book, books仅从词形上就能知道是单数还是复数。 动词是英语中变化最多、最复杂的词类。有人说，学好英语就是学好动词，此言甚是。同一个动作或状态分别在不同时间发生或存在，表达这个动作或状态的动词就要用不同的形式，这就是时态。 （二）英语动词的形式： 英语的时态是通过动词的变化来体现的。因此，了解动词的形式及其变化规律非常重要。英语的实义动词有以下五种形式： (1)动词原形：动词原形在句子中形式不变。主要用于主语为非第三人称单数的一般现在时，情态动词之后， 或根据语法规定必须用动词原形的其他情况。 (2) 一般现在时第三人称单数形式（简称现单三）：主要用于主语为第三人称单数的一般现在时。 (3) 过去式：主要用于一般过去时。 (4) 现在分词：主要用于进行时态，或语法规定的其他情况。 (5) 过去分词：主要用于完成时态，或语法规定的其他情况。 动词一般现在时第三人称单数（现单三）的构成，见下表：

即某些字母组合的不规则动词有一定的规律。如：weep→wept, sleep→slept, sweep→swept 以上每个时间段中分别有四种状态：一般、进行、完成和完成进行。因此我们便有了四四一十六个时态。 态（一般、进行、完成、完成进行）。 比如在“They are doing their exercises.”这个句子中，动词由原形do 变成are doing 的形态，说明这个事情是发生在现在、并处于正在进行的状态当中，所以叫现在进行时； 在“They have done their exercises.”这句中，动词由原形do 变成have done的形态，说明这个事情是发生在现在、并处于完成的状态，所以叫现在完成时； 在“They always do their exercises.”中，动词用原形do 的形态，说明这个事情是发生在现在、并且是一般情况下永远如此，所以叫一般现在时。 在这三句话中，动词do 虽然用了不同的形态，其意义没有变化，而是事情发生的时间和状态变了。其余类推。 （三）时态详解 16个时态中，常用的有12个：一般现在时、一般过去时、一般将来时、过去将来时、现在进行时、过去进行时、将来进行时、现在完成时、过去完成时、将来完成时、现在完成进行时和过去完成进行时。其他时态很少单独使用。 下面把各种时态的构成和用法做一个全面的介绍。

初二英语语法总结大全

初二期末英语必考的十二大语法点 一. 形容词/副词的比较级和最高级 1. 形容词/副词的比较级和最高级的构成规则 （1）单音节词和少数以-er，-ow结尾的双音节单词，比较级在后面加-er，最高级在后面加-est。 ①单音节单词 small→smaller→smallest short→shorter→shortest tall→taller→tallest great→greater→greatest ②少数以-er，-ow结尾的双音节单词 clever→cleverer→cleverest

narrow→narrower→narrowest （2）以不发音e结尾的单音节单词，比较级在原形后加-r，最高级在 原级后加-st。 large→larger→largest nice→nicer→nicest able→abler→ablest （3）以一个辅音字母结尾的闭音节（即：辅音＋元音＋辅音）单词中，先双写末尾的辅音字母，比较级加-er，最高级加-est。 big→bigger→biggest hot→hotter→hottest fat→fatter→fattest （4）以“辅音字母＋y”结尾的双音节词，把y改为i，比较级加-er，最高级加-est。 easy→easier→easiest heavy→heavier→heaviest

busy→busier→busiest happy→happier→happiest （5）其他双音节词和多音节词，比较级在前面加more，最高级在前面加most。 beautiful→more beautiful→most beautiful different→more different→most different easily→more easily→most easily （6）有少数形容词、副词的比较级和最高级是不规则的，必须熟记。 good→better→best well→better→best bad→worse→worst ill→worse→worst old→older/elder→oldest/eldest many/much→more→most little→less→least far →further/farther→ furthest/farthest

