从总统奥巴马国情咨文看美科技政策走势

从总统奥巴马国情咨文看美科技政策走势

总统常常会通过国情咨文演讲提出新的政策建议或来年的优先事务。在近日的65分钟讲话里，巴拉克·奥巴马并没有涉及前者，但是他对后者进行了充分阐述。

他尤其提到，政府会继续支持消除被称为“预算隔离”的预算自动减支，他认为预算削减将损害政府在基础科学上的投入。同时，他承诺利用行政部门权威——而非等待国会行动，管理减少温室气体排放的应用研究。他还希望扩大天然气生产，以帮助推动美国能源独立性。

研究支持者表示他们对所听到的这些消息感到欣慰，但更希望华盛顿能做更多事情。例如，在气候变化方面，阿灵顿气候和能源中心主席Eileen Claussen在一份声明中提到，“总统推进管理工具的使用是正确的”，因为“要让国会迅速采取认真行动是没有希望的”。

信息技术和创新基金会（ITIF）分析师Matthew Stepp对奥巴马的能源计划表示支持，但并不满意，尤其是奥巴马强调天然气作为未来清洁能源供应的“桥梁”。他说：“天然气虽然比煤炭更清洁，是过渡到可再生能源、核能、碳捕获、生物燃料和电动汽车所必不可少的。但是，应对气候变化挑战的能源革新需要关注的远远超过这些温和的碳减排目标。”

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“中国和欧洲不再是旁观者，那么我们也不应再是。”奥巴马在谈及联邦政府在支持基础科学方面扮演的角色时这样提到：“今天国家将筹码全部压在创新领域，明天将赢得全球经济。这是美国永远不应放弃的优势。”

“联邦政府资助研究的理论和创新竟然都落后于谷歌和智能手机。这也是国会应当消除去年基础研究经费削减带来的损害的原因，这样我们能够解除对下一个美国伟大发现的束缚。”

研究拥护者对最后一句话感到满意，它重申了白宫反对预算隔离带来的经费限制的立场，该机制旨在于未来10年里帮助减少政府赤字。但是，支持预算隔离的人可能会指出，国会在日前通过的2014财年预算法案中，已经恢复了2013年削减的大部分预算。

不过，大部分游说者认为，奥巴马也催促国会在未来消除强制预算削减带来的威胁，并且提到以政府的“增收和减支一揽子平衡计划”取代目前的政策。

能源

《华盛顿邮报》的计数结果显示，从强调生产和使用更多天然气开始，奥巴

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