翻译专业实习报告

笔译工作坊实习报告

学院：理工学院

专业方向：翻译

学生姓名：

班级学号： L141 14L1351034

2016年9月

。

实习报告

我是一名大三翻译专业的学生，在大三的上半年里我们进行了童谣翻译物联网翻译和文学翻译，学到了很多东西，我们每个小组平均有4.5个人左右，把我们近一年所学的基本的英汉互译知识和方法全面地结合起来，经过三年的英语学习，大家的英语水平都有了很大的提高。在这次的翻译实习过程中，我虽然遇到很多困难，但也收获颇丰使我们能相对忠实、准确、流畅地将各种文体进行英汉互译，以此提高自身翻译各种文本

的实际能力。

老师给了我们份小说英文材料，包括前言和三章内容。我们实习的任务是完成所有材料的翻译。我们计划将所有材料在一周内翻译完成。

翻译是一门必须亲自动手实践的课程。不亲自动手，翻译水平如何就永远无法得知，也永远提高不了。这次的翻译实习暴露了我在翻译上的缺点和不足，也为我今后的努力指明了方向。在今后的学习过程中，我会针对不足之处加以训练，并且多读多看各方面书籍和新闻来扩大自己的知识面。这不仅仅是翻译的要求，对于提高我们的自身素质也很重要。我们的主要任务是进行英译汉和汉译英的翻译实践，为此在实践的过程中，我总结了四种必备的翻译工具：一是灵格斯翻译工具，里面可安装各式的词典；二是百度搜索工具；三是有道词典；四是英汉词典；五是汉英词典。翻译的过程如下：首先可以现在灵格斯里查询不懂的单词和词组，寻找最符合原文的解释。然后采取同时在百度和有道词典搜索的做法，并对同种搜索工具搜索结果进行比较。他们有着各自的优缺点。所以我们最后用到的就是英汉和汉英辞典，可以对我们翻译之中的词汇，进行最后的确认，确定出最最准确的译法。在翻译过程中也遇到到了一些困难，这说明在漫漫的英语学习过程中我还要继续努力。学如逆水行舟，不进则退，只要每天我认真学习，那就是一种进步。人生总归会有许多挫折，但我们若不跨过这道坎，就不会有进步，滞留不前。我们要用有限的生命创造无限的价值，勇敢面对每一个挑战。

翻译是运用一种语言把另一种语言所表达的思维内容准确而完整地表达出来的语言行为。当然纸上谈兵是无稽之谈，光有理论知识而不实践操作也是没有用的。有位翻译家这么说过，“学翻译犹如学游泳。只在岸边看别人游，或只听教练讲解，是学不会的。”所以要想提高自己的翻译能力，一定要通过实践。实践可以分为两类，直接的实践和间接的实践。所谓直接的实践，就是自己亲身参加的实践，也就是自己动手翻译。一回生，二回熟，日积月累，第一手经验多了，做起来得心应手，翻译能力有所提高。所谓“熟能生巧”，就是这个道理。但自己能译的东西是有限的，从这种实践中得出的经验也是有限的。因此，还需要借助于间接的实践。所谓间接的实践，就是研究别人的译文。比如，一篇文章在手，准备翻译，这时先找一些有关的资料或同类文章的译文看一看，在词语和风格方面定会有所借鉴。别人的译文是别人直接实践的产物，看了别人的译文，就是从事间接实践。为了通过实践，总结自己的不足，以便在今后的语言实践中自己翻译水平和能力能够得到相应的提高和发展，我在完成计划工作后，我开始了我的翻译实习工作。

我学到很多东西知道了翻译的具体过程和基本要求，了解到自己不足的地方，清楚了自己应向哪个方面努力。在实习期间从事大量中英文文字翻译。以后，我在学习上应理论联系实际，从点到面的全面学习，避免拿以前应付考试的态度来学习;在工作中应该