历年考研英语语法完全版归纳

英语语法总结全集 名词和主谓一致 一、名词的分类 英语中名词主要可以分为可数名词和不可数名词。 1．可数名词 可数名词一般都有单复数。单数时，名词前可加不定冠词a/an；复数时，前面可加数词，名词本身要改成复数形式。 可数名词的复数有规则和不规则两种变化。规则的名词，只要在单数名词之后加“s”，“es”或去“y”加“ies”就行，如：an umbrella, twelve umbrellas；a factory, three factories。不规则的名词变化则要靠积累记忆，如：a mouse, ten mice；a policeman, six policemen。 有少数可数名词，如sheep，works（工厂），Chinese等，它们的单复数同形：a sheep, four sheep；a chemical works, five chemical works。 此外，还有一些可数名词只有复数形式，如clothes，trousers，cattle，police，people(人，人民)等。 英语名词中还有一些合成词，它们的复数形式有三种可能：1）后面的部分变成复数形式：grown-ups，boy students，grandchildren。2）前面的部分变成复数形式：passers-by，lookers-on，sons-in-law。3）前、后都变成复数形式：men doctors，women drivers。 2．不可数名词 不可数名词没有单复数的变化，前面也不能加a/an，或数词。但是我们可以用量词来表示不可数名词的数量，单复数表现在量词上，如：a piece of paper；two pieces of paper。 在有些情况下，不可数名词也可用a/an，表“一种”、“某种”的意思，如have a wonderful time，receive a good education，be made into a fine paper。 有时为了表示量大，不可数名词的后面也可加“s”，如sands，ashes，waters等。 但是我们在学习不可数名词的时候，特别要记住英语中有一些名词，它们无论在什么情况下，前面都不能用a/an，后面也不可加“s”，如weather，information，等。 3．有的名词既可是可数名词，也可是不可数名词 英语中有相当一部分的名词，既可以是可数，也可以是不可数，它们的意义有时略有不同，有时则完全不同。如：difficulty, success, time, work，paper，glass，等。 4．用于表示可数与不可数名词的数量“多”“少”的常用词和词组 跟可数名词连用的如：few, a few, many。 跟不可数名词连用的如：little, a little, much。 可数与不可数都能用的是：a lot of , plenty of。 二、主谓一致 1．通常被看作单数的主语部分 1）不定式、动名词和主语从句。 eg.. To see is to believe. Seeing is believing. What he said was different from what he did. 2）表示“时间”“距离”“金钱数量”的名词。 eg. Twenty years is quite a long time. 10 kilometers doesn’t seem to be a long distance to Mira. 300 dollars is too much for this old coin. 3）数学式子。 eg. Two plus five is seven. 4）书报杂志、国家、单位的名字。 eg. The Times is published daily. The United States is a big country. 5）前面用a kind of, a sort of或this kind of, this sort of等词组的名词。 eg. This kind of tree(s) often grows well in warm weather. 6）代词either, neither作主语。

初中英语语法大全(总结篇)

资料收集于网络，如有侵权请联系网站删除 1 (see 、hear 、notice 、find 、feel 、listen to 、look at (感官动词)+do eg:I like watching monkeys jump 2 （比较级and 比较级）表示越来越怎么样 3 a piece of cake =easy 小菜一碟（容易） 4 agree with sb 赞成某人 5 all kinds of 各种各样a kind of 一样 6 all over the world = the whole world 整个世界 7 along with同……一道，伴随…… eg : I will go along with you我将和你一起去 the students planted trees along with their teachers 学生同老师们一起种树 8 As soon as 一怎么样就怎么样 9 as you can see 你是知道的 10 ask for ……求助向…要…（直接接想要的东西）eg : ask you for my book 11 ask sb for sth 向某人什么 12 ask sb to do sth 询问某人某事ask sb not to do 叫某人不要做某事 13 at the age of 在……岁时eg：I am sixteen I am at the age of sixteen 14 at the beginning of …… ……的起初；……的开始 15 at the end of +地点/+时间最后；尽头；末尾eg : At the end of the day 16 at this time of year 在每年的这个时候 17 be /feel confident of sth /that clause +从句感觉/对什么有信心，自信 eg : I am / feel confident of my spoken English I feel that I can pass the test 18 be + doing 表：1 现在进行时2 将来时 19 be able to (+ v 原) = can (+ v 原）能够…… eg : She is able to sing She can sing 20 be able to do sth 能够干什么eg :she is able to sing 21 be afraid to do (of sth 恐惧，害怕…… eg : I'm afraed to go out at night I'm afraid of dog 22 be allowed to do 被允许做什么 eg: I'm allowed to watch TV 我被允许看电视I should be allowed to watch TV 我应该被允许看电视 23 be angry with sb 生某人的气eg : Don't be angry with me 24 be angry with(at) sb for doing sth 为什么而生某人的气 25 be as…原级…as 和什么一样eg : She is as tall as me 她和我一样高 26 be ashamed to 27 be away from 远离 28 be away from 从……离开 29 be bad for 对什么有害eg : Reading books in the sun is bad for your eyes 在太阳下看书对你的眼睛不好 30 be born 出生于 31 be busy doing sth 忙于做什么事be busy with sth 忙于…… 32 be careful 当心；小心 33 be different from…… 和什么不一样 34 be famous for 以……著名