实事求是，细心认真的独立完成自己的工作，并要培养与人协作的精神;在生活中就我个人而言应学会更好的与人相处和沟通，即将离开学校走入社会，我必须更好的完善自己的性格。

通过这次实习，不仅收获了工作和为人处事方面的经验，对本不是自己专业的文秘工作也有了初步的了解。也看到了自己需要提高的地方，在以后的学习中既要重视对知识的掌握，更重要的是通过每一次珍贵的实习机会，将理论和实际结合起来，为将来更好的适应社会打下基础。针对以上总结，在今后的学习和生活中我要做到以下五点：

其一是加强沟通能力。专业知识固然重要，但良好的沟通能力是让别人发现你能力的前提。如果以后将从事商务方面的工作这点更为重要。表面上看来，它只是一种能说会道的能力，可实际上它却包罗了一个人从穿衣打扮到言谈举止等一切行为的能力。

其二是要发扬团队精神，不论是在学校生活还是在社会生活中，只要是处在一个集体中这一点都会起到非常重要的作用。而因为是独生子女的关系，在这一方面我做的很不够。

其三是要加强英语的学习。作为自己的专业，在这样的小城市中虽然因为就业面太窄可能无法频繁的应用，但却可以成为我的优势。但在实习的过程中这个优势却并不突出，这都是因为我的专业水平有待提高。

在今后的学习，我要通过扩大词汇量增大阅读面来提高自己的英语水平。并且要拿到大学英语四极证，否则作为英语专业的学生就太没有说服力了。这样就会在我求职的过程中增加一快很有分量的砝码。

复合材料与工程专业毕业设计外文文献翻译

毕业设计外文资料翻译 题目POLISHING OF CERAMIC TILES 抛光瓷砖 学院材料科学与工程 专业复合材料与工程 班级复材0802 学生 学号20080103114 指导教师 二〇一二年三月二十八日

MATERIALS AND MANUFACTURING PROCESSES, 17(3), 401–413 (2002) POLISHING OF CERAMIC TILES C. Y. Wang,* X. Wei, and H. Yuan Institute of Manufacturing Technology, Guangdong University ofTechnology, Guangzhou 510090, P.R. China ABSTRACT Grinding and polishing are important steps in the production of decorative vitreous ceramic tiles. Different combinations of finishing wheels and polishing wheels are tested to optimize their selection. The results show that the surface glossiness depends not only on the surface quality before machining, but also on the characteristics of the ceramic tiles as well as the performance of grinding and polishing wheels. The performance of the polishing wheel is the key for a good final surface quality. The surface glossiness after finishing must be above 208 in order to get higher polishing quality because finishing will limit the maximum surface glossiness by polishing. The optimized combination of grinding and polishing wheels for all the steps will achieve shorter machining times and better surface quality. No obvious relationships are found between the hardness of ceramic tiles and surface quality or the wear of grinding wheels; therefore, the hardness of the ceramic tile cannot be used for evaluating its machinability. Key Words: Ceramic tiles; Grinding wheel; Polishing wheel

专业英语翻译中的常见问题(详细翻译技巧)

英译汉几个常见问题如下： 1）英译汉时语言组织不符合中文的讲话习惯。在不改变原文绝大部分意思的情况下，不需要字对字或者严格遵守英语语序，在获得原句含意后务必采用中文的思维将译文写出。要求是在读着看过译文后，不能让读着感觉到文章是翻译而得的，即不能留有丝毫翻译的痕迹。 2）英译汉时译文上下文的用词不一致。尤其是学术文献或论文的翻译，除了学术用语和专业用语需要准确，更重要的是全文上下文中同一个词或者短句翻译出的用词或短语必须一致。例如一开始将control panel翻译为“控制面板”，那么全文都不得改变这个译法。 3）英译汉时用词过于口语化。除了剧本，台词，字幕等需要口语化用词的翻译稿件以外。其余大部分翻译，例如文献，论文，合同，申请书，标书等，用词尽量书面化。例如“weight”在统计学和分析学中不可翻译为“给予数值”，必须翻译为“赋权”，两者意思相近，但是采用后者。 4）英译汉时词汇含意理解产生偏差。这是死记单词造成的后果。翻译中，在无上下文的情况下，除非是专有学术名词（例“diabetes”基本上永远都是糖尿病的意思），其余的单词很难说究竟是什么意思，我们只能说某个词大概是对照中文某个词的感觉，但是决不可死认一个意思，死认单词意思造成翻译不通、翻译错误等。当然也不能糊译，不能为了使句子翻译通顺而胡编一个意思。 5）英译汉时英语长句中的意群划分有误。原版的英语资料中长句较多，往往40-50个词之间没有一个标点，修饰成分和意群划分的错误会导致理解错误和翻译错误。原则上，英语中的各类从句，特别是状语从句在句子中的位置相对灵活，没搞明白其修饰对象就会错译。 汉译英几个常见问题如下： 1）汉译英时字对字翻译。这是翻译中最致命的错误，很多人以为认识对应的英语单词或者知道对应的英语单词，这句话才会翻译。其实不是，原则上四千词汇量就能解释大部分英语单词的含义，只不过大部分人不知道如何用简单词汇造句去描述或解释高难度单词。 2）汉译英时中式语序。何谓中式语序，即以“主+谓+宾”为主的句型。这种句子写多了，一旦遇上长句或者语法功能上缺少成分的句子就懵了。所以必须多读，多了解原版英语的句子是如何写的。 3）汉译英时短句太多。这里并不是指写英语短句不好，在考试中建议写短句，这是为了避免语法错误，当然也不要太短了。在较为正式的或专业性强的文本中，汉译英在必要时需要翻译成长句。例如不久前的某论文中的一句：筛选出对靶基因干扰效率最高的 HER2-shRNA慢病毒表达载体并成功包装成病毒去感染SKOV-3细胞而后在体外进行实验的结果显示Her2/neu的siRNA慢病毒载体可以显著抑制靶基因的表达并使卵巢癌SKOV3细胞的生物学行为明显受抑。因此，熟练掌握各类从句的写法和作用很重要。 4）汉译英时英语词汇词义辨析不清而导致误用，用词不准。大部分人的翻译习惯是，凡是中文有英文的对应单词，就二话不说直接用，其实这个是不对的。很多同义词意思相近，用法和所用的语境场合完全不同。例如“base”“basis”“foundation”，意思几乎相同，但是用法完全不同。尤其是学术文章，误用就导致歧义。 5）汉译英时逻辑混乱结构不清。汉译英中的逻辑和语句结构相当重要。逻辑混乱，即译文毫无章法，思绪混沌，不知所云。结构不清，即英语的从句或其他成分在句中的位置胡乱摆放，进行翻译的人员自然是清楚的指导这些英语句子的含义，因为是看着中文翻译过来的，想不知道中文含义都难，但是没看过中文的读着就会因此而看得云里雾里，从而导致读者难以理解译文。

把下面的短文加上标点并翻译成现代汉语(精)