国际贸易术语总结

贸易术语总结 总论如下图： 标注：DAP、DAT是与DDP同一个位置 分论 依据是“清风货运保”。“清”：清关手续；“风”：风险转移；“货”：交货地点；“运”：运费；“保”：保险 1、EXW 清风货运保 买方买方 买方交货时卖方所在地或其 他指定点 清风货运保 买方买方 卖出买进货交第一承运人出口国内地、港 口 注意： （1）在卖方所在地交货的，买方有义务将货物装上买方派来的运输工具上，之后风险转移。 （2）在卖方所在地以外的某个地点交货的，货物运到该地点无须卸货、在卖方自己的车上交买方支配，风险转移

3、FAS （1）卖方应及时给买方发出装货通知，以便及时对装上船后的风险购买保险5、CFR （1）卖方应及时给买方发出装货通知，以便及时对装上船后的风险购买保险6、CIF （1）对投保险种无约定时，仅需要投最低险别 7、CPT 8、CIP 11、DAT

注意： （1）DAT卖方要负责卸货 以上要关注的要点： （1）2010年新的贸易术语取消了FOB、CFR、CIF下的“船舷”的概念，卖方承担货物装上船为止的一切风险，卖方承担货物自装运港装上船后的一切风险。 （2）2000年贸易术语依照卖方义务责任的大小分为EFCD组，而2010年依照不同的运输方式分为两组，适合水上运输的术语有四种：FAS、FOB、CFR、CIF。注意：这两组通则不是依照“新法取代旧法”的规则的，而是要看当事人的约定，采用哪种贸易术语。 （3）E、F组后附地名的意义是装运地或者装运港；C、D组是目的地或者目的港，此时风险的转移点是不变的，买方不需要承担到目的地或者目的港的风险。 （4）F组和C组下，交货地点和风险转移点都在指定装运港或装运地，故称装运合同；D 组称为交货合同，E组为产地交货合同。

八年级下册英语语法知识点归纳总结

八年级下册英语语法知识点归纳总结 He said I was hard-working. 重点语法：宾语从句 结构：主语 + 谓语动词 + 宾语从句(主语 + 谓语动词 + 宾语/表语) 例句：----Im good at English. He says. (改为加宾语从句的复合句) ----He says Im good at English. 注意：①主句是一般现在时态，宾语从句的时态不受其影响。 例句：He says Im good at English now. He says I was good at mathematics when I was young. ②主句是过去时态，宾语从句也要用过去时态。 例句：He said I was good at mathematics when I was young yesterday. He said I was good at English now yesterday. ③宾语从句是客观真理时永远用一般现在时态。 例句：Our teacher says 24 hours make a day. Our teacher said the sun gives us so many energy yesterday. ④动词原形不能作主语，必须用其 -ing 形式。 例句：She said helping others changed her life. 重点短语：direct speech 直接引语

reported speech = indirect speech 间接引语 first of all = at first 首先 pass on 传递 be supposed to do sth. 应该做某事 be good at = do well in 在某方面做得好 in good health 身体健康 get over 克服 open up 打开 care for = take care of = look after 照料;照顾 not any more = not any longer = no longer 不再 have a cold 感冒 end-of-year exam 年终考试 get nervous 变得紧张 forget to do sth. 忘记做某事(该事未做) forget doing sth. 忘记做某事(该事已做) its + adj. + [for sb.] + to do sth. 做某事[对某人来说](加形容词) context 上下文 Reading Strategy(阅读方法) First read for meaning， not for detail. (首先理解文段的大致意思，不在于文段的细节部分。) You can understand the meaning of a word you dont know from

高中英语语法大全总结

英语语法大全 一、词类、句子成分和构词法： 1、词类：英语词类分十种： 名词、形容词、代词、数词、冠词、动词、副词、介词、连词、感叹词。1、名词(n.)：表示人、事物、地点或抽象概念的名称。如：boy, morning, bag, ball, class, orange. 2、代词(pron.)：主要用来代替名词。如：who, she, you, it . 3、形容词(adj..)：表示人或事物的性质或特征。如：good, right, white, orange . 4、数词(num.)：表示数目或事物的顺序。如：one, two, three, first, second, third, fourth. 5、动词(v.)：表示动作或状态。如：am, is,are,have,see . 6、副词(adv.)：修饰动词、形容词或其他副词,说明时间、地点、程度等。 如：now, very, here, often, quietly, slowly. 7、冠词(art..)：用在名词前,帮助说明名词。如：a, an, the. 8、介词(prep.)：表示它后面的名词或代词与其他句子成分的关系。如in, on, from, above, behind. 9、连词(conj.)：用来连接词、短语或句子。如and, but, before . 10、感叹词(interj..)表示喜、怒、哀、乐等感情。如：oh, well, hi, hello. 2、句子成分：英语句子成分分为七种：主语、谓语、宾语、定语、状语、表语、宾语补足语。 1、主语是句子所要说的人或事物,回答是“谁”或者“什么”。通常用名词或 代词担任。如：I’m Miss Green.(我是格林小姐) 2、谓语动词说明主语的动作或状态,回答“做(什么)”。主要由动词担任。如： Jack cleans the room every day. (杰克每天打扫房间) 3、表语在系动词之后,说明主语的身份或特征,回答是“什么”或者“怎么样”。 通常由名词、代词或形容词担任。如：My name is Ping ping .(我 的名字叫萍萍) 4、宾语表示及物动词的对象或结果,回答做的是“什么”。通常由名词或代词

八年级下册英语语法知识点归纳总结

八年级下册英语语法知识点归纳总结 （2021最新版） 作者：______ 编写日期：2021年__月__日 【导语】要想取得好的学习成绩，必须要有良好的学习习惯。习惯是经过重复练习而巩固下来的稳重持久的条件反射和自然需要。建立良好的学习习惯，就会使自己学习感到有序而轻松。以下是小编为您整理的《八年级下册英语语法知识点归纳总结》，供大家查阅。 【篇一】 He said I was hard-working. 重点语法：宾语从句结构：主语 + 谓语动词 + 宾语从句(主语 + 谓语动词 + 宾语/表语) 例句：----Im good at English. He says. (改为加宾语从句的复合句)

----He says Im good at English. 注意：①主句是一般现在时态，宾语从句的时态不受其影响。例句：He says Im good at English now. He says I was good at mathematics when I was young. ②主句是过去时态，宾语从句也要用过去时态。例句：He said I was good at mathematics when I was young yesterday. He said I was good at English now yesterday. ③宾语从句是客观真理时永远用一般现在时态。例句：Our teacher says 24 hours make a day. Our teacher said the sun gives us so many energy yesterday. ④动词原形不能作主语，必须用其 -ing 形式。例句：She said helping others changed her life. 重点短语：direct speech 直接引语 reported speech = indirect speech 间接引语 first of all = at first 首先 pass on 传递 be supposed to do sth. 应该做某事 be good at = do well in 在某方面做得好 in good health 身体健康 get over 克服 open up 打开 care for = take care of = look after 照料;照顾 not any more = not any longer = no longer 不再 have a cold 感冒 end-of-year exam 年终考试 get nervous 变得紧张 forget to do sth. 忘记做某事(该事未做) forget doing sth. 忘记做某事(该事已做) its + adj. + [for sb.] + to do sth. 做某事[对某人来说](加形容词) context 上下文 Reading Strategy(阅读方法) First read for meaning， not for detail. (首先理解文段的大致意思，不在于文段的细节部分。) You can understand the meaning of a word you dont know from the context. (至于不懂的单词，