P384答案 把下面的短文加上标点并翻译成现代汉语： 标点： 陈康肃公尧咨善射，当世无双，公亦以此自矜。尝射于家圃，有卖油翁释担而立，睨之，久而不去。见其发矢十中八九，但微颔之。康肃问曰：“汝亦知射乎？吾射不亦精乎？”翁曰：“无他，但手熟尔。”康肃忿然曰：“尔安敢轻吾射！”翁曰：“以我酌油知之。”乃取一葫芦置于地，以钱覆其口，徐以勺酌油沥之，自钱孔入而钱不湿。因曰：“我亦无他，惟手熟尔。”康肃笑而遣之。（欧阳修《卖油翁》） 译文： 陈康肃公尧咨善于射箭，当世没有人能跟他相比。康肃公也以此自负。他曾经在家中菜园里射箭，有一个卖油的老人放下担子站在那里，用眼睛斜视很久没有离去。看见康肃公射箭十中八九，只是微微点头。康肃公问他说：“你也懂得射箭吗？我射箭技术不是很精湛吗？”老人说：“没什么，只是手熟罢了。”康肃公很生气地说：“你怎么敢轻视我的射箭技术！”老人说：“根据我的舀油就知道。”于是就拿了一个葫芦放在地上，用一枚铜钱盖在葫芦口上，慢慢地用勺子舀了油滴进葫芦里，油从钱孔滴入而钱却没有湿。老人于是说道：“我也没什么，只是手熟罢了。”康肃公笑着打发他走了。 标点： 平公射鴳不死，使竖襄搏之，失。公怒，拘将杀之。叔向闻之，夕，君告之。叔向曰：“君必杀之。昔吾先君唐叔射兕于徒林，殪，以为大甲，以封于晋。今君嗣吾先君唐叔，射鴳不死，搏之不得，是扬吾君之耻者也。君其必速杀之，勿令远闻。”君忸怩，乃趣赦之。（《国语·晋语八》） 译文： 晋平公射鴳没有射死，命令仆人襄去抓它，没有抓到。平公很生气，把襄抓起来要杀了他。叔向听说了，晚上赶去拜见晋平公，晋平公告诉了他这件事。叔向说：“您一定要杀了他。从前我们的先君唐叔在徒林射犀牛，射死了以后，用犀牛皮做了一副铠甲，因此被封在晋。如今您继承我们的先君唐叔，可是射鴳射不死，抓又抓不到，这件事是宣扬我君的耻辱啊。您一定要赶快杀了他，不要让这事传扬出去。”晋平公很不自在，就赶快放了竖襄。 标点： 后特征为洛阳令。时湖阳公主苍头白日杀人，因匿主家，吏不能得。及主出行，而以奴骖乘，宣于夏门亭候之。乃驻车叩马，以刀画地，大言数主之失，叱奴下车，因格杀之。主即还宫诉帝。帝大怒，召宣，欲箠杀之。宣叩头曰：“愿乞一言而死。”帝曰：“欲何言？”宣曰：“陛下圣德中兴，而纵奴杀良人，将何以理天下乎？臣不须箠，请得自杀。”即以头击楹，流血被面。帝令小黄门持之，使宣叩头谢主，宣不从。强使顿之，宣两手据地，终不肯俯。主曰：“文叔为白衣时，藏亡匿死，吏不敢至门。今为天子，威不能行一令乎？”帝笑曰：“天子不与白衣同。”因敕“强项令”。出，赐钱三十万。宣悉以班诸吏。由是搏击豪强，莫不震慄。京师号为“卧虎”。歌之曰：“枹鼓不鸣董少平。”（《后汉书·酷吏列传》） 译文： 后来特地征召董宣为洛阳令。当时湖阳公主家的奴仆白天杀人，因藏匿在公主家里，官吏不能抓捕到。等到公主出行，用这个家奴当随从，董宣就在夏门亭等候他们。于是就拦住车马，用刀在地上画着，大声数落公主的过失，呵斥那个家奴下车，就杀了那个家奴。公主立即回宫向皇帝告状。皇帝很生气，召来董宣，要用鞭子打死他。董宣磕头说：“请让我说