考研英语语法总结

英语语法总结 下文总结了十二个要点： 1、主谓一致 2、时态 3、语态 4、非谓语动词 5、情态动词 6、虚拟语气 7、句子种类 8、名词性从句 9、状语从句 10、定语从句 11、强调句 12、倒装句 当然以上并不是全部要点，还有一些比较基础的，比如：祈使句、省略句、名词等知识点比较简单，在平时做题中自然而然就积累下来了，不需要刻意背诵。 一、主谓一致 主谓一致的关键在于，分条记清楚，不要混淆。 1、以动词不定式短语，动名词短语或从句作主语时，谓语动词一般用单数形式； To study English well is not easy.（动词不定式短语作主语） Reading in the sun is bad for your eyes. （动名词短语作主语） What he said is very important for us all. （从句作主语） 2、由连接词and或both…and连接起来的主语后面，要用复数形式的谓语动词。但若所连接的两个词是 指同一个人或物时，它后面的谓语就用单数形式。 The writer and artist has come. 由and 连接的并列单数主语前如果分别有no, each, every 或more than a (an)/one,many a (an) 修饰时，其谓语动词要用单数形式。either, neither, each, every 或no+单数名词和由some, any no, every构成的复合不定代词，都作单数看待。 Every student and every teach is in the classroom. Many a boy and many a girl likes it. No boy and no girl likes it. Each of us has a new book. Is everyone here today? Somebody is speaking in class. Everything around us is matter 若none of 后面的名词是不可数名词，它的谓语动词就要用单数。若它后面的名词是复数，它的谓语动词用单数或复数都可以。 None of the sugar was left. None of us has (have) been to America. 3、在定语从句里，关系代词that, who, which 等作主语时，其谓语动词的数应与句中先行词的数一致。（画 线为先行词） Those who want to go please write their names on the blackboard.

人教版小学英语语法总结大全

人教版小学英语语法总结大全一、小学英语形容词性物主代词 1、形容词性物主代词8 个： Myyourhisheritsouryourtheir 我的你的他的她的它的我们的你们的他（她、它）们的 2、形容词性物主代词的特点： 1）译成汉语都有”的"eg : my我的their他们的 2)后面加名词：eg ：mybackpackhisname 3）前后不用冠词aanthe

Thisisamyeraser（错误）Thatisyourapen（错 误）lt'shisthepe n（错误） 3、I（物主代词）myyou（物主代词）yourhe（物主代词）herwe（物主代词）our 注：在变物主代词时，把原题所给的词加上的，再译成单词就可以了。 二、小学英语名词性物主代词 1、名词性物主代词和形容词性物主代词一样有8 个： Mineyourshishersitsoursyourstheirs 我的你的他的她的它的我们的你们的他（她、它）们的 2、名词性物主代词的特点：

1)译成汉语都有" 的 2)后面不加名词 3)名词性物主代词= 形容词性物主代词+ 名词 Eg ：1 、thepenismine 钢笔是我的(mine=mypen) 以上就是小学英语名词性物主代词全文，希望能给大家带来帮助！ 三、小学英语单数的句子变成复数的句子 把单数的句子成复数的句子很简单：变法是把能变成复数的词变成复数，但a 或an 要把去掉。特殊疑问词、形容词、国家及地点通常不变。 Eg ：把下列句子变成复数 1 ，Ihaveacar wehavecars