外文翻译

Load and Ultimate Moment of Prestressed Concrete Action Under Overload-Cracking Load It has been shown that a variation in the external load acting on a prestressed beam results in a change in the location of the pressure line for beams in the elastic range.This is a fundamental principle of prestressed construction.In a normal prestressed beam,this shift in the location of the pressure line continues at a relatively uniform rate,as the external load is increased,to the point where cracks develop in the tension fiber.After the cracking load has been exceeded,the rate of movement in the pressure line decreases as additional load is applied,and a significant increase in the stress in the prestressing tendon and the resultant concrete force begins to take place.This change in the action of the internal moment continues until all movement of the pressure line ceases.The moment caused by loads that are applied thereafter is offset entirely by a corresponding and proportional change in the internal forces,just as in reinforced-concrete construction.This fact,that the load in the elastic range and the plastic range is carried by actions that are fundamentally different,is very significant and renders strength computations essential for all designs in order to ensure that adequate safety factors exist.This is true even though the stresses in the elastic range may conform to a recognized elastic design criterion. It should be noted that the load deflection curve is close to a straight line up to the cracking load and that the curve becomes progressively more curved as the load is increased above the cracking load.The curvature of the load-deflection curve for loads over the cracking load is due to the change in the basic internal resisting moment action that counteracts the applied loads,as described above,as well as to plastic strains that begin to take place in the steel and the concrete when stressed to high levels. In some structures it may be essential that the flexural members remain crack free even under significant overloads.This may be due to the structures’being exposed to exceptionally corrosive atmospheres during their useful life.In designing prestressed members to be used in special structures of this type,it may be necessary to compute the load that causes cracking of the tensile flange,in order to ensure that adequate safety against cracking is provided by the design.The computation of the moment that will cause cracking is also necessary to ensure compliance with some design criteria. Many tests have demonstrated that the load-deflection curves of prestressed beams are approximately linear up to and slightly in excess of the load that causes the first cracks in the tensile flange.(The linearity is a function of the rate at which the load is applied.)For this reason,normal elastic-design relationships can be used in computing the cracking load by simply determining the load that results in a net tensile stress in the tensile flange(prestress minus the effects of the applied loads)that is equal to the tensile strength of the concrete.It is customary to assume that the flexural tensile strength of the concrete is equal to the modulus of rupture of the

建筑学毕业专业外文翻译文献doc资料

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河南科技学院新科学院 2013届本科毕业生论文（设计） 英文文献及翻译 Foreign capital inflows and welfare in an economy with imperfect competition 学生姓名：王艳杰 所在院系：经济系 所学专业：国际经济与贸易 导师姓名：侯黎杰 完成时间：2013年4月15日

Foreign capital inflows and welfare in an economy with imperfect competition Abstract:This paper examines the resource allocational and welfare effects of exogenous inflows of foreign capital in a general-equilibrium model with oligopolistic competition and unemployment. Although the welfare impact for the short run is ambiguous and dependent upon the strength of excess profits and scale economies relative to unemployment in manufacturing, in the long run additional inflows of foreign capital always improve national welfare with capital mobility. Hence, attracting foreign capital remains a sound policy for economies characterized by imperfect competition, scale economies,and regional unemployment. Keywords: International capital mobility; Imperfect competition; Welfare 1.Introduction The welfare effects of exogenous inflows of foreign capital in the presence of trade restrictions have been extensively studied. Brecher and Diaz Alejandro (1977) show that when imports are subject to tariffs, an introduction of fo reign capital inflows accentuates the tariff distortion and hence reduces national welfare if the import-competing sector is relatively capital-intensive. In contrast, Dei (1985) shows that when imports are restricted by quotas,foreign capital inflows in the presence of foreign-owned capital always improve welfare by depressing the rental and so lowering the payments to existing foreign-owned capital. Recently, Neary (1981), using a common framework for both tariffs and quotas, obtains more general results of foreign capital inflows; the welfare effect of such inflows depends crucially on whether foreign-owned capital exists initially in the home country. In addition, Khan (1982) and Grinols (1991) have examined the effects of foreign capital inflows for a generalized Harris-Todaro economy under tariff protection. Khan finds that the result by Brecher and Diaz Alejandro is still valid even in the presence of unemployment, whereas Grinols argues that increased foreign capital need not be detrimental to welfare if the opportunity costs of labor are sufficiently low. Noteworthy is that the models used by these authors are all based upon the premise of perfect competition along with constant returns-to-scale technology. Although perfect competition serves as a useful assumption in crystallizing theoretical insights, it nevertheless fails to depict many of the real-world phenomena. The real-world economy is characterized, to a large extent, by imperfect competition and economies of scale. The policy implications of imperfect competition and economies