2 ，HeisanAmericanboy. TheyareAmericanboys 3，Itisacar Theyarecars 4，Thisisaneraser Theseareerasers 5，Thatisabackpsck Thosearebackpacks 6，I'manEnglishteather WeareEnglishteathers 7，It'sanewshirt Theyarenewshirts 8，He'saboy Theyareboys 9，She'sasinger T heyaresingers 10，What'sthisinEnglish ？WhataretheseinEnglish

英语语法现在进行时归纳总结

英语语法现在进行时归纳总结 一、单项选择现在进行时 1．-- I am afraid I can’t help you with your project. I ________ a model these days. -- It doesn’t matter. I will finish it by myself. A．make B．will be making C．am making D．have made 【答案】C 【解析】 试题分析：考查动词时态。句意：我恐怕不能帮你完成项目了，这几天我要做一个模型。没关系，我会自己完成。表示这几天一直要做的事情，用一般现在时表示将来，故选C 项。 考点：考查动词时态 2．—I some courses at university，so I can’t work full time at the moment． A．take B．am taking C．took D．have taken 【答案】B 【解析】 试题分析：考查动词的时态。句意：因为我正在上学，所以不能在这时候做全职的工作。根据下方提到so I can’t work full time at th e moment 可知我正在上学，故选B 项。 考点 : 考查动词的时态 3．The water supply has been cut off temporarily because the workers the main pipe．A．repair B．repaired C．have repaired D．are repairing 【答案】D 【解析】 试题分析：考查动词的时态。句意：因为工人正在修理主管道，所以水供应暂时被切断。根据语境表示，修理管道这件事正在进行，所以选D项。 考点 : 考查动词的时态 4．– Do you think we should accept that offer? -- Yes, we should, for we ___such bad luck up till now, and time __ out. A．have had; is running B．had; is running C．have; has been run D．have had; has been run 【答案】A 【解析】 【详解】 考查动词的时态。 句意：---你认为我们应该接受那个建议吗？ ---是的，我们应该，因为到目前为止我们已经运气很糟糕，并且时间也正在被耗尽。

最新考研英语语法大全(打印版)

考研英语基础语法体系 对于任何英语句子，要分析其结构，这样才能找到英语语言的规律。 每种语言都有它的难点，汉语的难点在于汉语不是拼读语言，汉字很难写，而且有四种声调。其实，许多接触过多种外语的人都认为，英语的语法比法语、德语、俄语、日语等都简单，是最容易学的。著名语言学家乔姆斯基说过，语法是内生的、也就是随着语言的诞生而诞生的。因此，学习语法和学习语言是相辅相成的。 一、 英语动词的时态 （一）英汉两种语言在时态表达方式上的差异： 英语的词类与汉语的不同。汉语词类形态稳定，比如“书”这个字，“一本书”、“三本书”都一样，没有词形变化。英语就不同了， 从词形上就能知道是单数还是复数。 或状态的动词就要用不同的形式，这就是时态。 （二）英语动词的形式： 规律非常重要。英语的实义动词有以下五种形式： (1) 的其他情况。 (2) 一般现在时第三人称单数形式（简称现单三）称单数的一般现在时。 (3) 过去式：主要用于一般过去时。 (4) 现在分词：主要用于进行时态，或语法规定的其他情况。 (5) 过去分词：主要用于完成时态，或语法规定的其他情况。 动词一般现在时第三人称单数（现单三）的构成，见下表： 动词过去式和过去分词，大多数是动词原形+ ed 构成，这是规则动词。

来”。英语动词所表示的动作在以上每个时间段中分别有四种状态：一般、进行、完成和完成进行。因此我们便有了四四一十六个时态。比如在“They are doing their exercises.”这个句子中，动词由原形do 变成are doing 的形态，说明这个事情是发生在现在、并处于正在进行的状态当中，所以叫现在进行时； ”这句中，动词由原形do 变成have 的形态，说明这个事情是发生在现在、并处于完成的状态，所以叫现 They always do their exercises.”中，动词用原形do 的形态，说明 并且是一般情况下永远如此，所以叫一般现在时。 do 虽然用了不同的形态，其意义没有变化，而是事